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Because of history, culture, and politics, European identity has its archetypical elements in ancient Greek culture. Ancient Greek philosophy brought Logos to fore and defined it as the crucial problem and the postulate of the human. We translate the Greek term Logos in English as reason or rationality. These terms, however, do not cover the semantic field of Logos since this includes, among other things, order of being, ground, language, argument etc. The juxtaposition of Logos (reason) to myth makes up the matrix of rationalism. Ancient Greek culture, however, was a culture of Logos (reason) as well as of myth and had enough room for forms, gods, and heroes, for science, poetry, and religious festivities. While ancient Greek culture seems to follow the logic of forms, modern European culture follows the logic of things. Plato criticizes myth and, at the same time, he sets out a philosophy of myth. He follows the principle of ‘giving reason’ (logon didonai) about things, as his master Socrates did. He establishes dialogue and defines dialectics as the science of principles and ideas and their relations to the things of this world. Aristotle did not accept Plato’s interpretation of Logos. He considered dialectics only as a theory of argumentation and defined his ‘first philosophy’ or ‘theology’ as the science of highest Being. His program of rationalism is based on ontology and accepts the primordial relation of Logos, life, and order of things. European modernity begins in philosophy with Descartes’ turn to the subject. Descartes defines the main elements of European rationality and their problems. He brings to fore the human subject as the ‘I’ that is free to doubt about everything it can know except itself. Knowledge has to consolidate the power and the mastery of humans over things and nature. Besides, the distinction between soul and body in terms of thinking thing and extended thing does not allow a unique conception of the human. Especially Kant and Hegel attempted to eliminate the impasses of Descartes’ and of Cartesians. While Kant defined freedom as the transcendental idea of reason, Hegel highlighted the reconciliation of spirit and nature. Nowadays there is a confusion regarding rationality. The power of humans over nature and over other humans as nature is increasing. We have lost the measure of our limits. Perhaps we need the ancient Greek grammar of Logos in order to define the measure and the limits of modern European rationality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents the main stages of development and major modifications of the idea of civil society from Greek and Roman antique philosophy to modern researchers. It discusses two – broad (philosophical) and narrow (the third sector of organizing civil society) – perceptions of civil society and proposes corresponding definitions. Etatistic (controlled), liberal, conflicting, partnership, segmentational and linked models of civil society are analyzed. The expediency of linked and partnership models is substantiated from the position of security and harmonious development of the civic society. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years, a growing body of literature has emerged from the intersection of complex systems science and organizational communication. However, due to the incoherence and immaturity of complexity science, this body of research is slightly disorganized. This article explores this research node using a meta-paradigmatic framework to untangle and clarify the different paradigmatic assumptions in the field of organizational communication research that has adopted the complexity science perspective. Our analysis reveals five research clusters that differ from each other in their understanding of what complexity is and in how they define communication. Based on our analysis, we present suggestions for finding common ground and point the way towards a future research agenda in complexity-based research in the areas of organizational communication and human resource development (HRD). In addition, we discuss the implications and possibilities that the complexity perspective can offer for HRD in practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article addresses philosophical discourses (ontology and epistemology), framing researchers' position on topical issues relating to sustainable development, particularly in relation to Sierra Leone. The country is a nation full of memories; that which has brought lasting pain in the minds of people and the use of philosophical concepts has helped to throw light on areas pertaining to the country's scope for achieving its SDGs, while at the same time, engaging with the reality of issues through open discourses. Relevant methodologies have also been addressed with the hope of bringing to the fore ontological discourses required to foster epistemic dialogue for the sustained development of the country as a whole (more so in areas like health calamities and civil crisis the country have battled itself with in the past decade). Relevant recommended points have been proposed as a way of supporting forward thinking discourses in ensuring the country is able to progress well with its planned SDGs targets. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this article, I explore a new reason in favor of precollegiate philosophy: It could help narrow the persistent gender disparity within the discipline. I catalog some of the most widely endorsed explanations for the underrepresentation of women in philosophy and argue that, on each hypothesized explanation, precollegiate philosophy instruction could help improve our discipline's gender balance. Explanations I consider include stereotype threat, gendered philosophical intuitions, inhospitable disciplinary environment, lack of same-sex role models for women students in philosophy, and conflicting 'schemas' for philosophy and femininity. I argue that, insofar as some combination of these hypothesized explanations accounts for some portion of the underrepresentation of women in philosophy, those of us concerned to make things better have reason to participate in and promote efforts to share philosophy with younger students. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Most scholars engaged in ideational analysis agree that the availability of new ideas may cause existing welfare state policies and institutions to alter. This article considers the extent to which the open functional approach and constructivist approaches are able to explain the role of ideas in policy and institutional change. Notwithstanding their contribution to the study of the role of ideas in policy and institutional change, these approaches suffer from some shortcomings as they fail to view ideas as non-stable entities. In order to address these shortcomings, an alternative poststructuralist discourse theoretical explanatory model is presented. Applying this model to the case of the rise and fall of Dutch life course policy, the article shows how a discourse theoretical view of ideas as floating signifiers contributes to the study of the role of ideas in welfare state change. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ian Hacking has defined himself as a philosopher in the analytic tradition. However, he has also recognized the profound influence that Michel Foucault had on much of his work. In this article I analyse the specific imprint of certain works by Foucault—in particularLes mots et les choses—in two of Hacking’s early works:Why Does Language Matter to Philosophy? andThe Emergence of Probability. I propose that these texts not only share a debt of Foucauldian thought, but also are part of what I believe is Hacking’s central project: the analysis of the historical and situated conditions of possibility for the emergence of concepts and of objects, inspired also by the French philosopher’s thought. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

This article asks whether the philosophy of Paul K. Feyerabend can be reasonably classified as postmodernist, a label applied to him by friends and foes alike. After describing some superficial similarities between the style and content of both Feyerabend’s and postmodernist writings, I offer three more robust characterisations of postmodernism in terms of relativism, ‘incredulity to metanarratives’, and ‘depthlessness’. It emerges that none of these characterisations offers a strong justification for classifying Feyerabend as ‘postmodern’ in any significant sense. Indeed, what does emerge is that Feyerabend’s work was fundamentally informed by a humanitarian vision of the value of science that is, in fact, strikinglymodern. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

This study examines the use of enterprise social media ( ESM) for organizational knowledge sharing and shows that professionals face ambiguities because their knowledge sharing behavior is informed by an institutional complexity that consists of 2 dissimilar institutional logics: logics of the profession, and logics of the corporation. Our qualitative case study of an ESM at an IT consultancy organization shows that professionals find ways to manage the ambiguities they experience by engaging the affordances of ESM in such a way as to develop coping practices: connection management, reputation management, and information management. By complementing the affordance perspective with an institutional logics perspective, we are able to advance scholarly understanding on how ESM can facilitate but also frustrate knowledge sharing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Under the current context of crisis, we understand that the sustainable development becomes as an alternative of production system to be adopted, even with his contradictions. The discussions realized consider the idea of interaction between actors from a vision of interdependence between production, marketing and consumption, which in a practical perspective involves several levels that can be related to sustainable consumption. From this dynamic entanglement at different levels, this study aims to comprehend the approach of sustainable consumption from Complexity Theory. For this, assume greater complexity of existing competitors, antagonistic and complementary actions conditions, since it considers the idea of production and consumption 'involved' and related to sustainability. In the form of a theoretical essay, we seek to understand how the joints occur and convergences between the themes, using the principles of complexity as the basis for its construction. Thus, the main contribution of the study involves the development of this bridge between production and consumption, by the recursive interaction between them, from the perspective of complexity theory, which until then had been little considered. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A literary criticism of the book "Past Continuous" by Yaakov Shabtai is presented. It outlines the philosophical discussions, figures, ideas, and the intellectual lives of its characters. It discusses the representational range of tradition. It mentions the ostensible preoccupation with metaphysics and influential interpretation.

The American legal system is often accused of being "too complex." For example, most Americans believe the Tax Code is too complex. But what does that mean, and how would one prove the Tax Code is too complex? Both the descriptive claim that an element of law is complex and the normative claim that it is too complex should be empirically testable hypotheses. Yet, in fact, very little is known about how to measure legal complexity, much less how to monitor and manage it. Legal scholars have begun to employ the science of complex adaptive systems, also known as complexity science, to probe these kinds of descriptive and normative questions about the legal system. This body of work has focused primarily on developing theories of legal complexity and positing reasons for, and ways of, managing it. Legal scholars thus have skipped the hard part-- developing quantitative metrics and methods for measuring and monitoring law's complexity. But the theory of legal complexity will remain stuck in theory until it moves to the empirical phase of study. Thinking about ways of managing legal complexity is pointless if there is no yardstick for deciding how complex the law should be. In short, the theory of legal complexity cannot be put to work without more robust empirical tools for identifying and tracking complexity in legal systems. This Article explores legal complexity at a depth not previously undertaken in legal scholarship. First, the Article orients the discussion by briefly reviewing complexity science scholarship to develop descriptive, prescriptive, and ethical theories of legal complexity. The Article then shifts to the empirical front, identifying potentially useful metrics and methods for studying legal complexity. It draws from complexity science to develop methods that have been or might be applied to measure different features of legal complexity. Next, the Article proposes methods for monitoring legal complexity over time, in particular by conceptualizing what we call Legal Maps--a multi-layered, active representation of the legal system network at work. Finally, the Article concludes with a preliminary examination of how the measurement and monitoring techniques could inform interventions designed to manage legal complexity by using currently available machine learning and user interface design technologies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, I offer evidence that folk views of free will and moral responsibility accord a central place to consciousness. In sections 2 and 3, I contrast action production via conscious states and processes with action in concordance with an agent's long-standing and endorsed motivations, values, and character traits. Results indicate that conscious action production is considered much more important for free will than is concordance with motivations, values, and character traits. In section 4, I contrast the absence of consciousness with the presence of consciousness in behaviorally identical agents. Most participants attribute free will to conscious agents, but not to nonconscious agents. Focusing in particular on two leading views of free will and moral responsibility, namely, Deep Self and Reasons-Responsive Views, I argue that these results present philosophers of mind and action with the following explanatory burden: develop a substantive theory of the connection between consciousness on the one hand and free will and moral responsibility on the other that takes folk views on this connection seriously. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The “expertise defense” is the claim that philosophers have special expertise that allows them to resist the biases suggested by the findings of experimental philosophers. Typically, this defense is backed up by an analogy with expertise in science or other academic fields. Recently, however, studies have begun to suggest that philosophers' intuitions may be just as subject to inappropriate variation as those of the folk. Should we conclude that the expertise defense has been debunked? I'll argue that the analogy with science still motivates a default assumption of philosophical expertise; however, the expertise so motivated is not expertise in intuition, and its existence would not suffice to answer the experimentalist challenge. I'll also suggest that there are deep parallels between the current methodological crisis in philosophy and the decline of introspection-based methods in psychology in the early twentieth century. The comparison can give us insight into the possible future evolution of philosophical methodology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Patrick Collinson's The Reformation (2003) was written for the audience of a new century, where a Christian heritage in which the Reformation necessarily mattered could not be taken as read. This essay explores how Collinson sought to present the Reformation as a single entity, with a Weberian emphasis on Luther as a charismatic intervention in history at its starting point. He establishes a relationship of distance between the Reformation and modernity by incorporating the historiography of the subject into our understanding of it. He also underlines the inner dynamic of relationships between ideas and the cultural and material landscape in which they took root and had meaning. It is not surprising, perhaps, given the focus of his scholarship, that it should emphasize a British exceptionalism. More surprising is how it fails to come to terms with the radical divisiveness, violence and destructiveness of the Reformation experience. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Social epistemology assumes a justification as a realist philosophy in both dealing with cognitive and ontological matters, and providing a profound and refined picture of knowledge and reality. Compared to scientific realism, social epistemology’s advantage consists of grasping the variety of conditions and circumstances influencing the cognitive process. Social epistemology also provides limitations for naturalism in offering a genuine philosophical vision of knowledge and reality. From a social epistemological perspective, extreme forms of defending scientific realism are considered especially relevant as such arguments reveal the ideological ladeness of objectivist argumentation. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

An introduction to the journal is presented in which the editor discusses essays in contested intellectual field and philosophy's objects.

The article offers the author's view on philosophy and forms of objectivity. The author states that philosophy acted as sensor for transformations in understanding of relationship between truth and reality. The author mentions that philosophy was believed to possess unique capacity to make contents the foundation for structuring contents.

The article offers the author's view on the orientation of philosophy. The author states that philosophy is under interrogation that has foregrounded question of object and has claimed to move beyond limitations of correlationism. The author mentions that the object of philosophy is thought to be beyond or outside of correlation to the subject.

An emerging consensus among scholars of Muslim political and social identity suggests that Western Muslims live out an anti-essentialist critique of identity construction. Considering this view, this paper examines a cross-national comparison of British Bangladeshis in London and Spanish Moroccans in Madrid that solicits the perceptions of working-class Muslim men. While the results indeed reaffirm respondents' concomitant relationships to a variety of identity paradigms, interview content demonstrates that subjects' multiplicity is complicated by their desire to meet – not reject – the essentialist standards of belonging to the identity paradigms discursively available to them. Rather than defiantly cherry-picking preferred characteristics of religion, ethnicity and nationality, individuals' responses suggest that they are trying to fulfil perceived standards of authenticity. Such a contention helps explain the prevalence of Western Muslims' expressed and well-documented ‘identity crisis’, suggests the enduring relevance of identity essentialisms, and more broadly, complicates post-modern conceptions of identity formation. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Transnational flows of ideas are examined through consideration of Green parties, Friends of the Earth, and Earth First!, which represent, respectively, the highly institutionalised, the semi-institutionalised and the resolutely non-institutionalised dimensions of environmental activism. The focus is upon English-speaking countries: US, UK and Australia. Particular attention is paid to Australian cases, both as transmitters and recipients of examples. The influence of Australian examples on Europeans has been overstated in the case of Green parties, was negligible in the case of Friends of the Earth, but surprisingly considerable in the case of Earth First!. Non-violent direct action in Australian rainforests influenced Earth First! in both the US and UK. In each case, the flow of influence was mediated by individuals, and outcomes were shaped by the contexts of the recipients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ilya Somin'sDemocracy and Political Ignorancerepresents a missed opportunity to fully examine the implications of public ignorance in modern democracies. Somin persuasively argues that existing levels of public ignorance undermine the main normative accounts of democratic legitimacy, and he demonstrates that neither cognitive shortcuts nor heuristics can provide a quick fix for democracy. However, Somin seeks to find a simple explanation for public ignorance in the conscious, rational choices of voters. He thus commits to the position that voters choose to be ignorant and irrational—and to the simplistic implication that given the right incentives they would choose otherwise. This position is empirically problematic, methodologically flawed, and theoretically redundant. On the more plausible view that ignorance is the inadvertent result of social complexity, it is clear that simply focusing on incentives tells us little about what voters would or would not know under different institutional circumstances. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Causal theories of reference for natural kind terms are widely agreed to play a central role in arguments for the claim that theoretical identity statements such as 'Water is HO' are necessary, if true. However, there is also fairly wide-spread agreement, due to the arguments of Nathan Salmon (in Reference and Essence), that causal theories of reference do not alone establish such essentialism about natural kinds: an independent, non-trivial essentialist premise is also needed. In this paper I will question this latter agreement. I will argue that there is an independently attractive explanation of why such identity statements are metaphysically necessary, if true: an explanation which relies on assumptions about the semantics of natural kind terms, general philosophical assumptions about reference, and straightforward empirical assumptions, but presupposes no non-trivial essentialist premises. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Authenticity has played a central role in modern philosophical discourse, where it has often been interpreted individualistically. But concerns about authenticity also arise in relation to questions of group membership, and become especially pressing in the case of minority and disadvantaged groups. In this essay, I develop an alternative conception of authenticity based upon the intersubjective relation of trust. This relational conception is better equipped to make sense of both individual and collective authenticity, which, I ultimately argue, are two sides of the same coin. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

P. C. Chang was the Chinese delegate in the Commission on Human Rights of the United Nations and one of the most active and influential participants in the writing of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights in the years 1947 and 1948. This article analyzes his contribution to the Universal Declaration and his human rights philosophy. Chang emphasized the universality of human rights and argued for a short, logical, and comprehensible declaration and for a broad understanding of human rights, including social and economic and civil and political rights. Educating people and teaching them sympathy and respect for others was the key for him to realize human rights. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses the collaborative research project "Electronic Maps to Assist Public Science (EMAPS). Topics include theorist Bruno Latour's notion of Controversy Mapping (CM) to observe sociotechnical debates, the graphing of complexity using an atlas, and the use of actor-network diagrams. Also addressed are the roles of legibility and datascape navigation in the practice of CM, the relevance of public engagement to the process, and the use of EMAS to deal with the social cartography of public opinion.

This paper examines the link between political control of government bureaucracies and citizens' likelihood to stage disruptive protests. A public administration heavily controlled by politicians, and staffed to a large extent with political appointees, allows politicians to intervene in policy implementation and favor some groups over others in terms of access to public services. Such a system may induce citizens or civic associations to resort to disruptive actions to express demands and demonstrate political relevance, and thereby secure access to public goods. The effects are hypothesized to be more pronounced where civil society is stronger. We test the arguments empirically on data from 19 countries in Latin America and the Caribbean, and the findings are consistent with the hypotheses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article focuses on the digital self-photographic play of diasporic Korean teen girls who live in a Midwest campus town in the U.S. It discusses the ways in which these girls engage in uncertain photo practices with their authentic Koreaness. These girls plan their own articulation challenging the prevalent notions of planned authenticity, feminism and conventional approaches to multiculturalism. The article mentions the use of self-photography to demonstrate relational connections and global positioning.

Copyright of Economía del Caribe is the property of Fundacion Universidad del Norte and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Praxis Filosófica is the property of Universidad del Valle and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This paper proposes a systematic approach to the study of immigration and art by considering relevant theoretical concepts. We focus on the role of institutions and economic change as forces shaping the expressive alternatives of immigrants and their children. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An essay is presented on speaking honestly about raising a disabled child. The author relates his challenges of writing about his daughter who has Down syndrome. Experiences of people who are raising children with special needs are presented, including caring for a child with alobar holoprosencephaly (HPE) and adoption of children with Down syndrome. The author stresses the need to include grace, dignity and authenticity when writing on the subject of raising a child with special needs.

Commonly, the critical analysis of institutions has focused on investigating how they build and reproduce relationships of domination. However, this seems to be a unilateral perspective. Therefore, taking into consideration the ontology of institutions proposed by Searle from a reconstructive perspective of criticism, this article argues that there is emancipatory potential within the ontological structure of institutions. The emancipatory processes do not necessarily take the form of interrupted or discontinuous institutional changes, but can develop into oppressive institutional complexes. In concrete terms, according to Boltanski, it is argued that excesses of validity and semantic contradictions lay the foundation for criticism of institutions from an institutional complex. Conversely, it is argued that a reconstruction of ratings and capabilities which leads to the emergence of institutional complexes can also provide a basis for criticism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This essay examines several ethical and epistemological issues that arise when philosophers conduct empirical research focused on, or in collaboration with, community groups seeking to bring about systemic change. This type of research can yield important policy lessons about effective community-driven reform and how to incorporate the voices of marginalized citizens in public policy debates. Community-based reform efforts are also particularly ripe for philosophical analysis since they can demonstrate the strengths and shortcomings of democratic and egalitarian ideals. This type of research also raises unique ethical dilemmas that challenge central tenets of research ethics. We focus on two foundational questions: What does informed consent mean in the context of community-based research (CBR) when CBR may dissolve differences between researcher and research participant, and its parameters can be hard to delineate? And what ethical, democratic, and epistemic issues arise when conducting research with and on community groups, given potentially competing commitments to respect the epistemological contributions of all participants while also meeting research norms to warrant findings and conclusions? Our examination has two aspects: we grapple with these issues through examples from our work to reveal their significance in our own philosophic practice, and more broadly, to reveal their significance as problems within traditional research ethics. We believe that this approach will demonstrate the utility of philosophic engagement with dilemmas in research ethics as a reflective matter, and in the course of empirical research itself. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The project we highlight in this article stems from our philosophical work on moral disagreements that appear to be-and sometimes are-intractable. Deliberative democratic theorists tout the merits of dialogue as an effective way to bridge differences of values and opinion, ideally resulting in agreement, or perhaps more often resulting in greater mutual understanding. Could dialogue mitigate disagreements about a controversial education policy such as affirmative action? Could it foster greater understanding? We conceived of a project that would simultaneously fulfill two goals that we had as philosophers, education researchers, and aspiring public intellectuals. First, it would allow us to use philosophy in research, grounding our mixed methods research in a philosophically informed framework. The tools and analytic techniques that are particular to philosophers felt uniquely suited for an empirical study concerning political theory. Second, we aimed to use philosophy in the community. We were able to put our own expertise in philosophy and race-conscious education policy to good use by purposefully creating opportunities for diverse community members in our larger metropolitan area to engage in dialogue and deliberation with each other over the issue of affirmative action. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There are two aspects of the hermeneutic: the receptive and the creative. In this article, first of all, I shall identify the strengths of these two aspects of the hermeneutic in the main development of hermeneutics in Western world. Heidegger and Gadamer take ontological receptivity as the source of the meaning of existence as well as the meaningfulness of texts. In my view such a form of receptivity has shaped the predominant paradigm of hermeneutic thinking in contemporary Europe or West. Therefore, I move to the creative formation and positive projection of a transformative cosmological philosophy, namely the Yijing《易經》philosophy in Chinese tradition. In these two contrasts we shall not only notice the strong divergence between the two paradigms but come to see how receptivity and creativity of the hermeneutic could be divergently identified and located in concrete understanding of nature of reality and nature of the human being. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This is the third in a series of articles that correlates Kant's architectonic with the Yijing's sixty-four hexagrams ( gua 卦). Previous articles explained 'architectonic' reasoning, introduced four levels of the 'Compound Yijing,' consisting of 0 + 4 + 12 + (4 × 12 = 48) gua, and suggested correlating the fourth level's four sets of twelve to the four 'faculties' in Kant's model of the university. This third paper examines the philosophy faculty, assessing whether the twelve proposed gua meaningfully correlate with twelve basic philosophical concepts that Kant introduces in his three Critiques. A key difference emerges: Kant's architectonic method aims to produce synthetic a priori knowledge, while the Yijing's architectonic method aims to produce analytic a posteriori belief. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article argues for a definition of public philosophy inspired by John Dewey's understanding of the "supreme intellectual obligation." The first section examines five strong reasons why more public philosophy is needed and why the growing movement in public philosophy should be encouraged. The second section begins with a review of common understandings of public philosophy as well as some initial challenges that call for widening our conception of the practice. Then, it applies Dewey's argument in "The Supreme Intellectual Obligation" to public philosophy, which must not be seen simply as a one-way street from intellectuals to the masses but, rather, as the task of fostering the scientific attitude and intellectual habits of mind in all citizens. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lemko identity in Poland is contested in a number of contexts, including social, linguistic and political domains, among others. The members of this minority have to learn to negotiate multiple identities, not only from an in-group perspective but also in interactions with the majority community in Poland. This paper examines how the Lemkos attempt to do this, with varying degrees of success, and the tensions which arise as a result. In particular, a Lemko identity is examined from the perspective of ideologies of language in order to draw out the major themes which are apparent in this re-emergent minority. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

ABSTRACT While authenticity has received considerable attention in the marketing literature, the factors that influence the perceived authenticity of a celebrity's 'human brand' have remained unexplored. This research fills this void by identifying the antecedents of celebrity authenticity, defined as the perception that a celebrity behaves according to his or her true self. Based on a qualitative analysis of an open-ended survey completed by 218 adults and on previous authenticity literature and attribution theory, the authors propose two antecedents of celebrity authenticity-rarity and stability-that are each composed of three sub-dimensions. Analyses of cross-sectional survey data from a sample of 428 adults provide support for the hypotheses that stability and rarity positively influence celebrity authenticity. Additionally, based on aging stability theory, the authors predict and demonstrate that the effects of rarity and stability on celebrity authenticity are moderated by age. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Méditerranée Infection Foundation's primary goal is supporting a research hospital for the treatment of infectious diseases in Marseille. The main objective of this innovative center is to understand the mechanisms of contagion and face them. The Foundation will include a committee on moral philosophy that will accompany and supervise biomedical research. This is not a conventional ethics committee, frequently giving rise to a board's bureaucratic excesses, which might slow down creative biomedical clinical research without necessarily restricting abuses. Moral philosophy, however, can handle contemporary biomedical issues. In all its diversity, this discipline is able to enrich the debate on medical issues, thanks to many philosophical currents such as deontological ethics and consequentialism. The purpose of this committee is therefore to advance reflection on the bioethical issues encountered in biomedical research in infectious diseases, while respecting the precepts of moral philosophy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Current paper relates two views on social reality, each one considered within its specific historical period. The first, from the XVIII century, is presented by Montesquieu (1721), in Cartas Persas, and the second, presented by Pondé (2012) in Guia Politicamente Incorreto da filosofia. Four themes were selected: courage, hypocrisy, female and male relationships and intellectual vanity. Parts Letters I to LII by Montesquieu were selected in which ironical views of reality were detected. The choice of the first third part of Cartas Persas was made by the first experiences of the interlocutor with the other culture, specifically, the French society of the XVIII century. The presentation of the Letters, however, is not linear, but correspondent to the themes selected for this research. It may be observed that both sources, imbued with ironical literary resources, contribute towards an understanding of societies, the French one in the XVIII century and Brazilian society in the XXI century. Underlying ironical language, the two authors try to uncover society's hypocrisy and demonstrate the need of a profound respect, and not a politically correct respect, among individuals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Human Social Systems (HSS) are complex systems. One of the best ways to organize complex systems is by means of their self-organization, since the latter has proven to be an optimal producer of order in this type of systems, regardless of their nature: physical, biological or social. This concept emerged due to developments in the sciences of complexity, in which life has been understood as the most complex system that exists, and that does not require of central or external control in order to produce organized patterns. Life's order stems from the self-organization of its internal and external dynamics and interactions. This fact serves to question the use of centralized control mechanisms when organizing human social systems, and underwrites a critique of pyramidal structures and control hierarchies in classical political regimes from the standpoint of the sciences of complexity. The paper argues that human social systems are complex systems; hence, the best way of organizing them is by letting them self-organize, instead of imposing - in a top-down manner, or from the outside -- control by means of political regimes with hierarchical, pyramidal, or vertical structures. The paper explores this idea with a focus on political theory. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article will focus on reconceptualizing philosophical activity from a practical perspective of reason. It will question the territory in which philosophy stands today and the limits that this space exhibits for a renewal of a philosophical practice that wishes to transcend these limits. It will take into consideration the role of the university in society in order to understand the position or the place that institutionalized knowledge have in the neoliberal capitalist order, the impact of cybernetics in the productive structure of the regime and the ever increasing emphasis of a cybernetic control of the population as a central operation of this regime. These reflections take into consideration that philosophy always happens in situation and not in the abstract; like a sort of conversation with that which surrounds it. In other words, it happens in the space that the philosopher shares with other bodies and their practices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]