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In this work, we propose and describe a novel diatom species, Fistulifera alcalina sp. nov., isolated from Port Mayaca on Lake Okeechobee, Florida (USA). This new diatom species represents a distin...

The diatoms are widespread organisms that occurred in various environments like soil, marine, freshwater, and even in extreme conditions. Taleqhan River is one of the main tributaries of Sepid Roud, the second longest river in Iran with approximately 670 km length. During the sampling from eight stations in the Taleghan River and Dam, Pinnularia lundii var. linearis Krammer was identified as a new record for diatoms flora of Iran. Given the importance of Pinnularia genus as an indicator of pollution, it was discussed together with Pinnularia brebissonii (Kutz.) Krammer in this paper. This study was performed during November 2017 to October 2018 on the sediments monthly in the North of Iran. The most characteristic morphological features were the valve outline, density of striae, hexagonal-shaped central area, non-deflected proximal raphe endings and capitated apices. The most similar species to this taxon are P. subanglica Petersen and Pinnularia biceps Gregory. They have deflected proximal raphe ending, unlike Pinnularia lundii var. linearis.

In recent years the taxonomy of Haslea has been in flux. We describe several Haslea taxa from Guam, including four new species, in light of these recent findings. Four delicate, fusiform Haslea spe...

During a survey of benthic diatoms from the Bulgarian Black Sea coast near the historic town of Sozopol, we found a high diversity of Amphora sensu lato taxa at a single site and on a single type of artificial substratum. A total of 40 taxa from the current genera Amphora, Halamphora, Seminavis and Tetramphora were recognized during light microscopy (LM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) observations. We were able to identify with a high degree of certainty only 6 taxa based on the literature, whereas for 19 taxa (or almost 50% of all taxa) we could not find even sufficiently similar species, and they remained unidentified to species level. Many of the species had small valve dimensions. The paper presents all taxa with short morphometric data and microphotographs under LM and SEM, where possible. All taxa are discussed and compared with similar known taxa. The illustrative materials in earlier works from the Black Sea and species descriptions, where such were available, were also consulted. Diversity of Amphora sensu lato in the Black Sea coastal waters seems to be underestimated, whereas some of the past records are uncertain. A discussion on the current state of knowledge of Amphora sensu lato species from the Black Sea is given.

figs 2A–C & 8D: Amphora cf. proteus W.Gregory Morphometric data:— L: 40.7–52.5 µm; W: 8.5–9.8 µm; DS: 11–13; VS: 10–12 (n=5). Notes:— These valves do not fit entirely A. proteus since they usually have a single elongated areola on the ventral side, and not two rows of areolae as in A. proteus (Schoeman & Archibald 1986, Levkov 2009), although a very short second row could be present (figs 2B–C), as in some of the valves of A. proteus in Levkov (2009, Pl. 248: 6). Valves are also slightly smaller than those of the original A. proteus (length> 50 µm, width> 9 µm, Schoeman & Archibald 1986, Levkov 2009). However, the only valve we were able to find under SEM (fig. 8D) showed the presence of dimple-like depressions internally near the elongated central nodule, as in A. proteus (Levkov 2009, Pl. 248: 6). Another similar taxon in both dimensions and striation pattern, A. proteoides f. varians Proshkina-Lavrenko, was described from the Black Sea (Proshkina-Lavrenko 1963). Unfortunately, it is only known from her description and drawings (Proshkina-Lavrenko 1963, Pl. IX: 1–4), presenting insufficient details for species separation nowadays., Published as part of Zidarova, Ralitsa, Ivanov, Plamen, Hristova, Ognyana, Dzhurova, Boryana & Hineva, Elitsa, 2022, The unexpected diversity in Amphora sensu lato (Bacillariophyta) at Sozopol Bay, the western Black Sea, pp. 103-127 in Phytotaxa 544 (2) on page 106, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.544.2.1, http://zenodo.org/record/6503793, {"references":["Schoeman, F. R. & Archibald, R. E. M. (1986) Observations on Amphora species (Bacillariophyceae) in the British Museum (Natural History). V. Some species from the subgenus Amphora. Journal of South African Botany 52: 425 - 437. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / S 0254 - 6299 (16) 31507 - 1","Levkov, Z. (2009) Amphora sensu lato. Diatoms of Europe 5: 1 - 916.","Proshkina-Lavrenko, A. I. (1963) Diatoms from the Black Sea benthos. Akademii Nauk USSR, Moscow-Leningrad, 243 pp. [in Russian]"]}

Navicula fuxianturriformis Y.-L. Li, J.-S. Guo & Kociolek, sp. nov. (Figs 1–19) LM (Figs 1–13): Valves lanceolate with cuneate to apiculate apices, nearly symmetrical about the apical axis, with a moderately inflated central portion gradually tapering to the ends. Length 33.5–47.0 µm, width 10.5–12.0 μm, length/width ratio 3.2–3.8, median 3.5 (n = 30). Raphe filiform to slightly lateral. External central raphe ends expanded, appearing as tear drop-like central pores. External terminal raphe fissures short. Axial area narrow-linear, not or slightly expanded proximally. Central area weekly expanded transapically, barely symmetrical, oval-elliptical, with two to five pairs of irregularly shortened striae proximally. Striae nearly parallel at the poles, becoming slightly radiate towards the valve centre, 9–12 in 10 μm. Areolae visible, 36–40 in 10 μm. SEM: Valve exterior (Figs 14–16): the central raphe ends almost straight with simple drop-like, expanded central pores (Fig. 16). The terminal fissures appear undulate, hooked in opposite directions from one another (Figs 14–15). Striae uniseriate (Figs 14–15). Areolae mostly slit-like, partly round-rectangular around central area (Figs 15–16). Areolae may contain small occlusions (Fig. 16). Valve interior (Figs 17–19): striae uniseriate, formed by round to rectangular areolae, separated by robust silica ribs (Figs 18–19). Terminal raphe ends offset slightly and terminate in small, knob-like helictoglossae (Fig. 18). Helictoglossae terminate on a small, inwardly projected platform at each apex. Apical areolae rectangular, arranged horizontally and raphe-sternum slightly elevated above the rest of valve (Fig. 19). Type:— CHINA. Yunnan Province: Fuxian Lake, FXH1, 24°24.870′ N, 102°50.590′ E, elevation 1720 m asl., samples collected by Prof. Yan-Ling Li, 28th March 2005. Holotype FXH200532801 in surficial sediments. Yan-Ling Li, Yunnan University, Kunming, China. Figure 4 is of the holotype. Etymology:— Specific epithet is compound name referring to the relation of this species to N. turriformis and its type locality in Lake Fuxian. Ecology:— Navicula fuxianturriformis is known from the surficial sediments, situated at 1720 m a.s.l. At this site, diatom assemblages were dominated by Cyclotella krammeri Håkansson (1990: 261–271), Stephanodiscus hantzschii Grunow (in Cleve et Grunow 1880: 121), Fragilaria crotonensis Kitton (1869: 109–110), Cyclotella rhomboideo - elliptica Skuja (1937: 1–106), Aulacoseira granulata (Ehrenberg) Simonsen (1979: 9–71), Stephanodiscus minutulus (Kützing) Cleve et Möller (1882: 277–324), and several at present unidentified species of Achnanthes Bory de St. - Vincent (1822b) and Amphora Ehrenberg ex Kützing (Kützing 1844: 152)., Published as part of Zhang, Yu, Guo, Ji-Shu, Kociolek, John Patrick & Li, Yan-Ling, 2022, Navicula fuxianturriformis sp. nov. (Bacillariophyceae), a new species from southwest China, pp. 141-152 in Phytotaxa 541 (2) on pages 143-144, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.541.2.4, http://zenodo.org/record/6388702, {"references":["Hakansson, H. (1990) A comparison of Cyclotella krammeri sp. nov. and C. schumannii Hakansson stat. nov. with similar species. Diatom Research 5 (2): 261 - 271. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 0269249 X. 1990.9705118","Cleve, P. T. & Grunow, A. (1880) Beitrage zur Kenntniss der Arktischen Diatomeen. Kongliga Svenska-Vetenskaps Akademiens Handlingar 17 (2): 1 - 121.","Kitton, F. (1869) Notes on New York diatoms with description of a new species Fragilaria crotonensis. Hardwicke's Science-Gossip 5: 109 - 110.","Skuja, H. (1937) Algae. In: Handel-Mazzetti, H. (Ed.) Symbolae Sinicae - Botanische Ergebnisse der Expedition der Akademie der Wissenschaften in Wien nach Sudwest-China 1914 / 1918. J. Springer, Wien, pp. 1 - 106.","Simonsen, R. (1979) The diatom system: ideas on phylogeny. Bacillaria 2: 9 - 71.","Cleve, P. T. & Moller, J. D. (1882) Diatoms. Esatas Edquists Boktryckeri, Upsala. part VI: 277 - 324.","Kutzing, F. T. (1844) Die Kieselschaligen. Bacillarien oder Diatomeen, Nordhausen, 152 pp, 30 pls. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 64360"]}

Chamaepinnularia salina Beauger, C.E.Wetzel, Allain & Ector sp. nov. (Figs 2–40) Light microscopy observations (Figs 2–28): Valves linear with almost parallel margins (the longest individuals slightly inflated in the middle). Broadly rounded to slightly rostrate–capitate apices (Figs 2–28). Valve dimensions (n = 35): length 7–16 µm, width 2–3.2 µm. Axial area lanceolate, central area rectangular, forming a rather broad fascia. Striae parallel to weakly radiate near the central area, 30–40 in 10 µm. Scanning electron microscopy observations (Figs 29–40): Raphe straight (exceptionally slightly curved in the middle), filiform located on an elevated sternum and central area a rectangular fascia (Figs 29–35). Axial area narrow. Virgae between striae developed (Fig. 36). Raphe with straight, slightly expanded central endings and terminal fissures hooked in the same direction, continuing onto the mantle. Central endings expanded, drop-like (Fig. 29). Striae composed of two large areolae, one located on the valve face and a second on the mantle, separated by a silica line at the valve face/mantle junction, covered externally by porous hymenes, visible also internally (Figs 36–39). Striae sometimes slightly depressed (Figs 36–37). Around the valve apices, areolae on the mantle continuous externally and internally (Figs 38–39). Internally, terminal fissures slightly deflected, terminating in a slightly swollen hyaline area (Fig. 39). Type: — FRANCE. Mirefleurs: Sail spring, sample S10_BA_ 201214, 334 m a.s.l., E716182.68, N6509572.63 (Lambert 93), collection date 20 December 2014 (designated here, holotype: CLF!, slide no. CLF103304, here depicted in Figs 7–8; isotypes: BR! slide no. 4649). Etymology: — The new species is named after the mineral and salty spring where it was discovered, Sail spring, situated in the French Massif Central. Associated diatom taxa: — The type population of Chamaepinnularia salina was found in Sail spring associated with other taxa. In December 2014, the two co-dominant taxa were Planothidium frequentissimum (Lange-Bertalot 1993: 4) Lange-Bertalot (1999: 282) (31.6%) and Chamaepinnularia salina (13.2 %). Crenotia thermalis (Rabenhorst 1864: 107) Wojtal (2013: 81) represented 9.4 % of the community with Navicula veneta Kützing (1844: 95) (9.1%), Navicula sanctamargaritae (5.1%), Microcostatus sp. (4.6%), Nitzschia cf. liebetruthii (3.8 %), Gomphonema parvulum Kützing (1849: 65) (3.8 %), Pinnularia kuetzingii Krammer (1992: 104, 173) (3.8%), Nitzschia vitrea G. Norman (1861: 7) (2.3 %), S urirella brebissonii Krammer & Lange-Bertalot (1987: 82) (2.0 %), Nitzschia inconspicua Grunow (1862: 579, 580) (1.3 %). The other taxa (Fallacia pygmaea (Kützing 1849: 77) Stickle & D.G.Mann in Round et al. (1990: 668), Fragilaria famelica (Kützing 1844: 64) Lange-Bertalot (1980: 749), Nitzschia soratensis E.Morales & M.L.Vis (2007: 128), Sellaphora labernardierei and lastly Pseudostaurosira sp. Physical and chemical environment of the species: — The Sail spring has a slightly acidic pH (6.8) and an elevated electrical conductivity (EC) level (more than 5000 μS cm-1). Water temperature is not high, in the range of 12.9 to 16.6°C for our measurements. The spring is rich in several major elements e.g. sodium, calcium and, the concentration in nitrate is lower less than 10 mg L- 1 (Table 1). High trace elements concentrations such as boron, strontium, barium, manganese and arsenic are found in the 2018 sample (Table 2). In October 2019, physical parameters and ionic concentrations are significantly different than the other periods of sampling, e.g. electrical conductivity, usually about 7600 µS. cm-1, has dropped to 5390 µS. cm-1 and chloride content has divided by two. The Sail spring displays a very peculiar pattern regarding radioactivity: radon concentration in water varies significantly along the year and can reach significant levels up to 1000 Becquerels per liter. Indeed, the equivalent doses recorded (in nanoSieverts per hour) were on average 150 nSv h-1 and 270 nSv h-1 when measuring at 1-meter height above the spring and at the water level respectively. These values are in agreement with the mean background values of Auvergne region (150–200 nSv h-1) without indicating any significant radioactive signature. The water sample collected for gamma-spectroscopy measurements showed a significant Radon activity of 1006.1 ± 1.6 Bq L- 1. Chamaepinnularia salina was also present in each sample taken in 11 other springs of the French Massif Central (Figs 41–44; 45). In these springs, the relative abundance of C. salina varied between 0.2% (one individual in Zagat and Tete de Lion springs) and 50.6% (Camuse spring). All the springs were characterized by high conductivity (between 1464 µS. cm-1 and 7240 µS. cm-1) and by high sodium and potassium contents (Fig. 45). Major anions are bicarbonates except for the Poix spring enriched in sulphate. For Camuse spring, where rock was brushed, C. salina was dominant (50.6%) associated with Humidophila gallica (W. Smith 1857: 11) R.L.Lowe, Kociolek, Q.You, Q.Wang & Stepanek (2017: 281) (30.8%). For Camuse spring, EC was less than 5000 μS cm-1 and ionic concentrations were lower than in Sail spring. When collecting diatoms on mud, in November 2018, in Sail spring, only two individuals were observed and in October 2019, seven individuals were present. In June 2020, there were as many individuals (1.5%) in both samples (mud and stones). In the 11 other springs, C. salina was present both on stone and sediment substrates (the dominant substrates taken at each spring).

International audience; During a survey done on the mineral springs in the French Massif Central region, a new Chamaepinnularia species (Bacillariophyceae) was found and is hereby described: Chamaepinnularia salina Beauger, C.E.Wetzel, Allain & Ector sp. nov. This new small species, with valves linear with almost parallel margins, is formally described using light and scanning electron microscopy. The central area is rectangular, forming a rather broad fascia and the raphe is straight, filiform located on an elevated sternum. Virgae between striae are developed. The ecological preferences of Chamaepinnularia salina are presented. This species is mainly in mineral springs with Na-K-HCO3 water type.

Pleurosigma inscriptura M. A. Harper 2009 is a marine diatom in Naviculales (Bacillariophyceae) order distributed in New Zealand, South America, Argentina, and Korea. We assembled the complete mito...

Williams, David M., Liu, Bing, Taxböck, Lukas (2022): Pinnularia hustedtii (Bacillariophyta): Notes on specimens from Wuling Mountains, China and from type material. Phytotaxa 536 (3): 294-300, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.536.3.10

Pinnularia molderii f. spitsbergensis D.M. Williams, Bing Liu & Taxböck nom. nov. ≡ Pinnularia hustedtii f. spitsbergensis Foged 1981: 148, pl. 42, fig. 8 (Foged 1964: 122, “ Pinnularia hustedtii forma”) Type:— Alaska, Spitzbergen, C 466/1963, holotype; ANSP GC 64404, isotype (Mahoney & Reimer 1997: 170)., Published as part of Williams, David M., Liu, Bing & Taxböck, Lukas, 2022, Pinnularia hustedtii (Bacillariophyta): Notes on specimens from Wuling Mountains, China and from type material, pp. 294-300 in Phytotaxa 536 (3) on page 299, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.536.3.10, http://zenodo.org/record/6331854, {"references":["Foged, N. (1981) Diatoms in Alaska. Bibliotheca Phycologica 53, 317 pp., 64 pls.","Foged, N. (1964) Freshwater diatoms from Spitsbergen. Tromso Museums Skrifter 11: 1 - 204.","Mahoney, R. K. & Reimer, C. W. (1997) Updated status of the type collection (Bacillariophyceae) in the Diatom Herbarium, the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 147: 125 - 192."]}

Luticola minutissima M. Rybak, Peszek, Skoczylas & Ludwig, sp. nov. (Figs 1���46) Type:��� BRAZIL. Rio de Janeiro: city of Rio de Janeiro, Alto da Boa Vista, 22��57���09������S, 43��13���40������W, Ł. Skoczylas, 29 March 2015 (holotype UPCB! slide UPCB96.149, Herbarium of the Departamento de Bot��nica da Universidade Federal do Paran��, Brazil, depicted in Fig. 19). Isotypes: slide 26943 at the Szczecin Diatom Collection hosted by the University of Szczecin (SZCZ); slide 2015/1/1 and cleaned material stored in the Diatom Collection of the Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Land Management and Environmental Protection at the University of Rzesz��w. Description:��� Valves elliptic-lanceolate to rhombic-lanceolate with narrowly rounded apices (Figs 1���37). Range of valve dimensions (n = 60): 5.2���16.8 ��m long and 3.7���5.4 ��m wide. Axial area linear, central area bow-tie shaped, bounded by 2���4 areolae. Elongated stigma present in the central area, located close to face valve margin (Figs 38, 40, 42). Internally, stigma with indistinct opening bordered with large, circular, and lipped structure (Fig. 43, 45, 46). Marginal channel evident in SEM (Fig. 46), not visible in LM. Raphe branches almost straight to slightly curved (Figs 1���37, 39���41). External proximal endings double curved, first deflected away from the stigma, next abruptly hooked at a 90-degree angle to the stigma side (Fig. 29���42). Distal raphe endings hooked towards the stigma side, continuing onto the valve mantle (Fig. 39���42). Striae radiate, 22���28 at 10 ��m, composed of 3���4 rounded areolae. Internally, poroids on valve face occluded by hymens, forming a continuous strip on each stria (Fig. 44, 46). Valve mantle has a single row of round areolae (Fig. 30, 37). Etymology:��� The species name minutissima (lat. ���tiny, smallest) refers to the small size of the new species��� frustule. Similar species:��� Luticola deniseae Wetzel, Van de Vijver & Ector (2010: 178), L. imbricata (W.Bock) Levkov, Metzeltin & Pavlov (2013: 134), L. minima Levkov, Metzeltin & Pavlov (2013: 157), L. neglecta Zidarova, Levkov & Van de Vijver and L. tujii Levkov, Metzeltin & Pavlov (2013: 243), (Table 2). Distribution and ecology:��� The species was observed in terrestrial habitats (mosses and lichens overgrowing different substrates, i.e. a concrete wall and palm tree trunks), both in urban and forest areas. The species developed very rarely, in the form of individual valves in the samples. Together with Luticola minutissima sp. nov., the most frequent species in sample 2015/1 were Humidophila sp. (90.3%) and Achnanthes pseudoinflata M.Rybak, Peszek, Skoczylas, Ector & C.E.Wetzel (2020: 3) (7.4%), while in sample 2015/3 the most frequent were: Humidophila contenta (Grunow) Lowe, Kociolek, J.R.Johansen, Van de Vijver, Lange-Bertalot & Kopalov�� (2014: 357) (74.8%) and Luticola moreirae Straube, Tremarin & T.Ludwig (2017: 428) (17.9%). In sample 2015/2 no dominant species were designated, due to an extremely low number of valves (15���30 per slide). Additional observation of Luticola neglecta Zidarova, Levkov & Van de Vijver is presented (Figs 47���67). The observed valves (n = 30) correspond to the description in Zidarova et al. (2014, 2016) in most morphological features. Notwithstanding, some additional observations were made. The external shape of stigma in the mentioned papers is small and rounded, but from our observations, it also seems to be slightly elongated (Figs. 61, 63, 64). The internal valve view ultrastructure has not been described until now. The areolae of the valve face are occluded by hymenes, forming a continuous strip on each stria. A marginal channel is visible internally under SEM, and is occluded by hymen. Internal stigma opening is small and C-shaped., Published as part of Rybak, Mateusz, Peszek, ��ukasz, Skoczylas, ��ukasz & Ludwig, Thelma Alvim Veiga, 2022, A new small-celled diatom from Brazil - Luticola minutissima sp. nov., with comparison to the type of the Antarctic L. neglecta Zidarova, Levkov & Van de Vijver, pp. 287-294 in Phytotaxa 530 (3) on pages 288-291, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.530.3.4, http://zenodo.org/record/5836017, {"references":["Wetzel, C. E., Van de Vijver, B. & Ector, L. (2010) Luticola deniseae sp. nov. a new epizoic diatom from the Rio Negro (Amazon Hydrographic Basin). Vie Et Milieu - Life and Environment 60 (3): 177 - 184.","Levkov, Z., Metzeltin, D. & Pavlov, A. (2013) Luticola and Luticolopsis. Diatoms of the European inland waters and comparable habitats. Diatoms of Europe 7: 1 - 698.","Zidarova, R., Levkov, Z. & Van de Vijver, B. (2014) Four new Luticola taxa (Bacillariophyta) from Maritime Antarctica. Phytotaxa 170 (3): 155 - 168. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / phytotaxa. 170.3.2","Zidarova, R., Kopalova, K. & Van de Vijver, B. (2016) Diatoms from the Antarctic Region: Maritime Antarctica. Iconographia Diatomologica 24: 154 - 213."]}

Rybak, Mateusz, Peszek, Łukasz, Skoczylas, Łukasz, Ludwig, Thelma Alvim Veiga (2022): A new small-celled diatom from Brazil - Luticola minutissima sp. nov., with comparison to the type of the Antarctic L. neglecta Zidarova, Levkov & Van de Vijver. Phytotaxa 530 (3): 287-294, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.530.3.4

The composition of diatom assemblages of epilithon, epiphython and epipelon in the Shchugor River was presented. Biofoulings of rocky substrates, macrophytes, filamentous algae and samples from the surface of bottom sediments were studied. The diatom assemblages had a diverse composition and included 218 species with varieties and forms from 60 genera, 27 families and 12 orders. The order Naviculales (56 taxa) and the family Fragilariaceae (39 taxa) played a major role. The genera Gomphonema (17 taxa), Nitzschia (16), Navicula (14), Eunotia (14) were dominant by the species abundance. The identified diatoms were mostly epiphytes, indifferent to salinity and alkaliphilous species, clean water indicators. The most common community in the river was epilithon, whereas epiphyton distinguished by the most diverse composition. The epipelon was poorly developed, having the lowest number of diatom taxa.Dominant, subdominant, accompanying species of the diatoms were very similar in different phytobenthos groups, the Sørensen-Czekanowski coefficients varied from 0.70 to 0.81. The dominant species were Achnanthidium minutissimum, Encyonema minutum, Fragilaria gracilis, Gomphonema exilissimum, G. ventricosum, Hannaea arcus, Meridion circulare. The sub-dominant species were Cocconeis placentula, Nitzschia fonticola, Ulnaria ulna and Staurosirella pinnata. Based on the Berger-Parker and Simpson variety indices, the occurrence of taxa in the genera and families in the epiphyton was more uniform. The assessment of benthic diatoms demonstrated that the Shchugor River is a typical mid-mountain river. Diatom communities of epilithon, epiphython and epipelon can be used for the monitoring of ecological status of the river.

54. Seminavis cf. pusilla (Grunow) Cox & Reid (Figs 126, 127) Basionym: Cymbella pusilla Grunow. Synonym: Navicymbula pusilla (Grunow) Krammer. Type locality: Kunsee; Bayonne. References: Cox & Reid 2004, p. 60; Cavalcante et al. 2014, p. 258, figs 1, 2; Donadel 2018, p. 14, figs 3m, 14a–g. Morphometrics: Valves 17–22 (22–30) μm long, 5–7 (5–7) μm wide, transapical striae 18–19 (17–19) in 10 μm in dorsal side, 16 (15–17) in 10 μm in ventral side. Remarks: Specimens collected in local areas exhibit lower valve length and width. Seminavis pusilla has been reported in a lagoon of the Galapagos Islands (Seddon et al. 2011), coastal Mediterranean Spanish lakes (Antón-Garrido et al 2013), lagoons of the southern Brazil (Donadel 2018), and southern Everglades of Florida (Mazzei et al. 2018). The brackish species inhabits saline lakes in the desert of Inner Mongolia, China (Rioual et al. 2014). Further, the species has been reported in freshwater with a high mineral content throughout the United States as Navicymbula pusilla (Potapova 2011), and in a river of Northeast Brazil as Seminavis pusilla (Cavalcante et al. 2014). Despite the unusual distribution, it has been reported in tropical or subtropical coasts. In South Korea, it was encountered rarely in reed marsh in the lagoon of the Seogwipo coast in Jeju Island, and represents a new record for South Korea.

55. Trachyneis velata (A. Schmidt) Cleve (Figs 116, 117) Basionym: Navicula velata A. Schmidt. Type locality: Sandwich Island (Hawaiian Islands). References: Witkowski et al. 2000, p. 356, pl. 159, figs 7, 8; Lobban et al. 2012, p. 293, pl. 49, figs 1, 2. Morphometrics: Valves 82–150 (70–130) μm long, 23–27 (20–22) μm wide, transapical striae 10–13 (15–16) in 10 μm. Remarks: The transapical striae of the local specimens are denser than those of the type ones, and the valves are much wider. Trachyneis velata has been found in False Bay of South Africa (Giffen 1971), the Indian Ocean (Giffen 1980), the Caribbean Sea (Foged 1984, Lobban et al. 2012), and the Pacific Ocean (Foged 1987, Witkowski et al. 2000, Lobban et al. 2012, Park et al. 2018), and frequently reported from mangrove lagoon of the Baja California Peninsula, Mexico (Siqueiros-Beltrones & López-Fuerte 2006, López-Fuerte et al. 2010, Siqueiros-Beltrones et al. 2017), and the southern coast of Wellington, New Zealand (Harper & Harper 2010). It is mentioned on the algal checklist of Hawaii (MacCaughey 1918). In South Korea, it was encountered frequently as an epiphyte on seaweeds along the Seogwipo coast in Jeju Island., Published as part of Joh, Gyeongje, 2021, Distribution and frequent occurrence of diatom taxa (Bacillariophyta) inhabiting warmer oceans in Seogwipo coast of Jeju Island, southernmost Korea, pp. 1-67 in Phytotaxa 517 (1) on page 35, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.517.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/8061058, {"references":["Witkowski, A., Lange-Bertalot, H. & Metzeltin, D. (2000) Diatom flora of marine coasts I. Iconographia Diatomologica. Vol. 7. A. R. G. Ganter Verlag K. G., Ruggell, 925 pp.","Lobban, C. S., Schefter, M., Jordan, R. W., Arai, Y., Sasaki, A., Theriot, E. C., Ashworth, M., Ruck, E. C. & Pennesi, C. (2012) Coral-reef diatoms (Bacillariophyta) from Guam: new records and preliminary checklist, with emphasis on epiphytic species from farmer-fish territories. Micronesica 43: 237 - 479.","Giffen, M. H. (1971) Marine littoral diatoms from the Gordon's bay region of False Bay, Cape Province, South Africa. Botanica Marina 14: 1 - 16. https: // doi. org / 10.1515 / botm. 1971.14. s 1.1","Giffen, M. H. (1980) A checklist of marine littoral diatoms from Mahe, Seychelles Islands. Bacillaria 3: 129 - 159.","Foged, N. (1984) Freshwater and littoral diatoms from Cuba. Bibliotheca Diatomologica. Vol. 5. J. Cramer, Germany, 121 pp.","Foged, N. (1987) Diatoms from Viti Levu, Fiji Islands. Bibliotheca Diatomologica Vol. 14. J. Cramer, Berlin, 128 pp.","Park, J. S., Lobban, C. S. & Lee, K. W. (2018) Diatoms associated with seaweeds from Moen Island in Chuuk Lagoon, Micronesia. Phytotaxa 351: 101 - 140. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / phytotaxa. 351.2.1","Siqueiros-Beltrones, D. A. & Lopez-Fuerte, F. O. (2006) Epiphytic diatoms associated with red mangrove (Rhizophora mangle) prop roots in Bahia Magdalena, Baja California Sur, Mexico. Revista de Biologia Tropical 54: 287 - 297. https: // doi. org / 10.15517 / rbt. v 54 i 2.13869","Lopez-Fuerte, F. O., Siqueiros-Beltrones, D. A. & Navarro, J. N. (2010) Benthic diatoms associated with mangrove environments in the Northwest region of Mexico. CONABIO, Gobierno Federal Mexicano, Mexico City, 206 pp.","Harper, M. A. & Harper, J. F. (2010) Otari and Taputeranga bioblitzes: diatoms-microscopic algae. Wellington Botanical Society Bulletin 52: 53 - 63.","MacCaughey, V. (1918) Algae of the Hawaiian archipelago. II. Botanical Gazette 65: 121 - 149."]}

52. Navicula zostereti Grunow (Figs 97, 98, 195–197, 200, 201) Type locality: Adriatic Sea. References: Peragallo & Peragallo 1897–1908, p. 91, pl. 12, fig. 7; Takano 1962, p. 33, fig. 8; Moreira-Filho & de Oliveira-Filho 1976, p. 65, pl. 4, fig. 14; Foged 1987, p. 81, pl. 20, fig. 8. Morphometrics: Valves 75–91 (65–140) μm long, 15 (11–22) μm wide, transapical striae 7–8 (6–7) in 10 μm, and lineolae distinct, 24–26 in 10 μm. Remarks: Navicula zostereti is closely similar to Navicula longa var. irregularis Hustedt in valve morphology, but wider in valve breadth (14.5–15.3 vs 9–14 μm) and denser in lineolae on a stria (24–26 vs 16–18 in 10 μm), indicating a large difference in the lineola density on a stria. This species may be mistaken as Navicula longa var. irregularis, (e.g., Witkowski et al. 2000), from many places in the Caribbean Sea, the Indian Ocean, and the Pacific Ocean. This taxon has been reported from Katsuura and Miyazaki of Japan (Takano 1962), Brazil (Moreira-Filho & de Oliveira-Filho 1976), Cuba (Foged 1984), Viti Levu Island (Fiji) in the southwestern Pacific Ocean (Foged 1987), Palawan of Philippines (Podzorski & Håkansson 1987), the eastern coast of India (Gouda & Panigraphy 1989), and Guadalupe Island of the Baja California Peninsula, Mexico (López-Fuerte et al. 2015). It is a diatom taxon inhabiting warmer oceans. It was encountered frequently as an epiphyte along the Seogwipo coast in Jeju Island, and represents a new record for South Korea., Published as part of Joh, Gyeongje, 2021, Distribution and frequent occurrence of diatom taxa (Bacillariophyta) inhabiting warmer oceans in Seogwipo coast of Jeju Island, southernmost Korea, pp. 1-67 in Phytotaxa 517 (1) on pages 34-35, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.517.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/8061058, {"references":["Takano, H. (1962) Notes on epiphytic diatoms upon sea-weeds from Japan. Journal of the Oceanographical Society of Japan 18: 29 - 33. https: // doi. org / 10.5928 / kaiyou 1942.18.29","Moreira-Filho, H. & de Oliveira-Filho, E. C. (1976) Diatomaceas epifitas em duas populacies de Sargassum cymosum C. Ag. Acta Biologica Paranaense 5: 53 - 75. [in Portuguese] https: // doi. org / 10.5380 / abpr. v 5 i 0.911","Foged, N. (1987) Diatoms from Viti Levu, Fiji Islands. Bibliotheca Diatomologica Vol. 14. J. Cramer, Berlin, 128 pp.","Witkowski, A., Lange-Bertalot, H. & Metzeltin, D. (2000) Diatom flora of marine coasts I. Iconographia Diatomologica. Vol. 7. A. R. G. Ganter Verlag K. G., Ruggell, 925 pp.","Foged, N. (1984) Freshwater and littoral diatoms from Cuba. Bibliotheca Diatomologica. Vol. 5. J. Cramer, Germany, 121 pp.","Podzorski, A. C. & Hakansson, H. (1987) Freshwater and marine diatoms from Palawan (a Philippine island). Bibliotheca Diatomologica Vol. 13. J. Cramer, Berlin, 245 pp.","Gouda, R. & Panigraphy, R. C. (1989) Diurnal variation of phytoplankton in Rushikulya estuary, east coast of India. Indian Journal of Geo-Marine Sciences 18: 246 - 250.","Lopez-Fuerte, F. O., Siqueiros-Beltrones, D. A. & Yabur, R. (2015) First record of benthic diatoms (Bacillariophyceae and Fragilariophyceae) from Isla Guadalupe, Baja California, Mexico. Revista Mexicana de Biodiversida 86: 281 - 292. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. rmb. 2015.04.016"]}

43. Diploneis nitescens (Gregory) Cleve (Figs 112, 113) Basionym: Navicula smithii var. nitescens Gregory. Type locality: Scotland; Lamlash Bay; Loch Fine. References: Peragallo & Peragallo 1897–1908, p. 124, pl. 21, figs 1–3; Hustedt 1931 –1959, p. 640, fig. 1047; Podzorski & Håkansson 1987, p. 59, pl. 21, fig. 3; Hein et al. 2008, p. 52, pl. 26, figs 3, 4. Morphometrics: Valves 42–71 (24–100) μm long, 19–26 (16–36) μm wide, transapical striae 7–9 (6–9) in 10 μm. Remarks: This species is widespread from temperate to tropical regions as it is considered as the initial collection site and subsequent generations. Hustedt (1931 –1959) viewed the distribution of this taxon from the Mediterranean to northern Europe, but has been still reported from the tropical coasts. In the diatom atlas (Stidolph et al. 2012), which illustrate marine diatoms in tropical and subtropical habitats, Diploneis nitescens was the second most frequently recorded after Campylodiscus neofastuosus. The species has been reported from several islands in the Caribbean Sea (Foged 1984) and in the vicinity (Hein et al. 2008, Stidolph et al. 2012, Martínez-López et al. 2004, Siqueiros-Beltrones and Martínez 2017), the Pacific Ocean (Witkowski et al. 2000, Stidolph et al. 2012, Park et al. 2018), the Atlantic Ocean (Stidolph et al. 2012), and Philippines (Pozorski & Håkansson 1987, Stidolph et al. 2012). In addition to the results reported in atlas surveys, this taxon was seen in the other regions, the northern New Zealand (Stidolph 1980), the southern China (Jin et al. 1985), Brazil (Pacheco et al. 2016) and the coast of Iraq (Al-Handal et al. 2018). This taxon is scattered along the coast of the Atlantic Oceans from the Arctic to the Mediterranean (Witkowski et al. 2000), however, the specimens, which was collected from the East Greenland, presented in his illustrations are more close to Diploneis smithii (Brébisson) Cleve or its infraspecific taxa. In D. nitescens, longitudinal canals of valve are wide, but not swollen in the middle, and the outer margins of the canals are wider than half the width of the valve. In South Korea, it was reported previously from the lagoon of the Seogwipo coast in Jeju Island (Park et al. 2017), and is encountered infrequently as an epiphytic species inhabiting the rock pools and pseudolagoons., Published as part of Joh, Gyeongje, 2021, Distribution and frequent occurrence of diatom taxa (Bacillariophyta) inhabiting warmer oceans in Seogwipo coast of Jeju Island, southernmost Korea, pp. 1-67 in Phytotaxa 517 (1) on page 31, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.517.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/8061058, {"references":["Hustedt, F. (1931 - 1959) Die Kieselalgen Deutschlands, Osterreichs und der Schweiz unter Berucksichtigung der ubrigen Lander Europas sowie der angrenzenden Meeresgebiete. In: Rabenhorst, L. (Ed.) Kryptogamen Flora von Deutschland, Osterreich und der Schweiz. Vol. 7, Issue: Teil 2. Akademische Verlagsgesellschaft m. b. h. Leipzig, 845 pp., figs. 543 - 1179.","Podzorski, A. C. & Hakansson, H. (1987) Freshwater and marine diatoms from Palawan (a Philippine island). Bibliotheca Diatomologica Vol. 13. J. Cramer, Berlin, 245 pp.","Hein, M. K., Winsborough, B. M. & Sullivan, M. J. (2008) Bacillariophyta (diatoms) of the Bahamas. Iconographia Diatomologica Vol. 19. Gantner Publishing, Ruggell, Germany, 303 pp.","Stidolph, S. R., Sterrenburg, F. A. S., Smith, K. E. L. & Kraberg, A. (2012) Stuart R. Stidolph diatom atlas. U. S. Department of the Interior and U. S. Geological Survey. USGS Open-File Report 2012 - 1163. https: // doi. org / 10.3133 / ofr 20121163","Foged, N. (1984) Freshwater and littoral diatoms from Cuba. Bibliotheca Diatomologica. Vol. 5. J. Cramer, Germany, 121 pp.","Martinez-Lopez, A., Siqueiros-Beltrones, D. A. & Silverberg, N. (2004) Transport of benthic diatoms across the continental shelf off southern Baja California Peninsula. Ciencias Marinas 30: 503 - 513. https: // doi. org / 10.7773 / cm. v 30 i 4.347","Siqueiros-Beltrones, D. A. & Martinez, Y. J. (2017) Prospective floristics of epiphytic diatoms on Rhodophyta from the southern Gulf of Mexico. CICIMAR Oceanides 32: 35 - 49. https: // doi. org / 10.37543 / oceanides. v 32 i 2.207","Witkowski, A., Lange-Bertalot, H. & Metzeltin, D. (2000) Diatom flora of marine coasts I. Iconographia Diatomologica. Vol. 7. A. R. G. Ganter Verlag K. G., Ruggell, 925 pp.","Park, J. S., Lobban, C. S. & Lee, K. W. (2018) Diatoms associated with seaweeds from Moen Island in Chuuk Lagoon, Micronesia. Phytotaxa 351: 101 - 140. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / phytotaxa. 351.2.1","Stidolph, S. R. (1980) A record of some coastal marine diatoms from Porirua Harbour, North Island, New Zealand. New Zealand Journal of Botany 18: 379 - 403. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 0028825 X. 1980.10427255","Jin, D. (Chin, T. G.), Cheng, Z., Lin, J. & Liu, S. (1985) The marine benthic diatoms in China. Vol. 1. China Ocean Press, Beijing, 313 pp.","Pacheco, C. M., Bertolli, L. M., Donadel, L. & Torgan, L. C. (2016) The genus Diploneis in salt marshes of southern Brazil. Iheringia. Serie Botanica 71: 331 - 355. [in Portuguese]","Al-Handal, A. Y., Thomas, E. W. & Pennesi, C. (2018) Marine benthic diatoms in the newly discovered coral reefs, off Basra coast, Southern Iraq. Phytotaxa 372 (2): 111 - 152. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / phytotaxa. 372.2.1","Park, J. S., Yun, S. M., Lee, S. D., Lee, J. B. & Lee, J. H. (2017) New records of the diatoms (Bacillariophyta) in the brackish and coastal waters of Korea. Korean Journal of Environmental Biology 35: 215 - 226. https: // doi. org / 10.11626 / KJEB. 2017.35.3.215"]}

The epiphytic diatoms attached to seaweeds and benthic diatom assemblages, have been collected along the Seogwipo coast in Jeju Island, South Korea. In the last three-year survey, 80 diatom taxa inhabiting warmer oceans have been found, including those in the tropical and subtropical regions such as the Pacific Ocean, the Caribbean Sea, the western Indian Ocean, and other warmer regions. These diatom flora shows a worldwide pattern that concentrated around the Tropic of Cancer. This survey of local areas reveals the existence of many rare or retrieved taxa that were not well known until recently. Furthermore, some of them, including Aulacodiscus affinis, Leudugeria janischii, Hyalosynedra lanceolata, Trachyneis velata var. ornata, Lyrella concilians have been reported for the first time since the first entry or haven been reported only once. Of the diatom flora described here, 48 taxa are new to South Korea and previously unrecorded in the local area.

39. Caloneis cf. excentrica (Grunow) Boyer (Figs 118, 119) Basionym: Navicula excentrica Grunow. Synonym: Caloneis liber var. excentrica (Grunow) Cleve; Navicula maxima var. excentrica (Grunow) Peragallo & Peragallo; Navicula liber var. excentrica (Grunow) Fricke. Type locality: Adriatic Sea; Corsica. References: Peragallo and Peragallo 1897–1908, p. 73, pl. 9, fig. 18; Navarro 1982b, p. 323, figs 38–43; Witkowski et al. 2000, pl. 151, figs 5, 6. Morphometrics: Valves 55–74 (81–140) μm long, 14–17 (14–23) μm wide, and transapical striae 22–26 (18–22) in 10 μm. Remarks: The local specimens are small in valve length and width, and transapical striae denser than some of the referred specimens. It is distributed in Colón of Panama and Guadalope in Spain (Boyer 1927), and has been reported from Puerto Rico (Navarro 1982b), the southern Gulf of Mexico (López–Fuerte et al. 2013), Hainan Islands in the southern coast of China (Cheng & Gao 2013), the Caribbean Sea and the Campeche Bay of the Gulf of Mexico (Witkowski et al. 2000), and the Bahamas (Hein et al. 2008). It is found in the Mediterranean Sea and in warmer coasts as a tropical taxon. It is rarely found as an epiphyte on seaweeds and diatoms in the Seogwipo coast, and is new to South Korea., Published as part of Joh, Gyeongje, 2021, Distribution and frequent occurrence of diatom taxa (Bacillariophyta) inhabiting warmer oceans in Seogwipo coast of Jeju Island, southernmost Korea, pp. 1-67 in Phytotaxa 517 (1) on page 29, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.517.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/8061058, {"references":["Navarro, J. N. (1982 b) A survey of the marine diatoms of Puerto Rico. V. Suborder Raphidineae: Families Achnanthaceae and Naviculaceae (excluding Navicula and Mastogloia). Botanica Marina 25: 321 - 338. https: // doi. org / 10.1515 / botm. 1982.25.7.321","Witkowski, A., Lange-Bertalot, H. & Metzeltin, D. (2000) Diatom flora of marine coasts I. Iconographia Diatomologica. Vol. 7. A. R. G. Ganter Verlag K. G., Ruggell, 925 pp.","Boyer, C. S. (1927) Synopsis of North American diatomaceae, supplement, part 2. Naviculatae, Surirellatae. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 79: 229 - 583. [https: // www. jstor. org / stable / 4064028]","Cheng, Z. & Gao, Y. (2013) Flora algarum marinarum sinicarum. Tomus V. Bacillariophyta No. III. Pennatae II. Naviculales Naviculaceae Cymbellaceae Auriculaceae Gomphonemataceae. Science Press, Beijing, 183 pp, 80 pls.","Hein, M. K., Winsborough, B. M. & Sullivan, M. J. (2008) Bacillariophyta (diatoms) of the Bahamas. Iconographia Diatomologica Vol. 19. Gantner Publishing, Ruggell, Germany, 303 pp."]}

42. Diploneis gemmatula (Grunow) Cleve (Figs 106, 107, 211, 212, 218) Basionym: Navicula gemmatula Grunow. Type locality: not given. References: Hustedt 1961–1966, p. 527, figs 1038; Witkowski et al. 2000, p. 187, pl. 91, fig. 14. Morphometrics: Valves 85–120 (50–160) μm long, the width 22.3–31 (23–40) μm in the middle and 28–36 (26–45) μm in the widest portion of the valve, and transapical striae 4–5 (6–7) in 10 μm. Remarks: Diploneis gemmatula is primarily distributed in the warmer oceans, and in Europe, found only in the Mediterranean (Hustedt 1961–1966, Witkowski et al. 2000). It occurred frequently in the coral reefs of Iraq (Al-Handal et al. 2018). It is probably a subtropical taxon with a narrow distribution. It was found rarely as benthic diatoms and an epiphyte on seaweeds along the Seogwipo coast in Jeju Island, representing a new record for South Korea., Published as part of Joh, Gyeongje, 2021, Distribution and frequent occurrence of diatom taxa (Bacillariophyta) inhabiting warmer oceans in Seogwipo coast of Jeju Island, southernmost Korea, pp. 1-67 in Phytotaxa 517 (1) on page 31, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.517.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/8061058, {"references":["Witkowski, A., Lange-Bertalot, H. & Metzeltin, D. (2000) Diatom flora of marine coasts I. Iconographia Diatomologica. Vol. 7. A. R. G. Ganter Verlag K. G., Ruggell, 925 pp.","Al-Handal, A. Y., Thomas, E. W. & Pennesi, C. (2018) Marine benthic diatoms in the newly discovered coral reefs, off Basra coast, Southern Iraq. Phytotaxa 372 (2): 111 - 152. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / phytotaxa. 372.2.1"]}

53. Seminavis latior (A. Schmidt) Danielidis & D.G. Mann (Figs 131, 132) Basionym: Amphora cymbelloides var. latior A. Schmidt. Type locality: Java. References: Danielidis & Mann 2003, p. 34, figs 35–41; Wachnicka & Gaiser 2007, p. 442, figs 226, 227. Morphometrics: Valves 52–73 (35–67) μm long, 12–15 (10–13) μm wide, and transapical striae in dorsal side 12–16 (13–15) in 10 μm, in ventral side 12–17 (13–15) in 10 μm. Remarks: Seminavis latior was reported previously in the lagoon of the Seogwipo coast, Jeju Island of South Korea (Park et al. 2017), and in Chuuk Lagoon of Micronesia (Park et al. 2018). This taxon appears to exist in three locations, including the type locality, Java. It was collected previously from the lagoon of the Seogwipo coast in 2016 (Park et al. 2017), and in this survey, was found rarely on the rock pools.

60. Amphora cingulata Cleve (Figs 142, 143, 213–215) Synonym: Amphora ocellata var. cingulata Cleve. Type locality: G. v. Mexico References: Peragallo and Peragallo 1897–1908, p. 219, pl. 48, fig. 3, pl. 49, figs 5–7; Wachnicka & Gaiser 2007, p. 436, fig. 189; Stidolph et al. 2012, pl. 2, figs 53, 54. Morphometrics: Valves 74–77 (70–87) μm long, 13–14.9 (11.5–12.5) μm wide, and transapical striae 23–25 (22–24) in 10 μm. Remarks: This taxon is similar to Amphora ocellata Donkin in valve morphology, but A. cingulata has a more arcuate dorsal margin and more distinct puncta. In addition, it also resembles A. obtusa Gregory and A. arenaria Donkin in valve outlines but it differs from them by having several widely spaced striae at the central portion of the dorsal side of the valve like a kind of stauros (Wachnicka & Gaiser 2007). Amphora cingulata was reported in the coasts of France (Peragallo & Peragallo1897–1908), Palawan of Philippines (Podzorski and Håkansson 1987), Baja California Sur of Mexico (Siqueiros-Beltrones et al. 2005), the Cape Verde in the Atlantic Ocean off the North Africa (Wachnicka and Gaiser 2007). There are not many cases reported worldwide, but it is mainly distributed in the warmer waters such as tropical regions. It was found very rare in Seogwipo coast, and is a new report in South Korea., Published as part of Joh, Gyeongje, 2021, Distribution and frequent occurrence of diatom taxa (Bacillariophyta) inhabiting warmer oceans in Seogwipo coast of Jeju Island, southernmost Korea, pp. 1-67 in Phytotaxa 517 (1) on page 38, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.517.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/8061058, {"references":["Wachnicka, A. H. & Gaiser, E. E. (2007) Characterization of Amphora and Seminavis from South Florida, U. S. A. Diatom Research 22: 387 - 455, 240 figs, 4 tables. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 0269249 X. 2007.9705722","Stidolph, S. R., Sterrenburg, F. A. S., Smith, K. E. L. & Kraberg, A. (2012) Stuart R. Stidolph diatom atlas. U. S. Department of the Interior and U. S. Geological Survey. USGS Open-File Report 2012 - 1163. https: // doi. org / 10.3133 / ofr 20121163","Podzorski, A. C. & Hakansson, H. (1987) Freshwater and marine diatoms from Palawan (a Philippine island). Bibliotheca Diatomologica Vol. 13. J. Cramer, Berlin, 245 pp.","Siqueiros-Beltrones, D., Lopez-Fuerte, F. O. & Garate-Lizarraga, I. (2005) Structure of Diatom Assemblages Living on Prop Roots of the Red Mangrove (Rhizophora mangle) from the West Coast of Baja California Sur, Mexico 1. Pacific Science 59: 79 - 96. https: // doi. org / 10.1353 / psc. 2005.0014"]}

56. Trachyneis velata var. ornata Meister (Figs 114, 115) References: Meister 1937, p. 272, pl. 10, fig. 10; Podzorski & Håkansson 1987, p. 91, pl. 34, fig. 2. Type locality: Nagasaki. Morphometrics: Valves 35–46 (27–44) μm long, 12–13 (11–15) μm wide, transapical striae 17–19 (19–20) in 10 μm. Remarks: The striae on valves are composed of more or less elongated areolae. Six to seven very long areolae surround the central area, which is significantly smaller than that of the nominate variety, Trachyneis velata. This taxon was first discovered in Nagasaki of Japan, and described by Meister (1937). It has been reported from Palawan of Philippines by Podzorski & Håkansson (1987). Until now, only two locations have been reported, but the taxon appears to grow in the warmer marine waters of Asia. However, it is possible that it may have been considered as small forms of the nominate variety, due to similar valve morphology. It was found rarely in rock pools and pseudo-lagoons along the Seogwipo coast in Jeju Island, and thus represents a new record for South Korea., Published as part of Joh, Gyeongje, 2021, Distribution and frequent occurrence of diatom taxa (Bacillariophyta) inhabiting warmer oceans in Seogwipo coast of Jeju Island, southernmost Korea, pp. 1-67 in Phytotaxa 517 (1) on page 36, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.517.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/8061058, {"references":["Meister, F. (1937) Seltene und neue Kieselalgen. II. Berichte der Schweizerischen Botanischen Gesellschaft 47: 258 - 276; pls. 3 - 13.","Podzorski, A. C. & Hakansson, H. (1987) Freshwater and marine diatoms from Palawan (a Philippine island). Bibliotheca Diatomologica Vol. 13. J. Cramer, Berlin, 245 pp."]}

45. Cymatoneis circumvallata Cleve (Figs 104) Synonym: Navicula circumvallata (Cleve) Schmidt. References: Peragallo & Peragallo 1897–1908, p. 107, pl. 13, fig. 28; Giffen 1976, p. 384, figs 44, 45; Podzorski & Håkansson 1987, p. 56, pl. 18, figs 6, 9, 11, 12. Type locality: Balearic Island; Ceylon; Labuan; Japan. Morphometrics: Valves 28–38 (27–52) μm long, 13–14 (10–13) μm wide, transapical striae 10–11 (9–12) in 10 μm. Remarks: This taxon has been reported from a few localitions: Saldanha Bay lagoon of South Africa (Giffen 1976), Palawan of Philippines (Podzorski & Håkansson 1987), and the mangrove coast of the Baja California Peninsula of Mexico (Siqueiros-Beltrones et al. 2011). It has been reported rarely, but can be assigned to a typical tropical taxon based on the earliest type locality and subsequent discovery areas. It was found rarely in rock pools along the Seogwipo coast in Jeju Island, and is herein newly reported in South Korea, Published as part of Joh, Gyeongje, 2021, Distribution and frequent occurrence of diatom taxa (Bacillariophyta) inhabiting warmer oceans in Seogwipo coast of Jeju Island, southernmost Korea, pp. 1-67 in Phytotaxa 517 (1) on page 33, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.517.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/8061058, {"references":["Giffen, M. H. (1976) Further account of the marine littoral diatoms of the Saldanha Bay Lagoon, Cape province, South Africa. Botanica Marina 19: 379 - 394. https: // doi. org / 10.1515 / botm. 1976.19.6.379","Podzorski, A. C. & Hakansson, H. (1987) Freshwater and marine diatoms from Palawan (a Philippine island). Bibliotheca Diatomologica Vol. 13. J. Cramer, Berlin, 245 pp.","Siqueiros-Beltrones, D. A., Lopez-Fuerte, F. O., Hernandez-Almeida, O. U. & Argumedo-Hernandez, U. (2011) Microalgae associated to mangrove systems. In: Felix-Pico, E. F. Zaragoza, E. S., Rodriguez, R. R. & Luz, J. L. L. de L. (Eds.) Los Manglares de la Peninsula de Baja California. pp. 155 - 180. [in Spanish]"]}

61. Amphora staurohyalina Podzorski & Håkansson (Figs 123, 124, 203–206) Type locality: Philippines: Palawan: Malapakan Cove, Langen (Malapakan) Island, Taytay. Reference: Podzorski & Håkansson 1987, p. 52, pl. 15, fig. 11, pl. 51, figs 4–6. Morphometrics: Valves 25–32 (33) μm long, 4 (5) μm wide, and transapical striae unresolved in LM, 34 in 10 μm in SEM. Remarks: The characteristic morphological features include a narrow hyaline stauros in the central area dorsally and double rows of striae. Amphora staurohyalina is a tropical taxon found in warmer coasts, and has not been reported in any other location except the type locality, Palawan of Philippines. It was more or less frequently encountered as an epiphyte along the Seogwipo coast in Jeju Island, and represents a new record for South Korea., Published as part of Joh, Gyeongje, 2021, Distribution and frequent occurrence of diatom taxa (Bacillariophyta) inhabiting warmer oceans in Seogwipo coast of Jeju Island, southernmost Korea, pp. 1-67 in Phytotaxa 517 (1) on page 38, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.517.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/8061058, {"references":["Podzorski, A. C. & Hakansson, H. (1987) Freshwater and marine diatoms from Palawan (a Philippine island). Bibliotheca Diatomologica Vol. 13. J. Cramer, Berlin, 245 pp."]}

59. Amphora bigibba var. interrupta (Grunow) Cleve (Figs 121, 122) Basionym: Amphora binodis var. interrupta Grunow. Type locality: Campeche Bank. References: Witkowski et al. 2000, p. 131, pl. 163, figs 27–30; Wachnicka & Gaiser 2007, p. 414, figs 84, 95. Morphometrics: Valves 28–40 (20–46) μm long, 5–6 (5–7) μm wide, and transapical striae 20–22 (21–25) in 10 μm. Remarks: No transapical striae exist on valve in the middle dorsally. Amphora bigibba var. interrupta is widespread along the coasts of warmer oceans (Witkowski et al. 2000), the Florida Bay (Wachnicka & Gaiser 2007), the Bahamas (Hein et al. 2008), the coast of Thailand (Kokociński et al. 2009), and the coast of Baja California Peninsula of Mexico (Siqueiros-Beltrones & Argumedo-Hernández 2015). This taxon is also a subtropical taxon found in the warmer oceans as the nominate variety, Amphora bigibba. It was rarely epiphytic along the Seogwipo coast in Jeju Island, and represents a new record for South Korea., Published as part of Joh, Gyeongje, 2021, Distribution and frequent occurrence of diatom taxa (Bacillariophyta) inhabiting warmer oceans in Seogwipo coast of Jeju Island, southernmost Korea, pp. 1-67 in Phytotaxa 517 (1) on pages 36-38, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.517.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/8061058, {"references":["Witkowski, A., Lange-Bertalot, H. & Metzeltin, D. (2000) Diatom flora of marine coasts I. Iconographia Diatomologica. Vol. 7. A. R. G. Ganter Verlag K. G., Ruggell, 925 pp.","Wachnicka, A. H. & Gaiser, E. E. (2007) Characterization of Amphora and Seminavis from South Florida, U. S. A. Diatom Research 22: 387 - 455, 240 figs, 4 tables. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 0269249 X. 2007.9705722","Hein, M. K., Winsborough, B. M. & Sullivan, M. J. (2008) Bacillariophyta (diatoms) of the Bahamas. Iconographia Diatomologica Vol. 19. Gantner Publishing, Ruggell, Germany, 303 pp.","Kokocinski, M., Szczucinski, W., Zgrundo, A. & Ibragimow, A. (2009) Diatom assemblages in 26 December 2004 tsunami deposits from coastal zone of Thailand as sediment provenance indicators. Polish Journal of Environmental Studies 18: 93 - 101.","Siqueiros-Beltrones, D. A. & Argumedo-Hernandez, U. (2015) Epiphytic diatoms grazed by adult abalone (Haliotis spp.) in Baja California Sur, Mexico. Revista Mexicana de Biodiversidad 86: 111 - 122. https: // doi. org / 10.7550 / rmb. 47977"]}

62. Halamphora capitata (Hagelstein) Álvarez-Blanco & Blanco (Figs 138–140) Basionym: Amphora bigibba var. capitata Hagelstein. Type locality: Naval dock, San Juan Bay, Porto Rico; Harbor of Christiansted, St. Croix. References: Wachnicka & Gaiser 2007, p. 415, figs 98, 99; Álvarez-Blanco & Blanco 2014, p. 63, pl. 36, fig. 9. Morphometics: Valves 14–16 (14–32) μm long, 3–4 (3–6) μm wide, transapicalriae in dorsal side 25 (20–26) in 10 μm, absent in ventral side. Remarks: The most important key to discriminate between Halamphora bigibb a var. capitata and Amphora bigibba are strial density (20–26: 18–20 in 10 μm) and valve size (14–32 μm: 25–39 μm). H. bigibba var. capitata is similar to Amphora kolbei Aleem, but differs by larger valve dimensions (14–32 vs 12–20 μm long, 3–6 vs 2–4 μm wide) and by the deep constriction in the middle dorsally (Wachnicka & Gaiser 2007, Álvarez-Blanco & Blanco 2014). Local specimens are small in valve length and width, but its shape corresponds to that of the type specimen. This taxon has been reported from Cuba (Foged 1984), Paraná coast of the southern Brazil (Procopiak et al. 2006), southern Florida (Wachnicka & Gaiser 2007), the Bahamas (Hein et al. 2008), and the Mediteranean Sea (Álvarez-Blanco & Blanco 2014). It is subtropical flora inhibiting warmer waters. It was rarely distirbuted along the Seogwipo coast in Jeju Island, and represents a new record for South Korea., Published as part of Joh, Gyeongje, 2021, Distribution and frequent occurrence of diatom taxa (Bacillariophyta) inhabiting warmer oceans in Seogwipo coast of Jeju Island, southernmost Korea, pp. 1-67 in Phytotaxa 517 (1) on pages 38-40, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.517.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/8061058, {"references":["Wachnicka, A. H. & Gaiser, E. E. (2007) Characterization of Amphora and Seminavis from South Florida, U. S. A. Diatom Research 22: 387 - 455, 240 figs, 4 tables. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 0269249 X. 2007.9705722","Alvarez-Blanco, I. & Blanco, S. (2014) Benthic diatoms from Mediterranean coasts. Bibliotheca Diatomologica Vol. 60, J. Cramer, Stuttgart, 409 pp.","Foged, N. (1984) Freshwater and littoral diatoms from Cuba. Bibliotheca Diatomologica. Vol. 5. J. Cramer, Germany, 121 pp.","Procopiak, L. K., Fernandes, L. F. & Moreira-Filho, H. (2006) Diatomaceas (Bacillariophyta) marinhas e estuarinas do Parana, Sul do Brasil: lista de especies com enfase em especies nocivas. Biota Neotropica 6: 1 - 28. [in Portuguese] https: // doi. org / 10.1590 / S 1676 - 06032006000300013","Hein, M. K., Winsborough, B. M. & Sullivan, M. J. (2008) Bacillariophyta (diatoms) of the Bahamas. Iconographia Diatomologica Vol. 19. Gantner Publishing, Ruggell, Germany, 303 pp."]}

34. Cocconeiopsis orthoneoides (Hustedt) Witkowski, Lange-Bertalot & Metzeltin (Fig. 78) Basionym: Navicula orthoneoides Hustedt. Type locality: Beaufort, North Carolina. References: Hustedt 1961–1966, p. 345, fig. 1455; Witkowski et al. 2000, p. 174, pl. 67, figs 1, 2, pl. 68, fig. 1; Garcia & Dutra 2013, p. 217, figs 1–10. Morphometrics: Valves 26–29 (23–37, 43) μm long, 18–20 (16–27) μm wide, transapical striae 17–20 (13–22) in 10 μm, puncta on a stria 14–16 in 10 μm. Remarks: Cocconeiopsis orthoneoides is distributed in marine littoral zones, frequently along the coasts of warmer oceans, especially Indian Ocean and Thailand (Witkowski et al. 2000). It has been reported from mangrove lagoons of the Baja California Peninsula in Mexico (Lopez-Fuerte et al. 2010; Siqueiros-Beltrones et al. 2011), and the coasts of southern Brazil (Garcia & Dutra 2013). Although rarely reported, it is a taxon that grows in warmer oceans. It was found less frequently on the sandy beaches of the Seogwipo coast, and is new to South Korea., Published as part of Joh, Gyeongje, 2021, Distribution and frequent occurrence of diatom taxa (Bacillariophyta) inhabiting warmer oceans in Seogwipo coast of Jeju Island, southernmost Korea, pp. 1-67 in Phytotaxa 517 (1) on page 25, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.517.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/8061058, {"references":["Witkowski, A., Lange-Bertalot, H. & Metzeltin, D. (2000) Diatom flora of marine coasts I. Iconographia Diatomologica. Vol. 7. A. R. G. Ganter Verlag K. G., Ruggell, 925 pp.","Garcia, M. & Dutra, D. B. (2013) Morphology and distribution of Cocconeiopsis Witkowski, Lange-Bertalot and Metzeltin from Santa Catarina state littoral, Brazil. Iheringia Serie Botanica 68: 215 - 224. [in Portuguese]","Lopez-Fuerte, F. O., Siqueiros-Beltrones, D. A. & Navarro, J. N. (2010) Benthic diatoms associated with mangrove environments in the Northwest region of Mexico. CONABIO, Gobierno Federal Mexicano, Mexico City, 206 pp.","Siqueiros-Beltrones, D. A., Lopez-Fuerte, F. O., Hernandez-Almeida, O. U. & Argumedo-Hernandez, U. (2011) Microalgae associated to mangrove systems. In: Felix-Pico, E. F. Zaragoza, E. S., Rodriguez, R. R. & Luz, J. L. L. de L. (Eds.) Los Manglares de la Peninsula de Baja California. pp. 155 - 180. [in Spanish]"]}

46. Cymatoneis margarita Witkowski (Fig. 105) Type locality: Orum Beach, Oman. References: Witkowski et al. 2000. p. 179, pl. 109, figs 9–17. Morphometrics: Valves 16–17 (13.5–18) μm long, 6–6.3 (5–6) μm wide, and transapical striae 18–19 (18–20) in 10 μm. Remarks: This species differs from other Cymatoneis in smaller size and lanceolate to elliptic-lanceolate valve outline (Witkowski et al. 2000). Cymatoneis margarita is distributed in Oman as type locality, the Mississippi Delta and Borneo (Witkowski et al. 2000). Since then, it has been reported off the coasts of Guinea, West Africa (Compère and Riaux-Gobin 2009). Although the species have been reported in a few areas, it seems to be pantropical taxon in warmer ocean. This taxon has been found a few times in sand beaches of the Seogwipo coast, representing a new report to South Korea., Published as part of Joh, Gyeongje, 2021, Distribution and frequent occurrence of diatom taxa (Bacillariophyta) inhabiting warmer oceans in Seogwipo coast of Jeju Island, southernmost Korea, pp. 1-67 in Phytotaxa 517 (1) on page 33, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.517.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/8061058, {"references":["Witkowski, A., Lange-Bertalot, H. & Metzeltin, D. (2000) Diatom flora of marine coasts I. Iconographia Diatomologica. Vol. 7. A. R. G. Ganter Verlag K. G., Ruggell, 925 pp.","Compere, P. & Riaux-Gobin, C. (2009) Diatoms from some marine, brackish and freshwater biotopes of Guinea (West Africa). Systematics and Geography of Plants 79: 33 - 66."]}

30. Lyrella concilians (Cleve) D.G. Mann (Fig. 120) Basionym: Navicula concilians Cleve. Synonym: Navicula bialbata H. Peragallo & M. Peragallo. Type locality: Honolulu, USA. References: Peragallo and Peragallo 1897–1908, p. 144, pl. 28, fig. 1; Hustedt 1961–1966, p. 519, fig. 1559. Morphometrics: Valves 62 (45–77) μm long, 27 (21–26) μm wide, transapical striae 11 (11–14) in 10 μm, and puncta in a stria 13 (13–16) in 10 μm. Remarks: Lyrella concilians is distributed in the western Pacific Ocean: Honolulu, Samoa, and China (Hustedt 1961–1966). This taxon was reported from Villefranche of the Mediterranean (Peragallo & Peragallo 1897–1908), and rarely from the other areas except the type locality. It was found twice in salt marshes of the Seogwipo coast in Jeju Island, representing a new record for South Korea., Published as part of Joh, Gyeongje, 2021, Distribution and frequent occurrence of diatom taxa (Bacillariophyta) inhabiting warmer oceans in Seogwipo coast of Jeju Island, southernmost Korea, pp. 1-67 in Phytotaxa 517 (1) on page 24, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.517.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/8061058

47. Navicula hochstetteri Grunow (Figs 93, 94) Type locality: Nicobar Islands (in the eastern sea of Bay of Bengal, India). Reference: Hustedt 1961–1966, p. 663, fig. 1664. Morphometrics: Valves 24–58 (27–57) μm long, 15–34 (13–32) μm wide, transapical striae of the central parts 11–14 (14–20) in 10 μm, of the terminal parts 18–20 in 10 μm, with puncta on a stria 14–19 (14–17) in 10 μm. Remarks: Navicula hochstetteri is distributed along the coastal areas of warmer oceans, but is not common (Hustedt 1961–1966), and was rarely found in other regions except the type locality. This taxon was reported from Brazil (Kutner 1961), and from Lakes Entrance of Australia (Foged 1978), and is mentioned on the checklist of biota of Chinese Seas (Liu 2008) and the inventory of biodiversity of New Zealand (Harper et al. 2012). It is a tropical taxon in warmer coasts, despite limited distribution. This taxon was rarely encountered as an epiphyte along the Seogwipo coast in Jeju Island, and represents a new record for South Korea., Published as part of Joh, Gyeongje, 2021, Distribution and frequent occurrence of diatom taxa (Bacillariophyta) inhabiting warmer oceans in Seogwipo coast of Jeju Island, southernmost Korea, pp. 1-67 in Phytotaxa 517 (1) on page 33, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.517.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/8061058, {"references":["Kutner, M. B. (1961) Algumas diatomaceas encontradas sobre algas superiores. Boletim do Instituto Oceanografico 11: 3 - 15. [in Portuguese] https: // doi. org / 10.1590 / s 0373 - 55241961000200001","Foged, N. (1978) Diatoms in eastern Australia. Bibliotheca Phycologica. Vol. 41. 148 pp., 48 pls.","Liu, R. (2008) Checklist of marine biota of China Seas. Diatoms, pp. 49 - 90. Science Press, Academia Sinica, Beijing. 1267 pp.","Harper, M. A., Cassie Cooper, V., Chang, F. H., Nelson, W. A. & Broady, P. A. (2012) Phylum Ochrophyta: brown and golden-brown algae, diatoms, silicioflagellates, and kin. In: New Zealand inventory of biodiversity. Volume Three. Kingdoms Bacteria, Protozoa, Chromista, Plantae, Fungi. (Gordon, D. P. eds), pp. 114 - 163. Christchurch: Canterbury University Press."]}

51. Navicula semiarea Meister (Fig. 79) Type locality: Nagasaki, Japan. References: Hustedt 1961–1966, p. 655, fig. 1655; Suzuki et al. 1999, p. 154, pl. 5, figs 5–8. Morphometrics: Valves 34–40 (33–47) μm long, 20–21 (21–27) μm wide, transapical striae 15–16 (15) in 10 μm, puncta on a stria 16–17 (16–18) in 10 μm. Remarks: Navicula semiarea is distributed in the marine waters of East Asia (Hustedt 1961–1966), and was reported only from Japan, Nagasaki and Niijima Island (Suzuki et al. 1999). This taxon is probably distributed in the coastal regions of oceans in Northeast Asia. It was found twice in the salt marshes of the Seogwipo coast in Jeju Island, and represents a new taxon for South Korea., Published as part of Joh, Gyeongje, 2021, Distribution and frequent occurrence of diatom taxa (Bacillariophyta) inhabiting warmer oceans in Seogwipo coast of Jeju Island, southernmost Korea, pp. 1-67 in Phytotaxa 517 (1) on page 34, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.517.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/8061058, {"references":["Suzuki, H., Tanaka, J. & Nagumo, T. (1999) Epiphytic diatoms on a red algae Plocamium telfairiae (Hooker et Harvey) Harvey in Shikine Island, the Izu Island. Japanese Bulletin of the Nippon Dental University, General Education 28: 147 - 160. [in Japanese]"]}

58. Amphora bigibba Grunow (Figs 135–137) Type locality: Celebes. Reference: Navarro 1982b, p. 322, fig. 17. Morphometrics: Valves 25 (25–39) μm long, 4 (4–7) μm wide, transapical striae 18 (18–20) in 10 μm. Remarks: Amphora bigibba has been reported along the Brazilian coasts (Andrade & Teixeira 1957, Procopiak et al. 2006), and in Puerto Rico (Navarro 1982b), in Fiji (Foged 1987), Palawan of Philippines (Podzorski & Håkansson 1987), the Gulf of Mexico (Krayesky et al. 2009), Yap and Guam (Navarro & Lobban 2009), and Cape Verde Islands in the Atlantic Ocean off the western Africa (Stidolph et al. 2012). In South Korea, it is rare in the Seogwipo coastal area in Jeju Island., Published as part of Joh, Gyeongje, 2021, Distribution and frequent occurrence of diatom taxa (Bacillariophyta) inhabiting warmer oceans in Seogwipo coast of Jeju Island, southernmost Korea, pp. 1-67 in Phytotaxa 517 (1) on page 36, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.517.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/8061058, {"references":["Navarro, J. N. (1982 b) A survey of the marine diatoms of Puerto Rico. V. Suborder Raphidineae: Families Achnanthaceae and Naviculaceae (excluding Navicula and Mastogloia). Botanica Marina 25: 321 - 338. https: // doi. org / 10.1515 / botm. 1982.25.7.321","Andrade, M. D. A. & Teixeira, C. (1957) Contribuic \" o para o conhecimento das diatomaceas do Brasil: generos Amphora, Cymatoneis, Diploneis, Gyrosigma, Mastogloia, Navicula, Oestrupia e Pleurosigma. Boletim do Instituto Oceanografico 8: 171 - 215. [in Portuguese] https: // doi. org / 10.1590 / S 0373 - 55241957000100005","Procopiak, L. K., Fernandes, L. F. & Moreira-Filho, H. (2006) Diatomaceas (Bacillariophyta) marinhas e estuarinas do Parana, Sul do Brasil: lista de especies com enfase em especies nocivas. Biota Neotropica 6: 1 - 28. [in Portuguese] https: // doi. org / 10.1590 / S 1676 - 06032006000300013","Foged, N. (1987) Diatoms from Viti Levu, Fiji Islands. Bibliotheca Diatomologica Vol. 14. J. Cramer, Berlin, 128 pp.","Podzorski, A. C. & Hakansson, H. (1987) Freshwater and marine diatoms from Palawan (a Philippine island). Bibliotheca Diatomologica Vol. 13. J. Cramer, Berlin, 245 pp.","Krayesky, D. M., Meave del Castillo, E., Zamudio, E., Norris, J. N., Fredericq, S., Tunnell Jr, J., Felder, D. & Earle, S. (2009) Diatoms (Bacillariophyta) of the Gulf of Mexico. In: Felder, D. L. & Camp, D. K. (Eds.) Gulf of Mexico: Origin, Waters, and Biota. Vol. 1. Biodiversity. pp. 155 - 186.","Navarro, J. N. & Lobban, C. S. (2009) Freshwater and marine diatoms from the western Pacific islands of Yap and Guam, with notes on some diatoms in damselfish territories. Diatom Research 24: 123 - 157. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 0269249 X. 2009.9705787","Stidolph, S. R., Sterrenburg, F. A. S., Smith, K. E. L. & Kraberg, A. (2012) Stuart R. Stidolph diatom atlas. U. S. Department of the Interior and U. S. Geological Survey. USGS Open-File Report 2012 - 1163. https: // doi. org / 10.3133 / ofr 20121163"]}

50. Navicula plicatula Grunow (Figs 99, 100) Type locality: Gulf of Naples; Balearic Islands; Madagascar; Seychelles; Japan. Reference: Lobban et al. 2012. p. 293, pl. 48, figs 1–3. Morphometrics: Valves 66–81 (49–64) μm long, 24–26 (15–18) μm wide, and transapical striae 18 (15–24) in 10 μm. Remarks: Navicula plicatula contains not only sinuous raphe, but also raised raphe fissures, and is distinguished from others. This taxon was reported from Balearic Island and Naples in the Mediteranean (Peragallo & Peragallo 1897–1908), Philippines (Mann 1925), Guam and Society Islands of the Pacific Ocean and the Caribbean Sea (Lobban et al. 2012), and is also indicated on the check-list of Chinese marine diatoms (Liu 2008). It was encountered rarely along the Seogwipo coast in Jeju Island, and represents a new record for South Korea., Published as part of Joh, Gyeongje, 2021, Distribution and frequent occurrence of diatom taxa (Bacillariophyta) inhabiting warmer oceans in Seogwipo coast of Jeju Island, southernmost Korea, pp. 1-67 in Phytotaxa 517 (1) on page 34, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.517.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/8061058, {"references":["Lobban, C. S., Schefter, M., Jordan, R. W., Arai, Y., Sasaki, A., Theriot, E. C., Ashworth, M., Ruck, E. C. & Pennesi, C. (2012) Coral-reef diatoms (Bacillariophyta) from Guam: new records and preliminary checklist, with emphasis on epiphytic species from farmer-fish territories. Micronesica 43: 237 - 479.","Mann, A. (1925) Marine diatoms of the Philippine Islands. Smithsonian Institution United States National Museum Bulletin 100: 1 - 182, pls. 154.","Liu, R. (2008) Checklist of marine biota of China Seas. Diatoms, pp. 49 - 90. Science Press, Academia Sinica, Beijing. 1267 pp."]}

49. Navicula platyventris Meister (Figs 95, 96) Type locality: Honduras. References: Meister 1935, p. 95, fig. 33; Podzorski & Håkansson 1987, p. 81, pl. 32, fig. 3; Al-Yamani & Daburova 2011, p. 110, pl. 86, figs a–e. Witkowski et al., 2000, p. 299, pl. 143, figs 16–19 Morphometrics: Valves 10–11 (11–13) μm long, 5–6 (5–7) μm wide, transapical striae 14–15 (12–15) in 10 μm. Remarks: This taxon was found in many warmer coasts, the southwestern Atlantic Ocean of Brazil (Fernandes et al. 1999, Fernandes et al. 2002), the Seto Inland Sea of Japan (Takai et al. 2004), the mangroves of Fujian in China (Chang-Ping et al. 2005), and the Baja California Peninsula, Mexico (Siqueiros-Beltrones & López-Fuerte 2006). The specimens collected from Kenia, Fiji Islands, South Africa and the Caribbean Sea are illustrated in Witkowski et al. (2000). It is rarely epiphytic in the pseudo-lagoons of the Seogwipo coast in Jeju Island, represents a new record for South Korea., Published as part of Joh, Gyeongje, 2021, Distribution and frequent occurrence of diatom taxa (Bacillariophyta) inhabiting warmer oceans in Seogwipo coast of Jeju Island, southernmost Korea, pp. 1-67 in Phytotaxa 517 (1) on page 34, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.517.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/8061058, {"references":["Meister, F. (1935) Seltene und neue Kieselalgen. I. Berichte der Schweizerischen Botanischen Gesellschaft 44: 87 - 108.","Podzorski, A. C. & Hakansson, H. (1987) Freshwater and marine diatoms from Palawan (a Philippine island). Bibliotheca Diatomologica Vol. 13. J. Cramer, Berlin, 245 pp.","Al-Yamani, F. Y. & Daburova, M. A. (2011) Illustrated guide on the benthic diatoms of Kuwait's marine environment. Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research, 364 pp.","Witkowski, A., Lange-Bertalot, H. & Metzeltin, D. (2000) Diatom flora of marine coasts I. Iconographia Diatomologica. Vol. 7. A. R. G. Ganter Verlag K. G., Ruggell, 925 pp.","Fernandes, L. F., Brandini, F. P., Gutseit, K. S., Fonseca, A. L. D. O. & Pellizzari, F. M. (1999) Benthic diatoms growing on glass slides in the Paranagua Bay, Southern Brazil: taxonomic structure and seasonal variation. INSULA Revista de Botanica 28: 53 - 100.","Fernandes, L. F., Eskinazi-Leca, E., Moura, Moura, A. do N. & de Oliveira, G. G. (2002) The occurrence of Nitzschia martiana (C. A. Agardh) Van Heurck (Nitzschiaceae-Bacillariophyta) in the southwestern Atlantic Ocean. Hoehnea 29: 119 - 131.","Takai, N., Yorozu, A., Tanimoto, T., Hoshika, A. & Yoshihara, K. (2004) Transport pathways of microphytobenthos-originating organic carbon in the food web of an exposed hard bottom shore in the Seto Inland Sea, Japan. Marine Ecology Progress Series 284: 97 - 108. https: // doi. org / 10.3354 / meps 284097","Chang-Ping, C. H. E. N., Ya-Hui, G. A. O. & Peng, L. I. N. (2005) Four newly recorded species of Bacillariophyta from the mangroves in China. Journal of Systematics and Evolution 44: 95 - 99. https: // doi. org / 10.1360 / aps 040085","Siqueiros-Beltrones, D. A. & Lopez-Fuerte, F. O. (2006) Epiphytic diatoms associated with red mangrove (Rhizophora mangle) prop roots in Bahia Magdalena, Baja California Sur, Mexico. Revista de Biologia Tropical 54: 287 - 297. https: // doi. org / 10.15517 / rbt. v 54 i 2.13869"]}

48. Navicula perrhombus Hustedt (Figs 102, 103) Type locality: Borneo: Miang Besar. References: Simonsen 1987, p. 163, pl. 262, figs 7–12; Witkowski et al. 2000, p. 298, pl. 141, figs 24–26; Al-Yamani & Daburova 2011, p. 110, pl. 86, figs f–i. Morphometrics: Valves 17–27 (16–25) μm long, 8–11 (7–8) μm wide, transapical striae 8–10 (10–12) in 10 μm. Remarks: This species occurred in Tahiti (Ricard 1977), the Penghu Islands of Taiwan (Li 1978), Kuwait coast (Al-Yamani & Daburova 2011) and sandflats of the Nakdong River estuary of Korea (Joh 2013). The specimens collected from the Red Sea near Eilat and Réunion Islands of the western Indean Ocean are illustrated in Witkowski et al. (2000), and it is on the check-list of epiphytic diatoms in Florida Bay compiled by Frankovich & Wachnicka (2015). In the Seogwipo coast in Jeju Island, this taxon was rarely found in the benthic sediments and seaweeds in the lagoon and pseudo-lagoons., Published as part of Joh, Gyeongje, 2021, Distribution and frequent occurrence of diatom taxa (Bacillariophyta) inhabiting warmer oceans in Seogwipo coast of Jeju Island, southernmost Korea, pp. 1-67 in Phytotaxa 517 (1) on pages 33-34, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.517.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/8061058, {"references":["Simonsen, R. (1987) Atlas and catalogue of the diatom types of Friedrich Hustedt. Vol. 1. Catalogue, 525 pp. Vol. 2. Atlas, Plates 1 - 395, Vol. 3. Atlas, Plates 396 - 772. [J. Cramer, Berlin]","Witkowski, A., Lange-Bertalot, H. & Metzeltin, D. (2000) Diatom flora of marine coasts I. Iconographia Diatomologica. Vol. 7. A. R. G. Ganter Verlag K. G., Ruggell, 925 pp.","Al-Yamani, F. Y. & Daburova, M. A. (2011) Illustrated guide on the benthic diatoms of Kuwait's marine environment. Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research, 364 pp.","Ricard, M. (1977) Ecology of diatoms from two Polynesian lagoons. Nova Hedwigia 54: 389 - 405.","Li, C. W. (1978) Notes on marine littoral diatoms of Taiwan I. Some diatoms of Pescadores. Nova Hedwigia 29: 787 - 812.","Joh, G. (2013) Species diversity of the old genus Navicula Bory (Bacillariophyta) on intertidal sand-flats in the Nakdong River estuary, Korea. Journal of ecology and environment 36: 371 - 390. https: // doi. org / 10.5141 / ecoenv. 2013.371","Frankovich, T. A. & Wachnicka, A. (2015) Epiphytic diatoms along phosphorus and salinity gradients in Florida Bay (Florida, USA), an illustrated guide and annotated checklist. In: Entry, J. A., Gottlieb, A. D., Jayachandran, K. and Ogram, A. (Eds.) Microbiology of the Everglades ecosystem. CRC Press, Boca Raton, Florida, pp. 241 - 288. https: // doi. org / 10.1201 / b 18253 - 15"]}

57. Amphora arenaria Donkin (Figs 101, 110, 207–210) Synonym: Amphora arenaria var. typica Cleve. Type locality: Along the southern portion of Northumberland shore, England. References: Witkowski et al. 2000, p. 130, pl. 168, fig. 14; Wachnicka & Gaiser 2007, p. 435, fig. 188; Hein et al. 2008, p. 41, pl. 19, figs 1, 2; Lobban et al. 2012, p. 297, pl. 53, figs 5, 6, pl. 54, figs 1, 2. Morphometrics: Valves 84–95 (52–118) μm long, 17–24 (8–18) μm wide, and transapical striae 22–23 (20–26) in 10 μm. Remarks: Amphora arenaria is very close to A. obtusa Gregory in morphology and dimensions, but the former lacks intercalary bands in the girdle and carries a narrow girdle band, in addition to a slightly sinuate ventral margin, whereas the latter contains has straight margins (Wachnicka & Gaiser 2007, Lobban et al. 2012). The two species exhibit a large difference in strial density, but broadly overlap in the range of 21–28 in 10 μm. However, it is difficult to distinguish according to strial density (Lobban et al. 2012). This taxon is widespread on the coasts of European Atlantic Ocean (Witkowski et al. 2000), and is frequently found in warmer oceans: Sesoko Island of Okinawa, Japan (Nagumo & Mayama 2000), the Florida Bay (Wachnicka & Gaiser 2007), the Bahamas of the southeastern Florida (Hein et al. 2008), and Guam and Chuuk Lagoon of the western Pacific Ocean (Lobban et al. 2012, Park et al. 2018). It is distributed along the tropical and subtropical coasts. In South Korea, it is rarely epiphytic on seaweeds along the Seogwipo coast in Jeju Island., Published as part of Joh, Gyeongje, 2021, Distribution and frequent occurrence of diatom taxa (Bacillariophyta) inhabiting warmer oceans in Seogwipo coast of Jeju Island, southernmost Korea, pp. 1-67 in Phytotaxa 517 (1) on page 36, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.517.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/8061058, {"references":["Witkowski, A., Lange-Bertalot, H. & Metzeltin, D. (2000) Diatom flora of marine coasts I. Iconographia Diatomologica. Vol. 7. A. R. G. Ganter Verlag K. G., Ruggell, 925 pp.","Wachnicka, A. H. & Gaiser, E. E. (2007) Characterization of Amphora and Seminavis from South Florida, U. S. A. Diatom Research 22: 387 - 455, 240 figs, 4 tables. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 0269249 X. 2007.9705722","Hein, M. K., Winsborough, B. M. & Sullivan, M. J. (2008) Bacillariophyta (diatoms) of the Bahamas. Iconographia Diatomologica Vol. 19. Gantner Publishing, Ruggell, Germany, 303 pp.","Lobban, C. S., Schefter, M., Jordan, R. W., Arai, Y., Sasaki, A., Theriot, E. C., Ashworth, M., Ruck, E. C. & Pennesi, C. (2012) Coral-reef diatoms (Bacillariophyta) from Guam: new records and preliminary checklist, with emphasis on epiphytic species from farmer-fish territories. Micronesica 43: 237 - 479.","Nagumo, T. & Mayama, S. (2000) Marine coastal diatoms of Sesoko Island, Okinawa Prefecture, Japan. Diatom 16: 11 - 17. https: // doi. org / 10.11464 / diatom 1985.16.0 _ 11","Park, J. S., Lobban, C. S. & Lee, K. W. (2018) Diatoms associated with seaweeds from Moen Island in Chuuk Lagoon, Micronesia. Phytotaxa 351: 101 - 140. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / phytotaxa. 351.2.1"]}

A new Microcostatus species was found during a study focusing on diatoms present on soils and among terrestrial mosses. Unlike most known European species of this genus, it has easily distinguishable striae under the light microscope and a distinct central area. Additionally, the newly described species shows lack of conopeum and pseudoconopeum. A detailed morphological characterisation using light and scanning electron microscopy of a new species from the genus Microcostatus and comparison to the most similar taxa are given.

In the course of preparation of a major checklist for Yap and ongoing investigations into the benthic marine diatom flora of Micronesia, thirteen new araphid and raphid pennate diatom species have been recognized and are described here. Plagiogramma subatomus is even smaller than P. atomus and the pseudoseptum forms a box with only a small opening toward the cell interior. Licmophora romuli is similar in size and spathulate shape to L. remulus, but the majority of the striae in the lamina lack vimines. L. graphis is exceedingly delicate, pencil-shaped, with apical striae 60–70 in 10 µm. Divergita biformis and D. decipiens are straight species with striae biseriate on the margin, uniseriate on the valve face, differing in the shape and prominence of the sternum and the shape of the valve-face areolae. D. macinnisii (from Marshall Islands, but included here for comparison) is curved, again with the decussate areolar pattern on the mantle, but with single extended areolae along each side of the linear sternum. These characters slightly amend the diagnosis of the genus. Thalassionema baculum is a very short member of the genus, linear and isopolar. Climaconeis tarangensis is curved and differs from C. riddleae in stria density and areola shape; C. minaegensis is straight, without a stauros or craticular bars, of intermediate length, 228–247 µm. First SEM observations of Climaconeis lorenzii are presented and an updated key to Climaconeis is appended. Parlibellus paschalis is a tube-dwelling species differing from P. delognei is lacking cuniculi and pores in the central area. P. waabensis is a relatively large species, possibly tube-dwelling, that differs from P. delognei in shape and spacing of central striae and from P. berkeleyi in width and stria density. Pleurosigma simulacrum differs in ultrastructural details from P. intermedium. Lastly, Nitzschia tarangensis is a conopeate species, spathulate in profile with ribs along the edge of the valve depression and bordering the raphe, and with pores in the peri-raphe zone.

Parlibellus paschalis Lobban, sp. nov. Figs 70–78. Diagnosis:— Differing from P. delognei (Van Heurck 1880: pl. 11) E.J. Cox 1988: 19 in lacking the cuniculus and pores in the central area and smaller size, and from P. berkeleyi (Kützing 1849: 106) E.J. Cox 1988: 21 in width and stria density. Description:— Tube-dwelling cells with plastids reminiscent of a hot cross bun in valve view, a butterfly in girdle view (Figs 70–72). Frustules, often remaining together after acid cleaning (Fig. 73), with numerous copulae (Fig. 74). Valves elliptico-lanceolate, 28–35 µm long, 10.5–12.5 µm wide (Figs 75–78). Striae 25–26 in 10 µm except slightly more distant (21 in 10 µm) in those adjacent to central area, weakly radiate in the central area, otherwise parallel, continuing around the apices (Figs 75–78). Striae punctate, the external areolae openings circular to transapically elongate, internally circular. Areolae closest to the raphe sternum somewhat more prominent (Fig. 77, arrow). Central area lacking isolated pores. External central raphe endings 4–6 striae apart, straight, extending into the narrowly oval central area, which as defined by the line of areolae is 11–12 striae long. External terminal raphe endings subapical (ca. 5 striae short of apex) with a small hook into a small hyaline area 1–2 striae wide. Internal raphe endings straight, a small helictoglossa at each terminus; no cuniculi at the central endings. Holotype hic designatus:— specimen at 16.1 mm E and 9.7 mm S of the mark on slide 192, deposited at ANSP, accession # ANSP-GC20094. Fig. 75. Registration: http://phycobank.org/102762. Type locality:— GUAM: Apra Harbor, GabGab reef, 13.443 N, 144.643 E, farmer fish (Plectroglyphidodon lacrimatus) territory 7–8 m depth, sample GU44L-C. C.S. Lobban and M. Schefter, 2 March 2008. Etymology:— paschalis, L. adjective referring to Easter, with reference to the resemblance of the live cells in valve view to the Eastertime bakery item, hot cross buns. Additional Records:— GUAM: GabGab reef, Apra Harbor, GU44I-2!, GU44K-6!. Comments:— This species is most like P. delognei f. elliptica (Lobban 1983: 287) Cox 1988: 21 but differs in lacking the cuniculus that is characteristic of both forms of delognei, along with associated pores in the central area. [A cuniculus (Ross et al. 1979, Cox 1978) “comprises a simple pore in the external central area connecting with an elongate perforate raised structure terminating the internal raphe fissures in the central area.”] It is also shorter and narrower than that form, though wider than P. berkeleyi. The colony structure is similar to the narrow threads of the nominate variety of P. delognei but much different from the large, cold-water colonies of var. elliptica (Cox 1988, Lobban 1983). The stria density is higher than other similar species (Table 2), including P. berkeleyi (16–18 in 10 µm)., Published as part of Lobban, Christopher S., 2021, New species of benthic marine diatoms (Bacillariophyta) from the Western Pacific islands of Guam and Yap, pp. 235-265 in Phytotaxa 508 (3) on pages 251-252, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.508.3.1, http://zenodo.org/record/5425968, {"references":["Van Heurck, H. (1880) Synopsis des Diatomees de Belgique Atlas. Anvers: Ducaju et Cie. pls I - XXX [pls 1 - 30].","Cox, E. J. (1988) Taxonomic studies on the diatom genus Navicula. V. The establishment of Parlibellus gen. nov. for some members of Navicula sect. Microstigmaticae. Diatom Research 3: 9 - 38. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 0269249 X. 1988.9705014","Kutzing, F. T. (1849) Species algarum. pp. [i] - vi, [1] - 922. Lipsiae [Leipzig]: F. A. Brockhaus.","Lobban, C. S. (1983) Colony and frustule morphology of three tube-dwelling diatoms from eastern Canada. Journal of Phycology 19: 281 - 289. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 0022 - 3646.1983.00281. x","Ross, R., Cox, E. J., Karayeva, N. I., Mann, D. G., Paddock, T. B. B., Simonsen, R. & Sims, P. A. (1979) An amended terminology for the siliceous components of the diatom cell. Nova Hedwigia Beihefte 64: 513 - 533.","Cox, E. J. (1978) Taxonomic studies on the diatom genus Navicula Bory. Navicula grevillii (C. A. Ag.) Heiberg and N. comoides (Dillwyn) H. & M. Peragallo. Botanical Journal of the Linnaean Society 76: 127 - 143. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1095 - 8339.1978. tb 01502. x"]}

Climaconeis tarangensis Lobban, sp. nov. Figs 45–49. Diagnosis:— Curved species without craticular bars or stauros, differing from Climaconeis riddleae A.K.S.K. Prasad 2003: 14 in its lower stria density (20 vs 24–27 in 10 µm) and regular apically rectangular areolae. Description:— Living cells not observed. Valves arcuate, 121–124 µm long, 4.5 µm wide at center, gradually tapering to 3.0 µm just before the weakly capitate apices, 3.5 µm wide (Fig. 45). Striae 20–21 in 10 µm, parallel except convergent near apices and radiating around the apex; areolae apically rectangular (Figs 46–49). Raphe biarcuate (Fig. 45), the raphe slit partially covered by an irregular flap along the ventral side (Figs 46, 47). External central raphe endings turned slightly ventral, terminal endings nearly straight. Internal raphe with a rib along one side, helictoglossa at the apex (Figs. 48, 49). Copulae with two rows of apically-oriented pores similar to those on the valve (Figs 46, 47). Holotype hic designatus:— Specimen at 9.0 mm E, 6.4 mm S of the mark on slide 512, deposited at ANSP, accession # ANSP-GC20095. Fig. 45. Registration: http://phycobank.org/102760. Type locality:— F.S.M. Yap State: Tarang (“ O’Keefe’s Island ”), 9.525 N, 138.132 E; subtidal sediments from 15 m depth, sample Y26 C. C.S. Lobban and M. Schefter, 25 September 1988 . Etymology:— Named for the type locality. Comments:— This species is very similar to C. riddleae, which has been recorded from Guam (Lobban et al. 2011) and Chuuk (Park et al. in prep.), but Prasad (2003) described the areolae of that species thus: “squarish or subrectangular poroids… [sometimes] slightly apically elongated, especially at the apices.” In C. tarangensis the areolae are distinctly apically elongate even in the central part of the cell. Prasad’s images show a row of somewhat larger, square areolae along the ventral side of the raphe sternum (the same side that bears the silica flaps). While the differences in stria density and areola shape are small, it has become clear in this genus that such details must be taken into account in discriminating species [e.g., in distinguishing C. mabikii J.Park, Khim & J.H.Lee 2016: 592 from C. undulata (Meister 1932: 41) Lobban, Ashworth & E.C.Theriot 2010: 295 – Park et al. 2016]. For C. tarangensis, with C. riddleae known from the region, it is especially clear that the differences cannot be dismissed as geographic variation between Atlantic and Pacific Ocean basins., Published as part of Lobban, Christopher S., 2021, New species of benthic marine diatoms (Bacillariophyta) from the Western Pacific islands of Guam and Yap, pp. 235-265 in Phytotaxa 508 (3) on page 246, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.508.3.1, http://zenodo.org/record/5425968, {"references":["Prasad, A. K. S. K. (2003) Fine structure and taxonomy of two species of the marine diatom genus Climaconeis (Berkeleyaceae, Bacillariophyta): C. silvae sp. nov. and C. riddleae sp. nov. from the Caribbean Sea and Florida Bay, U. S. A. Hidrobiologica 13: 9 - 22. [http: // www. scielo. org. mx / scielo. php? script = sci _ arttext & pid = S 0188 - 88972003000100002]","Lobban, C. S., Schefter, M. & Ruck, E. C. (2011) Licmophora flucticulata sp. nov. (Licmophoraceae, Bacillariophyceae), an unusual flabellate species from Guam and Palau. Phycologia 50: 11 - 22. https: // doi. org / 10.2216 / 09 - 85.1","Meister, F. (1932) Kieselalgen aus Asien. Berlin: Gebruder Bornetraeger.","Park, J., Lee, J. H. & Khim, J. S. (2016) The identity of ' Berkeleya scopulorum ' from northeast Asia: report on Climaconeis mabikii sp. nov. from temperate marine waters with notes on biogeography of the genus. Ocean Science Journal 51: 591 - 598. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / s 12601 - 016 - 0059 - z"]}