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BACKGROUND: Taking results of AVAglio (Chinot et al., 2014), BRAIN study (Friedman et al., 2009) and JO22506 (Nagane et al., 2012), bevacizumab (BEV) had been approved for the treatment of newly diagnosed and recurrent malignant glioma. In addition, there are some trials using BEV for symptomatic cerebral radiation necrosis (RN, Levin et al., 2011) and other brain tumor (e.g. meningioma) patients. METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed 10 cases (median age: 59.5 [range 26-69]) of cerebral lesion occurred after irradiation. By the combination of diagnostic imaging (MRI and PET) and clinical course, they were diagnosed as RN. Primary irradiated lesions were as below: 5-case of metastatic brain tumor, 2-case of meningioma and 3-case of other primary head and neck tumor. These patients were administered six cycles of 5 mg/kg bevacizumab every two weeks. RESULTS: In 7 cases, planned 6-cycles of BEV had been finished. In 3 of these 7 cases, wound complication or (extracranial) hemorrhage was clinically treated. In another 3 cases, BEV were ceased: disease progression, fetal hemorrhagic complication and deterioration of performance status respectively. After the BEV treatment, 3 cases were diagnosed as tumor recurrence by surgical resection of treated lesions. DISCUSSION: Diagnosis of RN is so difficult; we must pay attention to possibility of tumor recurrence. On the other hand, BEV could improve clinically and radiologically cerebral edema induced by RN and tumor progression. We had better consider application of BEV to post-irradiated cerebral lesion, case by case.

We present transport properties of various fullerene nanopeapods used as channels of field effect transistors (FET). C 6 0 and C 7 8 fullerenes and Gd@C 8 2 and Dy@C 8 2 metallofullerenes peapods FET show both p- and n-type ambipolar behavior. In case of C 9 0 -peapods, all devices have shown so far metallic properties. These novel electronic properties of the peapods can be explained by the so-called band-gap modulation originated from the encaging fullerenes and metallofullerenes in nanotubes.

Proteinase A, excreted from yeast cells into beer during fermentation in the brewing process, has been shown to degrade foam-active proteins and to decrease foam stability. In order to improve the measurement of this enzyme in beer, a new fluorescent peptide, MOCAc-Ala-Pro-Ala-Lys-Phe-Phe-Arg-Leu-Lys (Dnp)-NH 2 , was synthesised and applied to the accurate and rapid estimation of proteinase A in commercial beer and fermenting wort. This novel substrate is several hundred times more sensitive to proteinase A than other previously reported synthetic substrates or native protein substrates. The concentration of proteinase A in beer is closely related to foam stability and proteinase A activity was found to increase gradually during fermentation. The concentration of proteinase A excreted from yeast cells is also closely related to the vitality of pitching yeast cells. This new method was successfully applied to the evaluation of yeast vitality and the development of optimum yeast handling procedures.

Thermal stability of a uni-size platinum cluster disk, Pt30, constructed on a silicon (111) surface was investigated in a temperature range from room temperature to 773 K by means of a scanning tunneling microscope (STM). The apparent height and diameter and the number density of the cluster disks were obtained from the STM images as a function of the heating temperature. According to the statistical analysis of these specific values, it has been concluded that both the cluster disk and the neighboring substrate surface are stable up to 673 K, then they start being decomposed at the higher temperatures.

Endometrial carcinoma (EC) is classified into two types: type 1 (endometrioid type) and type 2 (non-endometrioid type). Type 1 endometrioid adenocarcinoma (EA) has been generally considered a single disease entity and was developed from endometrial hyperplasia as a precursor lesion. Recently we identified two distinct subgroups in type 1 EA; groups 1 and 2 as tumors with and without endometrial hyperplasia, respectively. The purpose of this study is to identify genes involved those differentially expressed by groups 1 and 2 EA. Genomic analyses including transcriptome and exome sequencing and immunohistochemistry were performed. For the validation, these data were projected to the TCGA (The Cancer Genome Atlas Research Network) data. In the results of transcriptome, group 1 and 2 EAs identified differential regulation of multiple genes and pathways. As an example, estrogen receptor (ER) related pathways were up-regulated in group 1 EA. Immunohistochemical analyses further confirmed overexpression of ER and PgR in the protein level. In the result of exome sequencing, mutation was observed more frequently in group 2 and sixteen driver genes were more frequently mutated in group 2. Citation Format: Yuko Sugiyama, Nobuyuki Fukui, Osamu Gotoh, Katsuhiko Hasumi, Yutaka Takazawa, Tetsuo Noda, Seiichi Mori. Genomic analyses reveal two distinct biologic entities of endometrial endometrioid carcinoma. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 107th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2016 Apr 16-20; New Orleans, LA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(14 Suppl):Abstract nr 3184.

Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is produced by yeast during fermentation and is known as one of the young flavors of beer. The MET25 gene product [i.e., O-acetylhomoserine (OAH), O-acetylserine (OAS) sulfhy...

One of the major limiting factors in high-gravity brewing is a fermentation delay caused by glucose repression of maltose assimilation. The maltose assimilation is controlled by a MAL locus, which ...

In our previous paper (Fukui et al., 2010), we have shown that the Jackiw-Nohl-Rebbi two-instanton generates a circular loop of magnetic monopole in the four-dimensional Euclidean SU(2) Yang-Mills theory. On the other hand, it is claimed in Brower, Orginos and Tan (1997) that the 't Hooft two-instanton does not generate magnetic monopole loop. It seems that two results are inconsistent with each other, since the JNR two-instanton converges to the 't Hooft two-instanton in a certain limit. In this paper, we clarify that two results are compatible with each other by demonstrating how the magnetic monopole loop generated from the JNR two-instanton deforms in the process of taking the 't Hooft two-instanton limit., 4pages, 2 figures, minor changes

We show that a Jackiw-Nohl-Rebbi solution, as the most general two-instanton, generates a circular loop of magnetic monopole in four-dimensional Euclidean SU(2) Yang-Mills theory., 3 pages, 2 figure; to be published in the proceedings of "BARYONS'10", Dec. 7-11, 2010, Osaka, Japan

We demonstrate that a Jackiw-Nohl-Rebbi solution as the most general two-instanton generates a circular loop of magnetic monopole in four-dimensional Euclidean SU(2) Yang-Mills theory, in contrast to the one-instanton solution in the regular gauge for which no such magnetic monopole loops exist. These results together with our previous result indicate that two-instanton solution and two-meron solution with the same asymptotic behavior in the long distance are responsible for quark confinement based on the dual superconductivity picture., Comment: 11 pages, 3 figures

We examined the fruit species eaten by crows Corvus corone & C. macrorhynchos by analysing the faeces and probably regurgitated seeds collected at the pre-roosting sites in winter. Of the seeds identified, ca. 66% were seeds of dry fruits consisted of almost all the smacs Rhus spp. in the samples. The smacs include plenty of fat in the pulp. Its nutrition value seems very high under shortage of animal foods in winter. This is the reason why crows are especially fond of smacs.

Long-range quasiperiodic patterns are found in scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) images of double-walled carbon nanotubes (DWNTs) on top of the atomic images of six-membered carbon rings of the outer tubes. By comparing the results of first-principles calculations on model DWNTs, we conclude that they are moir\'e patterns showing local modulations of electronic states due to the interlayer interactions between the outer and inner tubes. We also demonstrate that these moir\'e patterns can be used to assign the chiral vector of the inner tube of a DWNT which is usually inaccessible by STM.

Most of the ester compounds found in beer are produced by yeast during fermentation. They contribute significantly to beer flavor. Therefore, the control of their formation is very important to mai...

We give an analytical solution representing circular magnetic monopole loops joining a pair of merons in the four-dimensional Euclidean SU(2) Yang-Mills theory. This is achieved by solving the differential equation for the adjoint color (magnetic monopole) field in the two--meron background field within the recently developed reformulation of the Yang-Mills theory. Our analytical solution corresponds to the numerical solution found by Montero and Negele on a lattice. This result strongly suggests that a meron pair is the most relevant quark confiner in the original Yang-Mills theory, as Callan, Dashen and Gross suggested long ago., 29 (cover + 28) pages, 3 figures; references are added, minor changes, version accepted for publication in Physical Review D

We report a case of hypertension, hypokalemia, and amenorrhea accompanying an adrenocortical carcinoma. A 27-year-old woman was admitted to our hospital because of a left adrenal incidentaloma. She presented with hypertension, hypokalemia, and amenorrhea; her plasma renin activity was low, but her plasma aldosterone concentration was normal, as were cortisol and androgens. By contrast, her serum concentrations of deoxycorticosterone (DOC), 18-hydroxydeoxycorticosterone, and progesterone were high, and her urinary steroid profile showed elevated secretion of 17-deoxysteroids and 11-deoxysteroids (progesterone, DOC, 11-dehydrocorticosterone, and 11-deoxycortisol), and 3beta-hydroxy 5-en steroids (pregnenolone, 17-hydroxypregnenolone, and DHEA). Decreased ratios of metabolites of (1) 17-OHpregnenolone to pregnenolone and 17-OHprogesterone to progesterone, (2) corticosterone to DOC and cortisol to 11-deoxycortisol, and (3) progesterone to pregnenolone, 17-OHprogesterone to 17-OHpregnenolone and androstenedione to DHEA suggested the impairment of 17alpha-hydroxylase, 11beta-hydroxylase, and 3beta-HSD activities, respectively. After the tumor was removed, levels of all adrenal steroids were normalized. Based on the Weiss criteria, the tumor was diagnosed as an adrenocortical carcinoma, and immunohistochemical analysis of steroidogenic enzymes revealed disorganized steroidogenesis in the tumor tissue. With adrenocortical carcinomas, heterogeneity of individual steroid producing enzymes within tumor cells can lead to hypersecretion of various steroid intermediates, even when steroid end products are within the normal range.

We report pulsed-jet deposition of single-wall and double-wall carbon nanotubes (SWNTs and DWNTs; CNTs) onto a clean Cu(111) surface and their scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) observations under ultra-high vacuum (UHV). The clean Cu(111) surface prepared by a repeated Ar-sputtering and annealing is introduced into a load-lock chamber kept at a 10(-5)-Pa range vacuum, and the CNTs dispersed in a chloroform solution by ultrasonication are pulse-injected onto the surface. Since the substrate is annealed at 700 K to remove the residual solvent molecules, high resolution lattice images of the CNTs are successfully observed by STM. High-resolution chirality-resolved images of the two SWNTs with a metal cluster are also observed, supporting the well accepted growth mechanism of the CNTs from the metal-catalyst cluster. The present pulsed-jet deposition in high-vacuum is superior to the conventional spin-coating or drop-coating techniques for preparing clean and well-defined CNTs on clean surfaces for high-resolution and contamination-free UHV-STM observation.

The experimental creation and annihilation of defects on single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNT) with the tip of a scanning tunneling microscope are reported. The technique used to manipulate the wall structure of a nanotube at the atomic scale consists of a voltage ramp applied at constant tunneling current between the tip and the nanotube adsorbed on a gold substrate. While topographic images show an interference pattern at the defect position, spatially resolved tunneling spectroscopy reveals the presence of localized states in the band gap of the nanotube. Removal of the defect by the same procedure demonstrates the reversibility of the process. Such a precise control in the local modification of the nanotube wall opens up new opportunities to tailor SWCNT electronic properties at will.

The bis(alpha-D-mannopyranosyl)-[60]fullerene conjugate 3 was prepared by thermal coupling of C60 and either 2-azidoethyl 2,3,4,6-tetra-O-acetyl- or 2,3;4,6-di-O-isopropylidene-alpha-D-mannopyranoside (Scheme). Compound 3 was found to readily self-assemble. Dynamic-light-scattering (DLS) and atomic-force microscopy (AFM) experiments supported that the amphiphilic compound gives rise to nano-sized supramolecular structures during sugar deprotection (Ac-group removal) performed in MeOH/CH2Cl2 solution. Encapsulation studies with an aqueous suspension of 3 showed that the self-assembling structure envelopes Ba2+ and the fluorescent dye Acridine Red during its formation, which indicates that it resembles a bilayer vesicle or an unadulterated liposome with an inner hollow space. In addition to this notable property, the unique molecular geometry of the spatially arranged mannosyl surface residues of 3 gives rise to strong binding of the carbohydrate-recognizing lectin Con A. Hence, the polar amphiphilic end of 3 mimics the structure of 3,6-branched tri-alpha-D-mannoside (6; Fig. 3), a natural ligand of the Con A protein.

The Saccharomyces cerevisiae Put4 permease is significant for the transport of proline, alanine, and glycine. Put4p downregulation is counteracted by npi1 mutation that affects the cellular ubiquitination function. Here we describe mutant Put4 permeases, in which up to nine lysine residues in the cytoplasmic N-terminal domain have been replaced by arginine. The steady-state protein level of the mutant permease Put4-20p (Lys9, Lys34, Lys35, Lys60, Lys68, Lys71, Lys93, Lys105, Lys107 --Arg) was largely higher compared to that of the wild-type Put4p, indicating that the N-terminal lysines can undergo ubiquitination and the subsequent degradation steps. Proline is the only amino acid that yeast assimilates with difficulty under standard brewing conditions. A lager yeast strain provided with Put4-20p was able to assimilate proline efficiently during beer fermentations. These results suggest possible industrial applications of the mutant Put4 permeases in improved fermentation systems for beer and other alcoholic beverages based on proline-rich fermentable sources.

I observed that two Carrion Crows Corvus corone ate the buds of a cinnamon tree Cinnamomum camphora in Japan. This seems the first observation of cinnamon bud feeding by the Carrion Crow.

An apparatus has been developed for measuring catalytic activities of uni-atomic-composition bi-element clusters supported on a solid substrate. The cluster sample is prepared by irradiating a cluster-ion beam having the uni-atomic composition onto the substrate on a soft-landing condition in an ultra-high vacuum. The catalytic activity is measured by temperature-programmed desorption (TPD) mass analysis. Molecules at a density as low as

The first T(d)-symmetric lutetium metallofullerene, Lu(2)@C(76), has been synthesized, isolated, and characterized. Because of the charge transfer from the encapsulated Lu atoms to the T(d)-C(76) fullerene cage, the otherwise unstable T(d)-C(76) fullerene can be significantly stabilized as a Lu(2)@C(76) fullerene. Both STM and STS results are consistent with a charge state of (Lu(2))(6+)@C(76)(6-)(T(d)).

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Electrophysiological studies were performed to see the effects of lidocaine on the conduction system, particularly sinus node and atrium in 40 patients of SSS, using HBE recordings, rapid atrial pacing and atrial extrastimulus technique. Sinus cycle length, PA (P'A), AH, HV intervals, calculated SACT, and refractory periods of atrium, AV node and His-Purkinje system did not change after lidocaine. Only maximum CSRT was significantly increased with lidocaine. These results were not affected by pretreatment of atropine. In conclusion, the combining rapid atrial pacing with lidocaine may be useful to manifest the masked sinus node abnormalities. It was suggested that lidocaine directly depressed sinus node automaticity in SSS patients, without affecting perinodal tissue. Therefore, lidocaine should be used with caution in patients with known or suspected SSS.