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The advancement of multi-channel synthetic aperture radar (SAR) system is considered as an upgraded technology for surveillance activities. SAR sensors onboard provide data for coastal ocean surveillance and a view of the oceanic surface features. Vessel monitoring has earlier been performed using Constant False Alarm Rate (CFAR) algorithm which is not a smart technique as it lacks decision-making capabilities, therefore we introduce wavelet transformation-based Convolution Neural Network approach to recognize objects from SAR images during the heavy naval traffic, which corresponds to the numerous object detection. The utilized information comprises Sentinel-1 SAR-C dual-polarization data acquisitions over the western coastal zones of India and with help of the proposed technique we have obtained 95.46% detection accuracy. Utilizing this model can automatize the monitoring of naval objects and recognition of foreign maritime intruders., Comment: 2021 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium IGARSS

The main objective of the paper is to anticipate a bibliometric analysis of the research on stock market prediction using social media sentiments. The study has taken out a total of 1450 documents from the year Jan 2010 to Dec 2020. This study attempts to identify a significant journal that has maximum documents, most prolific author, most cited papers, countries, institutions, co-authorship network analysis map, inter-country co-authorship network analysis map, and keyword occurrences. The study has used the Scopus database for analyzing the large set of data of research papers that are counted in the study. And the VOSviewer software is used for generating the maps such as co-authorship analysis network map and keyword occurrence network.

A computational scheme was used to screen physical solvents for CO2 pre-combustion capture by integrating the commercial NIST database, an in-house computational database, chem-informatics, and molecular modeling. A commercially available screened hydrophobic solvent, diethyl sebacate, was identified from the screening with favorable physical properties and promising absorption performance. The promising performance to use diethyl sebacate in CO2 pre-combustion capture has also been confirmed from experiments. Water loading in diethyl sebacate is very low, and therefore, water is kept with H2 in the gas stream. The favorable CO2 interaction with diethyl sebacate and the intermediate solvent free volume fraction leads to both high CO2 solubility and high CO2/H2 solubility selectivity in diethyl sebacate. An in-house NETL computational database was built to characterize CO2, H2, N2, and H2O interactions with 202 different chemical functional groups. It was found that 13% of the functional groups belong to the strong interaction category with the CO2 interaction energy between -15 and -21 kJ/mol; 62% of the functional groups interact intermediately with CO2 (-8 to -15 kJ/mol). The remaining 25% of functional groups interact weakly with CO2 (below -8 kJ/mol). In addition, calculations show that CO2 interactions with the functional groups are stronger than N2 and H2 interactions but are weaker than H2O interactions. The CO2 and H2O interactions with the same functional groups exhibit a very strong linear positive correlation coefficient of 0.92. The relationship between CO2 and H2 gas solubilities and solvent fractional free volume (FFV) has been systematically studied for seven solvents at 298.2 K. A skewed bell-shaped relation was obtained between CO2 solubility and solvent FFV. When an organic compound has a density approximately 10% lower than its density at 298.2 K and 1 bar, it exhibits the highest CO2 loading at that specific solvent density and FFV. Note that the solvent densities were varied using simulations, which are difficult to be obtained from the experiment. In contrast, H2 solubility results exhibit an almost perfect positive linear correlation with the solvent FFV. The theoretical maximum and minimum physical CO2 solubilities in any organic compound at 298.2 K were estimated to be 11 and 0.4 mol/MPa L, respectively. An examination of 182 experimental CO2 physical solubility data and 29 simulated CO2 physical solubilities shows that all the CO2 physical solubility data are within the maximum and minimum with only a few exceptions. Finally, simulations suggest that in order to develop physical solvents with both high CO2 solubility and high CO2/H2 solubility selectivity, the solvents should contain functional groups which are available to interact strongly with CO2 while minimizing FFV.

This paper is towards the study of L-fuzzy automata from the categorical point of view, where L is a complete residuated lattice. We introduce a functor having both the left/right adjoint from the category of L-fuzzy Σ-semiautomata LFSA ( Σ ) to the category LFTCRL(Σ), a category of complete residuated lattices corresponding to L-fuzzy Σ-semiautomata. The L-fuzzy response map of an L-fuzzy automaton leads us to provide a characterization of an L-fuzzy regular language. Interestingly, we show that the category LFSA ( Σ ) is a category of T 1 -coalgebras/ ( T 2 , T 3 ) -dialgebras. Moreover, we establish a relationship between the category of T 1 -coalgebras and the category of ( T 2 , T 3 ) -dialgebras.

Scrub typhus is a seriously neglected life threatening disease in Asia and the islands of the Pacific and Indian oceans. The causative agent is Orientia tsutsugamushi, an obligate intra-cytosolic bacterium transmitted to vertebrate animals such as human or rodent by larval trombiculid mites (chiggers). Here, we conducted an outbreak investigation in Madhya Pradesh state in central India after sudden upsurge in scrub typhus cases and mortality in humans. Sixty-five live traps were placed for capturing the rodents. The captured rodent species were identified and the samples were subjected to nested PCR targeting 56kDa TSA gene. Analysis revealed for the first-time predominant circulation of Karp genotype in this region. The vector species involved in transmission is Leptotrobidium deliense. In conclusion, we reported the circulation of Karp strain in outbreak regions of Madhya Pradesh and suggest that public health monitoring and surveillance needs to be improved. Studies on antigenic diversity, association of strains with clinical spectrum and pathogenicity in the local setup will be essential for development of region-specific diagnostics and vaccines.

Cytokinins, a type of phytohormones that induce division of cytoplasm, have considerable value in agriculture due to their influences on several physiological processes of plants such as morphogenesis, development of chloroplast, seed dormancy, leaf senescence, etc. Previously, it was assumed that plants obtain cytokinin from the soil produced by microbes as these hormones were first discovered in soil-inhabiting bacteria i.e., Agrobacterium tumefaciens. Later, the cytokinin biosynthesis gene, i.e., ipt gene, has been reported in plants too. Though plants synthesize cytokinins, several studies have reported that the exogenous application of cytokinins has numerous beneficial effects including the acceleration of plant growth and boosting economic yield. Cyanobacteria may be employed in the soil not only as the source of cytokinins but also as the source of other plant growth-promoting metabolites. These organisms biosynthesize the cytokinins using the enzyme isopentenyl transferases (IPTs) in a fashion similar to the plants; however, there are few differences in the biosynthesis mechanism of cytokinins in cyanobacteria and plants. Cytokinins are important for the establishment of interaction between plants and cyanobacteria as evidenced by gene knockout experiments. These hormones are also helpful in alleviating the adverse effects of abiotic stresses on plant development. Cyanobacterial supplements in the field result in the induction of adventitious roots and shoots on petiolar as well as internodal segments. The leaf, root, and stem explants of certain plants exhibited successful regeneration when treated with cyanobacterial extract/cell suspension. These successful regeneration practices mark the way of cyanobacterial deployment in the field as a great move toward the goal of sustainable agriculture.

Green synthesis of two coordination complexes of zinc acetate with N^N moiety on quercetin, which is a flavonoid is carried out. The complexes were obtained in high yields (> 97%) by grinding methods without the involvement of any solvent. Neither catalyst nor any additives were needed to perform the reactions. It was characterized by FT-IR, UV-Vis, NMR, HRMS, and elemental analysis. Antioxidant activity was done through the DPPH method which was compared with ascorbic acid and ligand (Quercetin). The study reveals that Complex 1 (IC50 163.093µg/ml) has significant free radical scavenging activity as compared to complex 2 (IC50 258.683µg/ml). Biological activity was performed against microbes (E. coli and S. aureus). MIC value of complex 1 (15.50µg/ml E. coli, 7.18µg/ml S. aureus) was found more significant as compared to complex 2 (22.51µg/ml E. coli, 18.62µg/ml S. aureus) and quercetin.

This work applies the bicategory-theoretic concepts in formation of minimal fuzzy realization for a given fuzzy behavior. The concept of derivative of fuzzy behavior is used for such construction.

This paper is to study a mathematical model of computation for natural languages. Specifically, we enrich the L-fuzzy automata theory by using the concepts from L-fuzzy rough set theory so that new model, namely, L-fuzzy rough automata can handle both the concepts such as ambiguity and impreciseness arise in natural languages. Further, we study the determinization of an L-fuzzy rough automaton and introduce the concept of a factor L-fuzzy rough automaton. Also, we study some properties of L-fuzzy languages accepted by introduced concepts of L-fuzzy rough automata. Finally, we provide an application of the L-fuzzy rough automaton in a real-life problem.

A study was conducted at AFU livestock farm, Rampur, Chitwan in 2017-18 to determine the effect of dietary supplementation of garlic and ginger in different combination on feed intake, growth performance and economics by using commercial Cobb 500 broilers. A total of two hundred, 11-day-old chicks were allocated randomly to five different treatments. The experiment was designed in a Completely Randomized Design, each treatment with four replication and each replication had 10 birds. They were fed isoproteinous and isocaloric Basal diet (BD) and BD supplemented with four different levels of garlic and ginger such as T1 (BD only), T2 (BD + 1% garlic); T3 (BD + 1.0% ginger); T4 (BD + 0.5% garlic and 0.5% ginger) and T5 (BD + 1% garlic and 1% ginger). Weekly average body weight, weight gain, feed consumption, and feed efficiency were recorded up to sixth week of age. All data were statistical analyzed using Completely Randomized Design. The results showed that overall feed consumption was significantly (P≤0.05) higher for broiler fed diet supplemented with 0.5% garlic and 0.5% ginger (T4) followed by T5 (basal diet with 1% garlic and 1% ginger). On the other hand significantly higher (P≤0.01) cumulative weekly live body weight and body weight gain (g/bird) was found for the treatment with supplemented 1% garlic powder (T2), followed by broiler fed diet supplemented with 0.5% garlic and 0.5% ginger powder (T4). Similarly, feed conversion ratio was significantly (P≤0.01) better in broiler fed basal diet with supplementation of 1% garlic (T2) followed by basal diet with supplementation of 0.5% garlic and 0.5% ginger (T4). The maximum benefit was obtained from the broiler fed basal diet with supplementation of 1% garlic (T2). The findings revealed that broiler fed basal diet with supplementation of 1% garlic powder had helped as a growth promoter contributing to the better growth performance, feed efficiency and higher benefit: cost ratio. Thus, addition of 1% garlic powder can be safely recommended as a growth promoter in broilers.

The purpose of the study is to investigate into the research conducted on two young generations i.e. the millennial generation and the post millennial generation in the subject field of business and management. The study takes into account the research conducted from 2010 to 2020 from the Scopus database. Bibliometric analysis is adopted to determine the progress on the study of millennials and post millennials, while identifying the most productive authors, institutions and countries. The results depict a concentration of these studies in developed markets like the USA, Australia, Canada and United Kingdom. India and China are also not too far behind in their contributions. There was seen a dearth in research in emerging markets, which is essential and creates a need for further research to be conducted across different geographical locations. The study contributes to the existing field of knowledge on millennials and post millennials.

A study was conducted from 15th December 2019 to 25th January 2020 at Birendranagar Municipality- 12, Surkhet to determine the effect of phytase on the feed intake, growth performance and economics in cobb 500 broilers. Combined brooding was done for 10 days and then the chicks were separated into different treatments. A total of 288 broiler chicks were allocated to six different treatment groups. The experimental design was Completely Randomized Design (CRD), each treatment with four replications. And each replication had 12 birds in it. The birds in six treatments were fed with isoproteinous and isocaloric diet containing different level of phytase and wheat. T0 was the control diet containing basal diet, T1 consisted of basal diet and phytase (0.75gm/100 kg feed), T2 consisted of basal diet containing wheat (13%), T3 consisted of basal diet containing wheat (13%) and phytase (0.75gm/100 kg feed), T4 consisted of basal diet containing wheat (26%), T5 consisted of basal diet containing wheat (26%) and phytase (0.75gm/100 kg feed). Weekly average body weight, weight gain, feed consumption and feed efficiency were recorded for four weeks after the birds were allocated to different treatments. All the data recorded was statistically analyzed for Completely Randomized Design (CRD). The result showed that the overall weekly feed consumption was recorded higher (1.30 ± 0.0423 Kg) in the birds of treatment group T5. On the other significantly (P

The present work reports the synthesis of 4-(1-(substituted phenyl)-1H-naphtho[1,2-e][1,3]oxazin- 2(3H)-yl)-1-thia-4-azaspiro-[4.5]-decan-3-one IV(a-h) by 4-(((substituted phenyl)(2-hydroxynaphthalen- 1-yl) ethyl)amino)-1-thia-4-azaspiro[4.5]decan-3-one with formaldehyde in acetonitrile, containing a spiro ring obtained from the reaction of cyclohexylidene hydrazine and thioglycollic acid in DMF (cyclohexanone reacts with hydrazine hydrate in pyridine). The structures of the synthesized compounds have been established on the basis of elemental analysis, UV-vis absorption spectroscopy, IR, 1H NMR and mass spectral studies. The in vitro antimicrobial screening of all novel compounds was done against S. aureus, E. coli, P. aeruginosa and B. subtilis. The activity of compounds IVb, IVc, IVe and IVf compounds showed moderate to good activity against the tested microbes.

Primary productivity (PP) has been recently investigated using remote sensing-based models over quite limited geographical areas of the Red Sea. This work sheds light on how phytoplankton and primary production would react to the effects of global warming in the extreme environment of the Red Sea and, hence, illuminates how similar regions may behave in the context of climate variability. study focuses on using satellite observations to conduct an intercomparison of three net primary production (NPP) models—the vertically generalized production model (VGPM), the Eppley-VGPM, and the carbon-based production model (CbPM)—produced over the Red Sea domain for the 1998–2018 time period. A detailed investigation is conducted using multilinear regression analysis, multivariate visualization, and moving averages correlative analysis to uncover the models’ responses to various climate factors. Here, we use the models’ eight-day composite and monthly averages compared with satellite-based variables, including chlorophyll-a (Chla), mixed layer depth (MLD), and sea-surface temperature (SST). Seasonal anomalies of NPP are analyzed against different climate indices, namely, the North Pacific Gyre Oscillation (NPGO), the multivariate ENSO Index (MEI), the Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO), the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO), and the Dipole Mode Index (DMI). In our study, only the CbPM showed significant correlations with NPGO, MEI, and PDO, with disagreements relative to the other two NPP models. This can be attributed to the models’ connection to oceanographic and atmospheric parameters, as well as the trends in the southern Red Sea, thus calling for further validation efforts.

The spatial and temporal variations of Chlorophyll-a (Chl-a) in clear and coastal waters are critical for assessing the health of the marine environment. Machine learning models have been proven to model complex relationships and provide better accuracy estimates of the derived parameters compared to traditional empirical models. The present study proposes a novel approach to derive Chl-a by using multi-layer perceptron Neural Network (MLPNN) with Resilient backpropagation method based on the four ocean color bands existent in most of the ocean color sensors. The NNs are trained on NASA's bio-optical Marine Algorithm Dataset (NOMAD) and tested on three different datasets (i) SeaWiFS and, (ii) MODIS Aqua matchup dataset, and (iii) simulated dataset for the Red Sea. These three datasets cover significant variations range in Chl-a levels under both oligotrophic and eutrophic conditions. The influence of different variations in inputs used in NN training is assessed and hyperparameter tuning of the NN is performed to obtain best NN configuration to derive Chl-a. Accuracy assessment of the present study with other global algorithms are performed by comparing the modeled and observed values of the Chl-a. The performance matrices computed from the developed model were promising. Therefore, this study provides a potential approach for the retrieval of improved Chl-a estimates in the global clear and coastal waters as compared to the traditional blue-green band ratio algorithms. Furthermore, the developed algorithm and existing algorithms are applied to SeaWiFS, MODIS, VIIRS, and Hawkeye satellite ocean color data to demonstrate how it may be utilized to accurately depict the spatial distribution of ocean color features in global waters, phytoplankton blooms and some of the physical processes in the Arabian Sea and the Red Sea. The findings of this work have potential to advance the ocean color remote sensing and biogeochemical cycles and processes in coastal and open ocean waters.

Background This study investigated a novel in ovo feeding strategy to determine the prebiotic effects of xylo- and mannan- oligosaccharides (XOS and MOS) differing in the degree of polymerization. A total of 192 fertilized eggs were divided into 6 treatment groups: i) normal saline control (NSC), ii) xylotriose (XOS3), iii) xylotetraose (XOS4), iv) mannotriose (MOS3), v) mannotetraose (MOS4), and vi) no injection control (NIC), each containing 4 replicate trays with 8 eggs per replicate. On d 17 of incubation, 3 mg of oligosaccharides (except for controls) dissolved in 0.5 mL of 0.85% normal saline were injected into the amnion of Cobb 500 broilers eggs. After hatch, the chicks were raised for 28 d under standard husbandry practices and were fed a commercial broilers diet ad libitum, and samples were collected periodically. Results The hatchability, growth performance, and relative weights of breast, drumstick, liver, and proventriculus were not different among the treatments (P > 0.05). The XOS3 injection increased the total short-chain fatty acid production at d 28 compared with both control groups (P P P > 0.05). On the hatch day, the expression level of the CD3 gene (a T cell marker) was increased by XOS3, while the IL-10 gene (a marker of anti-inflammatory cytokine) was reduced by MOS4 (P IL-10 (P = 0.074). No cytokines or lymphocyte markers were affected by the treatments on d 7 (P > 0.05), except XOS4 increased IL-4 compared with NSC (P P P Conclusion The effects of these XOS and MOS on ileal mucosa and immunity are transient, but the effects on fermentation and cecal microbiota are prolonged, and further research is warranted to determine their use as a gut health promoter in poultry.

We report an ultralow power consuming and forming-free hybrid flexible resistive random access memory device fabricated with poly(4-vinylphenol) (PVP):MoS2 composite and HfO x bilayer, exhibiting threshold switching with ultralow ON-current of 500 nA. While the higher concentration of MoS2 imparted the higher leakage current in the devices, the lower concentration devices exhibited decent switching with set and reset powers as low as 270 and 0.1 nW, respectively. The ultralow switching current indicates the formation of multiple weak nanosized conductive filaments created due to electromigration of Ag atoms under external bias. Moreover, heating temperature-dependent study of switching behavior confirms the metallic nature of the filament as the low resistance state (LRS) current falls significantly with rising temperature. Furthermore, these devices exhibited remarkable mechanical strength on flexible substrate with demonstration of nondestructive switching characteristics at a bending radius as low as 2.5 mm and after 100 consecutive compressive and tensile strain cycles at ±5-mm radius. The ultralow switching current with high flexibility indicates the capability of devices for advancement toward future low-power flexible memories and computing systems.

Chemical exchange saturation transfer (CEST) experiments are routinely used to study protein conformational exchange between a ‘visible’ major state and ‘invisible’ minor states because they can detect minor states with lifetimes varying from ~ 3 to ~ 100 ms populated to just ~ 0.5%. Consequently several 1H, 15N and 13C CEST experiments have been developed to study exchange and obtain minor state chemical shifts at almost all backbone and sidechain sites in proteins. Conspicuously missing from this extensive set of CEST experiments is a 1H CEST experiment to study exchange at glycine (Gly) 1Hα sites as the existing 1H CEST experiments that have been designed to study dynamics in amide 1H-15N spin systems and methyl 13CH3 groups with three equivalent protons while suppressing 1H-1H NOE induced dips are not suitable for studying exchange in methylene 13CH2 groups with inequivalent protons. Here a Gly 1Hα CEST experiment to obtain the minor state Gly 1Hα chemical shifts is presented. The utility of this experiment is demonstrated on the L99A cavity mutant of T4 Lysozyme (T4L L99A) that undergoes conformational exchange between two compact conformers. The CEST derived minor state Gly 1Hα chemical shifts of T4L L99A are in agreement with those obtained previously using CPMG techniques. The experimental strategy presented here can also be used to obtain methylene proton minor state chemical shifts from protein sidechain and nucleic acid backbone sites.

The objective of this paper is to establish the relationship between fuzzy approximation operators and fuzzy transformation systems. We show that for each upper fuzzy transformation system there exists a fuzzy reflexive approximation space and vice-versa. We further establish such relationship between lower fuzzy transformation systems and fuzzy reflexive approximation spaces under the condition that the underline lattice structure satisfies double negation law.

The purpose of this work is to introduce the concept of fuzzy regular languages (FRL) accepted by fuzzy finite automata, and try to introduce the categorical look of fuzzy languages where the codomain of membership functions are taken as a complete residuated lattice, instead of [Formula: see text]. Also, we have introduced pumping lemma for FRL, which is used to establish a necessary and sufficient condition for a given fuzzy languages to be non-constant.

2,2,2-Trifluoroethyl-substituted 3-oxazolines, 3-thiazolines, and 5,6-dihydro-2H-1,3-oxazines have been obtained by reacting substituted vinyl azides with a combination of Togni’s reagent and substoichiometric amounts of iron(II) chloride. The results of density functional theory calculations support the proposed mechanism involving 1,n-hydrogen-atom transfer reactions. peerReviewed

The climate and altitude play an important role in composition and distribution of Himalayan vegetation. Hence this study was aimed to understand the influence of altitude and slope aspect on diversity, regeneration, and structure of some temperate forests of Garhwal Himalaya. The maximum mean tree density (627 ± 27.04 trees ha−1) was recorded on southwest facing aspect for Rhododendron arboreum-Quercus semecarpifolia association whereas, minimum (555 ± 43.11 trees ha−1) on northwest aspect for Quercus semecarpifolia-Abies spectabilis association. However, highest mean total basal cover value (99.84 ± 10.9 m2 ha−1) was found on northwest aspect and lowest (79.15 ± 12.9 m2 ha−1) on southeast facing aspect for Q. semecarpifolia-A. spectabilis association. The greater mean Shannon Index values (i.e., trees, 1.40 ± 0.05; shrubs, 1.67 ± 0.05 and herbs, 2.48 ± 0.05) were recorded for R. arboreum-Q. semecarpifolia (CTI), Q. semecarpifolia-A. pindrow (CTII) and Q. semecarpifolia-A. spectabilis (CTIII), respectively, whereas, lower value (trees, 0.59 ± 0.17) for Q. semecarpifolia-A. spectabilis (CTIV), shrubs (1.44 ± 0.16) and herbs (2.0 ± 0.12) for R. arboreum-Q. semecarpifolia association. The tree species like Quercus semecarpifolia, Rhododendron arboreum, Abies spectabilis were found widely distributed in the study area. The regeneration study revealed that southwest facing aspect community vegetation experienced additional threat of extinction by representing 26.67% species as not regenerating. Overall a reverse ‘J’ shaped structure was obtained for all studied communities representing higher densities on lower dbh classes while, The Q. semecarpifolia-A. spectabilis (CTIII) exhibited maximum total basal cover value on higher dbh classes (i.e., 50–70 cm). Henceforth, it could be concluded that the forest community growing between 2800–3400 m asl was comparatively mature and old growth, and could be recommended for conservation purposes.

The objective of this paper is to introduce quantale-valued (in short Q-valued) fuzzy automata and its categories. The Q-valued fuzzy automaton in order to introduce here differs from the existing studies in the sense that the state-set itself is a quantale semimodule (in short Q-semimodule). Next, we introduce deterministic Q-valued fuzzy automaton and study the determinization of Q-valued fuzzy automata by using of Q-valued power set functor and show the existence of final object in the subcategory of category of deterministic Q-valued fuzzy automata. Finally, we show that the existence of minimal deterministic Q-valued fuzzy automata in the category of deterministic Q-valued fuzzy automata by using functorial maps.

Resistive switching behavior of poly (4-vinylphenol):graphene oxide (PVP:GO) composite and ultrathin HfO x hybrid bilayer was explored for developing high-performance flexible resistive random access memory (RRAM) devices. These devices, fabricated with a PVP:GO equivolume solution spin-coated and atomic layer deposited ultrathin HfO x as an active bilayer, exhibited excellent bipolar switching behavior with set and reset voltages as low as 0.6 and −1.46 V, ${I}_{ \mathrm{\scriptscriptstyle ON}}/{I}_{ \mathrm{\scriptscriptstyle OFF}}$ of >105, and ac and dc switching endurance of over 1400 and 800 cycles, respectively. The same device configuration realized over a flexible polyethylene terephthalate (PET) substrate exhibited a memory window of >103 even after undergoing large mechanical strain (correspoding to a 5-mm bending radius). In addition, after 150 cumulative cycles of consecutive tensile and compressive strain at a 5-mm bending radius, flexible RRAMs demonstrated a clear memory window of $4\times 10^{{3}}$ for 104 s. Overall, the incorporation of GO into the PVP solution resulted in achieving better control over conductive filament (CF) growth and, therefore, improved repeatability and reliability. This article indicates that the strategy of incorporating composite and organic–inorganic active bilayer can lead toward the development of high-performance flexible RRAMs.