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Increasing demand for parallelism due to out-of-order and multi-threading computation requires fast and dense arrays with multi-port capabilities. The load-store-unit (LSU) of the POWER7™ microprocessor core has a 32kB L1 data cache composed of four 8kB blocks. In a two-cycle back-to-back operation it supports concurrently two independent read and one write operations. Organized in banks of 16 cells each, the two reads operate independently in any of these banks, including two reads within the same bank, even the same cell. A bank selected for write is blocked for any read operation. If read and write collide within the same bank, collision-control circuitry provides write-over-read priority. Each read port provides 4B from 1 of 256 locations, whereas the double-bandwidth write operation provides individual control of 8B to 128 locations.

Almost all land plants have developed a symbiosis with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi. Establishment of the association is accompanied by structural changes in the plant root. During arbuscule formation fungal hyphae penetrate the root apoplast and install highly specialized interfaces for solute transport between plant and fungus. The periarbuscular membrane which is part of the plant plasma membrane surrounding arbuscular structures was shown to harbour a high density of different transport systems. Among these also expression of aquaporins was described, which potentially can act as a low affinity transport system for ammonia or ammonium. The present study provides data for expression, localization and function of plant aquaporins in the periarbuscular membrane of mycorrhizal Medicago truncatula plants.

Es kommt zu unaufloslichen Widerspruchen. Letztlich beruhen diese Widerspruche auf dem wohl unuberbruckbaren Gegensatz von verstandnisbezogener und handlungsanweisungsgebender Weltsicht, d.h. dass hier das Problem besteht, dass eine verstandnisbezogene Sicht letztlich in ihren Ergebnissen nicht „eindeutig genug“ erscheint, um Grundlage fur eine direkt auf Handlungsanweisungen ausgerichtete Sicht zu sein.

Bei der Gegenuberstellung der linguistischen Analyse und der juristischen Analyse ist grds. zu beachten, dass eine linguistische Analyse primar das Verstehen eines Textes als Ziel hat, wahrend eine juristische Analyse primar auf eine Handlungsanweisung ausgerichtet ist. Dadurch ergeben sich schon im vorhinein gewisse Kompatibilitatsprobleme, die unter Umstanden den Eindruck entstehen lassen, die juristischen Methoden zur Ermittlung der tatsachlichen Aussage einer Auserung seien „oberflachlich“.

Background: Low-molecular-weight heparin (LMWH) is supposed to be advantageous compared to unfractionated heparin for chronic hemodialysis (HD) with respect to lipid and bone metabolism, polymorphonuclear cell stimulation, induction of antibody-mediated thrombocytopenia, and aldosterone suppression. Due to longer biological half-life, LMWH offers the possibility of single bolus administration. Methods: To assess safety and efficacy of single bolus anticoagulation with enoxaparin for chronic HD, 781 stable HD patients from 79 German dialysis centers (mean age 62 years; 31% ESRD due to diabetes mellitus) were monitored by clinical and laboratory parameters for 32 weeks. Additionally, in a single dialysis center, 22 chronic HD patients were investigated by molecular markers of coagulation during chronic HD under conditions of single bolus or continuous anticoagulation regimens. Anti-Xa activity and the thrombin- antithrombin-III complex (TAT) were determined before the enoxaparin bolus, after 15 min, 2 h, and at the end of HD in venous and arterial blood lines. Results: Chronic HD was performed in 24,117 HD treatments with enoxaparin at a median dose of 70.1 IU/kg (5,000 IU median total dose) for single bolus anticoagulation. In 83.0% of HD treatments, enoxaparin was given as single bolus. In 98.3% of patients no adverse event was reported. No drug-related severe adverse event occurred. Significant clotting problems were observed in only 0.3% of HD treatments with single bolus anticoagulation. As assessed in 257 HD treatments, essentially identical anti-Xa levels were detected at the end of HD with single bolus (50 IU/kg) or continuous (mean total dose 43 IU/kg) anticoagulation regimens. Bolus anticoagulation resulted in higher TAT generation at the end of HD. However, this was not associated with increased macroscopic clot formation. Conclusion: Single bolus anticoagulation with enoxaparin was safe and effective for chronic HD. For a duration of 4 h HD, a median dose of 70 IU/kg can be recommended for regular use, which is in accordance with the manufacturer’s instructions for use of enoxaparin recommending a range of 50–100 IU/kg.

In diesem Kapitel geht es darum, die Grundlagen fUr eine praktische Umsetzung der in den vorangegangenen Kapiteln gemachten theoretischen Erwagungen zu legen.341 Es bildet somit den zweiten Schwerpunkt dieser Arbeit.

In diesem Kapitel geht es darum, eine praktische Umsetzbarkeit der vorangegangenen theoretischen Erwagungen vorzubereiten. Hierzu sind zwei Schritte notwendig: Zum einen ist ein Programm zu entwerfen, nach dem bei der Analyse vorgegangen werden kann. Zur Kontrolle dieser Analysemethode ist dann ein weiteres Programm zu entwerfen, mit dem kontrolliert werden kann, ob wirklich mit der in dieser Arbeit vorgeschlagenen Methode relevante Ergebnisse gefunden werden konnen.

Die Ausgangslage dieser Arbeit bilden drei Aspekte, die einleitend betrachtet werden sollen: Es soll betrachtet werden, welche Autoren von literarischen Texten sich mit Kriminalitat beschaftigen und unter welchen Gesichtspunkten sie dies tun. Es soll dann ein Uberblick darUber gegeben werden, wie in den bisherigen Primar- und Sekundaranalysen versucht wurde, literarische Texte unter kriminologischen Gesichtspunkten auszuwerten. Schlieslich soll gezeigt werden, welche Eigenschaften und Funktionen Literatur hat, die sie fUr kriminologische Analysen interessant macht.

Wie in den AusfUhrungen zur Hermeneutik gezeigt wurde, kommt es entscheidend darauf an, dass eine Wechselbeziehung zwischen dem Objekt einerseits, hier also dem literarischen Text, und dem Betrachter beziehungsweise Leser andererseits besteht.

In diesem Kapitel geht es vor allem darum, dass sowohl das Verstehen von Sprache, als auch die Kommunikation mit Texten gewissen Beschrankungen unterliegen. Weiterhin soll gezeigt werden, wie das Verstehen grundsatzlich funktioniert, also Hermeneutik.

This paper gives a summary of a project to characterize a tobacco aquaporin. The cDNA and gene, including the 5' upstream region, for the tobacco aquaporin NtAQP1 has been isolated and the encoded protein characterized. The significance of promoter regions for an abscisic acid- and gibberellic acid-induced gene expression could be restricted to a region between -1450 and -1112 upstream of the transcription start point by transient transformation of a bicistronic vector into tobacco protoplasts. NtAQP1 expression in tobacco plants was found to be elevated in flowers, stems and roots. In roots, the protein was detected close to xylem vessels in pitch-like structures. Studies with a NtAQP1-GFP fusion indicated a plasma membrane location. For a functional analysis, the cDNA was expressed in Xenopus oocytes. NtAQP1 was found to be a heavy metal-insensitive aquaporin with additional permeability for glycerol. Mutation of a threonine at position 233 to a cysteine transformed NtAQP1 into a heavy metal-sensitive aquaporin.

The characterization of a plant MIP from tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) regarding its function as an aquaporin and role in the plant will be presented.

In this paper, we describe the first- and second-level system packaging structure of the IBM zEnterprise® 196 (z196) enterprise-class server. The design point required a more than 50% overall increase in system performance (in millions of instructions per second) in comparison to its predecessor. This resulted in a new system design that includes, among other things, increased input/output bandwidth, more processors with higher frequencies, and increased current demand of more than 2,000 A for the six processor chips and two cache chips per multichip module. To achieve these targets, we implemented several new packaging technologies. The z196 enterprise-class server uses a new differential memory interface between the processor chips and custom-designed server memory modules. The electrical power delivery system design follows a substantially new approach using Vicor Factor Power® blocks, which results in higher packaging integration density and minimized package electrical losses. The power noise decoupling strategy was changed because of the availability of deep-trench technology on the new processor chip generation.

Young laboratory mice were kept from birth in a surrounding with one dominating synthetical odor substance (geraniol, C10H18O; experimentals); the controls were bred under normal conditions. Between postnatal days 10 and 35 the development of the neural activity in the olfactory bulb and the response to the synthetical (geraniol) and a natural odor (nest material) were tested at 6 different stages of age. By means of a computer the total energy and the frequency composition (power spectra) of the electrophysiologically leaded potentials were analyzed at the time of stimulation and without stimulation. The developmental increment of neural activity was retarded at the experimentals, but the typical high-frequency waves (oscillations) appeared about 5-6 days earlier than in the controls. Both odor substances induced neural responses measured by energy and frequency changes in the power spectra. In controls none of the odors leads to noticeable changes in the composition of frequencies at days 10 and 14. Beginning at postnatal day 18 the odor substances of nest material evoked increasing neural reactions; at all stages of age geraniol induced only slight alterations in the power spectra. In the experimentals responses could be measured first at day 14. The changes in power spectra rapidly increased in the following 3 weeks and the responses to geraniol reached several times more intense levels than in the controls. The influence of permanent olfactory stimuli on the ontogenetic development of the olfactory bulb and the extreme plasticity of this system are discussed.

In mice (strain NMRI) the influence of olfactory rearing conditions on the ontogenetic development of the bulbar electroencephalogram (EEG) was investigated. The cages of control animals were perfused continually with filtered air, whereas in the three experimental groups geraniol was added to the atmosphere at different times (group G0-13, from birth till day 13; group G0-6, from birth till day 6; group G6-12, from day 6 till day 12). At various ages the EEG of the bulbus olfactorius was studied by means of permanently implanted tungsten electrodes, and the neural response to nest odour and geraniol (10(-2) vol. %) was recorded. No differences were found between the groups regarding the overall development of the bulbar EEG, nor did the raising conditions affect the neural response to nest odour. However, in groups G0-13 and G6-12 a marked response to the odour of geraniol was recorded, while in the controls and the individuals that had experienced geraniol only during their first week of life, the bulbar response to this odourant did not differ from that obtained following stimulation with clean air. In the animals of group G0-13, which were investigated as adults (day 70), the prominent geraniol response was still recordable 2 months after the last contact with the odour. These results indicate that odours experienced during a sensitive period in the nest evoke neuronal alterations in the olfactory system of the mouse that facilitate processing of a known odourant.