Search

Extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling is necessary for a health adipose tissue (AT) expansion and also has a role during weight loss. We investigate the ECM alteration during weight cycling (WC) in mice and the role of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) was assessed using GM6001, an MMP inhibitor, during weight loss (WL). Obesity was induced in mice by a high-fat diet. Obese mice were subject to caloric restriction for WL followed by reintroduction to high-fat diet for weight regain (WR), resulting in a WC protocol. In addition, mice were treated with GM6001 during WL period and the effects were observed after WR. Activity and expression of MMPs was intense during WL. MMP inhibition during WL results in inflammation and collagen content reduction. MMP inhibition during WL period interferes with the period of subsequent expansion of AT resulting in improvements in local inflammation and systemic metabolic alterations induced by obesity. Our results suggest that MMPs inhibition could be an interesting target to improve adipose tissue inflammation during WL and to support weight cyclers.

Chronic non-communicable diseases such as obesity are preceded by increased macrophage infiltration in adipose tissue and greater secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines. We evaluated the anti-inflammatory potential of Biotransformed extract, and two control extracts: In Natura and Autoclaved. The assays were performed using a cellular model with RAW264.7, 3T3-L1 cells, and RAW264.7 and 3T3-L1 co-culture. The innovation of the study was the use of Biotransformed extract, a unique phenolic extract of a bioprocessed citrus residue. LPS stimulated RAW264.7 cells treated with the Biotransformed extract exhibited lower secretion of TNF-α and NO and lower protein expression of NFκB. In RAW264.7 and 3T3-L1 co-culture, treatment with 1.0 mg/mL of the Biotransformed extract reduced secretion of TNF-α (30.7%) and IL-6 (43.4%). Still, the Biotransformed extract caused higher increase in adiponectin in relation to control extracts. When the co-culture received a LPS stimulus, the Autoclaved extract at 1.0 mg/mL reduced IL-6 and TNF-α concentrations, and raised adiponectin. However, it was noteworthy that the Biotransformed extract was also able to significantly reduce IL-6 concentration while the Natural extract was not. The Biotransformed citrus extract evaluated in this study showed anti-inflammatory activity in macrophages and in co-culture, indicating that bioprocess of citrus residue can contribute to new product development with anti-inflammatory potential.

Adenosine receptors are expressed in adipose tissue and control physiological and pathological events such as lipolysis and inflammation. The aim of this study was to evaluate the activity of N6-cyclopentyladenosine (CPA), a potent and selective A1 adenosine receptor agonist; 2-p-(2-carboxyethyl)phenethylamino-5'-N-ethylcarboxyamidoadenosine hydrochloride (CGS-21680), an A2A adenosine receptor agonist; and 5'-N-ethylcarboxamidoadenosine (NECA), a potent non-selective adenosine receptor agonist on adipose tissue inflammatory alterations induced by obesity in mice. Swiss mice were fed with a high-fat diet for 12 weeks and agonists were administered in the last two weeks. Body weight, adiposity and glucose homeostasis were evaluated. Inflammation in adipose tissue was assessed by evaluation of adipokine production and macrophage infiltration. Adenosine receptor signaling in adipose tissue was also evaluated. Mice that received CGS21680 presented an improvement in glucose homeostasis in association with systemically reduced inflammatory markers (TNF-α, PAI-1) and in the visceral adipose tissue (TNF-α, MCP-1, macrophage infiltration). Activation of p38 signaling was found in adipose tissue of this group of mice. NECA-treated mice presented some improvements in glucose homeostasis associated with an observed weight loss. Mice that received CPA presented only a reduction in the ex vivo basal lipolysis rate measured within visceral adipose tissue. In conclusion, administration of the A2A receptor agonist to obese mice resulted in improvements in glucose homeostasis and adipose tissue inflammation, corroborating the idea that new therapeutics to treat obesity could emerge from these compounds.

O presente trabalho enfoca a incremento cooperativo chines com os paises da Africa cuja lingua oficial e a portuguesa. Angola, Cabo Verde, Guine- Bissau, Mocambique e Sao Tome e Principe sao membros da Comunidade dos Paises de Lingua Portuguesa (CPLP), grupo que se completa com Brasil, Portugal e Timor Leste. O continente africano, em geral, apresenta-se favoravel a estrategias de cooperacao com o gigante asiatico, que busca fornecedores de recursos naturais, materias-primas e petroleo, assim como oportunidades comerciais e novos mercados para suas exportacoes. Aos paises africanos interessa a obtencao de fundos para a realizacao de obras de infra-estrutura e desenvolvimento, a fim de superar a defasagem tecnologica e reforcar seu peso politico. Para a analise, buscou-se comparar em que medida as consideracoes acima se aplicam aos paises africanos lusofonos.

The authors wish to add the process number in the Acknowledgments section in this paper [...]

Background Exploring dietary alternatives that can help obese patients lose weight and improve metabolic health, we developed a structured lipid rich in behenic acid (SLBeh). The SLBeh was obtained by enzymatic interesterification in a mixture of soy oil, olive oil and fully hydrogenated crambe oil resulting in a final product with good technological characteristics, and with the ability to prevent weight gain and the postprandial inflammation in mice. In this study, we compared the ability of the SLBeh to that of orlistat to induce weight loss in obese mice. Methods Obese mice were fed on a high-fat diet formulated with 50% or 100% SLBeh or treated with orlistat. Body composition, glucose and lipid homeostasis, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) markers, and feces analysis were assessed. In addition, anin vitro lipase inhibition characterization was performed. Results The SLBeh inhibits lipase partially in comparison with that by orlistat. Diet with the SLBeh was not able to induce weight loss. However, mice had improvements in glucose blood level control; reductions in NAFLD markers; low levels of serum endotoxin; and alterations in microbiota composition. Conclusions Despite the partial inhibition of lipase, the SLBeh could be an interesting lipid alternative in the search for healthier food.

Iron is an important micronutrient, but it can also act as a dangerous element by interfering with glucose homeostasis and inflammation, two features that are already disturbed in obese subjects. In this work, we study the effects of systemic iron supplementation on metabolic and inflammatory responses in mice with hypoferremia induced by obesity to better characterize whether iron worsens the parameters that are already altered after 24 weeks of a high-fat diet (HFD). Mice were maintained on a control diet or a HFD for 24 weeks and received iron-III polymaltose (50 mg/kg/every 2 days) during the last two weeks. Glucose homeostasis (basal glucose and insulin test tolerance) and systemic and visceral adipose tissue (VAT) inflammation were assessed. Iron levels were measured in serum. The Prussian blue reaction was used in isolated macrophages to detect iron deposition. Iron supplementation resulted in an increased number of VAT macrophages that were positive for Prussian blue staining as well as increased serum iron levels. Systemic hepcidin, leptin, resistin, and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) levels were not altered by iron supplementation. Local adipose tissue inflammation was also not made worse by iron supplementation because the levels of hepcidin, MCP-1, leptin, and interleukin (IL)-6 were not altered. In contrast, iron supplementation resulted in an increased production of IL-10 by adipose tissue and VAT macrophages. Leukocytosis and VAT plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) level were reduced, but insulin resistance was not altered after iron supplementation. In conclusion, systemic iron supplementation in mice with hypoferremia induced by obesity did not worsen inflammatory marker or adipose tissue inflammation or the metabolic status established by obesity. Iron deposition was observed in adipose tissue, mainly in macrophages, suggesting that these cells have mechanisms that promote iron incorporation without increasing the production of inflammatory mediators.

O mercado de alimentos funcionais no Brasil vem crescendo, porém ainda é mínimo quando comparados a países como Japão e estados Unidos. Há a necessidade da criação de outros produtos inovadores, capazes de agregar valor nutricional a partir de suas propriedades funcionais, tendo em vista a crescente demanda por esses produtos no mercado atual. O objetivo deste trabalho é elaborar e caracterizar a mousse de siriguela adicionado de pólen apícola visando a criação de um produto funcional. Foi feito um trabalho experimental de elaboração de formulações de mousse de siriguela com diferentes concentrações de pólen apícola. Foram feitos a composição centesimal, avaliações físico-químicas de PH, Vitamina C, acidez e compostos fenólicos e o perfil de textura. Os resultados demonstraram alto teor de umidade (70,43 a 71,20) e caboidratos (20,62 a 21,36) e teores de proteina de 1,83 a 2,43%, lipídios 4,83 a 5,45, e cinzas de 0,90 a 0,92%. Sem variações significativas para o valor calórico. Os resultados de compostos fenólicos e vitamina C indicaram que a adição do pólen apícola promoveu o aumentos dos composto bioativos. Com relação ao perfil de texturas a coesividade e mastigabilidade apresentação mudanças significativas, portanto conclui-se que a adição do pólen apícola a mousse gera um produto com potencial de alimento funcional pela presença de composto fenólicos e vitamina C, mas são necessários teste sensoriais de aceitação, principalmente ligadas aos aspectos textura e sabor para que ele seja disponibilizado para o mercado.

No scientific report proves the action of the phytochemicals from the mangrove tree Rhizophora mangle in the treatment of diabetes. The aim of this work is to evaluate the effects of the acetonic extract of R. mangle barks (AERM) on type 2 diabetes. The main chemical constituents of the extract were analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and flow injection analysis electrospray-iontrap mass spectrometry (FIA-ESI-IT-MS/MS). High-fat diet (HFD)-fed mice were used as model of type 2 diabetes associated with obesity. After 4 weeks of AERM 5 or 50 mg/kg/day orally, glucose homeostasis was evaluated by insulin tolerance test (kiTT). Hepatic steatosis, triglycerides and gene expression were also evaluated. AERM consists of catechin, quercetin and chlorogenic acids derivatives. These metabolites have nutritional importance, obese mice treated with AERM (50 mg/kg) presented improvements in insulin resistance resulting in hepatic steatosis reductions associated with a strong inhibition of hepatic mRNA levels of CD36. The beneficial effects of AERM in an obesity model could be associated with its inhibitory &alpha, amylase activity detected in vitro. Rhizophora mangle partially reverses insulin resistance and hepatic steatosis associated with obesity, supporting previous claims in traditional knowledge.

Rhizophora mangle L. is a well-known medicinal plant found in mangroves worldwide used to treatment diabetes. This study evaluated the chemical composition of the acetonic extract from Rhizophora mangle barks (AERM), by HPLC-PDA and FIA-ESI-IT-MS/MS and the effects on high-fat diet induced obesity in mice and its mechanism of action by gene expression of inflammatory markers (Pparg, Ppara, Srebf1, Cd36, Tnf, Ccl2, Lep, Il10, Il6, Fasn, 18s). High-fat diet fed mice during 12 weeks was used as model of obesity and associated alterations. The results were very satisfactory, the extract, rich in polyphenolic compounds, flavonoids and phenolic acids, displayed intense antioxidant activity in vitro (608 µmol Trolox/g), and showed excellent activity against non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and reverse insulin resistance in a model of diet-induced obesity. We can registered a modulatory effect of AERM in liver PPAR-γ mRNA expression associated to an important inhibition of CD36 mRNA expression suggesting that AERM induces the down regulation of CD36 mRNA via PPAR-gamma inhibition. These results support the traditional knowledge about the use of R. mangle for the treatment of type 2 diabetes and reveal the potential of AERM for the treatment of NAFLD and management of obesity and comorbidities.

Tese (doutorado)—Universidade de Brasília, Centro de Estudos Avançados Multidisciplinares, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Desenvolvimento, Sociedade e Cooperação Internacional, 2018. A tese apresenta outras possíveis leituras e perspectivas sobre processos de desenvolvimento, relativamente ao arcabouço teórico existente e tendências recentes no pensamento sobre desenvolvimento, obtidas a partir da trajetória da comunidade nikkei de Paracatu-MG, composta de pessoas e grupos que migraram para o Município na segunda metade do Século XX, no contexto da abertura de novas fronteiras agrícolas em regiões de Cerrado, proporcionada por programas como o PRODECER. A trajetória dessa comunidade foi acessada por relatos orais de nikkeis residentes em Paracatu, externados em entrevistas com a participação de 23 pessoas, durante trabalho de campo realizado em duas etapas. A aplicação de métodos e técnicas de história oral foi facilitada por um processo de familiarização desenvolvido com os entrevistados. Um entendimento sobre processos de desenvolvimento como experiências que emergem de subjetividades em sua diversidade e complexidade, agrupadas nas dimensões de migração, trabalho, educação, comunidade e cultura, foi obtido com a aplicação de conceitos e abordagens chave dos estudos pós-coloniais, especialmente diáspora, hibridismo, entre-lugar, colonialismo, imperialismo e orientalismo, na análise das aspirações, valores e expectativas de desenvolvimento dos nikkeis ao longo de suas trajetórias de vida, considerando os contextos políticos, econômicos, sociais e culturais em que viveram e vivem desde as origens no Japão. Nesse sentido, são feitas referências à imigração japonesa para o Brasil, a repercussões da Segunda Guerra Mundial sobre comunidades nikkeis, a políticas econômicas brasileiras no período de realização do PRODECER, ao movimento decasségui, e a aspectos da história recente do município de Paracatu. A pesquisa também contribuiu para abrir possibilidades de reflexão, reconstrução e ressignificação da trajetória da comunidade estudada em seus processos de desenvolvimento. The thesis presents other possible interpretations and perspectives on development processes, regarding the existing theoretical framework and recent trends in development thinking, obtained from the history of the Nikkei community from Paracatu-MG, composed of people and groups that migrated to the Municipality in the second half of the 20th century, in the context of the opening of new agricultural frontiers in Cerrado regions, provided by programs such as PRODECER. The history of this community was accessed by oral reports from Nikkei residents in Paracatu, expressed in interviews with the participation of 23 people, during fieldwork conducted in two stages. The application of oral history methods and techniques was facilitated by a familiarization process developed with the interviewees. An understanding of development processes as experiences that emerge from subjectivities in their diversity and complexity, grouped in the dimensions of migration, work, education, community and culture, was achieved through the application of key concepts and approaches from the post-colonial studies, especially diaspora, hybridism, in-between, colonialism, imperialism and orientalism, in the analysis of development aspirations, values and expectations of Nikkei throughout their life trajectories, considering the political, economic, social and cultural contexts in which they lived and live since the origins in Japan. In this sense, references are made to Japanese immigration to Brazil, the repercussions of the Second World War on Nikkei communities, Brazilian economic policies during the PRODECER period, the Dekassegui movement, and aspects of the recent history of the municipality of Paracatu. The research also contributed to open possibilities for reflection, reconstruction and re-signification of the history of the community studied in its development processes.

Maternal obesity can program the offspring, increasing the risk of overweight and obesity in adult life. Guarana (Paullinia cupana) is a Brazilian plant that has weight-reducing effects. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the effects of Guarana on metabolic and inflammatory parameters in mice programmed by maternal obesity. Swiss female mice were divided into two groups: control and high fat (HF), who received a standard diet or a high-fat diet (HFD), respectively, for 8 weeks prior to mating, gestation, and lactation. After post-natal day (PN) 21, the offspring of the HF group were subdivided into three groups: HF without treatment; HF early treatment, offspring treated with Guarana (1 g/kg bodyweight) in PN25–PN30; HF late treatment, offspring treated with Guarana (1 g/kg bodyweight) in PN65–PN75. Basal energy expenditure, the lipid profile and fasting glucose levels were determined. Body composition was evaluated by dissecting adipose tissue depots. Gene expression was analyzed using real-time PCR. During mating, the weight of HF females increased; after lactation, their adipose tissue depots and fasting glycemic levels also increased. The offspring of the HF group showed an increased body weight at PN21. At PN80, in the mice treated with Guarana (with both treatments), VO2 and energy expenditure increased, adipose tissue depots decreased, and the expression of leptin, IL-6, TNF-α, and MCP-1 decreased compared with that in the HF group. Guarana treatment at both stages of life reversed some of the alterations developed by the offspring of HF animals in adult life.

Reflections on social gender and its representations imply a first and necessary conduct: the elimination of closed categories (BUTLER, 2013). We go towards discontinuity (of the subject in time and space). While institutions try to keep ideas (threateningly) conservative, groups and individuals move among the multiple, the "trans", the indomitable and uncontrollable spirit of a future that is often renewed. In the 2010s, Brazil, for example, undergoes a process of strengthening institutions' conservatism, which do not dialogue with individuals and groups' sociocultural achievements - an undeniable transformation that occurred during the millennium. In this context, it is possible to realize the recrudescence of homophobic and racist discourse in the parliament and in the media. In order to illustrate this setback in the instances of power, the present study aims to analyze two issues of “Semanario” magazine published in 1989, which deal with gender and sexuality in their covers, as well as an issue of “Tititi”, published in october 2013, taking as a basis the Critical Discourse Analysis (FAIRCLOUGH, 1999; CHOULIARACHI; FAIRCLOUGH, 2003), here considered as theory and method. Associated with the CDA, we use Multimodality (KRESS; VAN LEEUWEN, 1996). In our analysis, we relate the textual dimension of discourse, the composition of images on the covers and the associated texts. The corpus qualitative analysis allows us to defend the thesis that in the 1980s there was more freedom and daring in Brazilian media, while at the same time there was less violence and less hatred than there is today. This work was presented at ALED 2015, but not published. Reflexões sobre gênero social e suas representações implicam uma primeira e necessária conduta: a eliminação de categorias fechadas (BUTLER, 2013). Caminhamos para a descontinuidade (do sujeito no tempo e no espaço). Enquanto as instituições tentam manter ideias de forma (ameaçadoramente) conservadora, os coletivos e os indivíduos transitam entre o múltiplo, o “trans”, o indomável e incontrolável espírito de um futuro que se renova frequentemente. Nesta década de 2010, o Brasil, por exemplo, passa por um processo de fortalecimento do conservadorismo das instituições, que não dialogam com as conquistas socioculturais de indivíduos e de coletivos - transformação inegável ocorrida durante esta passagem de milênio. Neste contexto, é possível visualizar o recrudescimento do discurso homofóbico e racista no parlamento e na mídia. Para ilustrar este recuo das instâncias de poder, o presente trabalho visa analisar dois exemplares da Revista “Semanário” de 1989, que tratam de gênero e sexualidade em suas capas, bem como um exemplar da Revista “Tititi”, de outubro de 2013, por meio da Análise de Discurso Crítica (FAIRCLOUGH, 1999; CHOULIARACHI; FAIRCLOUGH, 2003) aqui abraçada como teoria e método. Associada à ADC, utilizamos a Multimodalidade (KRESS; VAN LEEUWEN, 1996). Na análise, associamos a dimensão textual do discurso, a composição das imagens das capas e textos associados. A análise qualitativa do corpus permite defender a tese de que na década 1980 havia mais liberdade e ousadia na mídia brasileira, ao mesmo tempo que identificamos menos violência e menos ódio do que há hoje. Esse trabalho foi apresentado na ALED 2015, mas não publicado.

Dissertação (mestrado)—Universidade de Brasília, Centro de Desenvolvimento Sustentável, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Desenvolvimento Sustentável, 2017. O desenvolvimento sustentável, em termos gerais, é uma nova alternativa de desenvolvimento socioeconômico baseado no conceito do triple bottom line. A consolidação do tema da sustentabilidade inspirou e incitou doutrinas e teorias econômicas e sociológicas, além de demandas por políticas de proteção ambiental. Então surgiram as primeiras propostas de construção de indicadores ambientais. Os indicadores de sustentabilidade têm a capacidade de comunicar o progresso de uma atividade ou local em relação a uma meta. A sua representação deve ser clara e objetiva o suficiente para retratar o mais próximo da realidade e prever possíveis consequências. A construção de indicadores de sustentabilidade é complexa, pois a representação da realidade e da relação do meio ambiente com a sociedade envolve uma rede ampla de perspectivas e fatores. A criação de um índice busca também preencher as falhas reconhecidas em outras metodologias mais aplicadas. Com isso, esse estudo tem por objetivo propor um novo índice de sustentabilidade denominado Índice de Performance da Sustentabilidade Municipal – IPSM, cuja intenção é apresentar uma proposta metodológica, cuja aplicação seja adequada para os municípios brasileiros, independentemente de seu porte, para uma comparação em escala temporal do seu desempenho. Para o método, realiza-se uma análise dos indicadores relativos à quatro dimensões, incluídas em índices temáticos, sendo que, os indicadores possuem pesos diferentes para cada município. Esses pesos são atribuídos de acordo com os aspectos identificados por stakeholders, referentes às características do município. Essa identificação é realizada por meio de um questionário, denominado “Questionário de ponderação”, aplicado a gestores ou especialistas da área ambiental envolvidos no processo de tomada de decisão do município para que então seja aplicada análise hierárquica (AHP) para cálculo das importâncias. Os valores dos indicadores são normalizados dentro de escala percentis. O IPSM foi aplicado para dois municípios: Paracatu-MG e AnápolisGO, mostrando diferenças relativamente significativas entre a performance de sustentabilidade, correspondendo justamente às suas diferenças demográficas, sociais, ambientais, institucionais e econômicas. The sustainable development is a new socio-economic development alternative, based on the triple bottom line concept. The consolidation of the theme of sustainability has inspired and stimulated economic and sociological doctrines and theories, and demands for environmental protection policies. So, came the first proposals to build environmental indicators. Sustainability indicators have the ability to communicate the progress of an activity in relation to a performance. The representation must be clear and objective enough to represent the reality and predict possible consequences. The construction of sustainability indicators is complex, since the representation of reality and the relationship between the environment and society involves a wide network of perspectives. The creation of an index also seeks to fill in the flaws recognized in other more applied methodologies. The objective of this study is to propose a new sustainability index called the Municipal Sustainability Performance Index (IPSM), which intends to present a methodological proposal, which is appropriate for Brazilian cuties, for all sizes, for a comparison in time scale of their performance. For the method, an analysis of the indicators related to four dimensions, included in thematic indexes, is carried out. So, the indicators have different weights for each city. These weights are attributed according to the aspects identified by stakeholders, referring to the characteristics of the municipality. This identification is carried out by means of a questionnaire, called "Weighting Questionnaire", applied to environmental managers or experts involved in the municipal decision-making process so that hierarchical analysis (AHP) is applied to calculate the amounts. The values of the indicators are normalized into percentile scales. The IPSM was applied to two cities: Paracatu-MG and Anápolis-GO, showing relatively significant differences between sustainability performance, corresponding precisely to their demographic, social, environmental, institutional and economic differences.

SILVA, Ana Paula Rabelo. Os processos de letramentos nas transformações de identidades de três gerações de mulheres escolarizadas. 2017. 360f. – Tese (Doutorado) – Universidade Federal do Ceará, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Linguística, Fortaleza (CE), 2017. A ausência de dados para a realização de um artigo sobre educação de três gerações de mulheres (de um mesmo grupo familiar, doravante GF) que tivessem passado pelo letramento acadêmico foi o fator motivador para a escolha do tema. Assim, a presente tese propôs-se a realizar, sustentada pela Análise de Discurso Crítica (ADC), uma pesquisa intersecional considerando grau de escolaridade, gênero social, raça e classe na análise das transformações de identidades de 24 mulheres (brancas e negras) que experienciaram o letramento acadêmico. É objetivo principal analisar as transformações de identidades de gênero social – considerando as mudanças discursivas, sociais e culturais – por meio do acesso a diferentes gêneros discursivos. Da mesma forma, também são objetivos: a) analisar como o letramento acadêmico de mulheres, sobretudo as negras, mensurado pelo acesso aos gêneros discursivos da academia, pode indicar a ascensão e o empoderamento das mulheres; b) identificar como o acesso aos gêneros discursivos pode estar associado a disputas de micropoderes, permitindo o empoderamento das mulheres, em especial, das mulheres negras; c) identificar como o acesso ao letramento afeta nas transformações de crenças e valores e sugere disputas de micropoderes. A pesquisa, de cunho qualitativo, tem como dimensão teórica e metodológica a Análise de Discurso Crítica (FAIRCLOUGH, [1992] 2001, 2003; CHOULIARAKI, FAIRCLOUGH [1999] 2007; MAGALHÃES 1995, 2003, 2005, 2008, 2009, 2012; RAMALHO, RESENDE, 2011; RESENDE, RAMALHO, 2013). Além das considerações iniciais e finais, está dividida em três partes: uma teórica, uma metodológica e outra analítica. Os capítulos teóricos tratam de “Desigualdades de raça e gênero no acesso à educação”, com o propósito de contextualizar as questões relacionadas ao acesso ao ensino superior e à história das lutas das mulheres em três gerações do feminismo (CAMERON, 1995; LOURO, [1997] 2014; OSTERMANN, 2006; FRASER, 2007; MAGALHÃES, 2008, 2009). “ADC e gênero social”, está dividido em: modalidade e avaliação, com base em Fairclough ([1992] 2001, 2003), e discurso e gênero social (WODAK, 1997; CAMERON, 2003, 2005; MAGALHÃES, 2005a; HEBERLE, OSTERMANN, FIGUEIREDO, 2006; MOSS, 2007). “Letramento e gênero discursivos” trata da compreensão de letramento, baseada em Street (2012, 2014) e Magalhães (1995) e de gêneros discursivos, dialogando com Bakhtin ([1953] 2011), Fairclough ([1992] 2001), Motta-Roth (1998, 2008) e Solin (2011). A segunda parte da tese apresenta os procedimentos metodológicos, e tem como principal instrumento de geração de dados a entrevista (individual ou coletiva). Na análise das práticas experienciadas no espaço acadêmico – Parte C –, foram introduzidas as categorias da ADC: modalidade e avaliação (FAIRCLOUGH, [1992] 2001, 2003). As transformações de identidade nos GFs de mulheres brancas ocorreram mais significativamente por geração. Há uma tendência entre as 24 mulheres a apresentar um modo de ser e de viver o mundo que não rompa com o seu tempo histórico, isso permite que coexistam identidades diferentes e conflitantes, alimentando outros projetos de identidade ou de resistência e podendo impulsionar identidades pessoais a se consagrarem como futuras identidades coletivas. Nas identidades, há disputas de micropoderes. Vale ressaltar que é significativo que a pesquisa não tenha levantado dados de nenhum GF completo de mulheres negras.

Epidemiological data has associated coffee consumption with a lower prevalence of type 2 diabetes, metabolic syndrome and chronic liver disease. However, the mechanisms and coffee substances responsible for these effects remain unclear. In the present study, mice received caffeinated or decaffeinated instant coffee ad libitum during a two week period after inducing obesity by introducing a high-fat diet over a 10 week period. Body weight, glucose homeostasis, and liver and visceral adipose tissue inflammation were assessed. In addition, AKT signaling, the fatty acid profile and liver histopathological analyses were performed. Ingestion of caffeinated or decaffeinated coffee for 2 weeks resulted in reductions in glucose and insulin blood levels, and insulin tolerance was improved without reductions in final body weight or adiposity. Only caffeinated coffee modified the adipokine profile in visceral adipose tissue, resulting in a restoration of adiponectin levels. However, deleterious liver alterations, which manifested as reductions in steatosis, inhibition of iNOS expression and restoration of insulin inducing-AKT phosphorylation, were reversed by the ingestion of both caffeinated and decaffeinated coffee. Serum AST and ALT levels were also improved in mice after coffee ingestion, while the fatty acid profile in the liver and the cytokine profiles in adipose and liver tissues were not altered by coffee ingestion. Thus, instant coffee consumption reverses obesity-induced alterations in mice, and our results corroborate those of epidemiological studies that associated coffee consumption with a lower prevalence of obesity-related pathologies.

Adenosine receptors are expressed in adipose tissue and control physiological and pathological events such as lipolysis and inflammation. The aim of this study was to evaluate the activity of N

Infliximab is a monoclonal anti-TNF-α antibody that is used therapeutically to treat Crohn's disease (CD). High levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines, especially TNF-α, have been observed in the gastrointestinal tract of CD patients and were associated with alterations in the mesenteric adipose tissue, which also contributed to the high levels of adipokine release. The authors used a rat model of colitis that produces mesenteric adipose tissue alterations that are associated with intestinal inflammation to study the effects that infliximab treatment has on adipokine production, morphological alterations in adipose tissue and intestinal inflammation.The ability of infliximab to neutralize rat TNF-α was evaluated in vitro using U937 cells. Colitis was induced by repeated intracolonic trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid instillations and was evaluated by macroscopic score, histopathological analysis, myeloperoxidase activity, TNF-α and IL-10 expression as well as iNOS (inducible NO synthase) expression and JNK phosphorylation in colon samples. The alterations in adipose tissue were assessed by TNF-α, IL-10, leptin, adiponectin and resistin levels as well as adipocyte size and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-γ expression.Infliximab treatment controlled intestinal inflammation, which reduced lesions and neutrophil infiltration. Inflammatory markers, such as iNOS expression and JNK phosphorylation, were also reduced. In mesenteric adipose tissue, infliximab increased the production of IL-10 and resistin, which was associated with the restoration of adipocyte morphology and PPAR-γ expression.Our results suggest that infliximab could contribute to the control of intestinal inflammation by modifying adipokine production by mesenteric adipose tissue.

O recente desenvolvimento do município de Paracatu pode ser atribuído a diversos fatores, entre os quais o incremento agrícola obtido com o Programa Nipo-Brasileiro para o Desenvolvimento dos Cerrados (PRODECER), implantado entre 1978 e 2001, com o objetivo de tornar produtivo o solo do Cerrado, bioma presente em várias localidades do Brasil, a exemplo de Paracatu, cujo território é explorado para a atividade mineradora desde o Século XVIII, quando se registra o início da história paracatuense.Este ensaio, cujas imagens retratam contribuições da colônia japonesa para o progresso econômico e social de Paracatu, baseia-se em artigo produzido como atividade da disciplina Estudos Luso-Orientais e apresentado na Conferência Internacional Interfaces da Lusofonia, realizada na Universidade do Minho, Lisboa, Portugal, em 2013. A construção deste trabalho foi motivada pela celebração dos 120 anos de relacionamento ente Brasil e Japão em 2015, quando homenagem será outorgada a ilustres nipo-brasileiros do Município.

Dissertação (mestrado)—Universidade de Brasília, Centro de Estudos Avançados e Multidisciplinares, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Desenvolvimento, Sociedade e Cooperação Internacional, 2013. A dissertação descreve e analisa o histórico recente das relações de cooperação em CT&I entre Brasil e Japão, com ênfase nos acordos assinados desde a década de 1970 e nos projetos realizados na primeira década do Século XXI, de modo a verificar as contribuições dessas ações de cooperação bilateral para a melhoria de competências em CT&I que repercutem no desenvolvimento brasileiro. As contribuições da cooperação bilateral em CT&I para o desenvolvimento são verificadas mediante comparação entre as estratégias e setores priorizados pelas políticas de CT&I de Brasil e Japão e as ações e áreas nas quais a cooperação bilateral foi realizada. Para tanto, são apresentadas as políticas de CT&I dos dois países, elaboradas desde as décadas finais do Século XX, destacando-se as orientações para cooperação internacional nelas contidas. O marco de referência teórica e conceitual caracteriza-se por exercício interdisciplinar entre três campos de estudo, Relações Internacionais, Economia e Sociologia. O método utilizado, de forma predominante, foi o qualitativo. Concluiu-se que a cooperação bilateral foi fortalecida nas últimas décadas, mas carece de diversificação dos setores nos quais acordos são firmados e projetos realizados. O aumento do conhecimento mútuo, a maior participação do setor privado, e a melhoria do engajamento dos representantes das áreas acadêmica e governamental nos mecanismos bilaterais são caminhos indicados para o equilíbrio de interesses no incremento da cooperação em CT&I entre Brasil e Japão, propósito cuja realização poderá repercutir positivamente no desenvolvimento brasileiro. _______________________________________________________________________________________ ABSTRACT The dissertation describes and analyzes the recent historical background of the relations of cooperation in ST&I between Brazil and Japan, emphasizing the agreements signed since the 1970s and the projects accomplished in the first decade of the 21st century, in order to verify the contributions from those bilateral cooperation actions for the improvement of ST&I competences that impact on Brazilian development. The contributions from the bilateral cooperation in ST&I for development are verified by comparison between the strategies and sectors prioritized by the ST&I policies of Brazil and Japan and the actions and areas in which the bilateral cooperation was carried out. Therefore, the ST&I policies of Brazil and Japan elaborated since the last decades of the 20th century are presented, being highlighted the orientations for international cooperation contained in those policies. The framework of theoretical and conceptual references is characterized by interdisciplinary exercise among three fields of study, International Relations, Economy and Sociology. The method used, predominantly, was the qualitative one. It was concluded that the bilateral cooperation was strengthened in the last decades, but it lacks diversification of the sectors in which agreements are signed and projects are carried out. Increasing mutual knowledge, increasing the participation of the private sector, and improving the engagement of the representatives from the academic and governmental areas in the bilateral mechanisms are ways indicated for balancing interests in the improvement of the ST&I cooperation between Brazil and Japan, purpose whose accomplishment can impact positively on the Brazilian development.

Background: Dietary vitamin K intake has been considered a major factor that influences stability of oral anticoagulation (OA) with coumarins. Few studies have evaluated the relationship between amounts of dietary vitamin K intake and stability of anticoagulation. Objective: To assess whether high dietary vitamin K intake is associated to stability of International Normalized Ratio (INR) of the prothrombin time. Methods: We performed a sub-analysis of a randomized clinical trial involving outpatients from the anticoagulation clinic of a university hospital. INR and vitamin K intake were prospectively collected at baseline, 15, 30, 60 and 90 days after randomization. Patients were considered with a stable anticoagulation when their INR coefficient of variation was less than 10%. Dietary vitamin K intake was assessed by a food frequency questionnair and a score of intake was derived. Results: We studied 132 patients on chronic OA (57 ± 13 years; 55% males); 23 patients (17%) were achieved stable anticoagulation. Stable and unstable patients had no significant differences in baseline characteristics. The dietary vitamin K score over the entire follow-up for stable patients was significantly lower than that for unstable patients (p = 0.012). Discussion: Our findings suggest that INR stability could be achieved with relatively low amounts of dietary vitamin K. Introducción: El consumo dietético de vitamina K ha sido considerado un factor importante que influye en la estabilidad de la anticoagulación oral (AO) con cumarina. Pocos estudios han evaluado la relación entre el consumo dietético de vitamina K y la estabilidad de la anticoagulación. Objetivo: Evaluar la relación existente entre la alta ingesta de vitamina K y el mantenimiento de la estabilidade del la Razón Normalizada Internacional RNI. Métodos: Se realizó una subanálisis de un ensayo clínico aleatorizado con pacientes ambulatórios de la clínica de anticoagulación de un hospital universitario. Los datos acerca del RNI y la ingesta de vitamina K fueron recogidos prospectivamente al inicio del estudio, y en los días 15, 30, 60 y 90. Los pacientes fueron considerados estables cuando su coeficiente de variación del RNI fue menor de 10%. La evaluacion de la dieta y la ingesta de vitamina K se obtuvo mediante un cuestionario de frecuencia alimentaria y un sistema de puntuación fue creado para esto. Resultados: Se estudiaron 132 pacientes en tratamiento crónico (57 ± 13 años, el 55% masculino), 23 pacientes (17%) lograron anticoagulación estable. Con relación a las características basales, no hubo diferencias entre los sujetos con anticoagulación estable o inestable. La puntuación de la vitamina K de la dieta durante todo el seguimiento de los pacientes se mantuvo significativamente menor entre aquellos con RNI estable cuándo comparado con los inestables (p = 0,012). Discusión: Nuestros hallazgos sugieren que con cantidades relativamente bajas de vitamina K podremos obtener la estabilidad de RNI.

Purpose: To compare whether health-related quality of life (HRQoL) is altered in patients undergoing a treatment strategy guided by changes in dietary vitamin K. Methods: This study is a randomized clinical trial carried out with chronic oral anticoagulation outpatients randomized into a control group (conventional dose adjustment of oral anticoagulants) (n = 66) and an intervention group (strategy based on changes in dietary vitamin K intake) (n = 66). HRQoL was measured using the Duke Anticoagulation Satisfaction Scale (DASS) at baseline and 90 days of follow-up. Results: Patients with worse HRQoL were younger (p = 0.005) and were using a higher dose of baseline oral anticoagulants (p = 0.008), while those with better HRQoL scores had a higher level of education (p = 0.01). Both groups had significant improvements in HRQoL from baseline to 90 days in the global DASS score (p < 0.001), as well as in the negative and positive psychological impact (p < 0.001) domains. We did not observe differences in the variations of HRQoL scores in any of the DASS domains (p values > 0.05) between groups of interventions. Patients who achieved oral anticoagulation stability (n = 23) had significantly better HRQoL scores than patients who did not achieve stability (p = 0.003). Conclusion: Patients receiving the treatment strategy based on changes in dietary vitamin K intake did not have better HRQoL scores; however, both treatment approaches to manage oral anticoagulation improved HRQoL. Patients with greater oral anticoagulation stability had better HRQoL scores. Objetivo: Comparar si la calidad de vida relacionada a la salud (CVRS) se ve alterada en los pacientes sometidos a una estrategia de tratamiento guiado por cambios en la ingesta de vitamina K en la dieta. Métodos: El estudio es un ensayo clínico aleatorizado llevado a cabo con pacientes ambulatorios crónicos de anticoagulación oral con asignación al azar o en un grupo control (ajuste de la dosis convencional de anticoagulantes orales) (n = 66) o en un grupo intervención (estrategia basada en los cambios en la ingesta de vitamina K) (n = 66). La CVRS se midió utilizando el instrumento Duke Anticoagulation Satisfaction Scale (DASS) al inicio y 90 días de seguimiento. Resultados: Los pacientes con peor CVRS eran más jóvenes (p = 0,005) y estaban utilizando una dosis más alta de los anticoagulantes orales de referencia (p = 0,008), mientras aquellos con mejores puntajes de CVRS tenían un mayor nivel de educación (p = 0,01). Ambos grupos tuvieron mejoras significativas en la CVRS desde el inicio hasta 90 días en la puntuación global de DASS (p < 0,001), así como en el los dominios impacto psicológico positivo y negativo (p < 0,001). No se observaron diferencias en las variaciones de las puntaciones de CVRS en cualquiera de los dominios DASS (valores de p > 0,05) entre los grupos de intervención. Los pacientes que lograron la estabilidad de la anticoagulación oral (n = 23) tuvieron significativamente mejores puntaciones de CVRS que los pacientes que no lograron la estabilidad (p = 0,003). Conclusión: Los pacientes tratados con la estrategia de tratamiento basada en los cambios en la ingesta de vitamina K no tuvieron mejores puntuaciones de CVRS, sin embargo, ambos enfoques al tratamiento para manejar la anticoagulación oral mejoró la CVRS. Los pacientes con una mejor estabilidad en la anticoagulación oral tuvieron mejores puntaciones de CVRS.

Background: Dietary vitamin K intake has been considered a major factor that influences stability of oral anticoagulation (OA) with coumarins. Few studies have evaluated the relationship between amounts of dietary vitamin K intake and stability of anticoagulation. Objective: To assess whether high dietary vitamin K intake is associated to stability of International Normalized Ratio (INR) of the prothrombin time. Methods: We performed a sub-analysis of a randomized clinical trial involving outpatients from the anticoagulation clinic of a university hospital. INR and vitamin K intake were prospectively collected at baseline, 15, 30, 60 and 90 days after randomization. Patients were considered with a stable anticoagulation when their INR coefficient of variation was less than 10%. Dietary vitamin K intake was assessed by a food frequency questionnair and a score of intake was derived. Results: We studied 132 patients on chronic OA (57 ± 13 years; 55% males); 23 patients (17%) were achieved stable anticoagulation. Stable and unstable patients had no significant differences in baseline characteristics. The dietary vitamin K score over the entire follow-up for stable patients was significantly lower than that for unstable patients (p = 0.012). Discussion: Our findings suggest that INR stability could be achieved with relatively low amounts of dietary vitamin K.

Purpose: To compare whether health-related quality of life (HRQoL) is altered in patients undergoing a treatment strategy guided by changes in dietary vitamin K. Methods: This study is a randomized clinical trial carried out with chronic oral anticoagulation outpatients randomized into a control group (conventional dose adjustment of oral anticoagulants) (n = 66) and an intervention group (strategy based on changes in dietary vitamin K intake) (n = 66). HRQoL was measured using the Duke Anticoagulation Satisfaction Scale (DASS) at baseline and 90 days of follow-up. Results: Patients with worse HRQoL were younger (p = 0.005) and were using a higher dose of baseline oral anticoagulants (p = 0.008), while those with better HRQoL scores had a higher level of education (p = 0.01). Both groups had significant improvements in HRQoL from baseline to 90 days in the global DASS score (p < 0.001), as well as in the negative and positive psychological impact (p < 0.001) domains. We did not observe differences in the variations of HRQoL scores in any of the DASS domains (p values > 0.05) between groups of interventions. Patients who achieved oral anticoagulation stability (n = 23) had significantly better HRQoL scores than patients who did not achieve stability (p = 0.003). Conclusion: Patients receiving the treatment strategy based on changes in dietary vitamin K intake did not have better HRQoL scores; however, both treatment approaches to manage oral anticoagulation improved HRQoL. Patients with greater oral anticoagulation stability had better HRQoL scores.

O presente estudo visa analisar práticas sociais e discursivas relevantes na construção de representações e na caracterização da manipulação da opinião pública através da mídia impressa, com o propósito de fragilizar as correlações de força das comunidades/movimentos sociais e do poder do Estado, e, ainda, criminalizar o movimento social ou seus integrantes. A análise se limita aos textos informativos, procurando encontrar marcas textuais que sugiram ao leitor um dado posicionamento político. Foram analisadas notícias dos jornais O POVO, Estado e Diário do Nordeste, que trataram da questão ambiental; bem como, cartas, notas e mensagens eletrônicas, referentes aos mesmos temas, produzidos pelas comunidades, por movimentos sociais, ou por políticos ligados a essas lutas. Para compor a análise, buscamos prioritariamente Fairclough (2008) e van Dijk (2008). Mesmo em textos informativos, o jornal constrói representações capazes de alterar a correlação de forças entre os setores envolvidos, reiterando o discurso hegemônico.

AIM: To study pentoxifylline effects in liver and adipose tissue inflammation in obese mice induced by high-fat diet (HFD). METHODS: Male swiss mice (6-wk old) were fed a high-fat diet (HFD; 60% kcal from fat) or AIN-93 (control diet; 15% kcal from fat) for 12 wk and received pentoxifylline intraperitoneally (100 mg/kg per day) for the last 14 d. Glucose homeostasis was evaluated by measurements of basal glucose blood levels and insulin tolerance test two days before the end of the protocol. Final body weight was assessed. Epididymal adipose tissue was collected and weighted for adiposity evaluation. Liver and adipose tissue biopsies were homogenized in solubilization buffer and cytokines were measured in supernatant by enzyme immunoassay or multiplex kit, respectively. Hepatic histopathologic analyses were performed in sections of paraformaldehyde-fixed, paraffin-embedded liver specimens stained with hematoxylin-eosin by an independent pathologist. Steatosis (macrovesicular and microvesicular), ballooning degeneration and inflammation were histopathologically determined. Triglycerides measurements were performed after lipid extraction in liver tissue. RESULTS: Pentoxifylline treatment reduced microsteatosis and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α in liver (156.3 ± 17.2 and 62.6 ± 7.6 pg/mL of TNF-α for non-treated and treated obese mice, respectively; P < 0.05). Serum aspartate aminotransferase levels were also reduced (23.2 ± 6.9 and 12.1 ± 1.6 U/L for non-treated and treated obese mice, respectively; P < 0.05) but had no effect on glucose homeostasis. In obese adipose tissue, pentoxifylline reduced TNF-α (106.1 ± 17.6 and 51.1 ± 9.6 pg/mL for non-treated and treated obese mice, respectively; P < 0.05) and interleukin-6 (340.8 ± 51.3 and 166.6 ± 22.5 pg/mL for non-treated and treated obese mice, respectively; P < 0.05) levels; however, leptin (8.1 ± 0.7 and 23.1 ± 2.9 ng/mL for non-treated and treated lean mice, respectively; P < 0.05) and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (600.2 ± 32.3 and 1508.6 ± 210.4 pg/mL for non-treated and treated lean mice, respectively; P < 0.05) levels increased in lean adipose tissue. TNF-α level in the liver of lean mice also increased (29.6 ± 6.6 and 75.4 ± 12.6 pg/mL for non-treated and treated lean mice, respectively; P < 0.05) while triglycerides presented a tendency to reduction. CONCLUSION: Pentoxifylline was beneficial in obese mice improving liver and adipose tissue inflammation. Unexpectedly, pentoxifylline increased pro-inflammatory markers in the liver and adipose tissue of lean mice.