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Food webs on forest trees include plant pathogens, arthropods, and their natural enemies. To increase the understanding of the impact of a plant pathogen on herbivore-natural enemy interactions, we studied the powdery mildew fungus Erysiphe alphitoides, the phytophagous mite Schizotetranychus garmani, and the predatory and mycophagous mite Euseius finlandicus in pedunculate oak (Quercus robur) leaves. In June, July and August of 2016, we assessed the severity of powdery mildew, mite population density and adult female mite size in 30 trees in three forests near Belgrade, Serbia. In August, the infection severity of E. alphitoides related positively to the population density of S. garmani and negatively to the body size of S. garmani females. Throughout the vegetative season, the infection severity of E. alphitoides related positively to the population density of E. finlandicus but not to its body size. The effect of E. alphitoides on the population density and adult size of S. garmani was not mediated by the population density of E. finlandicus, and vice versa. Interactions were consistent in all forests and varied with the summer month. Our findings indicate that E. alphitoides can influence the average body size and population densities of prey and predatory mites studied, irrespective of predator-prey relationships.

Proučavanja fitopatogenih gljiva i pseudogljiva u našoj zemlji imaju dugu tradiciju, a početak se uglavnom povezuje sa osnivanjem Poljoprivredno-šumarskog fakulteta davne 1919. godine. Fitopatogene gljive su danas u svetu široko poznati patogeni koji pričinjavaju oko 70% šteta od svih biljnih bolesti. U Srbiji, fitopatogene gljive i pseudogljive takođe redovno nanose velike štete u biljnoj proizvodnji pa su među proizvođačima prepoznate kao važni uzročnici gubitaka koji se mogu sprečiti ili ublažiti samo uz podršku nauke. Po svemu, istraživanja fitopatogenih gljiva i pseudogljiva danas predstavljaju jednu dobro profilisanu i značajnu oblast primenjenih istaživanja.

Primena biometrijskih tehnologija danas u ljudskom društvu postaje sve češća, gotovo da možemo konstatovati da je ona deo naše svakodnevnice. Prilikom implementacije biometrijske autentikacije, svaki sistem ima svoje zahteve i ograničenja, u zavisnosti od konkretnog scenarija u kojem se sistem koristi. Za odabir odgovarajućeg biometrijskog modaliteta, kao i algoritama za rad sa biometrijskim modalitetom, neophodno je sprovesti odgovarajuću evaluaciju performansi rada biometrijskog sistema. Ipak, ovu evaluaciju nije uvek lako sprovesti, kako za unimodalne, tako i za multimodalne biometrijske sisteme. Čak i kada su dostupne javne baze biometrijskih podataka za evaluaciju algoritama određenog biometrijskog modaliteta, potrebno je prilagoditi rad sistema protokolu testiranja koji konkretna baza definiše. U slučaju multimodalnog pristupa, evaluacija se dodatno komplikuje usled upotrebe različitih algoritama za fuziju informacija. Kako u dostupnoj relevantnoj literaturi nije pronađen detaljan prikaz modela evaluacije multimodalnih biometrijskih sistema, a radi prevazilaženja ovih teškoća, u okviru ovog doktorata definisan je objedinjeni model evaluacije multimodalnih biometrijskih sistema. Za definisanje ovog modela primenjena je MDA (Model Driven Architecture) paradigma. U okviru objedinjenog modela dat je metamodel evaluacije multimodalnih biometrijskih sistema, koji predstavlja svojevrsnu ontologiju pojmova značajnih za ovu oblast. Primenom ovog metamodela, moguće je kreirati modele evaluacije različitih biometrijskih sistema. Na osnovu modela evaluacije multimodalnih biometrijskih sistema kreiran je prototip okvira za evaluaciju multimodalnih biometrijskih sistema. Pomoću predloženog okvira moguća je evaluacija performansi multimodalnog biometrijskog sistema u različitim slučajevima korišćenja. Eksperimentalni rezultati evaluacije nad konkretnom bazom i algoritmima pokazuju da primena okvira skraćuje za četiri puta vreme potrebno za evaluaciju. Razvijena je i nova met, Application of biometric technologies in our contemporary human society is getting more frequent, so we can almost state that biometric technologies are part of our everyday life. When implementing biometric authentication, each system has specific requirements and constraints, which depend on the actual scenario in which the system is being used. In order to choose the adequate biometric modality, and also a fitting algorithm for the chosen modality, it is necessary to perform an evaluation of the biometric system performance. However, this evaluation is not always easy to conduct. This fact is true for both the unimodal and multimodal biometric systems. Even when open biometrics databases are available for evaluation, it is necessary to adapt system to work with testing protocol of the chosen open database. Moreover, if the biometric system uses multiple biometric modalities, evaluation gets even more complicated because of different available fusion algorithms. In order to overcome these difficulties, as there is not a detailed model of multimodal biometric systems available in relevant literature, this thesis presents a unified multimodal biometric systems evaluation model. Presented model is based on MDA (Model Driven Architecture) paradigm. A part of the unified multimodal biometric systems evaluation model is the metamodel of multimodal biometric system evaluation, which represents an ontology of terms used in this domain. Based on unified multimodal biometric systems evaluation model, a prototype framework for multimodal biometrics systems evaluation has been created. By using proposed framework it is possible to evaluate performance of multimodal biometric system in different use cases. Experimental evaluation results based on used database and algorithms show that the use of framework shortens time necessary for evaluation to a quarter of previously required time. Also, a new analytical method for biometric system threshold optimization, based on the prede

This paper presents a research study conducted in a specially developed laboratory for biometric engineering education. The laboratory gives students an opportunity to learn more about fingerprint acquisition and analyze the impact of acquisition on other parts of the biometric authentication process. An IoT approach was used, as different types of sensors (biometric sensors, thermometer, and humidity sensor) and components (heaters and workstations) were included in setting up a working surface for biometric data acquisition. Working surfaces create a network where data collected from each working station is recorded in a database. In parallel with biometric data acquisition, environmental condition parameters are recorded. Collected data is available to students for later analysis through the use of a specially developed visualization tool. In order to fully utilize the possibilities the laboratory provides, a flipped classroom approach was used. An evaluation study was done as a part of the course of Biometric technology held at the University of Belgrade. Research results show improvements in student learning outcomes and motivation.

Phytophthora cinnamomi is one of the most invasive tree pathogens that devastates wild and cultivated forests. Due to its wide host range, knowledge of the infection process at the molecular level is lacking for most of its tree hosts. To expand the repertoire of studied Phytophthora-woody plant interactions and identify molecular mechanisms that can facilitate discovery of novel ways to control its spread and damaging effects, we focused on the interaction between P. cinnamomi and sweet chestnut (Castanea sativa), an economically important tree for the wood processing industry. By using a combination of proteomics, metabolomics, and targeted hormonal analysis, we mapped the effects of P. cinnamomi attack on stem tissues immediately bordering the infection site and away from it. P. cinnamomi led to a massive reprogramming of the chestnut proteome and accumulation of the stress-related hormones salicylic acid (SA) and jasmonic acid (JA), indicating that stem inoculation can be used as an easily accessible model system to identify novel molecular players in P. cinnamomi pathogenicity., info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess

A new economic trend in the financing of projects, start-ups, innovative projects and many other projects from various fields (music, film, games) is widespread today and its called crowdfunding or group financing. With the development of new technologies, and thus social networks around the world, it creates the possibility and potential advantage of associating around the world in raising funds in an alternative way. Crowdfunding can be organized in several forms or models. The basic division is the one that is carried out by the European Commission: Reward-based crowdfunding, Donation-based crowdfunding, Share-based crowdfunding and Investment-based crowdfunding. The crowdfunding market is constantly growing. As conditions for traditional funding become more stringent, crowdfunding could be a potential key to success. Prospects for the development of crowdfunding in Bosnia and Herzegovina and Croatia are reflected in the legal regulation of this method of financing, which would facilitate administrative work, reduce handling costs and create legal certainty. Following the established regulations, intensive attention should be dedicated to the promotion of crowdfunding and "raising awareness" of citizens, pointing out the possible benefits and advantages that it offers. This will take some time, so that in the foreseeable future, alternative financing of crowdfunding will gain in importance in Bosnia and Herzegovina and Croatia., Novi ekonomski trend u finansiranju projekata, start-up preduzeća, inovativnih projekata i mnogih drugih projekata iz raznih oblasti (muzika, film, igrice) je danas širom sveta rasprostranjen i naziva se Crowdfunding ili grupno finansiranje. Razvojem novih tehnologija, a time i društvenih mreža širom sveta stvara mogućnost i potencijalnu prednost udruživanja širom sveta u prikupljanju sredstava na alternativni način. Crowdfunding može biti organizovan u više oblika, odnosno modela. Baznična podela je ona koju je izvršila Evropska komisija: Crowdfunding zasnovan na nagradama, Crowdfunding zasnovan na donacijama, Crowdfunding zasnovan na udelima i Crowdfunding zasnovan na investiranju. Tržište Crowdfunding-a je u stalnom porastu. Kako se uslovi kod tradicionalnih načina finansiranja sve više zaoštravaju, Crowdfunding bi mogao biti potencijalni ključ uspeha. Perspektive razvoja Crowdfunding-a u Bosni i Hercegovini i Hrvatskoj se ogledaju u zakonskom regulisanju ovog načina finansiranja, čime bi se olakašali administrativni poslovi, snizili manipulativni troškovi i stvorila pravna sigurnost. Nakon utvrđene regulative bi se trebalo intezivno posevetiti promociji Crowdfunding-a i „buđenja svesti“ građana, ukazivajući na moguće pogodnosti i prednosti koje on nudi. Za ovo je potrebno izvesno vreme, tako da će u doglednoj budućnosti alternativni način finansiranja Crowdfunding dobiti na značaju i u Bosni i Hercegovini i Hrvatskoj.