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53. The �� Infrared Search for Extraterrestrial Civilizations with Large Energy Supplies. III. The Reddest Extended Sources in WISE

Author

Griffith, Roger L., Wright, Jason T., Maldonado, Jessica, Povich, Matthew S., Sigurdsson, Steinn, and Mullan, Brendan

Subjects
Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA), FOS: Physical sciences
Abstract

Nearby Type III (galaxy-spanning) Kardashev supercivilizations would have high mid-infrared (MIR) luminosities. We have used the Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer (WISE) to survey ~$1 \times 10^5$ galaxies for extreme MIR emission, $10^3$ times more galaxies than the only previous such search. We have calibrated the WISE All-sky Catalog pipeline products to improve its photometry for extended sources. We present 563 extended sources with $|b| \ge 10$ and red MIR colors, having visually vetted them to remove artifacts. No galaxies in our sample host an alien civilization reprocessing more than 85% of its starlight into the MIR, and only 50 galaxies, including Arp 220, have MIR luminosities consistent with >50% reprocessing. Ninety of these (likely) extragalactic sources have little literature presence; in most cases they are likely barely resolved galaxies or pairs of galaxies undergoing large amounts of star formation. Five are new to science and deserve further study. The Be star 48 Librae sits within a MIR nebula, and we suggest that it may be creating dust. WISE, 2MASS, and Spitzer imagery shows that IRAS 04287+6444 is consistent with a previously unnoticed, heavily extinguished cluster of young stellar objects. We identify five "passive" (i.e. red) spiral galaxies with unusually high MIR and low NUV luminosity. We search a set of optically "dark" HI galaxies for MIR emission, and find none. These 90 poorly understood sources and five anomalous passive spirals deserve follow-up via both SETI and conventional astrophysics., ApJS 217 25. 44pp, 9 tables, 25 figures. Due to limitations of arXiv LaTeX compilation, figures are sub-optimally placed and tables are not landscape. See http://astro.psu.edu/~jtwright/Dyson/GHAT3.pdf for version with full resolution figures and fully legible tables

Published
2015
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61. Hidden gem: Greek Peak Nordic Center

Author

Mullan, Brendan

Subjects
Ski resorts, Skis and skiing
Abstract

Lately, the depressing onslaught of mild winters has avid Nordic skiers in the Mid.-Atlantic', states packing up their skis and seeking snowy conditions elsewhere. But rather than having to schlep [...]

Published
2009

68. The Internet, Marriage, Gender, and Partner Selection: A Russo-American Case Study.

Author

Dovlatov, Alex and Mullan, Brendan

Subjects
GLOBALIZATION, MARRIAGE, CAPITALISM, INDIVIDUALISM, TECHNOLOGICAL innovations, INTERNATIONAL relations, SOCIAL movements
Abstract

There are profound consequences in the structural phenomenon of societies breaking free from the hold of tradition and custom through the twin forces of globalization and the knowledge economy. Individualism has made itself felt throughout race, ethnic, gender, and family relations. But individualism is more than selfishness or the rank consumerism endorsed by the expansion of a market economy. It also includes the ability to harness the power of technology to control, direct, and manipulate resources and opportunities at a totally individual level. This paper examines the phenomenon of Internet Marriage Brokers within the context of increased globalization, international migration, and internet technology. We explicitly include an international comparative analysis of on-line computer mediated relationship brokerages by building a base-line data set to enable the comparison of on-line user characteristics within the United States and Russia and across these two countries. Beyond a straightforward exploration and description of on-line users socio-demographic characteristics, we build an age profile for both male and female users, we examine the age and age preference differences by gender between the age of the on-line client and the age of their ideal partner, and we explain variation in the age-preference profile of users in terms of their socio-economic background characteristics. ..PAT.-Unpublished Manuscript [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2006

69. Power and the Politics of Information: A Critical Review of Globalization Measurement and Implications.

Author

Shwom, Rachael, Mullan, Brendan, and Colleen, Wilson

Subjects
INTERNATIONAL relations, GLOBALIZATION, INTERNATIONAL business enterprises, POLITICAL indicators, POWER (Social sciences)
Abstract

To understand the complex interrelated social, cultural, and economics causes, content, and consequences of globalization locally, nationally and regionally serious questions are now being asked about the reliability and validity of empirical indicators of globalization. How globalization is conceptualized, measured, and correlated with other trends will impact decisions on promoting or resisting globalization and has the power to mobilize change or justify inequalities. This paper assesses the implications of power and the politics of information for the three institutional efforts to empirically measure globalization: 1) Academia 2) Corporations and 3) International Development Institutions. For each of these efforts we assess a) the stated motivation and reasons for the measurement effort b) the operationalization of globalization and c) the sources of data utilized and scale of measurement. This initial assessment finds that globalization has been operationalized by the majority of efforts reviewed as dominantly economic. We find that data collected by development institutions and private industry is almost exclusively used in measurement efforts. Measurements are most often undertaken at the nation state level with limited analysis at different scales and alternative sources of data. In conclusion, we discuss the implication of these findings for future measurement efforts and the battle over globalization. ..PAT.-Unpublished Manuscript [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2006

71. INTRODUCTION: RESEARCHING HUMAN MIGRATION AND ITS IMPACTS.

Author

Mullan, Brendan P. and Schwarzweller, Harry K.

Subjects
EMIGRATION & immigration, SOCIOECONOMICS, DEMOGRAPHY, POPULATION, POPULATION geography, SOCIOLOGY
Abstract

The causes and consequences of human migration and population distribution are difficult to specify. They involve not only population growth or decline and demographic disturbances, but they also have very deep social, economic and political dimensions that often seem to defy most sophisticated analytical techniques and theoretical models. Economic betterment is a dominant motive for migration. Migration flows are the cumulative results of individual decisions based on a rational evaluation of the benefits and costs of moving. The expected net return to an individual can be calculated to predict his or her migration. But this neoclassical perspective has been strongly criticized by structuralists. They believe that individual and structural elements are simultaneously involved in determining human migration patterns and processes. Migration decisions are inevitably made by actors who weigh the costs and benefits of movement, but these decisions are always made with reference to social and economic realities.

Published
1998

72. Smooth and Starburst Tidal Tails in the GEMS and GOODS Fields

Author

Meloy, Debra, Elmegreen, Bruce G., Ferguson, Thomas, and Mullan, Brendan

Abstract

GEMS and GOODS fields were examined to z ~ 1.4 for galaxy interactions and mergers. The basic morphologies are familiar: antennae with long tidal tails, tidal dwarfs, and merged cores; M51-type galaxies with disk spirals and tidal arm companions; early-type galaxies with diffuse plumes; equal-mass grazing collisions; and thick J-shaped tails beaded with star formation and double cores. One type is not common locally and is apparently a loose assemblage of smaller galaxies. Photometric measurements were made of the tails and clumps, and physical sizes were determined assuming photometric redshifts. Antennae tails are a factor of ~3 smaller in GEMS and GOODS systems compared to local antennae; their disks are a factor of ~2 smaller than locally. Collisions among early type galaxies generally show no fine structure in their tails, indicating that stellar debris is usually not unstable. One exception has a 5 x 109 M smooth red clump that could be a pure stellar condensation. Most tidal dwarfs are blue and probably form by gravitational instabilities in the gas. One tidal dwarf looks like it existed previously and was incorporated into the arm tip by tidal forces. The star-forming regions in tidal arms are 10-1000 times more massive than star complexes in local galaxies, although their separations are about the same. If they all form by gravitational instabilities, then the gaseous velocity dispersions in interacting galaxies have to be larger than in local galaxies by a factor of ~5 or more; the gas column densities have to be larger by the square of this factor.

Published
2007

73. Additional file 2: of CSF H3F3A K27M circulating tumor DNA copy number quantifies tumor growth and in vitro treatment response

Author

Stallard, Stefanie, Savelieff, Masha, Wierzbicki, Kyle, Mullan, Brendan, Miklja, Zachary, Bruzek, Amy, Garcia, Taylor, Siada, Ruby, Anderson, Bailey, Singer, Benjamin, Rintaro Hashizume, Carcaboso, Angel, McMurray, Kaitlin, Heth, Jason, Muraszko, Karin, Robertson, Patricia, Rajen Mody, Sriram Venneti, Garton, Hugh, and Koschmann, Carl

Subjects
3. Good health
Abstract

Figure S1. Serial dilution of K27M mutant oligonucleotide in constant background of wild-type DNA demonstrates consistent detection down to at least 2% VAF under typical experimental conditions, with the possibility of detection at even lower VAF under ideal conditions. One such dilution series is shown above, with (a) showing number of droplets positive for mutant or wild-type H3F3A sequence and (b) showing the corresponding VAF values. Figure S2. Plot of droplets (blue â positive mutant H3F3A K27M, green â positive wildtype H3F3A, grey â negative droplets) from ddPCR performed on (a) non-tumor human CSF spiked with synthetic K27M mutant sequence oligonucleotide and (b) non-tumor human CSF alone. (DOCX 268 kb)

74. Additional file 1: of CSF H3F3A K27M circulating tumor DNA copy number quantifies tumor growth and in vitro treatment response

Author

Stallard, Stefanie, Savelieff, Masha, Wierzbicki, Kyle, Mullan, Brendan, Miklja, Zachary, Bruzek, Amy, Garcia, Taylor, Siada, Ruby, Anderson, Bailey, Singer, Benjamin, Rintaro Hashizume, Carcaboso, Angel, McMurray, Kaitlin, Heth, Jason, Muraszko, Karin, Robertson, Patricia, Rajen Mody, Sriram Venneti, Garton, Hugh, and Koschmann, Carl

Subjects
3. Good health
Abstract

Supplemental Information. Detailed methods and H3F3A K27M assay design. (DOCX 28 kb)

75. Additional file 1: of CSF H3F3A K27M circulating tumor DNA copy number quantifies tumor growth and in vitro treatment response

Author

Stallard, Stefanie, Savelieff, Masha, Wierzbicki, Kyle, Mullan, Brendan, Miklja, Zachary, Bruzek, Amy, Garcia, Taylor, Siada, Ruby, Anderson, Bailey, Singer, Benjamin, Rintaro Hashizume, Carcaboso, Angel, McMurray, Kaitlin, Heth, Jason, Muraszko, Karin, Robertson, Patricia, Rajen Mody, Sriram Venneti, Garton, Hugh, and Koschmann, Carl

Subjects
3. Good health
Abstract

Supplemental Information. Detailed methods and H3F3A K27M assay design. (DOCX 28 kb)

76. Additional file 2: of CSF H3F3A K27M circulating tumor DNA copy number quantifies tumor growth and in vitro treatment response

Author

Stallard, Stefanie, Savelieff, Masha, Wierzbicki, Kyle, Mullan, Brendan, Miklja, Zachary, Bruzek, Amy, Garcia, Taylor, Siada, Ruby, Anderson, Bailey, Singer, Benjamin, Rintaro Hashizume, Carcaboso, Angel, McMurray, Kaitlin, Heth, Jason, Muraszko, Karin, Robertson, Patricia, Rajen Mody, Sriram Venneti, Garton, Hugh, and Koschmann, Carl

Subjects
3. Good health
Abstract

Figure S1. Serial dilution of K27M mutant oligonucleotide in constant background of wild-type DNA demonstrates consistent detection down to at least 2% VAF under typical experimental conditions, with the possibility of detection at even lower VAF under ideal conditions. One such dilution series is shown above, with (a) showing number of droplets positive for mutant or wild-type H3F3A sequence and (b) showing the corresponding VAF values. Figure S2. Plot of droplets (blue â positive mutant H3F3A K27M, green â positive wildtype H3F3A, grey â negative droplets) from ddPCR performed on (a) non-tumor human CSF spiked with synthetic K27M mutant sequence oligonucleotide and (b) non-tumor human CSF alone. (DOCX 268 kb)

77. T-type voltage-gated Ca 2+ channels do not contribute to the negative feedback regulation of myogenic tone in murine superior epigastric arteries.

Author

Mullan B, Pettis J, and Jackson WF

Abstract

T-type voltage-gated Ca 2+ channels (CaV3.2 VGCC) have been hypothesized to control spontaneous transient outward currents (STOCs) through large-conductance Ca 2+ -activated K + channels (BK Ca ), and contribute to the negative-feedback regulation of myogenic tone. We tested this hypothesis in superior epigastric arteries (SEAs) isolated from male C57BL/6 mice. SEAs were isolated and enzymatically dissociated to obtain single smooth muscle cells (SMCs) for whole-cell recording of paxilline-sensitive (PAX, 1  μ mol/L) STOCs at -30 mV, or cannulated and studied by pressure myography (80 cm H 2 O, 37°C). The CaV3.2 blocker Ni 2+ (30  μ mol/L) had no effect on STOC amplitude (20.1 ± 1.7 pA vs. 20.6 ± 1.7 pA; n  = 12, P  = 0.6), but increased STOC frequency (0.79 ± 0.15 Hz vs. 1.21 ± 0.22 Hz; n  = 12, P  = 0.02). Although Ni 2+ produced concentration-dependent constriction of isolated, pressurized SEAs (logEC 50  = -5.8 ± 0.09; E max  = 72 ± 5% constriction), block of BK Ca with PAX had no effect on vasoconstriction induced by 30  μ mol/L Ni 2+ (in the absence of PAX = 66 ± 4% constriction vs. in the presence of 1  μ mol/L PAX = 65 ± 4% constriction; n  = 7, P  = 0.06). In contrast to Ni 2+ , the nonselective T-type blocker, mibefradil, produced only vasodilation (logEC 50  = -6.9 ± 0.2; E max  = 74 ± 8% dilation), whereas the putative T-type blocker, ML218, had no significant effect on myogenic tone between 10 nmol/L and 10  μ mol/L ( n  = 6-7, P  = 0.59). Our data do not support a role for CaV3.2 VGCC in the negative-feedback regulation of myogenic tone in murine SEAs and suggest that Ni 2+ may constrict SEAs by means other than block of CaV3.2 VGCC.

Published
2017
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78. Solar evolution.

Author

Mullan, Brendan

Subjects
Stellar evolution, Solar evolution, Solar cycle
Abstract

The Sun was born a little over 4.5 billion years ago from a ten-kelvin interstellar cloud, roughly 1014 kilometers across, of cold atomic and molecular gas. Triggered by an event like a nearby supernova, supersonic turbulence in the cloud caused a compressed region to collapse under its own gravity, fragmenting into smaller (on the order of 1012 kilometers) pieces on a timescale of about two million years. These clumps flattened into disks from their angular momenta, feeding the disk centers as they collapsed. In the disk that would become our solar system, the center accumulated one to two solar masses after an additional 104 years and became opaque to its own radiation. Consequently, the central temperature rose to about 10,000 kelvins, and the collapsing mass became a protostar within another 105 years.

Published
2023

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