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985 results on '"M. BOWDEN"'

51. Protein film formation on cell culture surfaces investigated by quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation monitoring and atomic force microscopy

Author

Gad Sabbatier, Andreas Wargenau, Ariane V. Beland, Natalie Fekete, Corinne A. Hoesli, Olivia M. Bowden, and Mariève D. Boulanger

Subjects
Polymers, Surface Properties, Cell Culture Techniques, 02 engineering and technology, Microscopy, Atomic Force, 01 natural sciences, chemistry.chemical_compound, Colloid and Surface Chemistry, Adsorption, Fluorinated ethylene propylene, 0103 physical sciences, Animals, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Cells, Cultured, chemistry.chemical_classification, 010304 chemical physics, Proteins, Serum Albumin, Bovine, Surfaces and Interfaces, General Medicine, Polymer, Quartz crystal microbalance, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, chemistry, Chemical engineering, Cell culture, Quartz Crystal Microbalance Techniques, Fluoropolymer, Polystyrenes, Polystyrene, 0210 nano-technology, Layer (electronics), Biotechnology
Abstract

Conventional cell culture surfaces typically consist of polystyrene, with or without surface modifications created through plasma treatment or protein/peptide coating strategies. Other polymers such as fluorinated ethylene propylene are increasingly being implemented in the design of closed cell culture vessels, for example to facilitate the production of cells for cancer immunotherapy. Cultured cells are sensitive to culture vessel material changes through different mechanisms including cell-surface interactions, which are in turn dependent on the amount, type, and conformation of proteins adsorbed on the surface. Here, we investigate the protein deposition from cell culture medium onto untreated polystyrene and fluoropolymer surfaces using quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation monitoring and atomic force microscopy. Both of these non-polar surfaces showed comparable protein deposition kinetics and resulted in similar mechanical and topographical film properties. At protein concentrations found in typical serum-free media used to culture dendritic cells, two deposition phases can be observed. The protein layers form within the first few minutes of contact with the cell culture medium and likely consist almost exclusively of albumin. It is indicated that initial protein film formation will be completed prior to cell settling and initial cell contact will be established with the secondary protein layer. The structural properties of the protein film surface will strongly depend on the albumin concentration in the medium and presumably be less affected by the chemical composition of the cell culture surface.

Published
2019

52. Learning and behavior in hatchling Trachemys scripta exposed to bisphenol-a during embryonic development

Author

Rachel M. Bowden, Justin Dillard, Amanda W. Carter, Ryan T. Paitz, and Geoff D. Ower

Subjects
Slider turtle, endocrine system, Embryo, Nonmammalian, medicine.drug_class, Eggs, Individuality, Zoology, Embryonic Development, Experimental and Cognitive Psychology, Biology, Endocrine Disruptors, law.invention, Behavioral Neuroscience, Phenols, Reward, law, Pregnancy, medicine, Avoidance Learning, Endocrine system, Animals, Learning, Turtle (robot), Benzhydryl Compounds, Maze Learning, Hatchling, Behavior, Animal, Embryogenesis, Embryo, Turtles, Trachemys scripta, Animals, Newborn, Estrogen, Female, hormones, hormone substitutes, and hormone antagonists
Abstract

Steroids play an integral role in orchestrating embryonic development, and they can affect a suite of phenotypic traits, including learning and behavior. Endocrine disrupting compounds (EDCs) can alter steroid-dependent phenotypic traits during embryonic development. Bisphenol-A (BPA) is an EDC that disrupts the action of estrogen, and recent work indicates that BPA can affect learning and behavior similarly to estrogen. We exposed red-eared slider turtle (Trachemys scripta) eggs to BPA during embryonic development and tested hatchlings for effects on learning and behavior in modified T-mazes over the course of two weeks. We found that behavioral patterns changed within a day and over the course of the experiment, but we found no effect of BPA treatment. Further, we found that hatchling turtles were highly consistent in their behaviors. These behaviors varied among individuals, suggesting that there are discrete behavioral types in T. scripta hatchlings. The highly repetitive nature of behaviors in the hatchlings might explain the innate biases that we observed and warrants further study.

Published
2019

53. Year-round plasma steroid hormone profiles and the reproductive ecology of gopher tortoises (Gopherus polyphemus) at the southernmost edge of their range

Author

Jordan Donini, Rachel M. Bowden, Phil Allman, and Ivana Serra

Subjects
Hibernation, Male, Tortoise, Range (biology), media_common.quotation_subject, Population, Zoology, 030209 endocrinology & metabolism, Biology, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Endocrinology, Seasonal breeder, Animals, Flatwoods, Testosterone, education, Gonadal Steroid Hormones, Ecosystem, Progesterone, 030304 developmental biology, media_common, 0303 health sciences, education.field_of_study, Estradiol, Reproduction, Turtles, Ectotherm, Florida, Animal Science and Zoology, Female, Seasons
Abstract

Populations of wide ranging ectotherms often exhibit variation in traits that are influenced by local environmental conditions. Although the gopher tortoise, Gopherus polyphemus , is well studied in pine flatwoods habitats across their range, little attention has been given to coastal populations existing in the southern extreme portion of the range. We examined the reproductive physiology of a coastal dune population in southwest Florida to determine if reproductive cycles vary across populations. Here we present the first year-round sex hormone profiles for a wild population of gopher tortoises. Male testosterone concentrations varied across the year ( F 11,54 = 2.52, P = 0.015) with elevated values from September to December and minimal levels from April to July, with the exception of a secondary peak during the month of June. Female testosterone and estradiol concentrations varied across the sampling period (T: F 11,66 = 8.54, P F 11,66 = 4.57, P F 11,64 = 3.29, P = 0.002) and increased in late fall with a peak in March. These data suggest this population has an extended breeding season from fall through spring with mating likely occurring from September through March, and nesting in winter through spring. This pattern is similar to reproductive patterns described for tropical and sub-tropical chelonians but differs from that of gopher tortoise populations in northern portions of the range where hibernation may last for five months and a single clutch of eggs are deposited in late spring.

Published
2019

56. Evidence of embryonic regulation of maternally derived yolk corticosterone

Author

Ryan T. Paitz, Amanda W. Carter, and Rachel M. Bowden

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, 0301 basic medicine, medicine.medical_specialty, food.ingredient, Embryo, Nonmammalian, Physiology, Offspring, Aquatic Science, Biology, Tritium, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, 03 medical and health sciences, chemistry.chemical_compound, food, Corticosterone, Yolk, Internal medicine, medicine, Animals, Molecular Biology, Hatchling, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Ovum, Maternal effect, Embryo, Phenotype, Embryonic stem cell, Egg Yolk, Turtles, 030104 developmental biology, Endocrinology, chemistry, Insect Science, Animal Science and Zoology, Female, Research Article
Abstract

In recent years, the potential for maternal stress effects to adaptively alter offspring phenotype has received considerable attention. This research has identified offspring traits that are labile in response to maternal stress; however, an understanding of the mechanisms underlying these effects is lagging and is crucial to appreciating the significance of this maternal effect. In the present study, we sought to better understand maternal stress effects by examining the potential for embryonic regulation of corticosterone exposure, determining the phenotypic consequences of elevated corticosterone during development, and characterizing the levels of maternally transferred corticosterone in unmanipulated eggs using Trachemys scripta. By dosing eggs with tritiated corticosterone and tracking the steroid throughout development, we found that most corticosterone is metabolized, and less than 1% of the corticosterone dose reaches the embryo as free corticosterone. We also found that exogenous dosing of corticosterone, in concentrations sufficient to overwhelm embryonic metabolism, reduces embryonic survival and negatively impacts hatchlings traits important to fitness. Lastly, we demonstrate that concentrations of maternal corticosterone in the yolks of unmanipulated eggs are low and are significantly lower than the doses of corticosterone required to elicit phenotypic effects in hatchlings. Taken together, these results provide evidence that both the embryo and the female may minimize corticosterone accumulation in the embryo to avoid reductions in embryonic survival and negative impacts on offspring phenotype and fitness.

Published
2018

58. Effective and efficient characterization of Chinese hamster ovary production cell lines using automated intracellular staining and statistical modeling

Author

Lara E, Krebs, Daniel M, Bowden, Christopher M, Bray, Margaret M, Shaw, and Christopher C, Frye

Subjects
Automation, Cricetulus, Models, Statistical, Phenotype, Staining and Labeling, Cell Culture Techniques, Animals, Antibodies, Monoclonal, CHO Cells
Abstract

Mammalian cell line development is critical to bioproduct manufacturing. Success requires selecting a line with desirable performance characteristics, including consistent expression throughout the proposed manufacturing window. Given the genetic and phenotypic flux inherent to immortalized lines such as Chinese hamster ovary cells, clonally-derived cell line characterization is vital. We describe here the development and implementation of a novel addition to our characterization approach to ensure production cell line suitability: automated intracellular staining with statistical modeling. Case studies are presented which highlight this method's sensitivity to epigenetic expression effects, closing a gap left by our historically-leveraged genetic suitability characterization. Additionally, we demonstrate how an orthogonal, complimentary assay can help identify opportunities for improvement in even a well-established methodology such as our genetic suitability assessment. © 2018 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Biotechnol. Prog., 34:570-583, 2018.

Published
2018

59. Primate Models of Human Neurogenic Disorders

Author

V.G. Startsev, Douglas M. Bowden, V.G. Startsev, and Douglas M. Bowden

Subjects
Diseases--Animal models, Nervous system--Diseases, Medicine, Psychosomatic--Research, Primates as laboratory animals
Abstract

Originally published in 1976, this volume reports research that will help us to understand the causes of psychogenic diseases. It deals both experimentally and theoretically with the question of symptom specificity in psychosomatic research – why some individuals respond to psychological stress with gastric disorders, others with sexual impotence, and still others with high blood pressure. As the author notes in summarizing his conclusions,'The repeated pairing of activation of a given organic system with intense nervous stress directs the pathological influence of the stressor primarily upon the system activated; subsequently the natural stimuli which would ordinarily activate the system in a normal manner sustain the pathological stressor's effect as a conditioned stimulus for the stressor effect.'The translation of this work from the original Russian brings to the attention of Western investigators new and useful models of stress-induced disorders, and sheds new light on the pervasive problem of psychosomatic disease.

Published
2018

60. Insight solutions are correct more often than analytic solutions

Author

Mark Beeman, Carola Salvi, John Kounios, Emanuela Bricolo, Edward M. Bowden, Salvi, C, Bricolo, E, Kounios, J, Bowden, E, and Beeman, M

Subjects
Unconscious mind, Process (engineering), business.industry, media_common.quotation_subject, 05 social sciences, Experimental and Cognitive Psychology, Creativity, Article, 050105 experimental psychology, 03 medical and health sciences, Philosophy, 0302 clinical medicine, problem solving, insight, 0501 psychology and cognitive sciences, Psychology (miscellaneous), Artificial intelligence, Consciousness, M-PSI/01 - PSICOLOGIA GENERALE, Psychology, business, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, media_common, Cognitive psychology
Abstract

How accurate are insights compared to analytical solutions? In four experiments, we investigated how participants’ solving strategies influenced their solution accuracies across different types of problems, including one that was linguistic, one that was visual and two that were mixed visual-linguistic. In each experiment, participants’ self-judged insight solutions were, on average, more accurate than their analytic ones. We hypothesised that insight solutions have superior accuracy because they emerge into consciousness in an all-or-nothing fashion when the unconscious solving process is complete, whereas analytic solutions can be guesses based on conscious, prematurely terminated, processing. This hypothesis is supported by the finding that participants’ analytic solutions included relatively more incorrect responses (i.e., errors of commission) than timeouts (i.e., errors of omission) compared to their insight responses.

Published
2016
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61. Preovulatory Maternal Effects on Intra- and Interpopulation Variation in Sex Ratios and Phenotypic Characteristics of Magdalena River Turtles (Podocnemis lewyana)

Author

Lina M. Hinestroza, Vivian P. Páez, Brian C. Bock, Rachel M. Bowden, and Laura Echeverri-G

Subjects
food.ingredient, Temperature-dependent sex determination, Ecology, Maternal effect, Zoology, Biology, biology.organism_classification, food, Podocnemis lewyana, Yolk, embryonic structures, Animal Science and Zoology, Oviparity, Hatchling, Incubation, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Podocnemididae
Abstract

In oviparous species, preovulatory maternal effects such as investment in yolk quantity and composition or levels of yolk steroid hormones might potentially affect hatchling body sizes, growth rates, performance, and sex in species with temperature-dependent sex determination. We investigated the effects of egg mass and levels of testosterone and 17β-estradiol in the yolk on the phenotypes of hatchling Magdalena River Turtles (Podocnemis lewyana) in three populations in the Magdalena River drainage of northern Colombia. We hypothesized that, under homogeneous incubation conditions, the differences documented among clutches would be attributable to familial effects, caused by either heritable genetic factors or preovulatory maternal effects. Eggs were incubated artificially at the pivotal temperature for the species (33.4°C) and hatchlings were reared in the laboratory for 2 mo. Two eggs from each clutch were tested for testosterone and 17β-estradiol levels. Sex ratios, hatchling size, mass, and...

Published
2015
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62. Abstracts from the 4th World Congress of the International Dermoscopy Society, April 16-18, 2015, Vienna, Austria

Author

Michael A. Marchetti, Alexandros Stratigos, Claudia Jaeger, Nanja van Geel, Erika Varga, Rachel M Bowden, Nebojsa Pesic, Lauren A. Penn, Francesca Farnetani, Irena Walecka, Otto S. Wolfbeis, Anna Pogorzelska-Antkowiak, Małgorzata Zadurska, Miriam A. Jesús Silva, Mari Grönroos, Fabrizio Ayala, Claudia Sprincenatu, Ausilia Maria Manganoni, Jhonatan Rafael S. Pinheiro, Vincent Descamps, Era C. Murzaku, Josephine Rau, Christian Landi, Josep Malvehy, Othon Papadopoulos, Renato Talamini, Savitha L. Beergouder, Adrian Ballano Ruiz, Karina Scandura, Flavia Persechino, Yunxian Tian, Mark Berneburg, Iara Drakensjö, Luis Javier Del pozo, Elizabeth Lazaridou, Marwah A. Saleh, Wei Zhang, Dalal Mosaad, Aida Carolina Medina, Alka Lalji, Robabeh Abedini, FZ Debagh, Ligia Brzezinska-Wcislo, Nurşah Doğan, Naglaa Ahmed, Tamerlan Shaipov, Ritta Khoury, Lidija Kandolf-Sekulovic, Aldo Bono, Luis Angel Vera, Naotomo Kambe, Jaka Rados, Sergio Talarico, Milvia Maria S. E. S. Enokihara, Iris Zalaudek, Malgorzata Maj, Francesca Specchio, Paloma Arribas, Nazan Emiroglu, Andreea Ioana Popescu, Irina Sergeeva, Virginia Chitu, Michael Kirschbaum, Sergio Yamada, Niken Wulandari, Rotaru Maria, Lore Pil, Lieve Brochez, Anthony Azzi, Vasiliy Y. Sergeev, Raimonds Karls, Zeynep Topkarci, Tanja Planinsek Rucigaj, Osvania Maris, Graham J. Mann, Timótio Dorn, Lubomir Drlik, Pilar Iranzo, Sara Minghetti, Michael Noe, Ahmet R Akar, Jesus Cuevas Santos, Laura Raducu, Salim Ysmail-Dahlouk, Laura Mazzoni, Sidharth Sonthalia, Neşe Çallı Demirkan, Yaei Togawa, Branislava Gajic, Ayelet Rishpon, Chih-Hsun Yang, Barbara Boone, José Luis López-Estebaranz, Markus Albert, George Evangelou, André L.M. Oliveira, Ioana Gencia, Nada Vuckovic, Rosa Perelló, Ana Maria Draganita, Michel Colomb, Ayse Cefle, Hongguang Lu, Annarosa Virgili, Hayriye Saricaoglu, Esther A.W. Wolberink, Michael Russu, Elisabeth Arnoult-Coudoux, Caroline Nicaise-Bergère, Aleksandra M Ignjatović, Necmettin Özdemir, Kristīne Zabludovska, Cemal Bilaç, Jose Luis Lopez Estebaranz, Marie-Christine Lami, Harold S. Rabinovitz, Izabel Bota, Damien Grivet, Dimitrije Brasanac, Andrei Jalba, Joep Hoevenaars, Sofie De Schepper, Deniz Duman, Vladimir Vasku, Anna Belloni Fortina, Rosa Cristina Coppola, Marion Chavez-Bourgeois, Hoon-Soo Kim, Zamira Barragan, Julia Welzel, Thomas Ruzicka, Patricia V. Cristodor, Pierfrancesco Zampieri, Michael Lanthaler, Marc Haspeslagh, Jürgen Christian Becker, Gamze Erfan, Tanja Maier, Hui Mei Cheng, Mauro Enokihara, Ana Arance, Emel Dikicioglu Cetin, Pranaya A. Bagde, Mona M. Elfangary, Stefano Cavicchini, Alicia Barreiro, Odivânia Krüger, Mariana Petaccia Macedo, Itziar Erana Tomas, Elimar Elias Gomes, Monika Vrablova, Marcio Lorencini, Javier Alcántara González, Giuseppe Micali, Kerstin Kellermann, Mauricio Mendonca do Nascimento, Elisabeth Mt Wurm, Elena Sánchez-Largo Uceda, Yury Sergeev, Céleste Lebbé, Manfred Fiebiger, Gisele Gargantini Rezze, Antonio Graziano, Ana Pampín, Márcia Ferreira Candido, Martine Bagot, Jan Lapins, Nahide Onsun, Daniela Göppner, Katie Lee, Josef Schröder, Gisele G Rezze, Reyes Gamo, Mauricio Soto-Gamboa, Giovanni Pellacani, Maria Luiza P. Freitas, Mizuki Sawada, Hyun-Chang Ko, Ramon M Pujol Vallverdú, Jin gyoon Park, Peter Weber, Alberto Mota, Theofanis Spiliopoulos, Renata B. Marques, Daiji Furusho, Barbora Divisova, Pascale Guitera, Johan Heilborn, Alexandr Fedoseev, Athanasios Kyrgidis, Zakia Douhi, Mariame Meziane, Florent Grange, Alister Lilleyman, Juliana C. Marques-Da-Costa, Mitsuyasu Nakajima, Camilla Reggiani, Marina Meneses, Anna Sokolova, Zoe Apalla, Leo Čabrijan, Tim Lee, Piergiacomo Calzavara-Pinton, Tomas Fikrle, Georgios Chaidemenos, Braun Ralph, Aikaterini Patsatsi, Ekin Şavk, Marcela Pecora Cohen, Ioannis Efstratiou, Gurol Acikgoz, Pietro Quaglino, Nati Angelica, Luc Thomas, Edileia Bagatin, Kedima C. Nassif, Dimitrios Sotiriadis, Regina Fink-Puches, Anna Maria Wozniak, Salvador González, Agnieszka Buszko, Fezal Ozdemir, Banu Yaman, Vishnu Moodalgiri, Anne Grange, Robert J Meier, Davorin Loncaric, Fatmagül Keleş, Renato Marchiori Bakos, Sergio Chimenti, Sebastian Podlipnik, Pınar Incel Uysal, Devinder M Thappa, Nida Kaçar, Emel Bulbul Baskan, Erna Snellman, Pietro Rubegni, J. Kreusch, Hae Jin Pak, Danijela Dobrosavljevic Vukojevic, Bengü Nisa Akay, Holger A. Haenssle, Horacio Cabo, Anna Rammlmair, Fred Godtliebsen, Chiara Ferrari, Hiroshi Sakai, Christina Kemanetzi, Åsa Ingvar, Jitka Suchmannova, Zlata Janjic, Samira Zobiri, Haishan Zeng, Emine Böyük, Antonello Felli, Je-Ho Mun, Pablo Fernández Peñas, Ercan Caliskan, Satish S. Udare, Borna Pavičić, Max Hundeiker, Cristel Ruini, A. Hakan Cermik, Ülker Gül, Auro ra Parodi, Timothy P. Wu, Bernardo Gontijo, Ivan Klyuzhin, Gabriela Turcu, Sylvia Aidé Martínez-Cabriales, Francisco Alcántara Nicolás, Inge A. Krisanti, Sandra Cecilia García-García, Meriem Benfodda, Nika Madjlessi, Paraskevi Karagianni, Gizem Yağcıoğlu, Didem Dizman, Danielle I. Shitara, Nilda Eliana Gomez-Bernal, Mirna Šitum, Natalia Ilina, Job Van Der Heijden, Małgorzata Kwiatkowska, Bota Izabel, Ismini Vassilaki, Irene Potouridou, Jorge Luis Rosado, Lukas Prantl, María-José Bañuls, Fernando N. Barbosa, Seitaro Nakagawa, Jana Dornheim, Hitoshi Iyatomi, Rifat Saitburkhanov, Çiğdem Çağlayan, Natalie Ong, Stefano Gardini, Temeida Alendar, Zrinka Rendić-Miočević, Ryuhei Okuyama, Wafae Bono, Olga Warszawik-Hendzel, Danica Tiodorovic-Zivkovic, Alise Balcere, Ramazan Kahveci, Sebastian Gehmert, Herbert M. Kirchesch, Fernando Javier Pinedo, Raul Niin, Dan Savastru, Andreas Blum, Valeria Coco, Alexander C. Katoulis, Yosuke Yamamoto, Mumtaz Jabeen, Louise De Brot Andrade, Lidia Rudnicka, Pierre Wolkenstein, Fatma Pelin Cengiz, Woo-il Kim, Rainer Hofmann-Wellenhof, Tine Vestergaard, Maria Valeria B. Pinheiro, Ana Filipa Pedrosa, Caroline M. Takigami, Nilgün Bilen, Feroze Kaliyadan, Lotte Themstrup, Awatef Kelati, Katrien Vossaert, Burak Sezen, Natalia Jaimes, Olga Zhukova, Peter Jung, Nidhi Singh, Uxua Floristan, Ivette Alarcon, Michel Baccard, Flávia V. Bittencourt, Nicolas Dupin, Neslihan Şendur, Flavia Boff, Lydia Garcia Gaba, João Pedreira Duprat Neto, Caius Solovan, Byung Soo Kim, Anamaria Jović, Toshitsugu Sato, Antoni Bennassar, Ilkka Pölönen, Svetlana Rogozarski, Agnieszka Kardynał, Harald P.M. Gollnick, Anastasia Trigoni, Harvey Lui, Hiroshi Koga, Dai Ogata, Zeynep N. Saraçoğlu, Nilton B Rodrigues, Ketty Peris, Vanessa da Silva, Akira Hamada, Monica Corazza, Azmat A. Khan, Cengizhan Erdem, Victor Desmond Mandel, Sabina Zurac, Laura Elena Barbosa-Moreno, Filomena Azevedo, Matsue Hiroyuki, Philippe Saiag, Kara Shah, Stephen W. Dusza, Margaret Song, Francesca Giusti, Lidija Zolotarevski, Romain Vie, Rutao Cui, Aylin Okçu Heper, Kerstin Wöltje, Kyoko Tonomura, Charlotte H. Vuong, Moira Ragazzi, Marta Andreu Barasoain, Stephan Schreml, Branka Marinović, Mona R E Abdel Halim, Selimir Kovacevic, Noriaki Kamada, Adriana Garcia-Herrera, Ayse S. Filiz, Helena Collgros, Joan A. Puig-Butille, Ulvi Loite, Meng-Tsan Tsai, Nele Degryse, Philipp Tschandl, Seiichiro Wakabayashi, Korina Tzima, Kari Nielsen, Edith Arzberger, Alain Archimbaud, Makiko Miyamoto, Steffen Emmert, Katharine Hanlon, Stefano Astorino, Andre Sobiecki, Trevino A Pakasi, Giovanni Ghigliotti, Arzu Karataş Toğral, Sara Bassoli, Mahdi Akhbardeh, Martina Ulrich, Mirna Bradamante, Gökhan Uslu, Ross Flewell-Smith, Mauro Alaibac, Bettina Kranzelbinder, Steven Gazal, Nina Malishevskaya, Mikhail Ustinov, Noora Neittaanmäki-Perttu, Olga Simionescu, Saime Irkoren, Mahsa Ansari, Mustafa Turhan Sahin, Priit Kruus, Jana Janovska, Vesna Gajanin, Giovanni Ponti, Alon Scope, Ozkan Kanat, Cesare Massone, Thomas Schopf, Karolina Hadasik, Magnus Karlsson, Ayça Tan, Ignacio Gómez Martín, Armand Bensussan, Dilara Tüysüz, Saleh M. H. El Shiemy, Ine De Wispelaere, Malou Peppelman, Kenan Aydogan, Christian Teutsch, Ryszard A. Antkowiak, Nathalie De Carvahlo, Fatma Shabaka, Matthias Karasek, Christina Fotiadou, Wael M. Saudi, Matthias Weber, Maria Saletta Palumbo, Elisa Benati, Hana Helppikangas, Mariana Grigore, Leonard Witkamp, Rajiv Kumar, Stella Atkins, Eugene Y. Neretin, Dirk Berndt, Piet E.J van Erp, Alessandro Testori, David Duffy, Steluta Ratiu, Tara Bronsnick, Christoph Rinner, Soo-Han Woo, Federica Ferrari, Gabriela Garbin, Eduardo Nagore, Claus Duschl, Caterina Longo, Daniel Alcala-Perez, Helmut Beltraminelli, Sarah Hedtrich, David C McLean, Bojana Spasic, Martin Laimer, Malgorzata Pawlowska-Kisiel, Bohdan Lytvynenko, Heba I. Nagy Abd El-Gawad, Jean-Luc Perrot, Daška Štulhofer Buzina, Dimitrios Rigopoulos, Christian Hallermann, Jeffrey Keir, Adriana Martín Fuentes, Franz Trautinger, Walter L. G. Machado, Emese Gellén, Tatjana Ros, Gabriella Emri, Pinar Y. Basak, Nilay Duman, Reinhart Speeckaert, Peter Komericki, Maciel Zortea, Raphaela Kaestle, Lucía Pérez Carmona, Masaru Tanaka, Ionela Manole, Calin Giurcaneanu, Cristina Carrera, Jianhua Zhao, Marsha Mitchum, Isil Kilinc Karaarslan, Michael Muntifering, Alice Casari, Nicole Basset-Seguin, Seok-Kweon Yun, Vesna Mikulic, Albert Brugués, Kim-Dung Nguyen, Reshmi Madankumar, Joo-Ik Kim, Anna Skrok, Nicolle Mazzotti, Aomar Ammar-Khodja, Alina Avram, Laxmisha Chandrashekar, Dilek Biyik Ozkaya, Refika F. Artuz, Joanna Czuwara-Ladykowska, Hana Szakos, Dejan M Nikolic, Katarzyna Żórawicz, Georg Duftschmid, Natalia Pikelgaupt, Jorge Ocampo-Candiani, Irdina Drljevic, Canten Tataroglu, Esther Jiménez Blázquez, Philippe Gain, Simonetta Piana, Yunus Bulgu, Lars Dornheim, Bruno Labeille, Helmut Schaider, Nitul Khiroya, Sofia Theotokoglou, Christian Morsczeck, Kalliopi Armyra, Serap Öztürkcan, Shricharit h Shetty, Ozlem Su, Susana Puig, Lina Ivert, Katia Ongenae, Hirotsugu Shirabe, Ardalan Benam, Gustav Christensen, Veronika Paťavová, Adria Gual, Laura Pavoni, Mihaita Viorica Mihalceanu, Slobodan Jesic, Abdurrahman Bugra Cengiz, Jerome Becquart, Yasutomo Mikoshiba, Mattia Carbotti, Marcelo O. Samolé, Margherita Raucci, Sven Lanssens, Maria João M. Vasconcelos, Valeriy Semisazhenov, Fabio Facchetti, Monia Maccaferri, Vincenzo Panasiti, Camila M. Carvalho, Elena Tolomio, Ercan Arca, Celia Badenas, Sonia Segura Tigell, Francesco Lacarrubba, Ruzica Jurakic Toncic, Uday Khopkar, Uwe Seidl, Clóvis Antônio Lopes Pinto, Alice Marneffe, Zhenguo Wu, Josefin Lysell, Malgorzata Olszewska, Marta Ruano Del Salado, Alina Gogulescu, Tarl W. Prow, Christine Fink, Jean-Marie Tan, Milana Ivkov Simic, Mahshid S. Ansari, Stamatina Geleki, Sondang P. Sirait, Flavia Baderca, Marcella N. Silva, Andra Pehoiu, Joost Koehoorn, Ajay Goyal, Maria Dirlei Ferreira de Souza Begnami, Hui-bin Lu, Hoda A. Moneib, Maria Antonietta Pizzichetta, Scott Menzies, Gulsel Anil Bahali, Vesna Tlaker Zunter, Elfrida Carstea, Ines Chevolet, Septimiu Enache, Aysun Şikar Aktürk, Clara Kirchner, Greg Canning, Dina M. Shahin, Incilay Kalay Tugrul, Kristina Opletalova, Lars Hofmann, Mario Santinami, Anna Elisa Verzì, Asunción Vicente, Nathalia Delcourt, null Mernissi, Duru Tabanlıoglu Onan, Dorothy Polydorou, Irma Korom, Sara Moreno Fernández, Salim Gallouj, Annamari Ranki, Riina Hallik, Saduman Balaban Adim, Erietta Christofidou, Gustavo D. C. Dieamant, Vincenzo De Giorgi, Gregor B.E. Jemec, Kajsa Møllersen, Monisha lalji, Georgiana Simona Mohor, Hans-Jürgen Schulz, Justin R Sharpe, Karinna S. Machado, Efterpi Demiri, Mohammed I. AlJasser, Jelena Stojkovic-Filipovic, Harald Kittler, José M. A. Lopes, Adriana Diaconeasa, Patricia Serrano, Alfonso D’Orazio, Luca Mazzucchelli, Riccardo Bono, Oliver Felthaus, Juan Garcias-Ladaria, Zeljko Mijuskovic, Zsuzsanna Bago-Horvath, Alin Laurentiu Tatu, Christine Prodinger, Roland Blum, Demetrios Ioannides, Nadem Soufir, Diego Serraino, Ahmed M. Sadek, Leticia Calzado Villareal, Elliot Coates, Mariana Costache, Machuel Bruno, Bengu Gerceker Turk, Liliana Gabriela Popa, Han-Uk Kim, Lisa Hoogedoorn, Efstratios Vakirlis, Monika Kotrlá, Gabriel Salerni, Ela Comert, Salvatore Zanframundo, Zsuzsanna Lengyel, Francisco Jose Deleon, Maryam Sadeghi Naeeni, Georgios Kontochristopoulos, Ana Carolina Cherobin, Michiyo Matsumoto-Nakano, Gabriela Fortes Escobar, Maria Concetta Fargnoli, Ayse Oktem, Petra Fedorcova, Slavomir Urbancek, Hyunju Jin, Frédéric Cambazard, Tracey Newlove, Nataliya Sirmays, Cliff Rosendahl, Tamara Micantonio, Shirin Bajaj, Masa Gorsic, Ana Carolina L. Viana, Valentin Popa, Hubert Pehamberger, Anna Maria Carrozzo, Valentina Girgenti, Phil McClenahan, Beata Bergler-Czop, Alex Llambrich, Özgür Bakar, David Polsky, Krishnakant B. Pandya, Andrea Maurichi, Isabelle Hoorens, Paola Sorgi, Marianne Niin, Serena Magi, Malathi Munisamy, Zlatko Marušić, Cristina Mangas, Hakan Yesil, Miriam Potrony, Safaa Y. Negm, Maria T. Corradin, Stefania Seidenari, Işıl Bulur, Evelin Csernus, Gemma Tell-Marti, Alix Thomas, Juliana Casagrande Tavoloni Braga, Marco Manfredini, Karime M. Hassun, Celia Levy-Silbon, Lali Mekokishvili, Cem Yildirim, Hanna Eriksson, John H. Pyne, Angel Pizarro, Hakim Hammadi, Alessandro Borghi, Mariana A. Cordeiro, Fatima Zohra, A. Tülin Güleç, Ivan Ruiz Victoria, Joanna N. Łudzik, Radwa Magdy, Hisashi Uhara, Grażyna Kamińska-Winciorek, Llúcia Alòs, Pegah Kharazmi, Keisuke Suehiro, Lucian Russu, Zorica Đorđević Brlek, Sandrine Massart-Manil Massart-Manil, Moon-Bum Kim, Noha E. Hashem, Domenico Piccolo, Francesca Cicero, Jan Szymszal, Verena Ahlgrimm-Siess, Marian Gonzalez Inchaurraga, Ignazio Stanganelli, Danica Tiodorovic Zivkovic, Bugce Topukcu, Katharina Jaeger, Michael J. Inskip, Sara M. Mohy, Assya Djeridane, Véronique Del Marmol, Isil Kilinc, Nehal Yossif, Geon-Wook Kim, Oleksandr Litus, Ivana Ilić, Richard A Sturm, Mustafa Tunca, Anndressa da Matta, Elisabeth Jecel, Danijela Ćurković, Giuseppe Argenziano, Lynlee L. Lin, Elena Sotiriou, Mikela Petkovic, Suzana Kamberova, Sara Ibañes del Agua, Alan Cameron, Judit Oláh, Marc Nahuys, Leila Jeskanen, Zrinjka Paštar, Anna Wojas-Pelc, Ingela Ahnlide, Romana Čeović, Geoffrey Cains, Gilles Thuret, Mary Thomas, Marios Fragoulis, Drahomira Jarosikova, Manfred Beleut, Ferda Artüz, Brigitte Lavole, Francesco Todisco Grande, Carine Dal Pizzol, Erika Richtig, Nathalie Teixeira De Carvalho, Hans Peter Soyer, Amer M Alanazi, Vesna Sossi, Manal Bosseila, Monica Sulitan, Biancamaria Scoppio, Zrinka Bukvić Mokos, Marie-Jeanne P. Gerritsen, Mariano Suppa, Danielle Giambrone, Christoph Sinz, Jernej Kukovic, Martina Bosic, Adriana Rakowska, Eleni Mitsiou, Kely Hernandez, Ashfaq A. Marghoob, Daniel Boda, Alessandro Di Stefani, Luciana Trane, Leo Raudonikis, Akane Minagawa, Itaru Dekio, Athanassios Kyrgidis, Magdalena Wawrzynkiewicz, Katharina T Weiß, Chie Kamada, Lamberto Zara, Cristian Navarrete-Dechent, Serkan Yazici, Frédéric Renard, Leonie Mathemeier, Nissrine Amraoui, Mariana Fabris, Mariola Wyględowska-Kania, Nikolay Potekaev, Elisa Cinotti, Sedef Şahin, Peter van de Kerkhof, Silvana Ciardo, Sara Izzi, Paolo Piemonte, William V. Stoecker, Giampiero Mazzocchetti, Pasquale Frascione, Louise Lovatto, Ayşegül Yalçınkaya Iyidal, Jennifer A. Stein, Selçuk Yüksel, Daniela Ledić Drvar, Stine F. Pedersen, Dimitrios Sgouros, Meriem Bounouar, Balachandra S Ankad, Rahul Bute, Julia Brockley, Paula Aguilera-Otalvaro, Sumiko Ishizaki, Daniela Kulichova, Ilias Papadimitriou, Yeser Genc, Tanja Batinac, Jadran Bandic, Jean-Michel Lagarde, Göksun Karaman, Philipp Babilas, Mari Salmivuori, Lieven Annemans, Lennart K Blomqvist, Karel Pizinger, Duncan Lambie, Alexander Michael Witkowski, Meltem Uslu, Irena Savo, Martin Gosau, Raphaela Kastle, Olli Saksela, Pedro Zaballos, Esther De Eusebio Murillo, Hu Hui-Han, Sanda Mirela Cherciu, Claudia Artenie, Elvira Moscarella, Richard Johns, Ozlem Erdem, Valérie Vuong, Basma Birqdar, Jela Tomkova, Kasturee Jagirdar, Vassilios Lambropoulos, Moshira S. Bahrawy, Seong-Jin Kim, Su Chii Kong, Helen Schmid, Tetsuya Tsuchida, Michele Tonellato, Laura Berbegal, Lumír Pock, Iustin Hancu, Babar K Rao, Juliette Jegou, Lajos Kemény, Teresa Deinlein, Usha N. Khemani, Davive Guardoli, Juliana Arêas de Souza Lima Beltrame Ferreira, Tatiana Cristina Moraes Pinto Blumetti, Adhimukti T. Sampurna, Alexandru Telea, Ana Maria Forsea, Gionata Marazza, Lidija Kandolf Sekulovic, Marta Kurzeja, Marija Buljan, Fatima Zohra Mernissi, Alba Maiques-Diaz, Roger González, Dimitrios Kalabalikis, María Gabriela Vallone, Vanessa P. Martins Da Silva, Gemma Flores-Pons, Giuseppe Bertollo, Rolland Gyulai, Giuliana Crisman, Secil Saral, Simon Nicholson, Aimilios Lallas, Willeke Blokx, Marc A. L. M. Boone, and Oana Sindea

Subjects
Oncology, business.industry, RL1-803, Genetics, Medicine, Library science, Environmental ethics, Dermatology, business, Molecular Biology
Published
2015
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64. The Goddess and the Guru : A Spiritual Biography of Sri Amritananda Natha Saraswati

Author

Michael M. Bowden, Sri Chaitanyananda, Michael M. Bowden, and Sri Chaitanyananda

Subjects
Tantrism, Spiritual life--Hinduism, Gurus--India--Biography, Physicists--India--Biography, Hindu goddesses
Abstract

Nearly four decades ago, an intense series of spiritual visions led one of India's top nuclear physicists, until then a religious skeptic and man of science, to walk away from his prestigious post at the heart of the country's missile-defense complex. Retreating into the remote jungles of eastern India, he discovered the remains of a centuries-old Tantric Mother Goddess shrine and embarked on a life-altering quest to revive and expand it – eventually attracting tens of thousands of followers from across India and around the globe. Part biography and part spiritual guidebook, this book chronicles the astonishing, inspiring – and yet deeply human – life of Dr. Nishtala Prahlada Sastry (later best known as Sri Amritananda Natha Saraswati, or simply'Guruji'); his triumphs and disappointments, public successes, and personal crises. In addition to Amritananda's life story, the book also offers a generous selection from his writings, lectures, ritual guides and poetry – a treasure trove for those who wish to significantly deepen their spiritual practice while remaining fully engaged with the world.

Published
2017

65. Short heatwaves during fluctuating incubation regimes produce females under temperature-dependent sex determination with implications for sex ratios in nature

Author

Ryan T. Paitz, Amanda W. Carter, Rachel M. Bowden, Tracey D. Tuberville, and Ben M. Sadd

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, 0301 basic medicine, Hot Temperature, Science, Zoology, Empirical Research, Biology, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Article, Brief periods, 03 medical and health sciences, Nest, Animals, Sex Ratio, Nesting season, Incubation, Multidisciplinary, Temperature-dependent sex determination, Temperature, Models, Theoretical, Sex Determination Processes, Turtles, 030104 developmental biology, Trachemys scripta, Medicine, Female, Seasons, Sex ratio
Abstract

Patterns of temperature fluctuations in nature affect numerous biological processes, yet, empirical studies often utilize constant temperature treatments. This can limit our understanding of how thermally sensitive species respond to ecologically relevant temperatures. Research on turtles with temperature-dependent sex determination (TSD) provides good examples of this, since nest temperatures from many populations rarely exceed those necessary to produce females under constant laboratory conditions. We hypothesized that exposure to brief periods of warm temperatures (i.e., heat waves) are integral to sex determination in species with TSD, which requires tests that move beyond constant temperatures. We exposed Trachemys scripta embryos from multiple populations and across the nesting season to heat waves of variable durations and quantified sex ratios. We found that embryos from all populations were highly sensitive to brief exposures to female producing temperatures; only 7.9 days of exposure produced a 50:50 sex ratio, but the response varied across the nesting season. From these findings, a model was developed to estimate sex ratios from field temperature traces, and this model outperformed traditional methods. Overall, these results enhance our understanding of TSD and emphasize the importance of using biologically relevant temperatures when studying thermally sensitive processes.

Published
2018
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66. Contributors

Author

Hanifa J. Abu Toamih Atamni, Antoine Adamantidis, Eva Adamová, Alejandra I. Aguirre, Vladimir N. Babenko, Maria V. Baez, Jon Beckwith, Douglas M. Bowden, Camron D. Bryant, Jarryd M. Campbell, Karl J. Clark, John C. Crabbe, M. Imad Damaj, Priscila Darakjian, Fernando P.M. De Villena, Mara Dierssen, Evan Dong, Mark F. Dubach, Louis Y. El Khoury, Alberto L. Epstein, Martin T. Ferris, Anna G. Galyamina, Robert T. Gerlai, Terri L. Gilbert, Su Guo, David Hanwell, Christina A. Harrington, Robert Hitzemann, Robert J. Huber, Ovidiu D. Iancu, Fuad A. Iraqi, Diana A. Jerusalinsky, Zhengping Jia, Byron C. Jones, Sulev Kõks, Gea Kõks, Irina L. Kovalenko, Natalia N. Kudryavtseva, Vivek Kumar, Celeste Leung, Peter V. Lovell, Anthony R. McIntosh, Shannon McWeeney, Adam Melgoza, Claudio V. Mello, Megan K. Mulligan, Michael A. Myre, Klotilda Narkaj, Lydia Ng, Danton H. O'Day, Denesa Oberbeck, Ilse S. Pienaar, Robin Pierce, Firyal Ramzan, Petra Ritter, Belén Sancristóbal, David Schlessinger, Cornelia Schöne, Robert Searles, Puneet Sharma, Alexei A. Sharov, Dmitry A. Smagin, Ana Solodkin, Gilda Stefanelli, Leon Stefanovski, Cindy Tao, Ibrahim Tastekin, Joe Z. Tsien, Nikki Walter, Brandon J. Walters, J.T. Westwood, Robert W. Williams, Morgan Wirthlin, Christina Zheng, Joelle Zimmermann, and Iva B. Zovkic

Published
2018
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67. Informatics for Interoperability of Molecular-Genetic and Neurobehavioral Databases

Author

Douglas M. Bowden, Mark Dubach, and Evan Dong

Subjects
Data processing, Database, NeuroNames, Computer science, Informatics, Interoperability, Neuroinformatics, computer.software_genre, computer, Toolbox, Coding (social sciences), Terminology
Abstract

The merger of data sets from multiple large-scale projects has become a major driver of advance in the biomedical sciences. Progress has been slower than anticipated, however, for the merger of molecular-genetic and neurobehavioral databases. The sophisticated bioinformatics tools for statistical processing of molecular and genetic data find no equivalent in the toolbox of neuroinformatics. A major reason is terminological inconsistency in the coding of neuroanatomic location for such data as gene expression and neuronally relevant macromolecules. Here, we present a straightforward way to establish interoperability among databases that code multidisciplinary data using different terminologies for brain structures. A mediator translates the terminologies of multiple databases through the standard nomenclature of NeuroNames into the terminology of the collating resource. The collating resource then is able to use its own tools and terminology to produce a single database for analysis. Considerable attention is given here to clarification of (1) differences between bioinformatics and neuroinformatics, (2) differences between ontologies for descriptive logic processing versus statistical data processing, and (3) the critical role of mapping multidisciplinary data to standard species-specific brain atlases for quantitative neuroanatomic analysis.

Published
2018
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68. Characterizing the distribution of steroid sulfatase during embryonic development: when and where might metabolites of maternal steroids be reactivated?

Author

Ryan T. Paitz, Kristin R. Duffield, and Rachel M. Bowden

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, 0301 basic medicine, Sulfotransferase, medicine.medical_specialty, Embryo, Nonmammalian, Physiology, medicine.medical_treatment, Short Communication, Embryonic Development, Reptilian Proteins, Aquatic Science, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Steroid, 03 medical and health sciences, Sex Factors, Placenta, biology.animal, Internal medicine, medicine, Steroid sulfatase, Animals, Molecular Biology, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, biology, Embryogenesis, Temperature, Vertebrate, Embryo, Turtles, 030104 developmental biology, medicine.anatomical_structure, Endocrinology, Insect Science, Animal Science and Zoology, Female, Steroids, Steryl-Sulfatase, Oviparity
Abstract

All vertebrate embryos are exposed to maternally derived steroids during development. In placental vertebrates, metabolism of maternal steroids by the placenta modulates embryonic exposure, but how exposure is regulated in oviparous vertebrates is less clear. Recent work in oviparous vertebrates has demonstrated that steroids are not static molecules, as they can be converted to more polar steroid sulfates by sulfotransferase enzymes. Importantly, these steroid sulfates can be converted back to the parent compound by the enzyme steroid sulfatase (STS). We investigated when and where STS, was present during embryonic development in the red-eared slider turtle, Trachemys scripta. We report that STS is present during all stages of development and in all tissues we examined. We conclude that STS activity may be particularly important for regulating maternal steroid exposure in oviparous vertebrates.

Published
2017

69. Corticosterone Levels during the Nesting Process in Red-eared Sliders (Trachemys scripta)

Author

Sandrine G. Clairardin, Ryan T. Paitz, Rachel M. Bowden, Laura M. Zimmerman, Justin W. Hicke, and Amelia C. Gould

Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty, Offspring, Zoology, Biology, chemistry.chemical_compound, Endocrinology, Trachemys scripta, Transgenerational epigenetics, chemistry, Corticosterone, Internal medicine, medicine, Animal Science and Zoology, Nesting season, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Glucocorticoid, medicine.drug
Abstract

Free-living vertebrates tend to respond to environmental challenges by increasing circulating glucocorticoid levels. Changes in glucocorticoids can modulate various aspects of physiology and behavior, which can have fitness benefits in the short term but may be detrimental to fitness if elevated levels are frequent, prolonged, or both. The transfer of glucocorticoids from females to offspring might also have fitness consequences, but there is less known about the potential effects of transgenerational glucocorticoid transfer. Our study examined corticosterone levels in female Red-eared Sliders (Trachemys scripta) during the nesting season because of the potential fitness consequences for both females and offspring. Whether caught in aquatic traps or caught during the nesting process, females had similar circulating corticosterone levels that were relatively low. However, when females were subjected to a restraint protocol, corticosterone rose. Therefore, corticosterone levels may be elevated duri...

Published
2014
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70. Constancy in an Inconstant World: Moving Beyond Constant Temperatures in the Study of Reptilian Incubation

Author

Amanda W. Carter, Ryan T. Paitz, and Rachel M. Bowden

Subjects
Male, Ecology, Reproduction, Temperature, Reptiles, Climate change, Plant Science, Environment, Biology, Environmental variation, Additional research, Phenotype, Ectotherm, Animals, Female, Animal Science and Zoology, Constant (mathematics)
Abstract

Variable environmental conditions can alter the phenotype of offspring, particularly in ectothermic species such as reptiles. Despite this, the majority of studies on development in reptiles have been carried out under constant conditions in the laboratory, raising the question of just how applicable those investigations are to natural conditions? Here, we first review what we have learned from these constant-temperature studies. Second, we examine the importance of temperature fluctuations for development in reptiles and highlight the outcomes of studies conducted under fluctuating conditions. Next, we report our findings from a new study that examines how the frequency of fluctuations in temperature experienced during development affects phenotype. Finally, we suggest some areas in need of additional research so that we can better understand the complex interactions of temperature and physiology, particularly in species with temperature-dependent sex determination. For questions aimed at understanding the complex effects of the environment on phenotype, we must move toward studies that better capture environmental variation. By taking such an approach, it may be possible to predict more accurately how these thermally sensitive organisms will respond to environmental perturbations, including climatic change.

Published
2014
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71. Red-Eared Slider Turtles Lack Response to Immunization with Keyhole Limpet Hemocyanin but Have High Levels of Natural Antibodies

Author

Rachel M. Bowden, Laura M. Zimmerman, and Laura A. Vogel

Subjects
Red-eared slider, Titer, Innate immune system, Article Subject, biology, Antigen, Immunization, Immunology, biology.protein, Antibody titer, chemical and pharmacologic phenomena, Antibody, Keyhole limpet hemocyanin
Abstract

While the specific humoral response of reptiles is slow and does not typically increase in titer or binding affinity upon secondary immunization, reptiles produce polyreactive natural antibodies (NAbs) that have low binding affinity and are produced in the absence of antigen stimulation. Given the poor specific response, NAbs may be an important protective resource in reptiles. In order to investigate the relative contributions of natural and specific antibodies, we immunized turtles with the novel antigen keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH). We did not detect an increase in antibody titers. However, preimmunization titers to KLH, as well as to a series of other novel antigens, were high in the turtles, indicating a strong NAb response. Interestingly, we found an age-associated increase in NAb titers in adults. Overall, our data suggest that reptiles may use NAbs as part of a strong innate immune response rather than relying on slower specific humoral responses.

Published
2013
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72. Development of a highly-efficient CHO cell line generation system with engineered SV40E promoter

Author

Ibrahim Kadura, Lara E. Krebs, Lianchun Fan, Jeffery L. Larson, Daniel M. Bowden, and Christopher C. Frye

Subjects
Genetic Vectors, Gene Expression, Bioengineering, Endogeny, CHO Cells, Simian virus 40, Biology, Transfection, Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, Green fluorescent protein, Gene Knockout Techniques, Cricetulus, Glutamate-Ammonia Ligase, Cricetinae, Methionine Sulfoximine, Animals, Humans, Promoter Regions, Genetic, Gene, Chinese hamster ovary cell, Promoter, General Medicine, Molecular biology, Recombinant Proteins, Gene expression profiling, Cell culture, Biotechnology
Abstract

Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells have been one of the most widely used host cells for the manufacture of therapeutic recombinant proteins. An effective and efficient clinical cell line development process, which could quickly identify those rare, high-producing cell lines among a large population of low and non-productive cells, is of considerable interest to speed up biological drug development. In the glutamine synthetase (GS)-CHO expression system, selection of top-producing cell lines is based on controlling the balance between the expression level of GS and the concentration of its specific inhibitor, l-methionine sulfoximine (MSX). The combined amount of GS expressed from plasmids that have been introduced through transfection and the endogenous CHO GS gene determine the stringency and efficiency of selection. Previous studies have shown significant improvement in selection stringency by using GS-knockout CHO cells, which eliminate background GS expression from the endogenous GS gene in CHOK1SV cells. To further improve selection stringency, a series of weakened SV40E promoters have been generated and used to modulate plasmid-based GS expression with the intent of manipulating GS-CHO selection, finely adjusting the balance between GS expression and GS inhibitor (MSX) levels. The reduction of SV40E promoter activities have been confirmed by TaqMan RT-PCR and GFP expression profiling. Significant productivity improvements in both bulk culture and individual clonal cell line have been achieved with the combined use of GS-knockout CHOK1SV cells and weakened SV40E promoters driving GS expression in the current cell line generation process. The selection stringency was significantly increased, as indicated by the shift towards higher distribution of producing-cell populations, even with no MSX added into cell culture medium. The potential applications of weakened SV40E promoter and GS-knockout cells in development of targeted integration and transient CHO expression systems are also discussed.

Published
2013
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73. Yolk-albumen testosterone in a lizard with temperature-dependent sex determination: Relation with development

Author

Rachel M. Bowden, David Crews, and Victoria Huang

Subjects
Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Sex Differentiation, food.ingredient, Eublepharis, Andrology, Endocrinology, food, Internal medicine, Yolk, medicine, Animals, Testosterone, Incubation, Sexual differentiation, biology, Temperature-dependent sex determination, Temperature, Lizards, biology.organism_classification, Egg Yolk, embryonic structures, Leopard gecko, Female, Animal Science and Zoology, Oviparity
Abstract

The leopard gecko (Eublepharis macularius) exhibits temperature-dependent sex determination as well as temperature-influenced polymorphisms. Research suggests that in oviparous reptiles with temperature-dependent sex determination, steroid hormones in the yolk might influence sex determination and sexual differentiation. From captive leopard geckos that were all from the same incubation temperature regime, we gathered freshly laid eggs, incubated them at one of two female-biased incubation temperatures (26 or 34°C), and measured testosterone content in the yolk-albumen at early or late development. No differences in the concentration of testosterone were detected in eggs from different incubation temperatures. We report testosterone concentrations in the yolk-albumen were higher in eggs of late development than early development at 26°C incubation temperatures, a finding opposite that reported in other TSD reptiles studied to date.

Published
2013
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74. Sulfonation of Maternal Steroids is a Conserved Metabolic Pathway in Vertebrates

Author

Rachel M. Bowden and Ryan T. Paitz

Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty, Estrone, medicine.drug_class, medicine.medical_treatment, Metabolite, Radioimmunoassay, Plant Science, Biology, Steroid, chemistry.chemical_compound, Tandem Mass Spectrometry, Estrone sulfate, Internal medicine, medicine, Animals, Testosterone, Gonadal Steroid Hormones, Progesterone, Ovum, Analysis of Variance, Estradiol, Maternal effect, Estriol, Sex Determination Processes, Biological Evolution, Egg Yolk, Turtles, Endocrinology, chemistry, Estradiol sulfate, Estrogen, Female, Animal Science and Zoology, Metabolic Networks and Pathways, Chromatography, Liquid
Abstract

Synopsis All vertebrate embryos develop in the presence of maternally derived steroids, and maternal steroids have been hypothesized to link phenotype of the offspring to maternal physiology. In placental vertebrates, it is known that maternally derived steroids are metabolized during development via the sulfonation pathway. We used eggs from the red-eared slider turtle (Trachemys scripta) to determine whether the same metabolic pathway is used to metabolize maternally derived steroids in an oviparous vertebrate. To examine the relationship between estradiol and estrogen sulfates during development, levels of maternally derived estradiol were compared with levels of estradiol sulfate, estrone sulfate, and estriol sulfate at oviposition and after 20 days of embryonic development. Estrone sulfate was the only detectable estrogen sulfate. At oviposition, levels of both estradiol and estrone sulfate varied seasonally with clutches from later in the nesting season having significantly higher concentrations of both steroids. Levels of estrone sulfate increased during development, demonstrating that the sulfonation of maternally derived steroids occurs in oviparous vertebrates as well as in placental vertebrates. We also found that exogenous estrone sulfate increases the production of female hatchlings, thereby demonstrating the ability of this metabolite to influence embryonic development. To examine the role of sulfonation in the metabolism of maternal progesterone and testosterone, we characterized the metabolic fate of both steroids by applying tritiated forms of each steroid at oviposition and characterizing metabolites after 20 days of incubation. Similar to what was demonstrated for estradiol, both progesterone and testosterone are converted to sulfonated metabolites during embryonic development. These data suggest that steroid sulfates, both those that are maternally derived and those resulting from the metabolism of maternal steroids, are a key component of the mechanism underlying steroid-mediated maternal effects.

Published
2013
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75. Seasonal, Condition-Dependent, and Individual Variation in Testosterone in a Natricine Snake

Author

Richard B. King and Rachel M. Bowden

Subjects
Reproductive success, Ecology, media_common.quotation_subject, Thamnophis radix, Zoology, Testosterone (patch), Biology, Seasonality, biology.organism_classification, medicine.disease, Courtship, Natural population growth, medicine, Seasonal breeder, Animal Science and Zoology, Mating, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, media_common
Abstract

We collected plasma samples from adult males in a natural population of Plains Gartersnakes (Thamnophis radix) to characterize seasonal variation in testosterone. As in other New World temperate zone natricines, testosterone was high during spring emergence, declined as courtship and mating progressed, and then increased in late summer and fall. Based on patterns seen in this and other studies, we suggest that the rapidity with which testosterone decreases following spring emergence may be associated with the length of the mating season; and that it decreases rapidly in species and populations in which the mating season is brief and more slowly in species and populations in which mating occurs over an extended period. Testosterone showed a clear, positive association with body condition in adult male Plains Gartersnakes. Whether this association translates into greater reproductive success warrants further investigation. Because we collected blood samples multiple times from individual males with...

Published
2013
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77. Overview of the JET results in support to ITER

Author

Alfredo Pironti, J. Simpson-Hutchinson, Sean Conroy, J. Uljanovs, D. Middleton-Gear, G. Possnert, C. Angioni, R. McAdams, Nicholas Watkins, E. Fortuna-Zalesna, A. Garcia-Carrasco, K. Gałązka, D. Nodwell, Pasquale Gaudio, R.A. Pitts, Svetlana V. Ratynskaia, Seppo Koivuranta, O. J. Kwon, C. Boyd, A. Boboc, M. Reinhart, Igor Lengar, Jarrod Leddy, Hiroyasu Utoh, J. H. Ahn, A. Stevens, J. Lönnroth, U. Kruezi, C. Guillemaut, N. Fonnesu, W. Studholme, Marek Rubel, P. Cahyna, O. McCormack, A. S. Jacobsen, D. Mazon, Gunta Kizane, N. Ashikawa, William Tang, J. Goff, F. Nespoli, Thomas Giegerich, G. Petravich, Angela Busse, Corneliu Porosnicu, M. Bigi, M. Wheatley, Christopher N. Bowman, J. Zacks, Ivan Calvo, U. Losada, H. Weisen, B. Bauvir, Stanislas Pamela, Sylvain Brémond, M.F. Stamp, Scott W. McIntosh, A. Rakha, S. Glöggler, V. Braic, C. Bottereau, S. Murphy, S. Knott, Luigi Fortuna, P. Bunting, N. Vora, S. D. Scott, A. Lazaros, R. Dejarnac, P. Buratti, H.R. Strauss, Gabriele Croci, M. Nocente, A. Hollingsworth, S. Reynolds, D. J. Wilson, D. D. Brown, T.C. Luce, S. Zoletnik, E. Nilsson, L. Laguardia, O. Marchuk, F.P. Orsitto, E. Cecil, V. Huber, J. B. Girardo, Stylianos Varoutis, M. D. Axton, Hyun-Tae Kim, E. Safi, Ch. Day, S. Arshad, J. Rzadkiewicz, P. Prior, A. Meigs, S. Esquembri, P. Gohil, K. Purahoo, Torbjörn Hellsten, N. Tipton, R. Guirlet, E. Joffrin, V. Aldred, Calin Besliu, M. Valentinuzzi, G. T. Jones, J. Edwards, Giuseppe Ambrosino, Laurent Marot, N. Lam, F. Crisanti, G. Verona Rinati, R. Marshal, Michael L. Brown, D. Frigione, D. Chandra, Michaele Freisinger, R. Olney, Jari Varje, S. Whetham, F. Parra Diaz, M. R. Hough, P. Dinca, F. Salzedas, A. Goodyear, R. Gowland, J. A. Wilson, J. Horacek, D. King, K. Flinders, I. R. Merrigan, M. Ghate, R. Michling, F. Saint-Laurent, G. Kocsis, D. Van Eester, C. Young, R. O. Dendy, A. Meakins, N. Pace, C. L. Hunter, D. Alegre, S. Foster, V. Riccardo, M. Bulman, C. Jeong, Marek Szawlowski, B. D. Whitehead, Vasily Kiptily, James Harrison, Hiroshi Tojo, G. T. A. Huijsmans, J. W. Coenen, X. Litaudon, Justin Williams, C. Hidalgo, S. Lesnoj, I.E. Day, A. W. Morris, R. Mooney, Yann Corre, S. Brezinsek, B. Gonçalves, M. Kresina, D. Coombs, F. Köchl, J. L. Gardarein, W. Davis, Aqsa Shabbir, Kanti M. Aggarwal, L. Colas, A. B. Kukushkin, Seppo Sipilä, Elisabeth Rachlew, Leena Aho-Mantila, O. G. Pompilian, E. Viezzer, Shane Cooper, Fabio Villone, P. Blanchard, Patrick Tamain, P. Camp, T. Szabolics, C. Luna, Kalle Heinola, H. G. Esser, V. Bobkov, James Buchanan, Andrew West, Hajime Urano, Roberta Lima Gomes, J.P. Coad, Th. Pütterich, A. Sinha, S. Hollis, R. D. Wood, G. D. Ewart, F. S. Griph, T. Kobuchi, X. Lefebvre, S. Warder, A.J. Thornton, S. Peschanyi, B. Graham, Giuseppe Telesca, M. Kempenaars, J. Bernardo, M. Hughes, Eva Belonohy, S. Schmuck, Kai Nordlund, T. J. Smith, P. Hertout, K. D. Lawson, M. Brix, Matthew Sibbald, Grégoire Hornung, C. Tame, Matthew Carr, S. Wray, P. T. Doyle, A. Somers, Giuseppe Chitarin, D. C. Campling, Mitul Abhangi, I. Jepu, David A. Wood, J. Miettunen, A. Sopplesa, Raffaele Fresa, S. Saarelma, M. Bacharis, J. Pozzi, P. Vallejos Olivares, Teddy Craciunescu, Raffaele Albanese, S. Knipe, Jason P. Byrne, A. C. C. Sips, S. Hazel, V. Kazantzidis, G. Stankūnas, A. Kundu, J. Mailloux, C. Guerard, Pramit Dutta, J. E. Boom, Eduardo Alves, P. Grazier, Saskia Mordijck, V.S. Neverov, Kazuo Hoshino, A. P. Vadgama, P. D. Brennan, P. Innocente, Piergiorgio Sonato, M. Irishkin, M. Berry, D. W. Robson, Dieter Leichtle, Fabio Pisano, P. McCullen, T. M. Huddleston, Kensaku Kamiya, D. Pacella, Tommy Ahlgren, A. Kirschner, B. Magesh, A. Ash, J. Mlynář, C. Castaldo, C. Marchetto, D. L. Hillis, M. Incelli, B. Viola, R. J. Robins, E. Andersson Sundén, G. Ramogida, Matthew Reinke, Gerd Meisl, Yannis Kominis, R. Proudfoot, C. Noble, N. J. Conway, V. P. Lo Schiavo, Jorge Luis Rodriguez, Hugo Bufferand, C. H. A. Hogben, B. Evans, R. Sartori, H. Greuner, M. G. Dunne, K. Schöpf, M. I. K. Santala, E. Giovannozzi, A. E. Shevelev, C. Gil, P. Boulting, P. Sagar, A.E. Shumack, P. A. Coates, C. Ayres, R. Prakash, C. Giroud, M. Parsons, J. C. Giacalone, S. Meshchaninov, A. Peackoc, G. De Temmerman, A.C.A. Figueiredo, D. Gallart, P. Santa, Sergey Popovichev, Ivan Lupelli, M. Valovic, Thomas Johnson, Y. Martynova, M. Rack, Olivier Sauter, J. Garcia, P. Siren, I. Balboa, S. Lee, Hans Nordman, R. Roccella, M. Faitsch, Julien Hillairet, Patrick J. McCarthy, C. Reux, Irena Ivanova-Stanik, V. Coccorese, Ye. O. Kazakov, R. El-Jorf, C. Hamlyn-Harris, Matthias Weiszflog, C. F. Maggi, Panagiotis Tolias, N. C. Hawkes, E. Clark, Bruno Santos, B. Sieglin, R. Rodionov, Roch Kwiatkowski, P. Denner, C. Woodley, Hugh Summers, Francesco Pizzo, G. Pucella, D. Croft, F. Di Maio, M. Tomes, D. Molina, A. Fernades, L. Amicucci, Marco Cecconello, A. Bisoffi, Z. Ul-Abidin, J. Wilkinson, H. Maier, S. Rowe, M. Beckers, P.J. Knight, E. Pajuste, Choong-Seock Chang, K. Deakin, M. Enachescu, A. Cobalt, D. Tskhakaya Jun, Michela Gelfusa, Rémy Nouailletas, R. Ragona, N. Bonanomi, D. A. Homfray, K. Riddle, Yann Camenen, J. D. Thomas, R.P. Doerner, Timothy P. Robinson, Y. Miyoshi, Ph. Jacquet, H. T. Lambertz, D. Pulley, A. Bécoulet, E. Tholerus, O. Bogar, M. Peterka, R. Crowe, C. Sommariva, A. R. Talbot, N. K. Butler, N. Reid, R. Zagórski, Gerald Pintsuk, Juri Romazanov, Andre Neto, G. L. Ravera, Paolo Arena, A. Manning, F. Durodié, Maryna Chernyshova, D. Karkinsky, Štefan Matejčík, J. P. Thomas, A. Wilson, L. Joita, R. Naish, P. Strand, M. Balden, M. Kaufman, T. Powell, V. Schmidt, D. Barnes, José Vicente, S. Doswon, Daniel F. Valcarcel, Claudia Corradino, R. Warren, Annette M. Hynes, J. D. Strachan, A. M. Messiaen, M. Kovari, O. Omolayo, D. M. Witts, R. C. Felton, C. Fleming, C. A. Marren, Patrick Maget, J. Galdon-Quiroga, H. R. Koslowski, Bruce Lipschultz, Ana Elisa Bauer de Camargo Silva, J. Waterhouse, R. J. Dumont, M. Schneider, Sara Moradi, K. J. Nicholls, M. Beldishevski, Benedikt Geiger, A. Jardin, A. Ekedahl, A. Lyssoivan, C. Waldon, Davide Galassi, F. Jaulmes, A. Kirk, Yannick Marandet, F. Hasenbeck, Gabor Szepesi, R. C. Pereira, J. Juul Rasmussen, Nobuyuki Aiba, Michelle E. Walker, Gábor Cseh, Scott W. Mosher, R. Bastow, A. Di Siena, E. Lazzaro, M. Curuia, C. D. Challis, Z. Ghani, J. Deane, João M. C. Sousa, Henrik Sjöstrand, T. O'Gorman, H. R. Wilson, P. Devynck, M. Price, C. A. Thompson, Daniele Marocco, A. Cullen, M. Clark, M. Lennholm, D. Carralero, N. Balshaw, Roland Sabot, I. Stepanov, N. Petrella, Filippo Sartori, L. W. Packer, P. Thomas, M. Lungu, A. V. Krasilnikov, R. Young, Jonathan Graves, J. C. Hillesheim, Mǎdǎlina Vlad, Duccio Testa, Pierre Dumortier, Paulo Carvalho, M. Gosk, Yong-Su Na, M. Buckley, Carlos A. Silva, V. Fuchs, K. Vasava, P. A. Tigwell, B. Wakeling, M. Medland, M. Bellinger, K. Gal, Petter Ström, E. Veshchev, F. Nabais, A. Wynn, L. Lauro Taroni, B. Beckett, L. Gil, M. Towndrow, Brian Grierson, Harry M. Meyer, V. Philipps, A. de Castro, D. Kinna, D. Conka, Göran Ericsson, L. Piron, J. Hawkins, D. Cooper, Kenneth Hammond, V.V. Parail, Cristian Ruset, G.J. van Rooij, M. N. A. Beurskens, N. Fawlk, G. Evison, M. Van De Mortel, N. Marcenko, B. Slade, Th. Franke, Simone Peruzzo, N. den Harder, D. Baião, A. Martin de Aguilera, Frederic Imbeaux, Carlo Sozzi, J.L. de Pablos, J. Svensson, A. Withycombe, Ane Lasa, H. Sheikh, V.A. Yavorskij, Nick Walkden, E. Lerche, C. S. Gibson, Roberto Zanino, Y. Peysson, David Hatch, B. Bazylev, E. de la Cal, S. Hacquin, T. D. V. Haupt, S. A. Silburn, T.T.C. Jones, Maria Teresa Porfiri, Walid Helou, S. E. Sharapov, M. Zerbini, Ken W Bell, Marco Marinelli, Kyriakos Hizanidis, J. M. Fontdecaba, N. Teplova, K. K. Kirov, S. Vartanian, W. W. Pires de Sa, T. C. Hender, J. K. Blackburn, I. Monakhov, H. Patten, P. A. Simmons, Y. Austin, J. Regana, Stefano Coda, Amanda J. Page, D. Fuller, António J.N. Batista, A. Horton, P. Heesterman, S. Cramp, J. Hobirk, F. Clairet, A. Burckhart, M. Allinson, Larry R. Baylor, W. Leysen, D. B. Gin, P. Nielsen, A. Kantor, Yueqiang Liu, A.V. Stephen, Jose Ramon Martin-Solis, P. Mantica, B. C. Regan, Aleksander Drenik, A. Lukin, L. Thorne, G. Nemtsev, J. Denis, M. E. Graham, D. Rigamonti, W. Van Renterghem, M. Tardocchi, M. Koubiti, A. Malaquias, M. Tsalas, A. Cufar, Giuseppe Prestopino, D. Kogut, N. Pomaro, J. Keep, Jochen Linke, Shimpei Futatani, Boris Breizman, A. Sirinelli, M. Chandler, M. Fortune, F. Degli Agostini, I. Jenkins, T. Spelzini, G. Calabrò, O. N. Kent, A. Lunniss, Etienne Hodille, Z. Vizvary, Volker Naulin, T. Eich, F. Mink, A. Alkseev, P. W. Haydon, Massimo Angelone, Norberto Catarino, J. Lapins, Roberto Pasqualotto, R. Lawless, T. Schlummer, F. Bonelli, M. Wischmeier, Stéphane Devaux, G. Saibene, Dirk Reiser, Y. R. Martin, H. Bergsåker, Jon Godwin, Alessia Santucci, C. Lane, Justyna Grzonka, Ph. Mertens, Claudio Verona, David Moulton, E. Delabie, Anna Salmi, P. G. Smith, T. Bolzonella, Silvio Ceccuzzi, Ulrich Fischer, G. Liu, M. A. Henderson, M. Marinucci, T. Suzuki, Jakub Bielecki, João Figueiredo, M. Afzal, J. Cane, Robert Hager, Luciano Bertalot, M. Firdaouss, G. Tvalashvili, D. Hepple, D. Esteve, M. De Bock, Y. Baranov, R. D'Inca, G. De Tommasi, Ch. Linsmeier, T. Nicolas, I. J. Pearson, P. Finburg, Ireneusz Książek, S. Talebzadeh, A. Czarnecka, A. Botrugno, M. Gethins, Bohdan Bieg, R. Baughan, I. Borodkina, B. Kos, A. Muraro, T. Vasilopoulou, G. Hermon, S.J. Wukitch, Jari Likonen, D. P. Coster, Guglielmo Rubinacci, I. H. Coffey, Justine M. Kent, S. E. Dorling, J. Dankowski, Geert Verdoolaege, Daisuke Nishijima, R. Clarkson, E. R. Solano, M. Stephen, A. Lescinskis, P. Staniec, Karl Schmid, M. Mayer, Peter Lang, T. Franklin, M.I. Williams, C. G. Elsmore, F. Maviglia, C. Di Troia, C. Penot, A. Zarins, Pierre Manas, D. F. Gear, Yu Gao, Philipp Drews, E. Letellier, A. S. Thompson, L. Forsythe, I. Zychor, E. Khilkevich, A. Manzanares, T. Nakano, Paulo Rodrigues, J. Edmond, Sebastián Dormido-Canto, R. Dux, C. Appelbee, L. Moser, Angelo Cenedese, D. Fagan, N. Richardson, Giuseppe Gorini, V. Rohde, R. Paprok, João P. S. Bizarro, P. Aleynikov, M. Sertoli, Ł. Świderski, Simone Palazzo, O. W. Davies, D. Douai, N. Macdonald, M. Baruzzo, J. López-Razola, M. Lungaroni, D. Clatworthy, R. Bravanec, J. Lovell, Ambrogio Fasoli, S.-P. Pehkonen, M. E. Puiatti, P. Papp, G. Bodnar, V. Aslanyan, A. Weckmann, K. A. Taylor, R. Henriques, I. T. Chapman, Ewa Pawelec, Miles M. Turner, Steven J. Meitner, M. Bernert, Ph. Maquet, R. C. Meadows, A. Shaw, N. Vianello, L. Barrera Orte, Tomas Markovic, A. Fil, A. S. Couchman, Inessa Bolshakova, J. Fyvie, Konstantina Mergia, J. Gallagher, R.V. Budny, Frank Leipold, C. J. Rapson, R. C. Lobel, Gennady V. Miloshevsky, K.-D. Zastrow, Ph. Duckworth, Gianluca Rubino, G. Withenshaw, S. Maruyama, S. P. Hallworth Cook, M. Newman, Jérôme Bucalossi, P. Drewelow, Nuno Cruz, D. Iglesias, I. Nedzelski, T. Donne, P. Leichuer, R. Cesario, M. D. J. Bright, T. Boyce, N. Imazawa, Per Petersson, R. King, A. Loving, L. Garzotti, Jorge Ferreira, G. Corrigan, D. Sandiford, B. Tal, P. Puglia, Daniel Tegnered, J. Karhunen, James S. Wright, Tom Wauters, J. McKehon, K. Rathod, Olivier Février, Alessandro Formisano, Petra Bilkova, M. Groth, Ricardo Magnus Osorio Galvao, F. Medina, S. Collins, H. J. Boyer, Elena Bruno, Horacio Fernandes, M. J. Stead, R. Paccagnella, J. Kaniewski, Ion E. Stamatelatos, F. Causa, M. F. F. Nave, A. Patel, D. C. McDonald, L. Moreira, Mariano Ruiz, K. Dylst, Raymond A. Shaw, A. Brett, Jane Johnston, P. P. Pereira Puglia, J. Ongena, N. A. Benterman, V. N. Amosov, Christian Grisolia, J. Simpson, C. Perez von Thun, Jan Weiland, P. Tonner, F. Belli, T. Odupitan, T. Dittmar, Edmund Highcock, Taina Kurki-Suonio, I. Uytdenhouwen, Estelle Gauthier, M. Oberkofler, B. Alper, Iris D. Young, S. Soare, Yuji Hatano, D. Reece, D. Borodin, M. Moneti, W. Yanling, S. Mianowski, K. Fenton, Stephen J. Bailey, R. Coelho, Sandra C. Chapman, E. Łaszyńska, A. R. Field, F.J. Martínez, Anders Nielsen, M. Smithies, M. J. Mantsinen, A. J. Capel, N. D. Smith, A. Pires dos Reis, M.-L. Mayoral, T. Loarer, P. Carman, N. Grazier, S. Breton, J. M. A. Bradshaw, Alexandre C. Pereira, Fulvio Auriemma, Fulvio Militello, Barbara Cannas, D. Ulyatt, A. Kappatou, P. Blatchford, R. Scannell, B. I. Oswuigwe, Darren Price, Robert E. Grove, D. Guard, M. Leyland, G. Stubbs, J. W. Banks, V.V. Plyusnin, M. S. J. Rainford, Andrea Murari, Sanjeev Ranjan, A. Huber, V. Krasilnikov, C. Bower, H. Leggate, S. Abduallev, P. Tsavalas, G. Giruzzi, K. Maczewa, Colin Roach, P. Beaumont, R. P. Johnson, Anna Widdowson, L. A. Kogan, A. Baron Wiechec, Markus Airila, J. Morris, Robert Skilton, Katarzyna Słabkowska, M. A. Barnard, Jean-Paul Booth, Alessandro Pau, R. Price, R. Bament, M. Tokitani, I. Turner, T. Vu, P. Huynh, S.N. Gerasimov, D. I. Refy, Yunfeng Liang, Anders Hjalmarsson, S. Dalley, Roberto Ambrosino, O. Hemming, T. R. Blackman, Y. Zhou, Vasile Zoita, P. Vincenzi, A. Loarte, C. Rayner, Martin Imrisek, M. Tripsky, C. Mazzotta, A. Uccello, V. Basiuk, Lide Yao, V. Goloborod'ko, S. Villari, B. P. Duval, N. Bulmer, W. Zhang, L. Hackett, D. N. Borba, M. Halitovs, Mario Pillon, H. Arnichand, Alberto Alfier, A. Lawson, A. Masiello, T. Makkonen, A. Vitins, D. Rendell, D. Paton, L. Avotina, A. Krivska, M. Maslov, Richard Verhoeven, Marc Goniche, A. Broslawski, Marica Rebai, E. de la Luna, E. Militello-Asp, V. Cocilovo, L. Carraro, Michael Fitzgerald, Bernardo B. Carvalho, D. Young, C.G. Lowry, F. J. Casson, L.-G. Eriksson, T. M. Biewer, B. Esposito, F.G. Rimini, J. Fessey, G. Kaveney, S. Hall, Robin Barnsley, Michael Lehnen, N. Bekris, L. F. Ruchko, P. Batistoni, E. Alessi, M. G. O'Mullane, D. S. Darrow, C. N. Grundy, N. Hayter, Ivo S. Carvalho, M. Brombin, Enrico Zilli, M. Valisa, M. Reich, S. Panja, C. Gurl, Charles Harrington, Emmanuele Peluso, M. Porton, Michael Walsh, D. Falie, A. Reed, Jacob Eriksson, P. Macheta, J. M. Faustin, S. Cortes, S. Fietz, P. Piovesan, D. Ciric, Eric Nardon, R. Neu, Bojiang Ding, G.A. Rattá, F. Reimold, R. Craven, M. Cox, J. Orszagh, Aaro Järvinen, A. S. Thrysøe, A. Shepherd, I. Ďuran, Andrew M. Edwards, A. Kinch, J. Beal, M. Gherendi, Martin Köppen, D. Samaddar, P. Dalgliesh, I. Vinyar, J. Jansons, Nengchao Wang, J. Wu, John Wright, S. Wiesen, C. King, Alessandra Fanni, L. D. Horton, N. Krawczyk, J. Buch, K. Krieger, Václav Petržílka, D. Schworer, C. Watts, T. Keenan, Andrea Malizia, B. D. Stevens, P. Trimble, C. P. Lungu, V. Prajapati, Marco Ariola, C. Wellstood, S. Gilligan, Mirko Salewski, Michael Barnes, Florin Spineanu, H. Doerk, C. Kennedy, S. Jachmich, J. Caumont, Isabel L. Nunes, A. Petre, A. Kallenbach, M. Anghel, B. Lomanowski, Marco Riva, M. Romanelli, G. De Masi, T. May-Smith, T. Xu, A. Goussarov, S. Romanelli, M. Okabayashi, A. Baker, R. Salmon, T. Tala, Nicolas Fedorczak, S. Lanthaler, Giuliana Sias, J. Risner, Clarisse Bourdelle, M. E. Manso, Fabio Moro, R. Lucock, M. Bassan, M. T. Ogawa, V. Thompson, A. M. Whitehead, S. D. A. Reyes Cortes, Igor Bykov, Gennady Sergienko, E. Stefanikova, Mattia Frasca, H. Dabirikhah, Lorenzo Frassinetti, N. Dzysiuk, D. L. Keeling, Juan Manuel López, M. Turnyanskiy, Daniel Dunai, David Taylor, Arturo Buscarino, Carolina Björkas, A. Baciero, S. Meigh, M. Garcia-Munoz, Massimiliano Mattei, M. Hill, Gwyndaf Evans, S. Minucci, Xiang Gao, A. V. Chankin, Francesco Romanelli, A. Lahtinen, L. Giacomelli, A. Owen, Jesús Vega, Jonathan Citrin, Antti Hakola, Petr Vondracek, Sehyun Kwak, P. Abreu, L. Meneses, S. S. Medley, G. Gervasini, Surya K. Pathak, Kristel Crombé, M. Cleverly, H.S. Kim, C. Stan-Sion, Nobuyuki Asakura, E. Wang, A. Cardinali, L. Fazendeiro, R. Cavazzana, P. J. Lomas, J. Hawes, G. Stables, Silvia Spagnolo, S. P. Hotchin, N. R. Green, Slawomir Jednorog, Ewa Kowalska-Strzęciwilk, A. Martin, Linwei Li, Rajnikant Makwana, Richard Goulding, I. Voitsekhovitch, M. Bowden, I. Kodeli, Peter Hawkins, S. S. Henderson, Ondrej Ficker, Carl Hellesen, D. Yadikin, Fabio Subba, Luka Snoj, Anthony Laing, N. Ben Ayed, Mario Cavinato, M. Goodliffe, C. Clements, D. Kenny, Axel Klix, S. Gee, R. J. E. Smith, P. de Vries, L. Fittill, Min-Gu Yoo, S. Menmuir, K. Cave-Ayland, S. Potzel, D. Grist, K. Blackman, S. A. Robinson, Rodney Walker, David Pfefferlé, W. Broeckx, D. Harting, S. G. J. Tyrrell, F. Binda, L. Horvath, Davide Flammini, P. V. Edappala, Raul Moreno, G. M. D. Hogeweij, P. Card, A. Hagar, Ion Tiseanu, Rita Lorenzini, L. Appel, Jet Contributors, J. Flanagan, C. Paz Soldan, U. Samm, Otto Asunta, F. Eriksson, C. Taliercio, F. S. Zaitsev, G. F. Matthews, Tuomas Koskela, P. J. Howarth, D. Terranova, M. Skiba, Amanda Hubbard, R. Otin, K. G. McClements, M. Park, R. McKean, C. Christopher Klepper, I. Karnowska, Peter J. Pool, G. Ciraolo, Jennifer M. Lehmann, Institut de Mécanique des Fluides et des Solides (IMFS), Université Louis Pasteur - Strasbourg I-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland (VTT), Association EURATOM-TEKES, Association EURATOM-TEKES, Helsinki University of Technology, Finland, Assoc. Euratom-ENEA-CREATE, Universita Mediterranea of Reggio Calabria [Reggio Calabria], EURATOM/CCFE Fusion Association, Culham Science Centre [Abingdon], Instituto Tecnológico e Nuclear (ITN), ITN, University of Naples Federico II = Università degli studi di Napoli Federico II, Max-Planck-Institut für Plasmaphysik [Garching] (IPP), Università degli studi di Catania = University of Catania (Unict), National Institute for Fusion Science (NIFS), Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Énergies (LPNHE), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), ITER organization (ITER), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles (ICSN), Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Recherche sur la Fusion par confinement Magnétique (IRFM), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), European Fusion Development Agreement [Garching bei München] ( EFDA-CSU), Institut d'ophtalmologie Hédi-Rais de Tunis, Service Cardiologie [CHU Toulouse], Pôle Cardiovasculaire et Métabolique [CHU Toulouse], Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse (CHU Toulouse)-Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse (CHU Toulouse), H. Niewodniczanski Institute of Nuclear Physics, Polska Akademia Nauk = Polish Academy of Sciences (PAN), Laboratoire de recherche en Hydrodynamique, Énergétique et Environnement Atmosphérique (LHEEA), École Centrale de Nantes (ECN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Euratom/UKAEA Fusion Assoc., Magnetic Sensor laboratory [Lviv] (MSL), National Polytechnic University of Lviv (LPNU), The National Research Nuclear University MEPhI (Moscow Engineering Physics Institute) [Moscow, Russia], Institute of Energy and Climate Research - Plasma Physics (IEK-4), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH | Centre de recherche de Juliers, Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft = Helmholtz Association-Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft = Helmholtz Association, Institute for Problems of Material Science, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine (NASU), Institute of Plasma Physics [Praha], Czech Academy of Sciences [Prague] (CAS), Physique des interactions ioniques et moléculaires (PIIM), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Département Méthodes et Modèles Mathématiques pour l'Industrie (3MI-ENSMSE), École des Mines de Saint-Étienne (Mines Saint-Étienne MSE), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Centre G2I, Department of Hydraulics, Transportations and Roads, Laboratoire de microbiologie et génétique moléculaires - UMR5100 (LMGM), Centre de Biologie Intégrative (CBI), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Metallurgical & Materials Engineering Department (MS 388), University of Nevada [Reno], AUTRES, Institute of Plasma Physics and Laser Microfusion [Warsaw] (IPPLM), Culham Centre for Fusion Energy (CCFE), Astrophysics Research Centre [Belfast] (ARC), Queen's University [Belfast] (QUB), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives - Laboratoire d'Electronique et de Technologie de l'Information (CEA-LETI), Direction de Recherche Technologique (CEA) (DRT (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), School of Mathematics [Cardiff], Cardiff University, Associazone EURATOM ENEA sulla Fusione, EURATOM, Laboratoire de physique des plasmas de l'ERM, Laboratorium voor plasmafysica van de KMS (LPP ERM KMS), Ecole Royale Militaire / Koninklijke Militaire School (ERM KMS), Paul-Drude-Institut für Festkörperelektronik (PDI), Institut für Physik, University of Basel (Unibas), Dutch Institute for Fundamental Energy Research [Nieuwegein] (DIFFER), Dutch Institute for Fundamental Energy Research [Eindhoven] (DIFFER), Institut Jean Lamour (IJL), Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), CEA Cadarache, Dipartimento di Energia [Milano], Politecnico di Milano [Milan] (POLIMI), Laboratoire de Mécanique, Modélisation et Procédés Propres (M2P2), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-École Centrale de Marseille (ECM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Lille économie management - UMR 9221 (LEM), Université d'Artois (UA)-Université catholique de Lille (UCL)-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Euratom research and training programme 633053, Institut de Mécanique des Fluides et des Solides ( IMFS ), Université Louis Pasteur - Strasbourg I-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland ( VTT ), Univ. Mediterranea RC, Culham Science Centre, Instituto Tecnológico e Nuclear ( ITN ), Università degli studi di Napoli Federico II, Max-Planck-Institut für Plasmaphysik [Garching] ( IPP ), Università degli studi di Catania [Catania], National Institute for Fusion Science, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Énergies ( LPNHE ), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 ( UPMC ) -Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS ( IN2P3 ) -Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 ( UPD7 ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, ITER Organization, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology ( KIT ), Laboratoire de Nanotechnologie et d'Instrumentation Optique ( LNIO ), Institut Charles Delaunay ( ICD ), Université de Technologie de Troyes ( UTT ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université de Technologie de Troyes ( UTT ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles ( ICSN ), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Institut de Recherche sur la Fusion par confinement Magnétique ( IRFM ), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives ( CEA ), European Fusion Development Agreement [Garching bei München] ( EFDA-CSU ), Service de cardiologie [Toulouse], Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse 3 ( UPS ) -CHU Toulouse [Toulouse]-Hôpital de Rangueil, ITER [St. Paul-lez-Durance], ITER, Polska Akademia Nauk ( PAN ), Laboratoire de recherche en Hydrodynamique, Énergétique et Environnement Atmosphérique ( LHEEA ), École Centrale de Nantes ( ECN ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), MSL, Lviv Polytechnic National University ( MSL ), Lviv Polytechnic National University, Centre d'études et de recherches appliquées à la gestion ( CERAG ), Université Pierre Mendès France - Grenoble 2 ( UPMF ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Institute of Energy and Climate Research - Plasma Physics ( IEK-4 ), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine ( NASU ), Lille - Economie et Management ( LEM ), Université catholique de Lille ( UCL ) -Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Czech Academy of Sciences [Prague] ( ASCR ), Physique des interactions ioniques et moléculaires ( PIIM ), Aix Marseille Université ( AMU ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Département Méthodes et Modèles Mathématiques pour l'Industrie ( 3MI-ENSMSE ), École des Mines de Saint-Étienne ( Mines Saint-Étienne MSE ), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris]-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris]-Centre G2I, Laboratoire de microbiologie et génétique moléculaires ( LMGM ), Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse 3 ( UPS ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), University of Nevada, Institute of Plasma Physics and Laser Microfusion [Warsaw] ( IPPLM ), UCL Department of Space and Climate Physics, University College of London [London] ( UCL ), Astrophysics Research Centre [Belfast] ( ARC ), Queen's University [Belfast] ( QUB ), Laboratoire d'Electronique et des Technologies de l'Information ( CEA-LETI ), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives ( CEA ) -Université Grenoble Alpes [Saint Martin d'Hères], Cardiff School of Mathematics, Laboratoire de physique des plasmas de l'ERM, Laboratorium voor plasmafysica van de KMS ( LPP ERM KMS ), Ecole Royale Militaire / Koninklijke Militaire School ( ERM KMS ), Paul-Drude-Institut für Festkörperelektronik, University of Basel ( Unibas ), Dutch Institute for Fundamental Energy Research [Nieuwegein] ( DIFFER ), Dutch Institute for Fundamental Energy Research [Eindhoven] ( DIFFER ), Institut Jean Lamour ( IJL ), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université de Lorraine ( UL ), Dipartimento di Energia, Politecnico di Milano [Milan], Max Planck Institute for Plasma Physics, Laboratoire de Mécanique, Modélisation et Procédés Propres ( M2P2 ), Aix Marseille Université ( AMU ) -Ecole Centrale de Marseille ( ECM ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya. Departament de Física, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya. ANT - Advanced Nuclear Technologies Research Group, JET Contributors, Litaudon, X, Abduallev, S, Abhangi, M, Abreu, P, Afzal, M, Aggarwal, K, Ahlgren, T, Ahn, J, Aho Mantila, L, Aiba, N, Airila, M, Albanese, R, Aldred, V, Alegre, D, Alessi, E, Aleynikov, P, Alfier, A, Alkseev, A, Allinson, M, Alper, B, Alves, E, Ambrosino, G, Ambrosino, R, Amicucci, L, Amosov, V, Andersson Sundén, E, Angelone, M, Anghel, M, Angioni, C, Appel, L, Appelbee, C, Arena, P, Ariola, M, Arnichand, H, Arshad, S, Ash, A, Ashikawa, N, Aslanyan, V, Asunta, O, Auriemma, F, Austin, Y, Avotina, L, Axton, M, Ayres, C, Bacharis, M, Baciero, A, Baiã¡o, D, Bailey, S, Baker, A, Balboa, I, Balden, M, Balshaw, N, Bament, R, Banks, J, Baranov, Y, Barnard, M, Barnes, D, Barnes, M, Barnsley, R, Baron Wiechec, A, Barrera Orte, L, Baruzzo, M, Basiuk, V, Bassan, M, Bastow, R, Batista, A, Batistoni, P, Baughan, R, Bauvir, B, Baylor, L, Bazylev, B, Beal, J, Beaumont, P, Beckers, M, Beckett, B, Becoulet, A, Bekris, N, Beldishevski, M, Bell, K, Belli, F, Bellinger, M, Belonohy, Ã, Ben Ayed, N, Benterman, N, Bergsã¥ker, H, Bernardo, J, Bernert, M, Berry, M, Bertalot, L, Besliu, C, Beurskens, M, Bieg, B, Bielecki, J, Biewer, T, Bigi, M, Bã­lkovã¡, P, Binda, F, Bisoffi, A, Bizarro, J, Bjã¶rkas, C, Blackburn, J, Blackman, K, Blackman, T, Blanchard, P, Blatchford, P, Bobkov, V, Boboc, A, Bodnã¡r, G, Bogar, O, Bolshakova, I, Bolzonella, T, Bonanomi, N, Bonelli, F, Boom, J, Booth, J, Borba, D, Borodin, D, Borodkina, I, Botrugno, A, Bottereau, C, Boulting, P, Bourdelle, C, Bowden, M, Bower, C, Bowman, C, Boyce, T, Boyd, C, Boyer, H, Bradshaw, J, Braic, V, Bravanec, R, Breizman, B, Bremond, S, Brennan, P, Breton, S, Brett, A, Brezinsek, S, Bright, M, Brix, M, Broeckx, W, Brombin, M, Broså‚awski, A, Brown, D, Brown, M, Bruno, E, Bucalossi, J, Buch, J, Buchanan, J, Buckley, M, Budny, R, Bufferand, H, Bulman, M, Bulmer, N, Bunting, P, Buratti, P, Burckhart, A, Buscarino, A, Busse, A, Butler, N, Bykov, I, Byrne, J, Cahyna, P, Calabrã², G, Calvo, I, Camenen, Y, Camp, P, Campling, D, Cane, J, Cannas, B, Capel, A, Card, P, Cardinali, A, Carman, P, Carr, M, Carralero, D, Carraro, L, Carvalho, B, Carvalho, I, Carvalho, P, Casson, F, Castaldo, C, Catarino, N, Caumont, J, Causa, F, Cavazzana, R, Cave Ayland, K, Cavinato, M, Cecconello, M, Ceccuzzi, S, Cecil, E, Cenedese, A, Cesario, R, Challis, C, Chandler, M, Chandra, D, Chang, C, Chankin, A, Chapman, I, Chapman, S, Chernyshova, M, Chitarin, G, Ciraolo, G, Ciric, D, Citrin, J, Clairet, F, Clark, E, Clark, M, Clarkson, R, Clatworthy, D, Clements, C, Cleverly, M, Coad, J, Coates, P, Cobalt, A, Coccorese, V, Cocilovo, V, Coda, S, Coelho, R, Coenen, J, Coffey, I, Colas, L, Collins, S, Conka, D, Conroy, S, Conway, N, Coombs, D, Cooper, D, Cooper, S, Corradino, C, Corre, Y, Corrigan, G, Cortes, S, Coster, D, Couchman, A, Cox, M, Craciunescu, T, Cramp, S, Craven, R, Crisanti, F, Croci, G, Croft, D, Crombã©, K, Crowe, R, Cruz, N, Cseh, G, Cufar, A, Cullen, A, Curuia, M, Czarnecka, A, Dabirikhah, H, Dalgliesh, P, Dalley, S, Dankowski, J, Darrow, D, Davies, O, Davis, W, Day, C, Day, I, De Bock, M, De Castro, A, De La Cal, E, De La Luna, E, De Masi, G, De Pablos, J, De Temmerman, G, De Tommasi, G, De Vries, P, Deakin, K, Deane, J, Degli Agostini, F, Dejarnac, R, Delabie, E, Den Harder, N, Dendy, R, Denis, J, Denner, P, Devaux, S, Devynck, P, Di Maio, F, Di Siena, A, Di Troia, C, Dinca, P, D'Inca, R, Ding, B, Dittmar, T, Doerk, H, Doerner, R, Donnã©, T, Dorling, S, Dormido Canto, S, Doswon, S, Douai, D, Doyle, P, Drenik, A, Drewelow, P, Drews, P, Duckworth, P, Dumont, R, Dumortier, P, Dunai, D, Dunne, M, Äžuran, I, Durodiã©, F, Dutta, P, Duval, B, Dux, R, Dylst, K, Dzysiuk, N, Edappala, P, Edmond, J, Edwards, A, Edwards, J, Eich, T, Ekedahl, A, El Jorf, R, Elsmore, C, Enachescu, M, Ericsson, G, Eriksson, F, Eriksson, J, Eriksson, L, Esposito, B, Esquembri, S, Esser, H, Esteve, D, Evans, B, Evans, G, Evison, G, Ewart, G, Fagan, D, Faitsch, M, Falie, D, Fanni, A, Fasoli, A, Faustin, J, Fawlk, N, Fazendeiro, L, Fedorczak, N, Felton, R, Fenton, K, Fernades, A, Fernandes, H, Ferreira, J, Fessey, J, Fã©vrier, O, Ficker, O, Field, A, Fietz, S, Figueiredo, A, Figueiredo, J, Fil, A, Finburg, P, Firdaouss, M, Fischer, U, Fittill, L, Fitzgerald, M, Flammini, D, Flanagan, J, Fleming, C, Flinders, K, Fonnesu, N, Fontdecaba, J, Formisano, A, Forsythe, L, Fortuna, L, Fortuna Zalesna, E, Fortune, M, Foster, S, Franke, T, Franklin, T, Frasca, M, Frassinetti, L, Freisinger, M, Fresa, R, Frigione, D, Fuchs, V, Fuller, D, Futatani, S, Fyvie, J, Gã¡l, K, Galassi, D, Gaå‚azka, K, Galdon Quiroga, J, Gallagher, J, Gallart, D, Galvã¡o, R, Gao, X, Gao, Y, Garcia, J, Garcia Carrasco, A, García Muñoz, M, Gardarein, J, Garzotti, L, Gaudio, P, Gauthier, E, Gear, D, Gee, S, Geiger, B, Gelfusa, M, Gerasimov, S, Gervasini, G, Gethins, M, Ghani, Z, Ghate, M, Gherendi, M, Giacalone, J, Giacomelli, L, Gibson, C, Giegerich, T, Gil, C, Gil, L, Gilligan, S, Gin, D, Giovannozzi, E, Girardo, J, Giroud, C, Giruzzi, G, Glã¶ggler, S, Godwin, J, Goff, J, Gohil, P, Goloborod'Ko, V, Gomes, R, Goncalves, B, Goniche, M, Goodliffe, M, Goodyear, A, Gorini, G, Gosk, M, Goulding, R, Goussarov, A, Gowland, R, Graham, B, Graham, M, Graves, J, Grazier, N, Grazier, P, Green, N, Greuner, H, Grierson, B, Griph, F, Grisolia, C, Grist, D, Groth, M, Grove, R, Grundy, C, Grzonka, J, Guard, D, Guã©rard, C, Guillemaut, C, Guirlet, R, Gurl, C, Utoh, H, Hackett, L, Hacquin, S, Hagar, A, Hager, R, Hakola, A, Halitovs, M, Hall, S, Hallworth Cook, S, Hamlyn Harris, C, Hammond, K, Harrington, C, Harrison, J, Harting, D, Hasenbeck, F, Hatano, Y, Hatch, D, Haupt, T, Hawes, J, Hawkes, N, Hawkins, J, Hawkins, P, Haydon, P, Hayter, N, Hazel, S, Heesterman, P, Heinola, K, Hellesen, C, Hellsten, T, Helou, W, Hemming, O, Hender, T, Henderson, M, Henderson, S, Henriques, R, Hepple, D, Hermon, G, Hertout, P, Hidalgo, C, Highcock, E, Hill, M, Hillairet, J, Hillesheim, J, Hillis, D, Hizanidis, K, Hjalmarsson, A, Hobirk, J, Hodille, E, Hogben, C, Hogeweij, G, Hollingsworth, A, Hollis, S, Homfray, D, Horã¡ä ek, J, Hornung, G, Horton, A, Horton, L, Horvath, L, Hotchin, S, Hough, M, Howarth, P, Hubbard, A, Huber, A, Huber, V, Huddleston, T, Hughes, M, Huijsmans, G, Hunter, C, Huynh, P, Hynes, A, Iglesias, D, Imazawa, N, Imbeaux, F, Imrã­å¡ek, M, Incelli, M, Innocente, P, Irishkin, M, Ivanova Stanik, I, Jachmich, S, Jacobsen, A, Jacquet, P, Jansons, J, Jardin, A, Jã¤rvinen, A, Jaulmes, F, Jednorã³g, S, Jenkins, I, Jeong, C, Jepu, I, Joffrin, E, Johnson, R, Johnson, T, Johnston, J, Joita, L, Jones, G, Jones, T, Hoshino, K, Kallenbach, A, Kamiya, K, Kaniewski, J, Kantor, A, Kappatou, A, Karhunen, J, Karkinsky, D, Karnowska, I, Kaufman, M, Kaveney, G, Kazakov, Y, Kazantzidis, V, Keeling, D, Keenan, T, Keep, J, Kempenaars, M, Kennedy, C, Kenny, D, Kent, J, Kent, O, Khilkevich, E, Kim, H, Kinch, A, King, C, King, D, King, R, Kinna, D, Kiptily, V, Kirk, A, Kirov, K, Kirschner, A, Kizane, G, Klepper, C, Klix, A, Knight, P, Knipe, S, Knott, S, Kobuchi, T, Kã¶chl, F, Kocsis, G, Kodeli, I, Kogan, L, Kogut, D, Koivuranta, S, Kominis, Y, Kã¶ppen, M, Kos, B, Koskela, T, Koslowski, H, Koubiti, M, Kovari, M, Kowalska StrzÈ©ciwilk, E, Krasilnikov, A, Krasilnikov, V, Krawczyk, N, Kresina, M, Krieger, K, Krivska, A, Kruezi, U, Ksiaå¼ek, I, Kukushkin, A, Kundu, A, Kurki Suonio, T, Kwak, S, Kwiatkowski, R, Kwon, O, Laguardia, L, Lahtinen, A, Laing, A, Lam, N, Lambertz, H, Lane, C, Lang, P, Lanthaler, S, Lapins, J, Lasa, A, Last, J, Å aszyå„ska, E, Lawless, R, Lawson, A, Lawson, K, Lazaros, A, Lazzaro, E, Leddy, J, Lee, S, Lefebvre, X, Leggate, H, Lehmann, J, Lehnen, M, Leichtle, D, Leichuer, P, Leipold, F, Lengar, I, Lennholm, M, Lerche, E, Lescinskis, A, Lesnoj, S, Letellier, E, Leyland, M, Leysen, W, Li, L, Liang, Y, Likonen, J, Linke, J, Linsmeier, C, Lipschultz, B, Liu, G, Liu, Y, Lo Schiavo, V, Loarer, T, Loarte, A, Lobel, R, Lomanowski, B, Lomas, P, Lã¶nnroth, J, Lã³pez, J, López Razola, J, Lorenzini, R, Losada, U, Lovell, J, Loving, A, Lowry, C, Luce, T, Lucock, R, Lukin, A, Luna, C, Lungaroni, M, Lungu, C, Lungu, M, Lunniss, A, Lupelli, I, Lyssoivan, A, Macdonald, N, Macheta, P, Maczewa, K, Magesh, B, Maget, P, Maggi, C, Maier, H, Mailloux, J, Makkonen, T, Makwana, R, Malaquias, A, Malizia, A, Manas, P, Manning, A, Manso, M, Mantica, P, Mantsinen, M, Manzanares, A, Maquet, P, Marandet, Y, Marcenko, N, Marchetto, C, Marchuk, O, Marinelli, M, Marinucci, M, Markoviä , T, Marocco, D, Marot, L, Marren, C, Marshal, R, Martin, A, Martin, Y, Martín De Aguilera, A, Martã­nez, F, Martín Solís, J, Martynova, Y, Maruyama, S, Masiello, A, Maslov, M, Matejcik, S, Mattei, M, Matthews, G, Maviglia, F, Mayer, M, Mayoral, M, May Smith, T, Mazon, D, Mazzotta, C, Mcadams, R, Mccarthy, P, Mcclements, K, Mccormack, O, Mccullen, P, Mcdonald, D, Mcintosh, S, Mckean, R, Mckehon, J, Meadows, R, Meakins, A, Medina, F, Medland, M, Medley, S, Meigh, S, Meigs, A, Meisl, G, Meitner, S, Meneses, L, Menmuir, S, Mergia, K, Merrigan, I, Mertens, P, Meshchaninov, S, Messiaen, A, Meyer, H, Mianowski, S, Michling, R, Middleton Gear, D, Miettunen, J, Militello, F, Militello Asp, E, Miloshevsky, G, Mink, F, Minucci, S, Miyoshi, Y, Mlynã¡å™, J, Molina, D, Monakhov, I, Moneti, M, Mooney, R, Moradi, S, Mordijck, S, Moreira, L, Moreno, R, Moro, F, Morris, A, Morris, J, Moser, L, Mosher, S, Moulton, D, Murari, A, Muraro, A, Murphy, S, Asakura, N, Na, Y, Nabais, F, Naish, R, Nakano, T, Nardon, E, Naulin, V, Nave, M, Nedzelski, I, Nemtsev, G, Nespoli, F, Neto, A, Neu, R, Neverov, V, Newman, M, Nicholls, K, Nicolas, T, Nielsen, A, Nielsen, P, Nilsson, E, Nishijima, D, Noble, C, Nocente, M, Nodwell, D, Nordlund, K, Nordman, H, Nouailletas, R, Nunes, I, Oberkofler, M, Odupitan, T, Ogawa, M, O'Gorman, T, Okabayashi, M, Olney, R, Omolayo, O, O'Mullane, M, Ongena, J, Orsitto, F, Orszagh, J, Oswuigwe, B, Otin, R, Owen, A, Paccagnella, R, Pace, N, Pacella, D, Packer, L, Page, A, Pajuste, E, Palazzo, S, Pamela, S, Panja, S, Papp, P, Paprok, R, Parail, V, Park, M, Parra Diaz, F, Parsons, M, Pasqualotto, R, Patel, A, Pathak, S, Paton, D, Patten, H, Pau, A, Pawelec, E, Paz Soldan, C, Peackoc, A, Pearson, I, Pehkonen, S, Peluso, E, Penot, C, Pereira, A, Pereira, R, Pereira Puglia, P, Perez Von Thun, C, Peruzzo, S, Peschanyi, S, Peterka, M, Petersson, P, Petravich, G, Petre, A, Petrella, N, Petrå¾ilka, V, Peysson, Y, Pfefferlã©, D, Philipps, V, Pillon, M, Pintsuk, G, Piovesan, P, Pires Dos Reis, A, Piron, L, Pironti, A, Pisano, F, Pitts, R, Pizzo, F, Plyusnin, V, Pomaro, N, Pompilian, O, Pool, P, Popovichev, S, Porfiri, M, Porosnicu, C, Porton, M, Possnert, G, Potzel, S, Powell, T, Pozzi, J, Prajapati, V, Prakash, R, Prestopino, G, Price, D, Price, M, Price, R, Prior, P, Proudfoot, R, Pucella, G, Puglia, P, Puiatti, M, Pulley, D, Purahoo, K, Pã¼tterich, T, Rachlew, E, Rack, M, Ragona, R, Rainford, M, Rakha, A, Ramogida, G, Ranjan, S, Rapson, C, 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K., Santos, B., Santucci, A., Sartori, F., Sartori, R., Sauter, O., Scannell, R., Schlummer, T., Schmid, K., Schmidt, V., Schmuck, S., Schneider, M., Schöpf, K., Schwörer, D., Scott, S. D., Sergienko, G., Sertoli, M., Shabbir, A., Sharapov, S. E., Shaw, A., Shaw, R., Sheikh, H., Shepherd, A., Shevelev, A., Shumack, A., Sias, G., Sibbald, M., Sieglin, B., Silburn, S., Silva, A., Silva, C., Simmons, P. A., Simpson, J., Simpson-Hutchinson, J., Sinha, A., Sipilä, S. K., Sips, A. C. C., Sirén, P., Sirinelli, A., Sjöstrand, H., Skiba, M., Skilton, R., Slabkowska, K., Slade, B., Smith, N., Smith, P. G., Smith, R., Smith, T. J., Smithies, M., Snoj, L., Soare, S., Solano, E. R., Somers, A., Sommariva, C., Sonato, P., Sopplesa, A., Sousa, J., Sozzi, C., Spagnolo, S., Spelzini, T., Spineanu, F., Stables, G., Stamatelatos, I., Stamp, M. F., Staniec, P., Stankūnas, G., Stan-Sion, C., Stead, M. J., Stefanikova, E., Stepanov, I., Stephen, A. V., Stephen, M., Stevens, A., Stevens, B. D., Strachan, J., Strand, P., Strauss, H. R., Ström, P., Stubbs, G., Studholme, W., Subba, F., Summers, H. P., Svensson, J., Świderski, Ł., Szabolics, T., Szawlowski, M., Szepesi, G., Suzuki, T. T., Tál, B., Tala, T., Talbot, A. R., Talebzadeh, S., Taliercio, C., Tamain, P., Tame, C., Tang, W., Tardocchi, M., Taroni, L., Taylor, D., Taylor, K. A., Tegnered, D., Telesca, G., Teplova, N., Terranova, D., Testa, D., Tholerus, E., Thomas, J., Thomas, J. D., Thomas, P., Thompson, A., Thompson, C. -A., Thompson, V. K., Thorne, L., Thornton, A., Thrysøe, A. S., Tigwell, P. A., Tipton, N., Tiseanu, I., Tojo, H., Tokitani, M., Tolias, P., Tomeš, M., Tonner, P., Towndrow, M., Trimble, P., Tripsky, M., Tsalas, M., Tsavalas, P., Tskhakaya jun, D., Turner, I., Turner, M. M., Turnyanskiy, M., Tvalashvili, G., Tyrrell, S. G. J., Uccello, A., Ul-Abidin, Z., Uljanovs, J., Ulyatt, D., Urano, H., Uytdenhouwen, I., Vadgama, A. P., Valcarcel, D., Valentinuzzi, M., Valisa, M., Vallejos Olivares, P., Valovic, M., Van De Mortel, M., Van Eester, D., Van Renterghem, W., van Rooij, G. J., Varje, J., Varoutis, S., Vartanian, S., Vasava, K., Vasilopoulou, T., Vega, J., Verdoolaege, G., Verhoeven, R., Verona, C., Verona Rinati, G., Veshchev, E., Vianello, N., Vicente, J., Viezzer, E., Villari, S., Villone, F., Vincenzi, P., Vinyar, I., Viola, B., Vitins, A., Vizvary, Z., Vlad, M., Voitsekhovitch, I., Vondráček, P., Vora, N., Vu, T., Pires de Sa, W. W., Wakeling, B., Waldon, C. W. F., Walkden, N., Walker, M., Walker, R., Walsh, M., Wang, E., Wang, N., Warder, S., Warren, R. J., Waterhouse, J., Watkins, N. W., Watts, C., Wauters, T., Weckmann, A., Weiland, J., Weisen, H., Weiszflog, M., Wellstood, C., West, A. T., Wheatley, M. R., Whetham, S., Whitehead, A. M., Whitehead, B. D., Widdowson, A. M., Wiesen, S., Wilkinson, J., Williams, J., Williams, M., Wilson, A. R., Wilson, D. J., Wilson, H. R., Wilson, J., Wischmeier, M., Withenshaw, G., Withycombe, A., Witts, D. M., Wood, D., Wood, R., Woodley, C., Wray, S., Wright, J., Wright, J. C., Wu, J., Wukitch, S., Wynn, A., Xu, T., Yadikin, D., Yanling, W., Yao, L., Yavorskij, V., Yoo, M. G., Young, C., Young, D., Young, I. D., Young, R., Zacks, J., Zagorski, R., Zaitsev, F. S., Zanino, R., Zarins, A., Zastrow, K. D., Zerbini, M., Zhang, W., Zhou, Y., Zilli, E., Zoita, V., Zoletnik, S., Zychor, I., Andersson Sundén, E., Baiã¡o, D., Belonohy, Ã. ., Bergsã¥ker, H., Bã­lkovã¡, P., Bjã¶rkas, C., Bodnã¡r, G., Broså awski, A., Calabrã², G., Crombã©, K., De Castro, A., De La Cal, E., De La Luna, E., De Pablos, J. L., De Vries, P., Den Harder, N., D'Inca, R., Donnã©, T., Duckworth, P. h., Ä uran, I., Durodiã©, F., Eich, T. h., Fã©vrier, O., Gã¡l, K., Gaå azka, K., Galvã¡o, R., García-Muñoz, M., Gardarein, J. -. L., Glã¶ggler, S., Goloborod'Ko, V., Goncalves, B., Guã©rard, C., Horã¡ä ek, J., Imrã­å¡ek, M., Jã¤rvinen, A., Jednorã³g, S., Kã¶chl, F., Kã¶ppen, M., Kowalska-StrzÈ©ciwilk, E., Ksiaå¼ek, I., Å aszyå ska, E., Linsmeier, C. h., Lã¶nnroth, J., Lã³pez, J. M., López-Razola, J., Maquet, P. h., Markoviä , T., Martín De Aguilera, A., Martã­nez, F. J., Martín-Solís, J. R., Mertens, P. h., Mlynã¡å , J., O'Gorman, T., O'Mullane, M., Pehkonen, S. -. P., Perez Von Thun, C., Petrå¾ilka, V., Pfefferlã©, D., Pires Dos Reis, A., Pã¼tterich, T. h., Rattã¡, G., Rã©fy, D., Regaã±a, J., Schã¶pf, K., Schwã¶rer, D., Sipilã¤, S. K., Sirã©n, P., Sjã¶strand, H., Stankå«nas, G., Strã¶m, P., Å widerski, Å. ., Tã¡l, B., Thompson, C. -. A., Thrysã¸e, A. S., Tomeå¡, M., Tskhakaya Jun, D., Van Rooij, G. J., Vondrã¡ä ek, P., Pires De Sa, W. W., Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC), Hôpital de Rangueil, CHU Toulouse [Toulouse]-CHU Toulouse [Toulouse], Laboratoire de microbiologie et génétique moléculaires (LMGM), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Lorraine (UL)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Dipartimento di Energia [Milano] (DENG), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École Centrale de Marseille (ECM)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU), Research Centre Julich (FZJ), Institute for Plasma Research, Instituto Superior Tecnico Lisboa, Queen's University Belfast, University of Helsinki, CEA, Department of Applied Physics, School services, SCI, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, VTT, University of Naples Federico II, Universidad Nacional de Educacion a Distancia, CNR, Russian Research Centre Kurchatov Institute, Universita degli Studi di Napoli Parthenope, Ente Per Le Nuove Tecnologie L'energia e l'ambiente, Troitsk Institute for Innovation and Fusion Research, Uppsala University, National Institute for Cryogenics and Isotopic Technology, Max-Planck-Institut fur Plasmaphysik, University of Catania, Fusion for Energy Joint Undertaking, National Institutes of Natural Sciences - National Institute for Fusion Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, University of Latvia, Imperial College London, CIEMAT, University of Oxford, EUROfusion Programme Management Unit, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology KIT, University of York, Royal Institute of Technology, Maritime University of Szczecin, H. Niewodniczanski Institute of Nuclear Physics of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Czech Academy of Sciences, University of Trento, Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne (EPFL), Wigner Research Centre for Physics, Comenius University, University of Milan - Bicocca, National Institute for Optoelectronics, Fourth State Research, University of Texas at Austin, Belgian Nuclear Research Center, National Centre for Nuclear Research (NCBJ), Princeton University, CNRS, University of Cagliari, University of Warwick, Soltan Institute for Nuclear Studies, FOM Institute DIFFER, National Institute for Laser, Plasma and Radiation Physics, Ghent University, J. Stefan Institute, Universite de Lorraine, CAS - Institute of Plasma Physics, University of California at San Diego, Koninklijke Militaire School - Ecole Royale Militaire, Horia Hulubei National Institute of Physics and Nuclear Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, School services, ELEC, Department of Signal Processing and Acoustics, Automaatio- ja systeemitekniik, Universidad Politecnica de Madrid, Second University of Naples, Warsaw University of Technology, Universita della Basilicata, Barcelona Supercomp. Center, Universidad de Sevilla, Centro Brasileiro de Pesquisas Fisicas, Department of Electrical Engineering and Automation, Sähkötekniikan laitos, University of Rome Tor Vergata, RAS - Ioffe Physico Technical Institute, General Atomics, University of Innsbruck, Fusion and Plasma Physics, University of Toyama, University of Strathclyde, National Technical University of Athens, Universita della Tuscia, Technical University of Denmark, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul National University, University College Cork, Vienna University of Technology, University of Opole, Daegu University, National Fusion Research Institute, Dublin City University, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, PELIN LLC, Arizona State University, Universidad Complutense, University of Basel, Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, Consorzio CREATE, Demokritos National Centre for Scientific Research, Purdue University, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, School Services, ARTS, Department of Design, University of California Office of the President, Universidade de Sao Paulo, School Services, BIZ, Department of Information and Service Management, Lithuanian Energy Institute, HRS Fusion, Politecnico di Torino, University of Cassino, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Department of Electronics and Nanoengineering, Aalto-yliopisto, Aalto University, and Faculdade de Engenharia

Subjects
Technology, fusion, Física [Ciências exactas e naturais], Tokamak, Nuclear engineering, DIAGNOSTICS, 01 natural sciences, ILW, 010305 fluids & plasmas, law.invention, Ilw, [SPI.MECA.MEFL]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Mechanics [physics.med-ph]/Fluids mechanics [physics.class-ph], Plasma, H-Mode Plasmas, law, ITER, Disruption Prediction, COLLISIONALITY, EDGE LOCALIZED MODES, Diagnostics, Operation, JET, plasma, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Condensed Matter Physics, Physics, Jet (fluid), JET, plasma, fusion, ITER, Divertor, Settore FIS/01 - Fisica Sperimentale, Fusion, Plasma and Space Physics, DENSITY PEAKING, Carbon Wall, H-MODE PLASMAS, [ SPI.MECA.MEFL ] Engineering Sciences [physics]/Mechanics [physics.med-ph]/Fluids mechanics [physics.class-ph], Density Peaking, Neutron transport, Facing Components, Collisionality, 114 Physical sciences, Física, Física, Nuclear physics, Physical sciences [Natural sciences], Fusion, plasma och rymdfysik, Pedestal, 0103 physical sciences, Nuclear fusion, ddc:530, Neutron, 010306 general physics, Fusion, Physics, Physical sciences, Nuclear and High Energy Physic, Edge Localized Modes, QC717, Física [Àrees temàtiques de la UPC], Reactors de fusió, Física, FACING COMPONENTS, Fusion reactors, Jet, CARBON WALL, DISRUPTION PREDICTION, OPERATION, ddc:600
Abstract

The 2014–2016 JET results are reviewed in the light of their significance for optimising the ITER research plan for the active and non-active operation. More than 60 h of plasma operation with ITER first wall materials successfully took place since its installation in 2011. New multi-machine scaling of the type I-ELM divertor energy flux density to ITER is supported by first principle modelling. ITER relevant disruption experiments and first principle modelling are reported with a set of three disruption mitigation valves mimicking the ITER setup. Insights of the L–H power threshold in Deuterium and Hydrogen are given, stressing the importance of the magnetic configurations and the recent measurements of fine-scale structures in the edge radial electric. Dimensionless scans of the core and pedestal confinement provide new information to elucidate the importance of the first wall material on the fusion performance. H-mode plasmas at ITER triangularity (H = 1 at ßN ~ 1.8 and n/nGW ~ 0.6) have been sustained at 2 MA during 5 s. The ITER neutronics codes have been validated on high performance experiments. Prospects for the coming D–T campaign and 14 MeV neutron calibration strategy are reviewed. This work has been carried out within the framework of the EUROfusion Consortium and has received funding from the Euratom research and training programme 2014–2018 under grant agreement No 633053. Peer Reviewed Article signat per 1.173 autors/es: X. Litaudon35, S. Abduallev39, M. Abhangi46, P. Abreu53, M. Afzal7, K.M. Aggarwal29, T. Ahlgren101, J.H. Ahn8, L. Aho-Mantila112, N. Aiba69, M. Airila112, R. Albanese105, V. Aldred7, D. Alegre93, E. Alessi45, P. Aleynikov55, A. Alfier12, A. Alkseev72, M. Allinson7, B. Alper7, E. Alves53, G. Ambrosino105, R. Ambrosino106, L. Amicucci90, V. Amosov88, E. Andersson Sundén22, M. Angelone90, M. Anghel85, C. Angioni62, L. Appel7, C. Appelbee7, P. Arena30, M. Ariola106, H. Arnichand8, S. Arshad41, A. Ash7, N. Ashikawa68, V. Aslanyan64, O. Asunta1, F. Auriemma12, Y. Austin7, L. Avotina103, M.D. Axton7, C. Ayres7, M. Bacharis24, A. Baciero57, D. Baião53, S. Bailey7, A. Baker7, I. Balboa7, M. Balden62, N. Balshaw7, R. Bament7, J.W. Banks7, Y.F. Baranov7, M.A. Barnard7, D. Barnes7, M. Barnes27, R. Barnsley55, A. Baron Wiechec7, L. Barrera Orte34, M. Baruzzo12, V. Basiuk8, M. Bassan55, R. Bastow7, A. Batista53, P. Batistoni90, R. Baughan7, B. Bauvir55, L. Baylor73, B. Bazylev56, J. Beal110, P.S. Beaumont7, M. Beckers39, B. Beckett7, A. Becoulet8, N. Bekris35, M. Beldishevski7, K. Bell7, F. Belli90, M. Bellinger7, É. Belonohy62, N. Ben Ayed7, N.A. Benterman7, H. Bergsåker42, J. Bernardo53, M. Bernert62, M. Berry7, L. Bertalot55, C. Besliu7, M. Beurskens63, B. Bieg61, J. Bielecki47, T. Biewer73, M. Bigi12, P. Bílková50, F. Binda22, A. Bisoffi31, J.P.S. Bizarro53, C. Björkas101, J. Blackburn7, K. Blackman7, T.R. Blackman7, P. Blanchard33, P. Blatchford7, V. Bobkov62, A. Boboc7, G. Bodnár113, O. Bogar18, I. Bolshakova60, T. Bolzonella12, N. Bonanomi97, F. Bonelli56, J. Boom62, J. Booth7, D. Borba35,53, D. Borodin39, I. Borodkina39, A. Botrugno90, C. Bottereau8, P. Boulting7, C. Bourdelle8, M. Bowden7, C. Bower7, C. Bowman110, T. Boyce7, C. Boyd7, H.J. Boyer7, J.M.A. Bradshaw7, V. Braic87, R. Bravanec40, B. Breizman107, S. Bremond8, P.D. Brennan7, S. Breton8, A. Brett7, S. Brezinsek39, M.D.J. Bright7, M. Brix7, W. Broeckx78, M. Brombin12, A. Brosławski65, D.P.D. Brown7, M. Brown7, E. Bruno55, J. Bucalossi8, J. Buch46, J. Buchanan7, M.A. Buckley7, R. Budny76, H. Bufferand8, M. Bulman7, N. Bulmer7, P. Bunting7, P. Buratti90, A. Burckhart62, A. Buscarino30, A. Busse7, N.K. Butler7, I. Bykov42, J. Byrne7, P. Cahyna50, G. Calabrò90, I. Calvo57, Y. Camenen4, P. Camp7, D.C. Campling7, J. Cane7, B. Cannas17, A.J. Capel7, P.J. Card7, A. Cardinali90, P. Carman7, M. Carr7, D. Carralero62, L. Carraro12, B.B. Carvalho53, I. Carvalho53, P. Carvalho53, F.J. Casson7, C. Castaldo90, N. Catarino53, J. Caumont7, F. Causa90, R. Cavazzana12, K. Cave-Ayland7, M. Cavinato12, M. Cecconello22, S. Ceccuzzi90, E. Cecil76, A. Cenedese12, R. Cesario90, C.D. Challis7, M. Chandler7, D. Chandra46, C.S. Chang76, A. Chankin62, I.T. Chapman7, S.C. Chapman28, M. Chernyshova49, G. Chitarin12, G. Ciraolo8, D. Ciric7, J. Citrin38, F. Clairet8, E. Clark7, M. Clark7, R. Clarkson7, D. Clatworthy7, C. Clements7, M. Cleverly7, J.P. Coad7, P.A. Coates7, A. Cobalt7, V. Coccorese105, V. Cocilovo90, S. Coda33, R. Coelho53, J.W. Coenen39, I. Coffey29, L. Colas8, S. Collins7, D. Conka103, S. Conroy22, N. Conway7, D. Coombs7, D. Cooper7, S.R. Cooper7, C. Corradino30, Y. Corre8, G. Corrigan7, S. Cortes53, D. Coster62, A.S. Couchman7, M.P. Cox7, T. Craciunescu86, S. Cramp7, R. Craven7, F. Crisanti90, G. Croci97, D. Croft7, K. Crombé15, R. Crowe7, N. Cruz53, G. Cseh113, A. Cufar81, A. Cullen7, M. Curuia85, A. Czarnecka49, H. Dabirikhah7, P. Dalgliesh7, S. Dalley7, J. Dankowski47, D. Darrow76, O. Davies7, W. Davis55,76, C. Day56, I.E. Day7, M. De Bock55, A. de Castro57, E. de la Cal57, E. de la Luna57, G. De Masi12, J. L. de Pablos57, G. De Temmerman55, G. De Tommasi105, P. de Vries55, K. Deakin7, J. Deane7, F. Degli Agostini12, R. Dejarnac50, E. Delabie73, N. den Harder38, R.O. Dendy7, J. Denis8, P. Denner39, S. Devaux62,104, P. Devynck8, F. Di Maio55, A. Di Siena62, C. Di Troia90, P. Dinca86, R. D’Inca62, B. Ding51, T. Dittmar39, H. Doerk62, R.P. Doerner9, T. Donné34, S.E. Dorling7, S. Dormido-Canto93, S. Doswon7, D. Douai8, P.T. Doyle7, A. Drenik62,81, P. Drewelow63, P. Drews39, Ph. Duckworth55, R. Dumont8, P. Dumortier58, D. Dunai113, M. Dunne62, I. Ďuran50, F. Durodié58, P. Dutta46, B. P. Duval33, R. Dux62, K. Dylst78, N. Dzysiuk22, P.V. Edappala46, J. Edmond7, A.M. Edwards7, J. Edwards7, Th. Eich62, A. Ekedahl8, R. El-Jorf7, C.G. Elsmore7, M. Enachescu84, G. Ericsson22, F. Eriksson16, J. Eriksson22, L.G. Eriksson36, B. Esposito90, S. Esquembri94, H.G. Esser39, D. Esteve8, B. Evans7, G.E. Evans7, G. Evison7, G.D. Ewart7, D. Fagan7, M. Faitsch62, D. Falie86, A. Fanni17, A. Fasoli33, J. M. Faustin33, N. Fawlk7, L. Fazendeiro53, N. Fedorczak8, R.C. Felton7, K. Fenton7, A. Fernades53, H. Fernandes53, J. Ferreira53, J.A. Fessey7, O. Février8, O. Ficker50, A. Field7, S. Fietz62, A. Figueiredo53, J. Figueiredo53,35, A. Fil8, P. Finburg7, M. Firdaouss8, U. Fischer56, L. Fittill7, M. Fitzgerald7, D. Flammini90, J. Flanagan7, C. Fleming7, K. Flinders7, N. Fonnesu90, J. M. Fontdecaba57, A. Formisano79, L. Forsythe7, L. Fortuna30, E. Fortuna-Zalesna19, M. Fortune7, S. Foster7, T. Franke34, T. Franklin7, M. Frasca30, L. Frassinetti42, M. Freisinger39, R. Fresa98, D. Frigione90, V. Fuchs50, D. Fuller35, S. Futatani6, J. Fyvie7, K. Gál34,62, D. Galassi2, K. Gałązka49, J. Galdon-Quiroga92, J. Gallagher7, D. Gallart6, R. Galvão10, X. Gao51, Y. Gao39, J. Garcia8, A. Garcia-Carrasco42, M. García-Muñoz92, J.-L. Gardarein3, L. Garzotti7, P. Gaudio95, E. Gauthier8, D.F. Gear7, S.J. Gee7, B. Geiger62, M. Gelfusa95, S. Gerasimov7, G. Gervasini45, M. Gethins7, Z. Ghani7, M. Ghate46, M. Gherendi86, J.C. Giacalone8, L. Giacomelli45, C.S. Gibson7, T. Giegerich56, C. Gil8, L. Gil53, S. Gilligan7, D. Gin54, E. Giovannozzi90, J.B. Girardo8, C. Giroud7, G. Giruzzi8, S. Glöggler62, J. Godwin7, J. Goff7, P. Gohil43, V. Goloborod’ko102, R. Gomes53, B. Gonçalves53, M. Goniche8, M. Goodliffe7, A. Goodyear7, G. Gorini97, M. Gosk65, R. Goulding76, A. Goussarov78, R. Gowland7, B. Graham7, M.E. Graham7, J. P. Graves33, N. Grazier7, P. Grazier7, N.R. Green7, H. Greuner62, B. Grierson76, F.S. Griph7, C. Grisolia8, D. Grist7, M. Groth1, R. Grove73, C.N. Grundy7, J. Grzonka19, D. Guard7, C. Guérard34, C. Guillemaut8,53, R. Guirlet8, C. Gurl7, H.H. Utoh69, L.J. Hackett7, S. Hacquin8,35, A. Hagar7, R. Hager76, A. Hakola112, M. Halitovs103, S.J. Hall7, S.P. Hallworth Cook7, C. Hamlyn-Harris7, K. Hammond7, C. Harrington7, J. Harrison7, D. Harting7, F. Hasenbeck39, Y. Hatano108, D.R. Hatch107, T.D.V. Haupt7, J. Hawes7, N.C. Hawkes7, J. Hawkins7, P. Hawkins7, P.W. Haydon7, N. Hayter7, S. Hazel7, P.J.L. Heesterman7, K. Heinola101, C. Hellesen22, T. Hellsten42, W. Helou8, O.N. Hemming7, T.C. Hender7, M. Henderson55, S.S. Henderson21, R. Henriques53, D. Hepple7, G. Hermon7, P. Hertout8, C. Hidalgo57, E.G. Highcock27, M. Hill7, J. Hillairet8, J. Hillesheim7, D. Hillis73, K. Hizanidis70, A. Hjalmarsson22, J. Hobirk62, E. Hodille8, C.H.A. Hogben7, G.M.D. Hogeweij38, A. Hollingsworth7, S. Hollis7, D.A. Homfray7, J. Horáček50, G. Hornung15, A.R. Horton7, L.D. Horton36, L. Horvath110, S.P. Hotchin7, M.R. Hough7, P.J. Howarth7, A. Hubbard64, A. Huber39, V. Huber39, T.M. Huddleston7, M. Hughes7, G.T.A. Huijsmans55, C.L. Hunter7, P. Huynh8, A.M. Hynes7, D. Iglesias7, N. Imazawa69, F. Imbeaux8, M. Imríšek50, M. Incelli109, P. Innocente12, M. Irishkin8, I. Ivanova-Stanik49, S. Jachmich58,35, A.S. Jacobsen83, P. Jacquet7, J. Jansons103, A. Jardin8, A. Järvinen1, F. Jaulmes38, S. Jednoróg49, I. Jenkins7, C. Jeong20, I. Jepu86, E. Joffrin8, R. Johnson7, T. Johnson42, Jane Johnston7, L. Joita7, G. Jones7, T.T.C. Jones7, K.K. Hoshino69, A. Kallenbach62, K. Kamiya69, J. Kaniewski7, A. Kantor7, A. Kappatou62, J. Karhunen1, D. Karkinsky7, I. Karnowska7, M. Kaufman73, G. Kaveney7, Y. Kazakov58, V. Kazantzidis70, D.L. Keeling7, T. Keenan7, J. Keep7, M. Kempenaars7, C. Kennedy7, D. Kenny7, J. Kent7, O.N. Kent7, E. Khilkevich54, H.T. Kim35, H.S. Kim80, A. Kinch7, C. king7, D. King7, R.F. King7, D.J. Kinna7, V. Kiptily7, A. Kirk7, K. Kirov7, A. Kirschner39, G. Kizane103, C. Klepper73, A. Klix56, P. Knight7, S.J. Knipe7, S. Knott96, T. Kobuchi69, F. Köchl111, G. Kocsis113, I. Kodeli81, L. Kogan7, D. Kogut8, S. Koivuranta112, Y. Kominis70, M. Köppen39, B. Kos81, T. Koskela1, H.R. Koslowski39, M. Koubiti4, M. Kovari7, E. Kowalska-Strzęciwilk49, A. Krasilnikov88, V. Krasilnikov88, N. Krawczyk49, M. Kresina8, K. Krieger62, A. Krivska58, U. Kruezi7, I. Książek48, A. Kukushkin72, A. Kundu46, T. Kurki-Suonio1, S. Kwak20, R. Kwiatkowski65, O.J. Kwon13, L. Laguardia45, A. Lahtinen101, A. Laing7, N. Lam7, H.T. Lambertz39, C. Lane7, P.T. Lang62, S. Lanthaler33, J. Lapins103, A. Lasa101, J.R. Last7, E. Łaszyńska49, R. Lawless7, A. Lawson7, K.D. Lawson7, A. Lazaros70, E. Lazzaro45, J. Leddy110, S. Lee66, X. Lefebvre7, H.J. Leggate32, J. Lehmann7, M. Lehnen55, D. Leichtle41, P. Leichuer7, F. Leipold55,83, I. Lengar81, M. Lennholm36, E. Lerche58, A. Lescinskis103, S. Lesnoj7, E. Letellier7, M. Leyland110, W. Leysen78, L. Li39, Y. Liang39, J. Likonen112, J. Linke39, Ch. Linsmeier39, B. Lipschultz110, G. Liu55, Y. Liu51, V.P. Lo Schiavo105, T. Loarer8, A. Loarte55, R.C. Lobel7, B. Lomanowski1, P.J. Lomas7, J. Lönnroth1,35, J. M. López94, J. López-Razola57, R. Lorenzini12, U. Losada57, J.J. Lovell7, A.B. Loving7, C. Lowry36, T. Luce43, R.M.A. Lucock7, A. Lukin74, C. Luna5, M. Lungaroni95, C.P. Lungu86, M. Lungu86, A. Lunniss110, I. Lupelli7, A. Lyssoivan58, N. Macdonald7, P. Macheta7, K. Maczewa7, B. Magesh46, P. Maget8, C. Maggi7, H. Maier62, J. Mailloux7, T. Makkonen1, R. Makwana46, A. Malaquias53, A. Malizia95, P. Manas4, A. Manning7, M.E. Manso53, P. Mantica45, M. Mantsinen6, A. Manzanares91, Ph. Maquet55, Y. Marandet4, N. Marcenko88, C. Marchetto45, O. Marchuk39, M. Marinelli95, M. Marinucci90, T. Markovič50, D. Marocco90, L. Marot26, C.A. Marren7, R. Marshal7, A. Martin7, Y. Martin33, A. Martín de Aguilera57, F.J. Martínez93, J. R. Martín-Solís14, Y. Martynova39, S. Maruyama55, A. Masiello12, M. Maslov7, S. Matejcik18, M. Mattei79, G.F. Matthews7, F. Maviglia11, M. Mayer62, M.L. Mayoral34, T. May-Smith7, D. Mazon8, C. Mazzotta90, R. McAdams7, P.J. McCarthy96, K.G. McClements7, O. McCormack12, P.A. McCullen7, D. McDonald34, S. McIntosh7, R. McKean7, J. McKehon7, R.C. Meadows7, A. Meakins7, F. Medina57, M. Medland7, S. Medley7, S. Meigh7, A.G. Meigs7, G. Meisl62, S. Meitner73, L. Meneses53, S. Menmuir7,42, K. Mergia71, I.R. Merrigan7, Ph. Mertens39, S. Meshchaninov88, A. Messiaen58, H. Meyer7, S. Mianowski65, R. Michling55, D. Middleton-Gear7, J. Miettunen1, F. Militello7, E. Militello-Asp7, G. Miloshevsky77, F. Mink62, S. Minucci105, Y. Miyoshi69, J. Mlynář50, D. Molina8, I. Monakhov7, M. Moneti109, R. Mooney7, S. Moradi37, S. Mordijck43, L. Moreira7, R. Moreno57, F. Moro90, A.W. Morris7, J. Morris7, L. Moser26, S. Mosher73, D. Moulton7,1, A. Murari12,35, A. Muraro45, S. Murphy7, N.N. Asakura69, Y.S. Na80, F. Nabais53, R. Naish7, T. Nakano69, E. Nardon8, V. Naulin83, M.F.F. Nave53, I. Nedzelski53, G. Nemtsev88, F. Nespoli33, A. Neto41, R. Neu62, V.S. Neverov72, M. Newman7, K.J. Nicholls7, T. Nicolas33, A.H. Nielsen83, P. Nielsen12, E. Nilsson8, D. Nishijima99, C. Noble7, M. Nocente97, D. Nodwell7, K. Nordlund101, H. Nordman16, R. Nouailletas8, I. Nunes53, M. Oberkofler62, T. Odupitan7, M.T. Ogawa69, T. O’Gorman7, M. Okabayashi76, R. Olney7, O. Omolayo7, M. O’Mullane21, J. Ongena58, F. Orsitto11, J. Orszagh18, B.I. Oswuigwe7, R. Otin7, A. Owen7, R. Paccagnella12, N. Pace7, D. Pacella90, L.W. Packer7, A. Page7, E. Pajuste103, S. Palazzo30, S. Pamela7, S. Panja46, P. Papp18, R. Paprok50, V. Parail7, M. Park66, F. Parra Diaz27, M. Parsons73, R. Pasqualotto12, A. Patel7, S. Pathak46, D. Paton7, H. Patten33, A. Pau17, E. Pawelec48, C. Paz Soldan43, A. Peackoc36, I.J. Pearson7, S.-P. Pehkonen112, E. Peluso95, C. Penot55, A. Pereira57, R. Pereira53, P.P. Pereira Puglia7, C. Perez von Thun35,39, S. Peruzzo12, S. Peschanyi56, M. Peterka50, P. Petersson42, G. Petravich113, A. Petre84, N. Petrella7, V. Petržilka50, Y. Peysson8, D. Pfefferlé33, V. Philipps39, M. Pillon90, G. Pintsuk39, P. Piovesan12, A. Pires dos Reis52, L. Piron7, A. Pironti105, F. Pisano17, R. Pitts55, F. Pizzo79, V. Plyusnin53, N. Pomaro12, O.G. Pompilian86, P.J. Pool7, S. Popovichev7, M.T. Porfiri90, C. Porosnicu86, M. Porton7, G. Possnert22, S. Potzel62, T. Powell7, J. Pozzi7, V. Prajapati46, R. Prakash46, G. Prestopino95, D. Price7, M. Price7, R. Price7, P. Prior7, R. Proudfoot7, G. Pucella90, P. Puglia52, M.E. Puiatti12, D. Pulley7, K. Purahoo7, Th. Pütterich62, E. Rachlew25, M. Rack39, R. Ragona58, M.S.J. Rainford7, A. Rakha6, G. Ramogida90, S. Ranjan46, C.J. Rapson62, J.J. Rasmussen83, K. Rathod46, G. Rattá57, S. Ratynskaia82, G. Ravera90, C. Rayner7, M. Rebai97, D. Reece7, A. Reed7, D. Réfy113, B. Regan7, J. Regaña34, M. Reich62, N. Reid7, F. Reimold39, M. Reinhart34, M. Reinke110,73, D. Reiser39, D. Rendell7, C. Reux8, S.D.A. Reyes Cortes53, S. Reynolds7, V. Riccardo7, N. Richardson7, K. Riddle7, D. Rigamonti97, F.G. Rimini7, J. Risner73, M. Riva90, C. Roach7, R.J. Robins7, S.A. Robinson7, T. Robinson7, D.W. Robson7, R. Roccella55, R. Rodionov88, P. Rodrigues53, J. Rodriguez7, V. Rohde62, F. Romanelli90, M. Romanelli7, S. Romanelli7, J. Romazanov39, S. Rowe7, M. Rubel42, G. Rubinacci105, G. 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Sommariva8, P. Sonato12, A. Sopplesa12, J. Sousa53, C. Sozzi45, S. Spagnolo12, T. Spelzini7, F. Spineanu86, G. Stables7, I. Stamatelatos71, M.F. Stamp7, P. Staniec7, G. Stankūnas59, C. Stan-Sion84, M.J. Stead7, E. Stefanikova42, I. Stepanov58, A.V. Stephen7, M. Stephen46, A. Stevens7, B.D. Stevens7, J. Strachan76, P. Strand16, H.R. Strauss44, P. Ström42, G. Stubbs7, W. Studholme7, F. Subba75, H.P. Summers21, J. Svensson63, Ł. Świderski65, T. Szabolics113, M. Szawlowski49, G. Szepesi7, T.T. Suzuki69, B. Tál113, T. Tala112, A.R. Talbot7, S. Talebzadeh95, C. Taliercio12, P. Tamain8, C. Tame7, W. Tang76, M. Tardocchi45, L. Taroni12, D. Taylor7, K.A. Taylor7, D. Tegnered16, G. Telesca15, N. Teplova54, D. Terranova12, D. Testa33, E. Tholerus42, J. Thomas7, J.D. Thomas7, P. Thomas55, A. Thompson7, C.-A. Thompson7, V.K. Thompson7, L. Thorne7, A. Thornton7, A.S. Thrysøe83, P.A. Tigwell7, N. Tipton7, I. Tiseanu86, H. Tojo69, M. Tokitani67, P. Tolias82, M. Tomeš50, P. Tonner7, M. Towndrow7, P. Trimble7, M. Tripsky58, M. Tsalas38, P. Tsavalas71, D. Tskhakaya jun102, I. Turner7, M.M. Turner32, M. Turnyanskiy34, G. Tvalashvili7, S.G.J. Tyrrell7, A. Uccello45, Z. Ul-Abidin7, J. Uljanovs1, D. Ulyatt7, H. Urano69, I. Uytdenhouwen78, A.P. Vadgama7, D. Valcarcel7, M. Valentinuzzi8, M. Valisa12, P. Vallejos Olivares42, M. Valovic7, M. Van De Mortel7, D. Van Eester58, W. Van Renterghem78, G.J. van Rooij38, J. Varje1, S. Varoutis56, S. Vartanian8, K. Vasava46, T. Vasilopoulou71, J. Vega57, G. Verdoolaege58, R. Verhoeven7, C. Verona95, G. Verona Rinati95, E. Veshchev55, N. Vianello45, J. Vicente53, E. Viezzer62,92, S. Villari90, F. Villone100, P. Vincenzi12, I. Vinyar74, B. Viola90, A. Vitins103, Z. Vizvary7, M. Vlad86, I. Voitsekhovitch34, P. Vondráček50, N. Vora7, T. Vu8, W.W. Pires de Sa52, B. Wakeling7, C.W.F. Waldon7, N. Walkden7, M. Walker7, R. Walker7, M. Walsh55, E. Wang39, N. Wang39, S. Warder7, R.J. Warren7, J. Waterhouse7, N.W. Watkins28, C. Watts55, T. Wauters58, A. Weckmann42, J. Weiland23, H. Weisen33, M. Weiszflog22, C. Wellstood7, A.T. West7, M.R. Wheatley7, S. Whetham7, A.M. Whitehead7, B.D. Whitehead7, A.M. Widdowson7, S. Wiesen39, J. Wilkinson7, J. Williams7, M. Williams7, A.R. Wilson7, D.J. Wilson7, H.R. Wilson110, J. Wilson7, M. Wischmeier62, G. Withenshaw7, A. Withycombe7, D.M. Witts7, D. Wood7, R. Wood7, C. Woodley7, S. Wray7, J. Wright7, J.C. Wright64, J. Wu89, S. Wukitch64, A. Wynn110, T. Xu7, D. Yadikin16, W. Yanling39, L. Yao89, V. Yavorskij102, M.G. Yoo80, C. Young7, D. Young7, I.D. Young7, R. Young7, J. Zacks7, R. Zagorski49, F.S. Zaitsev18, R. Zanino75, A. Zarins103, K.D. Zastrow7, M. Zerbini90, W. Zhang62, Y. Zhou42, E. Zilli12, V. Zoita86, S. Zoletnik113, I. Zychor65 and JET Contributorsa // EUROfusion Consortium JET, Culham Science Centre, Abingdon, OX14 3DB, United Kingdom / 1 Aalto University, PO Box 14100, FIN-00076 Aalto, Finland / 2 Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, Centrale Marseille, M2P2 UMR 7340, 13451, Marseille, France / 3 Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, IUSTI UMR 7343, 13013 Marseille, France / 4 Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, PIIM, UMR 7345, 13013 Marseille, France / 5 Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, United States of America / 6 Barcelona Supercomputing Center, Barcelona, Spain / 7 CCFE, Culham Science Centre, Abingdon, Oxon, OX14 3DB, United Kingdom / 8 CEA, IRFM, F-13108 Saint Paul Lez Durance, France / 9 Center for Energy Research, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, United States of America / 10 Centro Brasileiro de Pesquisas Fisicas, Rua Xavier Sigaud, 160, Rio de Janeiro CEP 22290-180, Brazil / 11 Consorzio CREATE, Via Claudio 21, 80125 Napoli, Italy / 12 Consorzio RFX, corso Stati Uniti 4, 35127 Padova, Italy / 13 Daegu University, Jillyang, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk 712-174, Republic of Korea / 14 Departamento de Física, Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, 28911 Leganés, Madrid, Spain / 15 Department of Applied Physics UG (Ghent University) St-Pietersnieuwstraat 41 B-9000 Ghent, Belgium / 16 Department of Earth and Space Sciences, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-41296 Gothenburg, Sweden / 17 Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University of Cagliari, Piazza d’Armi 09123, Cagliari, Italy / 18 Department of Experimental Physics, Faculty of Mathematics, Physics and Informatics Comenius University Mlynska dolina F2, 84248 Bratislava, Slovakia / 19 Department of Materials Science, Warsaw University of Technology, PL-01-152 Warsaw, Poland / 20 Department of Nuclear and Quantum Engineering, KAIST, Daejeon 34141, Korea / 21 Department of Physics and Applied Physics, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, G4 ONG, United Kingdom / 22 Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, SE-75120 Uppsala, Sweden / 23 Department of Physics, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-41296 Gothenburg, Sweden / 24 Department of Physics, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom / 25 Department of Physics, SCI, KTH, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden / 26 Department of Physics, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland / 27 Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 2JD, United Kingdom / 28 Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, United Kingdom / 29 Department of Pure and Applied Physics, Queens University, Belfast, BT7 1NN, United Kingdom / 30 Dipartimento di Ingegneria Elettrica Elettronica e Informatica, Università degli Studi di Catania, 95125 Catania, Italy / 31 Dipartimento di Ingegneria Industriale, University of Trento, Trento, Italy / 32 Dublin City University (DCU), Dublin, Ireland / 33 Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Swiss Plasma Center (SPC), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland / 34 EUROfusion Programme Management Unit, Boltzmannstr. 2, 85748 Garching, Germany / 35 EUROfusion Programme Management Unit, Culham Science Centre, Culham, OX14 3DB, United Kingdom / 36 European Commission, B-1049 Brussels, Belgium / 37 Fluid and Plasma Dynamics, ULB—Campus Plaine—CP 231 Boulevard du Triomphe, 1050 Bruxelles, Belgium / 38 FOM Institute DIFFER, Eindhoven, Netherlands / 39 Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Institut für Energie- und Klimaforschung—Plasmaphysik, 52425 Jülich, Germany / 40 Fourth State Research, 503 Lockhart Dr, Austin, TX, United States of America / 41 Fusion for Energy Joint Undertaking, Josep Pl. 2, Torres Diagonal Litoral B3, 08019, Barcelona, Spain / 42 Fusion Plasma Physics, EES, KTH, SE-10044 Stockholm, Sweden / 43 General Atomics, PO Box 85608, San Diego, CA 92186-5608, United States of America / 44 HRS Fusion, West Orange, NJ, United States of America / 45 IFP-CNR, via R. Cozzi 53, 20125 Milano, Italy / 46 Institute for Plasma Research, Bhat, Gandhinagar-382 428, Gujarat State, India / 47 Institute of Nuclear Physics, Radzikowskiego 152, 31-342 Kraków, Poland / 48 Institute of Physics, Opole University, Oleska 48, 45-052 Opole, Poland / 49 Institute of Plasma Physics and Laser Microfusion, Hery 23, 01-497 Warsaw, Poland / 50 Institute of Plasma Physics AS CR, Za Slovankou 1782/3, 182 00 Praha 8, Czechia / 51 Institute of Plasma Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, People’s Republic of China / 52 Instituto de Física, Universidade de São Paulo, Rua do Matão Travessa R Nr.187 CEP 05508-090 Cidade Universitária, São Paulo, Brasil / 53 Instituto de Plasmas e Fusão Nuclear, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal / 54 Ioffe Physico-Technical Institute, 26 Politekhnicheskaya, St Petersburg 194021, Russian Federation / 55 ITER Organization, Route de Vinon, CS 90 046, 13067 Saint Paul Lez Durance, France / 56 Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, PO Box 3640, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany / 57 Laboratorio Nacional de Fusión, CIEMAT, Madrid, Spain / 58 Laboratory for Plasma Physics Koninklijke Militaire School—Ecole Royale Militaire, Renaissancelaan 30 Avenue de la Renaissance B-1000, Brussels, Belgium / 59 Lithuanian energy institute, Breslaujos g. 3, LT-44403, Kaunas, Lithuania / 60 Magnetic Sensor Laboratory, Lviv Polytechnic National University, Lviv, Ukraine / 61 Maritime University of Szczecin, Waly Chrobrego 1-2, 70-500 Szczecin, Poland / 62 Max-Planck-Institut für Plasmaphysik, D-85748 Garching, Germany / 63 Max-Planck-Institut für Plasmaphysik, Teilinsitut Greifswald, D-17491 Greifswald, Germany / 64 MIT Plasma Science and Fusion Centre, Cambridge, MA 02139, United States of America / 65 National Centre for Nuclear Research (NCBJ), 05-400 Otwock-Świerk, Poland / 66 National Fusion Research Institute (NFRI), 169-148 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-806, Republic of Korea / 67 National Institute for Fusion Science, Oroshi, Toki, Gifu 509-5292, Japan / 68 National Institute for Fusion Science, Toki, 509-5292, Japan / 69 National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Naka, Ibaraki 311-0193, Japan / 70 National Technical University of Athens, Iroon Politechniou 9, 157 73 Zografou, Athens, Greece / 71 NCSR ‘Demokritos’, 153 10, Agia Paraskevi Attikis, Greece / 72 NRC Kurchatov Institute, 1 Kurchatov Square, Moscow 123182, Russian Federation / 73 Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831-6169, United States of America / 74 PELIN LLC, 27a, Gzhatskaya Ulitsa, Saint Petersburg, 195220, Russian Federation / 75 Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi 24, I-10129 Torino, Italy / 76 Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory, James Forrestal Campus, Princeton, NJ 08543, United States of America / 77 Purdue University, 610 Purdue Mall, West Lafayette, IN 47907, United States of America / 78 SCK-CEN, Nuclear Research Centre, 2400 Mol, Belgium / 79 Second University of Napoli, Consorzio CREATE, Via Claudio 21, 80125 Napoli, Italy / 80 Seoul National University, Shilim-Dong, Gwanak-Gu, Republic of Korea / 81 Slovenian Fusion Association (SFA), Jozef Stefan Institute, Jamova 39, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia / 82 Space and Plasma Physics, EES, KTH SE-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden / 83 Technical University of Denmark, Department of Physics, Bldg 309, DK-2800 Kgs Lyngby, Denmark / 84 The ‘Horia Hulubei’ National Institute for Physics and Nuclear Engineering, Magurele-Bucharest, Romania / 85 The National Institute for Cryogenics and Isotopic Technology, Ramnicu Valcea, Romania / 86 The National Institute for Laser, Plasma and Radiation Physics, Magurele-Bucharest, Romania / 87 The National Institute for Optoelectronics, Magurele-Bucharest, Romania / 88 Troitsk Insitute of Innovating and Thermonuclear Research (TRINITI), Troitsk 142190, Moscow Region, Russian Federation / 89 University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China / 90 Unità Tecnica Fusione, ENEA C. R. Frascati, via E. Fermi 45, 00044 Frascati (Roma), Italy / 91 Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain / 92 Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain / 93 Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia, Madrid, Spain / 94 Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Grupo I2A2, Madrid, Spain / 95 Università di Roma Tor Vergata, Via del Politecnico 1, Roma, Italy / 96 University College Cork (UCC), Ireland / 97 University Milano-Bicocca, piazza della Scienza 3, 20126 Milano, Italy / 98 University of Basilicata, Consorzio CREATE, Via Claudio 21, 80125 Napoli, Italy / 99 University of California, 1111 Franklin St., Oakland, CA 94607, United States of America / 100 University of Cassino, Consorzio CREATE, Via Claudio 21, 80125 Napoli, Italy / 101 University of Helsinki, PO Box 43, FI-00014 University of Helsinki, Finland / 102 University of Innsbruck, Fusion@Österreichische Akademie der Wissenschaften (ÖAW), Innsbruck, Austria / 103 University of Latvia, 19 Raina Blvd., Riga, LV 1586, Latvia / 104 University of Lorraine, CNRS, UMR7198, YIJL, Nancy, France / 105 University of Napoli ‘Federico II’, Consorzio CREATE, Via Claudio 21, 80125 Napoli, Italy / 106 University of Napoli Parthenope, Consorzio CREATE, Via Claudio 21, 80125 Napoli, Italy / 107 University of Texas at Austin, Institute for Fusion Studies, Austin, TX 78712, United States of America / 108 University of Toyama, Toyama, 930-8555, Japan / 109 University of Tuscia, DEIM, Via del Paradiso 47, 01100 Viterbo, Italy / 110 University of York, Heslington, York YO10 5DD, United Kingdom / 111 Vienna University of Technology, Fusion@Österreichische Akademie der Wissenschaften (ÖAW), Austria / 112 VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, PO Box 1000, FIN-02044 VTT, Finland / 113 Wigner Research Centre for Physics, PO Box 49, H-1525 Budapest, Hungary

Published
2017
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78. The upgraded DO detector

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Vipin Bhatnagar, E. De La Cruz-Burelo, Laurent Chevalier, N. A. Kuchinsky, L. S. Vertogradov, Stephen Wimpenny, A. Bross, Y. Jacquier, Adam L. Lyon, Tiefu Zhao, N. Lahrichi, X. Zhang, T. Wlodek, B. Baumbaugh, Martin Grunewald, K. Genser, Ulrike Blumenschein, P. L.M. Podesta-Lerma, T. Marshall, Milos Lokajicek, Jean-Laurent Agram, Christian Autermann, A. Kostritski, Y. Arnoud, S. Lager, O. Dvornikov, M. Anastasoaie, U. Bassler, P. K. Mal, Darien Wood, Brad Abbott, Pierre Petroff, Sergey Denisov, D. Tompkins, P. Sheahan, S. E.K. Mattingly, M. Markus, V. Mikhailov, Chris Hays, K. J. Rani, A. Alton, V. V. Shary, L.V. Reddy, Vivek Jain, S. J. Hong, Paul Telford, Robert Hirosky, V. L. Malyshev, J. Rha, Alexander Khanov, F. Fleuret, Daniel R Claes, Yann Coadou, Nicholas John Hadley, C. P. Buszello, W. Kahl, S. Robinson, I. Churin, Regina Demina, R. Van Kooten, N. Jouravlev, Arnulf Quadt, Raimund Ströhmer, Michael A. Strauss, Michael Martens, R. Jayanti, B. Thooris, Marco Verzocchi, C. Magass, A. Besson, M. D. Corcoran, N. P. Kravchuk, V. A. Bezzubov, Elemer Nagy, G. Graham, Abdenour Lounis, A. Zieminski, Dugan O'Neil, E. G. Zverev, Joshua Thompson, R.J. Yarema, Arnaud Duperrin, H. S. Mao, V. Simak, Ted Zmuda, S. Blessing, Scott Snyder, V. S. Narasimhan, M. Abolins, J. P. Negret, D. Casey, E. Thomas, J. Huang, M. Vigneault, P. A. Rapidis, J. Lizarazo, A. M. Kalinin, V. M. Korablev, N. Spartana, Thomas Trefzger, E. J. Ramberg, S. N. Fatakia, Jaebeom Park, R. A. Sidwell, Suyong Choi, Rapson Gomez, A. Patwa, P. Padley, Denis Gelé, J. F. Bartlett, T. Moulik, R. P. Smith, Sophie Trincaz-Duvoid, M. Juarez, F. Borcherding, W. Pritchard, V. M. Podstavkov, Armen Vartapetian, R. J. Madaras, N. M. Cason, A. Goussiou, J. Steinberg, N. Gollub, R. F. Rodrigues, P. Lebrun, E. Machado, E. Hazen, R. Angstadt, D. Graham, S. N. Ahmed, B. Clement, Mitchell Wayne, D. Bonifas, Alberto Santoro, Yu. A. Gornushkin, David Colling, N. W. Reay, C. Rotolo, Christos Leonidopoulos, D. Beutel, J. Kasper, G. Sajot, J. Kozminski, Michael Shupe, Michael Hildreth, Dmitri Tsybychev, R. L. McCarthy, B. M. Sabirov, Y. Hu, C. Boswell, L. Lobo, Sascha Caron, H. Schellman, J. M. Kohli, R. DeMaat, G. Alkhazov, O. Boeriu, Marcia Begalli, J. G.R. Lima, Lorenzo Feligioni, Y. Kulik, L. Bagby, A. Yurkewicz, D. Kau, Kevin Black, Jovan Mitrevski, D. Toback, G. D. Alexeev, G. Martin-Chassard, A. Harel, Markus Klute, Sergio F Novaes, Norbert Wermes, K. Stevenson, Chris P. Barnes, B. Lavigne, Flera Rizatdinova, Ron Lipton, B. Olivier, S. Greder, Miguel Mostafa, Douglas Smith, Meenakshi Narain, Sherry Towers, Sarah Catherine Eno, Horst Severini, Ph Gris, A. Kryemadhi, Karel Smolek, J. P. Konrath, P. Schieferdecker, D. K. Cho, A. Stone, Wendy W. Davis, R. Zitoun, V. I. Rud, S. Söldner-Rembold, S. R. Hou, Alexandre Zabi, S. Uzunyan, Tobias Golling, Yonggang Huang, J. M. Hauptman, T. Scanlon, S. Kermiche, H. T. Diehl, T. A. Bolton, P. Verdier, Shuichi Kunori, Y. Pogorelov, J. Krane, P. Houben, R. Flores, K. M. Chan, Christian Zeitnitz, Cecilia Elena Gerber, Dhiman Chakraborty, V. Anosov, M. Roco, J. Womersley, Hyun-Chul Kim, John Parsons, Yurii Maravin, Junjie Zhu, F. Nang, Andrew White, R. Rechenmacher, Nikola Makovec, Mossadek Talby, B. Gómez, Yi Jiang, Suman Bala Beri, P. Laurens, M. Michaut, Gordon Watts, A. V. Kotwal, Harrison Prosper, Y. Xie, G. Ginther, D. Butler, J. Linnemann, Vivian O'Dell, H. Weerts, H. Dong, P. Ermolov, María Teresa Martín, M. Cooke, H. da Motta, D. Zieminska, M. Diesburg, D. Gillberg, A. A. Shishkin, A. Evdokimov, S. Desai, S. Grünendahl, J. Wittlin, Kristian Harder, V. Sirotenko, A. C. Le Bihan, Rupert Leitner, S. Fuess, M. Cristetiu, B. Davies, M. Wobisch, O. V. Eroshin, Y. Song, Md. Naimuddin, E. Chi, S.D. Kalmani, Shashikant Dugad, M. Merkin, Jianming Qian, J. Ellison, A. Juste, A. Melnitchouk, Steve Reucroft, Pm Tuts, P. Bonamy, Todd Adams, B. Gobbi, C. Tolian, M. Petteni, J. D. Degenhardt, S. W. Youn, E. Von Toerne, Wagner Carvalho, P. Demine, M.A. Baturitsky, J. M. Heinmiller, Hal Evans, Thomas Ferbel, A. K.A. Maciel, M. Ahsan, Sa. Jain, Dan Green, Emmanuel Busato, Alexander Leflat, V. M. Abazov, J. Raskowski, F. Touze, Nikos Varelas, L. Groer, A. M. Magnan, Thomas G Trippe, Karl Jakobs, A. Pompoš, T. Gadfort, A. S. Turcot, Phillip Gutierrez, Greg Landsberg, Sw. Banerjee, V. Hynek, Mark Raymond Adams, D. Karmanov, Q. Xu, T. Wijnen, M. Strovink, B. Connolly, L. Christofek, H. Zheng, D. Buchholz, Bing Zhou, Luis Mendoza, Lars Sonnenschein, G. Briskin, R. Hooper, D. Mendoza, T. Kurca, Pushpalatha C Bhat, S. Zviagintsev, A. Narayanan, M. B. Przybycien, Anurag Gupta, J. Lazoflores, A. Jonckheere, Marc Weber, S. Porokhovoy, P. Hanlet, Pedrame Bargassa, M. Utes, Pierre-Antoine Delsart, A. Jenkins, Helena Malbouisson, D. Chapin, Christophe Royon, Iain Alexander Bertram, V. V. Lipaev, K. Soustruznik, Kenneth Johns, M. Kopal, R. Chiche, Sudhir Malik, N. J. Buchanan, I. Ripp-Baudot, A. Meyer, P. Nagaraj, Jonas Strandberg, N. Parua, Ia Iashvili, J. Krider, R. K. Shivpuri, D. A. Stoyanova, K. Gounder, J. R. Kalk, Reiner Hauser, V. Buescher, Andrei Nomerotski, Michael Rijssenbeek, O. Atramentov, Sissel Hansen, A. Stefanik, W. D. Shephard, M. McKenna, Sharon Hagopian, K. Papageorgiou, V. Stolin, P. Skubic, Jean-Roch Vlimant, D. Skow, M. Vaz, Rodney Walker, Brajesh C Choudhary, M. Eads, M. Jaffré, M. A.C. Cummings, Raymond Brock, N. Wilcer, M. Larwill, V. Manakov, P. Tamburello, D. Coppage, G. Geurkov, J. N. Butler, R. Rucinski, Gavin Davies, Boaz Klima, P. van Gemmeren, S. Doulas, R. McCroskey, Andre Sznajder, J. Anderson, M. Doidge, L. Coney, T. Regan, Yuri Gershtein, F. Badaud, I. Katsanos, R. Beuselinck, P. D. Grannis, H. D. Wahl, T. Yasuda, V. White, S. N. Gurzhiev, A. Nurczyk, D. Wicke, Emmanuelle Perez, A. Baden, G. C. Blazey, Y. Yen, B. Zhang, Jean-Francois Grivaz, Y. A. Yatsunenko, S. H. Ahn, Arnaud Lucotte, B. Hoeneisen, Z. Ke, Alexander Kupco, J. Steele, N. A. Naumann, P.R. Vishwanath, H. J. Willutzki, J. Olsen, Y. Scheglov, Kaushik De, P. Russo, S. Baffioni, J. D. Hobbs, I. Hall, M. J. Ferreira, J. Warchol, A. Chandra, P. de Jong, Ricardo Piegaia, Florian Beaudette, M. Arov, R. Partridge, Gilvan Alves, J. Barreto, F. Yoffe, B. Satyanarayana, I.K. Prokhorov, K. Goldmann, B. Andrieu, P. Jonsson, E. Bockenthien, G. Bernardi, Freya Blekman, R. T. Neuenschwander, R. Hance, S. Tentindo-Repond, Carl Lindenmeyer, Heriberto Castilla-Valdez, D. Bauer, L. Canal, M. Bhattacharjee, F. Charles, G. Savage, I. Blackler, M. Bowden, Emanuela Barberis, Li Jingyuan, Kazunori Hanagaki, Dongliang Zhang, X. Meng, Marcel Vreeswijk, B. Spurlock, Thomas Hebbeker, M. Mulders, E.V. Komissarov, S. Chakrabarti, Peter Love, P. Johnson, P. Rubinov, T. Nunnemann, B. Baldin, A. Koubarovsky, C. Luo, Randy Ruchti, Manas Maity, M. A. Strang, J. Molina, C. Noeding, Reinhard Schwienhorst, M. H.G. Souza, Jan Stark, P. Polosov, Seo Won Lee, Henry Lubatti, Ashok Kumar, Charles Leggett, Juan Estrada, M. C. Cousinou, Julia S. Meyer, Zeno Dixon Greenwood, D. Käfer, A. Bellavance, M. Litmaath, A. A. Mayorov, K. W. Merritt, T. Vu Anh, M. Wegner, Mansoora Shamim, Carlos Avila, S. Sumowidagdo, S.A. Kahn, H. Greenlee, Sabine Crépé-Renaudin, J. Cammin, V. Oguri, C. Schwanenberger, W. M. Van Leeuwen, O. Peters, Marumi Kado, E. Galyaev, Liyuan Han, James C. Green, M. Zdrazil, Tulika Bose, S. Yacoob, C. Franklin, D. Huffman, W. M. Lee, N. Kirsch, P. Banerjee, M. Demarteau, A. Kharchilava, Z. M. Wang, David Miller, Carmen García, H. Haggerty, J. Dyer, A.A. Nozdrin, Gregory R Snow, G. Steinbrück, Andrew Brandt, S. Rapisarda, Andre Sopczak, M. Agelou, M. Binder, A. C.S. Assis Jesus, Guennadi Borissov, L. Sawyer, Philip Baringer, George Alverson, H. E. Fisk, Sergey Kuleshov, S. Protopopescu, Lev Dudko, C. Biscarat, E. Haggard, Aran Garcia-Bellido, P. Lewis, D. Hedin, M. Zanabria, Cristina Galea, Christophe Clement, D. Denisov, Elliott Cheu, S. Fu, W. C. Fisher, S. Moua, G. Gutierrez, Hwi Dong Yoo, S. Sengupta, A. S. Ito, Kirti Ranjan, H.E. Miettinen, Carsten Hensel, S. Kesisoglou, A. A. Vorobyov, A. V. Kozelov, D. Edmunds, M. Yan, S. Jabeen, Victor Daniel Elvira, S. Burke, W. E. Cooper, J. Hays, Xiuping Li, Q. Z. Li, V. V. Tokmenin, Neeti Parashar, S. Dean, Stephan Linn, A. Lobodenko, V. A. Bodyagin, Tae Jeong Kim, R. Bernhard, D. A. Wijngaarden, M. Gao, A. Cothenet, G. Hesketh, N. Oshima, M. P. Sanders, M. Zielinski, Daniel Bloch, J. Fast, Nikolay Terentyev, N. Wallace, M. Sosebee, Gustaaf Brooijmans, Sergey Burdin, A. Sanchez-Hernandez, Robert Kehoe, J. Lu, P. J. Van Den Berg, Jessica Levêque, K. Bos, Marc Besancon, J. Temple, T. Christiansen, Bobby Samir Acharya, H. A. Neal, Sung Keun Park, D. Meder, H. C. Shankar, V. Sorín, T. R. Wyatt, V. Zutshi, V. Vysotsky, B. G. Pope, M. A. Kubantsev, B. O. Oshinowo, W. Barg, Marvin Johnson, A. A. Schukin, M. R. Krishnaswamy, Sebastian Grinstein, O. Kouznetsov, E. Flattum, R. Yamada, M. Warsinsky, O. Bardon, T. Edwards, K. Yip, N. Xuan, L. Stutte, R. D. Schamberger, Timothy Andeen, R. E. Ray, L. Lueking, K. Krempetz, C. Miao, W. L. Prado Da Silva, S. Chopra, Andrew Askew, Zhengguo Zhao, Brigitte Vachon, D. Evans, Gregory J Pawloski, A.S. Dyshkant, M. Buehler, Jiri Kvita, V.V. Teterin, M. Lynker, J. Yu, X. F. Song, M. V. S. Rao, N. R. Stanton, J. Torborg, N. K. Mondal, Lev Uvarov, G. Le Meur, D. Shpakov, R. Jesik, S. Beauceron, Ariel Schwartzman, Melissa Ridel, Dorothee Schaile, G. Cisko, T. C. Bacon, Alexey Ferapontov, M. Wetstein, J. Bystricky, Zhenbin Wu, J. Foglesong, J. Fagan, Robert Harrington, A. Mendes, T. Fitzpatrick, Christian Schmitt, S. Nelson, R. Gelhaus, H. E. Montgomery, C. De La Taille, P. Mättig, K. Gray, E. Popkov, M. Hohlfeld, K. Del Signore, R. Illingworth, C. Han, D. Mihalcea, C. De Oliveira Martins, Victor Golovtsov, P. N. Ratoff, Emily Nurse, Elizabeth Gallas, T. McMahon, Maksym Titov, V. E. Kuznetsov, V. Gavrilov, D. Olis, Wendy Taylor, Allan G Clark, Roger Moore, R. Goodwin, Johannes Elmsheuser, J. T. Eltzroth, P. Neustroev, Laurent Duflot, David Cutts, R. Ramirez-Gomez, R. Kwarciany, Rupinder Kaur, Daniel Whiteson, Bradley Cox, S. J. De Jong, B. Kothari, J. Coss, D. Markley, A. A. Shchukin, L. Babukhadia, Frank Fiedler, E. Kajfasz, A. Magerkurth, A. Zatserklyaniy, N.A. Russakovich, M. Das, V. N. Evdokimov, Gervasio Gomez, Michael Begel, Eduardo De Moraes Gregores, G. A. Davis, Boris Tuchming, Luiz Mundim, J. F. Renardy, Limin Wang, Marc-Andre Pleier, M. Doets, N.V. Mokhov, B. Åsman, A. P. Heinson, T. H. Burnett, G. S. Muanza, R. E. Hall, D. Fein, M. Fortner, Don Lincoln, Erich Varnes, P. W. Balm, C. Hebert, Ulrich Heintz, M. Matulik, A. Bishoff, H. Jöstlein, S. Krzywdzinski, J. Green, A. Zylberstejn, Frank Filthaut, R. Kubinski, F. Lehner, D. M. Strom, B. C.K. Casey, Y. P. Merekov, E. Shabalina, J. Guglielmo, Kyoung-Ho Kim, Andy Haas, L. Phaf, G. W. Wilson, Frederic Deliot, Christopher George Tully, Y. M. Kharzheev, Patrick Slattery, G. J. Otero y Garzón, T. Toole, S. Uvarov, A. Boehnlein, H. L. Melanson, Ivor Fleck, J. Snow, B. Quinn, J. H. Christenson, Makoto Tomoto, David H. Adams, Alice Bean, F. Canelli, N. Oliveira, Maria Elena Pol, W. Gu, A. P. Kaan, J. Gardner, R. Choate, Walter Freeman, J. Kotcher, S. Anderson, Harald Fox, M. Vaupel, Y. D. Mutaf, I. A. Vasilyev, P. M. Perea, and F. Villeneuve-Seguier

Subjects
Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Tevatron, 01 natural sciences, Particle detector, law.invention, Nuclear physics, Data acquisition, law, 0103 physical sciences, Fermilab, 010306 general physics, Collider, Instrumentation, Physics, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, business.industry, Detector, Electrical engineering, Particle accelerator, D0 experiment, Experimental High Energy Physics, ComputingMethodologies_DOCUMENTANDTEXTPROCESSING, Physics::Accelerator Physics, High Energy Physics::Experiment, business
Abstract

The DØ experiment enjoyed a very successful data-collection run at the Fermilab Tevatron collider between 1992 and 1996. Since then, the detector has been upgraded to take advantage of improvements to the Tevatron and to enhance its physics capabilities. We describe the new elements of the detector, including the silicon microstrip tracker, central fiber tracker, solenoidal magnet, preshower detectors, forward muon detector, and forward proton detector. The uranium/liquid-argon calorimeters and central muon detector, remaining from Run I, are discussed briefly. We also present the associated electronics, triggering, and data acquisition systems, along with the design and implementation of software specific to DØ. © 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Published
2016

79. The effect of environmental temperature on reptilian peripheral blood B cell functions

Author

Rachel M. Bowden, Sarah Palackdharry, Ben M. Sadd, and Laura A. Vogel

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, Phagocytosis, Cell, Biology, Environment, 03 medical and health sciences, Behavioral Neuroscience, Endocrinology, Immune system, Immunity, medicine, Animals, Secretion, B cell, B-Lymphocytes, Endocrine and Autonomic Systems, ELISPOT, Temperature, In vitro, Cell biology, Turtles, 030104 developmental biology, medicine.anatomical_structure, Immune System, Immunology
Abstract

Recent studies have identified phagocytic B cells in a variety of species, yet little is understood about their function and how it is influenced by natural environmental variation, such as temperature. Phagocytic B-cells are present in red-eared slider turtles, Trachemys scripta, and the wide range of temperatures experienced by these ectotherms may have an effect on immunity, including B cell antibody secretion and phagocytosis. We examined the impact of environmental temperature on B cell function in vitro using phagocytic and ELISpot assays conducted at biologically relevant temperatures. We found a significant effect of temperature on antibody secretion, with maximal antibody secretion occurring at intermediate temperatures (estimated maximum of 28.8°C). There was no effect of temperature on phagocytosis. We also noted a difference in the efficiency of phagocytosis in this assay between B cells and non-B cells. Interestingly, in our in vitro assay, phagocytic B cells engulfed more foreign fluorescent beads per cell than phagocytes lacking surface immunoglobulin. This work sheds light on our understanding of phagocytic B cells and the importance of environmental temperature on the behavior of reptilian immune cells, which may have relevance for organismal fitness.

Published
2016

80. Elevated corticosterone during egg production elicits increased maternal investment and promotes nestling growth in a wild songbird

Author

Scott K. Sakaluk, Rachel M. Bowden, E. Keith Bowers, and Charles F. Thompson

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, 0301 basic medicine, medicine.medical_specialty, food.ingredient, Offspring, Population, Zoology, Animals, Wild, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Article, Songbirds, 03 medical and health sciences, Behavioral Neuroscience, chemistry.chemical_compound, Endocrinology, food, Corticosterone, Internal medicine, Yolk, medicine, Animals, education, Maternal Behavior, Ovum, education.field_of_study, biology, Endocrine and Autonomic Systems, Hatching, Maternal effect, biology.organism_classification, Songbird, Up-Regulation, 030104 developmental biology, chemistry, Animals, Newborn, Oviparity, embryonic structures, Female, Maternal Inheritance
Abstract

Glucocorticoids circulating in breeding birds during egg production accumulate within eggs, and may provide a potent form of maternal effect on offspring phenotype. However, whether these steroids affect offspring development remains unclear. Here, we employed a non-invasive technique that experimentally elevated the maternal transfer of corticosterone to eggs in a wild population of house wrens. Feeding corticosterone-injected mealworms to free-living females prior to and during egg production increased the number of eggs that females produced and increased corticosterone concentrations in egg yolks. This treatment also resulted in an increase in the amount of yolk allocated to eggs. Offspring hatching from these eggs begged for food at a higher rate than control offspring and eventually attained increased prefledging body condition, a trait predictive of their probability of recruitment as breeding adults in the study population. Our results indicate that an increase in maternal glucocorticoids within the physiological range can enhance maternal investment and offspring development.

Published
2016

81. Reproductive allocation in female house wrens is not influenced by experimentally altered male attractiveness

Author

Scott K. Sakaluk, Susan C. Grana, Rachel M. Bowden, Melissa A. Doellman, Charles F. Thompson, and Laura A. Vogel

Subjects
Attractiveness, Mate choice, Nest, Offspring, Animal ecology, Ecology, Fledge, Animal Science and Zoology, Biology, Parental investment, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Brood, Demography
Abstract

The differential allocation hypothesis proposes that females mated to attractive males should invest more resources in their offspring than those mated to less-attractive males, whereas the compensation hypothesis posits that females mated to less-attractive males should invest more resources in their offspring to compensate for lower-quality young. We tested these hypotheses by manipulating attractiveness of male house wrens (Troglodytes aedon) prior to female arrival by adding extra nest sites to territories of some males while leaving control males with only a single nest site. Females laid their eggs sooner in the nests of attractive males, and attractive males were more likely to retain their territory over successive broods and were marginally more likely to obtain a mate for a second brood later in the season than were control males, thereby confirming the effect of our manipulation on male attractiveness. Experimentally enhanced attractiveness also led to increased hematocrit in males. However, there were no consistent differences in the number, size, or quality of eggs laid by females mated to attractive and control males, nor were there any differences in the size, health state, or immune function of nestlings produced from these eggs. There was also no effect of treatment on the number of nestlings surviving to fledging. Collectively, these results are inconsistent with both the differential allocation hypothesis and the compensation hypothesis. Future studies should consider the possibility that the criteria used by females in selecting a mate may vary temporally and be more flexible than generally thought.

Published
2012
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82. Embryonic exposure to corticosterone modifies the juvenile stress response, oxidative stress and telomere length

Author

Mark F. Haussmann, Stephen A Juliano, Andrew S Longenecker, Rachel M. Bowden, and Nicole M. Marchetto

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, bird, Pituitary-Adrenal System, Chick Embryo, medicine.disease_cause, 01 natural sciences, chemistry.chemical_compound, stress, Corticosterone, Research Articles, Cellular Senescence, General Environmental Science, 0303 health sciences, telomere, Maternal effect, General Medicine, Biological Evolution, maternal effects, Female, General Agricultural and Biological Sciences, Cell aging, hormones, hormone substitutes, and hormone antagonists, medicine.medical_specialty, Hypothalamo-Hypophyseal System, food.ingredient, Offspring, Biology, In ovo, 010603 evolutionary biology, Models, Biological, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, 03 medical and health sciences, food, Stress, Physiological, Yolk, Internal medicine, medicine, Animals, 030304 developmental biology, General Immunology and Microbiology, corticosterone, Telomere Homeostasis, Oxidative Stress, Endocrinology, chemistry, Ageing, Oxidative stress
Abstract

Early embryonic exposure to maternal glucocorticoids can broadly impact physiology and behaviour across phylogenetically diverse taxa. The transfer of maternal glucocorticoids to offspring may be an inevitable cost associated with poor environmental conditions, or serve as a maternal effect that alters offspring phenotype in preparation for a stressful environment. Regardless, maternal glucocorticoids are likely to have both costs and benefits that are paid and collected over different developmental time periods. We manipulated yolk corticosterone (cort) in domestic chickens ( Gallus domesticus ) to examine the potential impacts of embryonic exposure to maternal stress on the juvenile stress response and cellular ageing. Here, we report that juveniles exposed to experimentally increased cort in ovo had a protracted decline in cort during the recovery phase of the stress response. All birds, regardless of treatment group, shifted to oxidative stress during an acute stress response. In addition, embryonic exposure to cort resulted in higher levels of reactive oxygen metabolites and an over-representation of short telomeres compared with the control birds. In many species, individuals with higher levels of oxidative stress and shorter telomeres have the poorest survival prospects. Given this, long-term costs of glucocorticoid-induced phenotypes may include accelerated ageing and increased mortality.

Published
2011

83. A symmetrical Waxholm canonical mouse brain for NeuroMaps

Author

Laszlo Zaborsky, Fred L. Bookstein, Eider Moore, William D.K. Green, G. Allan Johnson, Mark Dubach, Douglas M. Bowden, and Alexandra Badea

Subjects
Brain Mapping, business.industry, Atlas (topology), Computer science, Image processor, General Neuroscience, Models, Neurological, Brain atlas, Brain, Neuroinformatics, Image processing, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Brain mapping, Article, Functional Laterality, Lateralization of brain function, Mice, Inbred C57BL, Mice, Image Processing, Computer-Assisted, Animals, Computer vision, Artificial intelligence, Image warping, business
Abstract

NeuroMaps (2010) is a Web-based application that enables investigators to map data from macaque studies to a canonical atlas of the macaque brain. It currently serves as an image processor enabling them to create figures suitable for publication, presentation and archival purposes. Eventually it will enable investigators studying any of several species to analyze the overlap between their data and multimodality data mapped by others. The purpose of the current project was to incorporate the Waxholm canonical mouse brain (Harwylycz, 2009) into NeuroMaps. An enhanced gradient echo (T2*) magnetic resonance image (MRI) of the Waxholm canonical brain (Johnson et al., 2010) was warped to bring the irregular biological midplane of the MRI into line with the mathematically flat midsagittal plane of the Waxholm space. The left hemisphere was deleted and the right hemisphere reflected to produce a symmetrical 3D MR image. The symmetrical T2* image was imported into NeuroMaps. The map executing this warp was applied to four other voxellated volumes based on the same canonical specimen and maintained at the Center for In-Vitro Microscopy (CIVM): a T2-weighted MRI, a T1-weighted MRI, a segmented image and an image reconstructed from Nissl-stained histological sections of the specimen. Symmetric versions of those images were returned to the CIVM repository where they are made available to other laboratories. Utility of the symmetric atlas was demonstrated by mapping and comparing a number of cortical areas as illustrated in three conventional mouse brain atlases. The symmetric Waxholm mouse brain atlas is now accessible in NeuroMaps where investigators can map image data to standard templates over the Web and process them for publication, presentation and archival purposes: http://braininfo.rprc.washington.edu/MapViewData.aspx.

Published
2011
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84. The D0 Silicon Microstrip Tracker

Author

J. Howell, David Hover, Zhenyu Ye, Yuri Gershtein, G. Steinbrck, J. King, R. Hance, J. Wish, Cecilia Elena Gerber, F. Browning, María Teresa Martín, J. Foglesong, S. Kesisoglou, Paul Michael Ratzmann, T. G. Trippe, K. Krempetz, Sharon Hagopian, A. Toukhtarov, F. Blekman, M. Merkin, P. Heger, J. Mateski, V. Simak, L. Bagby, M. A. Kubantsev, J. Clutter, Phillip Gutierrez, Michael A. Strauss, C. Boswell, R. J. Genik, B. Åsman, A. Melnitchouk, Ulrich Heintz, H. Schellman, B. Quinn, S. Moua, G. J. Otero Y Garzn, Frank Filthaut, Stuart Kleinfelder, A. P. Heinson, Flera Rizatdinova, M. Utes, Y. Kulik, Alice Bean, P.F. Ermolov, A. Juste, M. Petteni, Marvin Johnson, V. Rykalin, R. E. Hall, Suyong Choi, S. Austin, W. Schmitt, H. Jstlein, Andrei Nomerotski, Elizaveta Shabalina, B. Squires, G. Sellberg, M. Bowden, J. Pawlak, A. Cooper, D. A. Wijngaarden, Tom Zimmerman, Regina Demina, C. Serritella, S. Desai, Dugan O'Neil, E. G. Zverev, G. Derylo, K. Gounder, R. Rucinski, G. Hesketh, P. van Gemmeren, D. Butler, R.J. Yarema, R. Angstadt, Dmitri Tsybychev, Jonas Strandberg, D. Mihalcea, M. Matulik, J. Kowalski, H. S. Mao, Alexander Khanov, Sebastian Grinstein, J. Fagan, W. Gu, S. N. Ahmed, M. Roco, S. M. Tripathi, A. Leflat, M. Demarteau, F. Lehner, M. Hrycyk, A. Bischoff, N. A. Naumann, Sara Strandberg, J. Gardner, H. E. Montgomery, E. Smith, N. Parua, M. Aoki, Harald Fox, D. Olis, M. Vaz, S. J. De Jong, Emanuela Barberis, M. D. Corcoran, Philip Baringer, D. Buchholz, M. McKenna, H. Cease, W. Kahl, A. Zieminski, W. E. Cooper, J. Fast, P. A. Rapidis, R. A. Sidwell, O. Milgrome, H. Haggerty, N. R. Stanton, E. Kajfasz, Ron Lipton, J. Womersley, H.J. Stredde, D. Karmanov, Ia Iashvili, Cristina Galea, T. A. Bolton, J. Ellison, Marc Weber, Sergey Burdin, A. R. Clark, Kristian Harder, Greg Landsberg, Centre de Physique des Particules de Marseille (CPPM), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Hubert Curien [Saint Etienne] (LHC), Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut d'Optique Graduate School (IOGS), D0, Laboratoire Hubert Curien (LHC), and Institut d'Optique Graduate School (IOGS)-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Tevatron, FOS: Physical sciences, 01 natural sciences, law.invention, High Energy Physics - Experiment, Nuclear physics, High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex), law, 0103 physical sciences, Electronic engineering, Mechanical design, [PHYS.HEXP]Physics [physics]/High Energy Physics - Experiment [hep-ex], Fermilab, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-INS-DET]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Instrumentation and Detectors [physics.ins-det], 010306 general physics, Collider, Instrumentation, Silicon microstrip detectors, Physics, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Detector, Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det), D0 experiment, Experimental High Energy Physics, ComputingMethodologies_DOCUMENTANDTEXTPROCESSING, Silicon detector, Physics::Accelerator Physics, High Energy Physics::Experiment
Abstract

Nucl.Instrum.Meth.A634:8-46,2011; This paper describes the mechanical design, the readout chain, the production, testing and the installation of the Silicon Microstrip Tracker of the D0 experiment at the Fermilab Tevatron collider. In addition, description of the performance of the detector during the experiment data collection between 2001 and 2010 is provided.

Published
2011
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85. Biological activity of oestradiol sulphate in an oviparous amniote: implications for maternal steroid effects

Author

Rachel M. Bowden and Ryan T. Paitz

Subjects
Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Embryo, Nonmammalian, food.ingredient, Offspring, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, Random Allocation, food, Internal medicine, Yolk, medicine, Animals, Endocrine system, Sex Ratio, Research Articles, Ovum, General Environmental Science, Estradiol, General Immunology and Microbiology, biology, Reproduction, Embryogenesis, Maternal effect, Embryo, General Medicine, biology.organism_classification, Turtles, Endocrinology, Oviparity, Female, Amniote, Illinois, General Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Abstract

Understanding the many factors that underlie phenotypic variation is of profound importance to evolutionary biologists. The embryonic endocrine environment is one such factor that has received much attention. In placental amniotes, the dynamic interaction of maternal and embryonic steroid production and metabolism is critical to regulating the endocrine environment. Less is known about how embryos of oviparous amniotes regulate their endocrine environment because most studies have focused on relating initial steroid levels in the yolk at oviposition to offspring phenotype. We tested the hypothesis that embryos of oviparous amniotes regulate their endocrine environment by conjugating maternal steroids and subsequently using the metabolites as precursors for steroid production later in development. Using the red-eared slider turtle ( Trachemys scripta ), we first characterized the conjugation of exogenous oestradiol to either oestradiol glucuronide or oestradiol sulphate (E 2 -S) in ovo during the first 15 days of development. Results show that oestradiol is primarily conjugated to E 2 -S. We then examined whether E 2 -S influenced sex determination and report that E 2 -S increases the production of female offspring. These data demonstrate that oviparous amniotes can both sulphonate steroids and respond to sulphonated steroids during embryonic development in a manner similar to placental amniotes.

Published
2010
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86. Climate and predation dominate juvenile and adult recruitment in a turtle with temperature‐dependent sex determination

Author

Ricky-John Spencer, Fredric J. Janzen, Rachel M. Bowden, and Lisa E. Schwanz

Subjects
Avian clutch size, education.field_of_study, Sex Differentiation, Temperature-dependent sex determination, Ecology, Climate, Population Dynamics, Population, Temperature, Environmental sex determination, Biology, biology.organism_classification, Turtles, Nest, Predatory Behavior, Animals, Female, Painted turtle, education, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Sex ratio, Sex allocation
Abstract

Conditions experienced early in life can influence phenotypes in ecologically important ways, as exemplified by organisms with environmental sex determination. For organisms with temperature-dependent sex determination (TSD), variation in nest temperatures induces phenotypic variation that could impact population growth rates. In environments that vary over space and time, how does this variation influence key demographic parameters (cohort sex ratio and hatchling recruitment) in early life stages of populations exhibiting TSD? We leverage a 17-year data set on a population of painted turtles, Chrysemys picta, to investigate how spatial variation in nest vegetation cover and temporal variation in climate influence early life-history demography. We found that spatial variation in nest cover strongly influenced nest temperature and sex ratio, but was not correlated with clutch size, nest predation, total nest failure, or hatching success. Temporal variation in climate influenced percentage of total nest failure and cohort sex ratio, but not depredation rate, mean clutch size, or mean hatching success. Total hatchling recruitment in a year was influenced primarily by temporal variation in climate-independent factors, number of nests constructed, and depredation rate. Recruitment of female hatchlings was determined by stochastic variation in nest depredation and annual climate and also by the total nest production. Overall population demography depends more strongly on annual variation in climate and predation than it does on the intricacies of nest-specific biology. Finally, we demonstrate that recruitment of female hatchlings translates into recruitment of breeding females into the population, thus linking climate (and other) effects on early life stages to adult demographics.

Published
2010
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87. Structural insight into a heme relay from human hemoglobin to SbnI, a regulator of siderophore biosynthesis in S. aureus

Author

Michael P. Murphy, Catherine F. M. Bowden, Anson C. K. Chan, and Meghan M. Verstraete

Subjects
Inorganic Chemistry, chemistry.chemical_compound, chemistry, Biochemistry, Structural Biology, Siderophore biosynthesis, Regulator, General Materials Science, Hemoglobin, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Condensed Matter Physics, Heme
Published
2018
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88. Embryonic modulation of maternal steroids in European starlings ( Sturnus vulgaris )

Author

Rachel M. Bowden, Joseph M. Casto, and Ryan T. Paitz

Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty, Embryo, Nonmammalian, food.ingredient, Offspring, medicine.medical_treatment, Radioimmunoassay, Biology, Tritium, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, Steroid, food, Internal medicine, Yolk, medicine, Animals, Testosterone, Selection, Genetic, Research Articles, Progesterone, General Environmental Science, Analysis of Variance, Etiocholanolone, Sexual differentiation, Estradiol, General Immunology and Microbiology, Embryogenesis, Age Factors, Embryo, General Medicine, Egg Yolk, Phenotype, Endocrinology, Starlings, embryonic structures, Female, Chromatography, Thin Layer, General Agricultural and Biological Sciences, Metabolic Networks and Pathways, medicine.drug
Abstract

In birds, maternally derived yolk steroids are a proposed mechanism by which females can adjust individual offspring phenotype to prevailing conditions. However, when interests of mother and offspring differ, parent–offspring conflict will arise and embryonic interests, not those of the mother, should drive offspring response to maternal steroids in eggs. Because of this potential conflict, we investigated the ability of developing bird embryos to process maternally derived yolk steroids. We examined how progesterone, testosterone and oestradiol levels changed in both the yolk/albumen (YA) and the embryo of European starling eggs during the first 10 days of development. Next, we injected tritiated testosterone into eggs at oviposition to characterize potential metabolic pathways during development. Ether extractions separated organic and aqueous metabolites in both the embryo and YA homogenate, after which major steroid metabolites were identified. Results indicate that the concentrations of all three steroids declined during development in the YA homogenate. Exogenous testosterone was primarily metabolized to an aqueous form of etiocholanolone that remained in the YA. These results clearly demonstrate that embryos can modulate their local steroid environment, setting up the potential for parent–offspring conflict. Embryonic regulation must be considered when addressing the evolutionary consequences of maternal steroids in eggs.

Published
2010
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89. Temperature fluctuations affect offspring sex but not morphological, behavioral, or immunological traits in the Northern Painted Turtle (Chrysemys picta)

Author

Mikael C.N. Holgersson, Sandrine G. Clairardin, Rachel M. Bowden, Ryan T. Paitz, and Adam M. GriffinA.M. Griffin

Subjects
Ecology, Offspring, Zoology, Animal Science and Zoology, Biology, Painted turtle, biology.organism_classification, Affect (psychology), Behavioral or, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Selection (genetic algorithm), Evolutionary theory
Abstract

Evolutionary theory predicts that when phenotypic variation arises during development that differently influences the fitness of each sex, selection should favor the maternal ability to match offspring phenotype to the sex that incurs a fitness benefit from that phenotype. In reptiles with temperature-dependent sex determination, the temperatures experienced during incubation can influence numerous phenotypic parameters, including sex. To mimic more naturalistic conditions, this experiment examined how variation in temperature fluctuations affects offspring sex as well as a suite of phenotypic parameters having putative fitness consequences in the Northern Painted Turtle ( Chrysemys picta (Schneider, 1783)). We also characterized variation in natural nest temperatures, including the daily temperature range, related to the vegetation cover surrounding the nest. We found that temperature fluctuations did not affect hatchling morphology, immune response, or behavior, but did significantly affect offspring sex ratios. Thermal profiles of natural nests were related to the amount of surrounding vegetation. Results suggest that nest-site choice by females could influence the sex of their offspring, but we found no evidence that variation in temperature fluctuations adaptively matches offspring sex and phenotype.

Published
2010
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90. Young adults’ recollections of parental and nonparental childcare

Author

Laurie M. Williams, Melanie A. Ferrell, Erica K. Volpe, Jennifer L. Schwind, Jessica N. Young, Stacy F. Pavlik, Noam Shpancer, Morgan N. Robinson, and Jessica M. Bowden

Subjects
Child care, Social Psychology, Child rearing, Recall, Developmental and Educational Psychology, Context (language use), Emotional valence, Young adult, Psychology, Pediatrics, Paternal care, Developmental psychology
Abstract

From a sample of 419 college students, 750 written recollections were obtained regarding their parental and nonparental childcare experiences. Vignettes were sorted and coded according to five emerging themes: emotional valence, play, TV, educational activities and holidays/birthdays. Several significant differences were found in remembered experience between parental and nonparental care. Emotionally positive recollections were significantly more prevalent in parental care. Emotionally negative recollections were significantly more prevalent in nonparental care. In addition, within context, emotional parental care memories were more often positive while emotional nonparental care memories were more often negative. Regarding the other four themes, memories of educational activities, play, and holiday/birthday celebrations were more often related to parental care. There were no between‐context differences in rates of recall for TV – related memories. Across contexts, play memories were most prevalent.

Published
2010
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91. Progesterone metabolites, 'xenobiotic-sensing' nuclear receptors, and the metabolism of maternal steroids

Author

Ryan T. Paitz and Rachel M. Bowden

Subjects
Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Sex Differentiation, Placenta, medicine.medical_treatment, Embryonic Development, Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear, Biology, Xenobiotics, Steroid, chemistry.chemical_compound, Endocrinology, Pregnancy, Internal medicine, medicine, Animals, Humans, Progesterone, Sexual differentiation, Embryogenesis, Embryo, Metabolism, Metabolic pathway, Nuclear receptor, chemistry, Female, Steroids, Animal Science and Zoology, Oxidoreductases, Xenobiotic, Signal Transduction
Abstract

During development, embryos utilize steroid signals to direct sexual differentiation of tissues necessary for reproduction. Disruption of these signals by exogenous substances (both natural and synthetic) frequently produce phenotypic effects that can persist into adulthood and influence reproduction. This paper reviews the evidence that during embryonic development, progesterone metabolites and xenobiotic-sensing nuclear receptors may interact to increase the expression of numerous enzymes responsible for steroid metabolism in oviparous and placental amniotes. In these groups, embryonic development is characterized by (1) elevated progesterone concentrations, (2) 5 beta reduction being the primary metabolic pathway of progesterone, (3) the presence of xenobiotic-sensing nuclear receptors that can bind 5 beta metabolites of progesterone, and (4) increased expression of a suite of enzymes responsible for the metabolism of multiple steroids. We propose that xenobiotic-sensing nuclear receptors initially evolved to buffer the developing embryo from the potentially adverse effects of various maternal steroids on sexual differentiation.

Published
2010
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92. Temperature, phenotype, and the evolution of temperature-dependent sex determination: how do natural incubations compare to laboratory incubations?

Author

Amelia C. Gould, Ryan T. Paitz, Rachel M. Bowden, and Mikael C.N. Holgersson

Subjects
Male, Slider turtle, Offspring, Environment, Biology, Incubators, Genetics, Animals, Selection, Genetic, Incubation, Hatchling, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Ovum, Natural selection, Temperature-dependent sex determination, Mechanism (biology), Ecology, Temperature, Sex Determination Processes, Biological Evolution, Phenotype, Turtles, Evolutionary biology, Molecular Medicine, Female, Animal Science and Zoology, Illinois, Developmental Biology
Abstract

Phenotypic variation is a fundamental component of the process of evolution and understanding the factors that create this variation is critical to investigations of this process. We test the hypothesis that phenotypic variation created under natural incubation conditions will differ from that created under constant laboratory conditions in a reptile species with temperature-dependent sex determination (TSD), the red-eared slider turtle (Trachemys scripta). Using a split clutch design, we demonstrate that offspring morphology, behavior, and sex differed between hatchlings incubated in the field and those from the laboratory, but immune response did not. The interactions between different phenotypic parameters will ultimately determine how natural selection acts upon offspring, and consequently our data suggest that offspring developing under these differing conditions should have different fitnesses. The relationship between offspring sex and phenotype serves as the theoretical foundation on which most investigations into the evolution of TSD are built. Thus, it may be necessary to use natural incubation conditions to accurately examine how offspring sex relates to other phenotypic parameters if we are to understand the evolution of this sex determining mechanism.

Published
2010
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93. Phagocytic B cells in a reptile

Author

Laura A. Vogel, Kevin A. Edwards, Laura M. Zimmerman, and Rachel M. Bowden

Subjects
Physiology, Phagocytosis, Flow cytometry, law.invention, Confocal microscopy, law, biology.animal, medicine, Animals, B-Lymphocytes, Phagocytes, Microscopy, Confocal, Innate immune system, biology, medicine.diagnostic_test, Vertebrate, Biological evolution, Flow Cytometry, Biological Evolution, Agricultural and Biological Sciences (miscellaneous), Turtles, Cell biology, Trachemys scripta, Immunology, Illinois, General Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Abstract

Evidence for a developmental relationship between B cells and macrophages has led to the hypothesis that B cells evolved from a phagocytic predecessor. The recent identification of phagocytic IgM+ cells in fishes and amphibians supports this hypothesis, but raises the question of when, evolutionarily, was phagocytic capacity lost in B cells? To address this, leucocytes were isolated from red-eared sliders,Trachemys scripta, incubated with fluorescent beads and analysed using flow cytometry and confocal microscopy. Results indicate that red-eared slider B cells are able to ingest foreign particles and suggest that ectothermic vertebrates may use phagocytic B cells as part of a robust innate immune response.

Published
2009
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94. Coherent state representation for fermions

Author

Charles M. Bowden

Subjects
Condensed Matter::Quantum Gases, Physics, Field (physics), Operator (physics), Time evolution, Fermion, Condensed Matter Physics, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, Theoretical physics, Quantum mechanics, Phase space, Coherent states, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Glauber, Boson
Abstract

Fermion-like coherent states are obtained as projections from the Glauber coherent states for a boson field, and the two sets of states have an interesting correspondence. It is shown that because of the correspondence the equation of motion of the density operator for a fermion interacting with a radiation field maps into a classical-like transport equation in a hypothetical boson phase space. Besides being useful in the description of systems of fermions involved in cooperative phenomena, it is shown that the use of the continuous basis offers some unique advantages even for systems which are essentially Markovian. As an illustration, the method is applied to the description of the time evolution of a two-level atom interacting with a blackbody radiation field.

Published
2009
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95. Boundedness of linear operators in the space l2

Author

Charles M. Bowden

Subjects
Pure mathematics, Hilbert space, Rigged Hilbert space, Condensed Matter Physics, Compact operator, Quotient space (linear algebra), Operator space, Linear subspace, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, Energetic space, symbols.namesake, Hermitian adjoint, symbols, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Mathematics
Abstract

A necessary and sufficient condition for an operator to be bounded in a Hilbert space or a finite dimensional subspace of a Hubert space is derived explicitly in terms of the matrix elements of the matrix representation of the opeator. An identical condition for boundedness is shown to apply for the case of bilinear functionals in the space.

Published
2009
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96. Spin-1 formalism for transitions within a non-kramers doublet

Author

H. C. Meyer, C. M. Bowden, and P. L. Donoho

Subjects
Physics, Perturbation (astronomy), Spin hamiltonian, Condensed Matter Physics, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, Ion, law.invention, Magnetic field, Formalism (philosophy of mathematics), law, Quantum mechanics, Singlet state, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Electron paramagnetic resonance, Doublet state
Abstract

A spin Hamiltonian formalism for effective spin-1 is introduced for the purpose of describing EPR and UPR observations of transitions within a non-Kramers doublet, where the doublet is split in zero applied magnetic field due to perturbations of the crystalline field symmetry by local random strains. To second order in the perturbation due to the strain distributions, an asymmetric line shape is predicted with broadening to lower resonance magnetic field. This compares favorably with the results of experiments. The results of this formalism are compared with the widely used but purely phenomenological effective spin-1/2 formalism for non-Kramers ions, which does not have the proper symmetry under time reversal. The effect of mixing of a low lying singlet state into the states of the doublet, particularly in terms of the predicted line shape characteristics, is presented.

Published
2009
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97. Theory of the intrinsically strain broadened line shape for magnetic resonance absorption within the non-kramers doublet of Al2O3:Fe2+

Author

P. L. Donoho, C. M. Bowden, and H. C. Meyer

Subjects
Nuclear magnetic resonance, medicine.diagnostic_test, Condensed matter physics, Strain (chemistry), Chemistry, medicine, Magnetic resonance imaging, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Condensed Matter Physics, Absorption (electromagnetic radiation), Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, Line (formation)
Published
2009
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98. Dependence of the integrated magnetic resonance absorption on resonance frequency and crystal field perturbations for non-kramers doublets

Author

Charles M. Bowden

Subjects
Field (physics), Chemistry, business.industry, Resonance, Zero field splitting, Condensed Matter Physics, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, Square (algebra), Spectral line, Paramagnetism, Optics, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Atomic physics, business, Absorption (electromagnetic radiation), Line (formation)
Abstract

A model is derived for the frequency dependency of the magnetic resonance integrated absorption for non-Kramers doublets. On the basis of the model, a frequency squared dependency is predicted for the acoustical paramagnetic resonance (APR) integrated absorption which compares favorably with the results of experimental APR absorption data for CaF2:U4+. A transformation is derived from the spin-Hamiltonian which transforms the absorption line shape from that in field variation (H) to that in frequency variation (v). The transformation shows that the line shapes in the two cases are basically different when the absorption line is broadened by crystal field perturbations. The transformation gives the line shape in frequency variation, given the line shape in field variation. The model predicts that the integrated intensity in frequency variation is greater than that in field variation by a term proportional to the average value of the square of the crystal field perturbations. From the model the integrated APR absorption as a function of the square of the resonance frequency gives an intercept explicitly in terms of the zero field splitting between the states of the doublet. The slope gives the strength of the spin-phonon coupling.

Published
2009
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99. Rapid decline in the concentrations of three yolk steroids during development: Is it embryonic regulation?

Author

Ryan T. Paitz and Rachel M. Bowden

Subjects
Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Embryo, Nonmammalian, food.ingredient, Offspring, medicine.medical_treatment, Radioimmunoassay, Biology, Steroid, Endocrinology, food, Internal medicine, Yolk, medicine, Animals, Testosterone, Progesterone, Estradiol, Embryogenesis, Maternal effect, Embryonic stem cell, Turtles, Trachemys scripta, Female, Animal Science and Zoology
Abstract

Maternally derived yolk steroids have been found to elicit both short-term and long-term effects on offspring phenotype. Paradoxically, their effects can be strikingly specific given the often substantial concentrations present at oviposition, and they do not appear to uniformly affect all steroid-sensitive processes. To better understand the dynamics of yolk steroids across embryonic development, we quantified levels of progesterone, testosterone, and estradiol at 5-day intervals throughout development in eggs of the red-eared slider turtle (Trachemys scripta) incubated at both male- and female-producing temperatures. We also assessed the effect of season on yolk steroid levels. For all steroids assayed, the concentrations in yolk declined significantly by day 15 of embryonic development despite large differences in initial concentrations among steroids. We found that estradiol was the only steroid whose initial concentration varied significantly with season, while only the decline in testosterone was affected by incubation temperature. These findings illustrate the complex nature of yolk steroid dynamics and suggest that maternal steroids may be rapidly degraded or subject to embryonic processing, emphasizing the need for studies aimed at understanding the mechanisms through which yolk steroids may elicit their effects.

Published
2009
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100. Yolk testosterone and estradiol variation relative to clutch size, laying order and hatching asynchrony in Common Grackles

Author

J. Dylan Maddox, Rachel M. Bowden, and Patrick J. Weatherhead

Subjects
Avian clutch size, medicine.medical_specialty, food.ingredient, biology, Hatching, Offspring, Maternal effect, biology.organism_classification, Quiscalus, Animal science, food, Endocrinology, Internal medicine, Yolk, embryonic structures, medicine, Clutch, reproductive and urinary physiology, Testosterone
Abstract

Maternal effects are typically thought to enhance rather than reduce offspring performance, but asynchronous hatching (ASH) in birds typically produces a size hierarchy within a clutch that frequently reduces the growth and survival of nestlings from eggs that hatch later. Given that yolk steroids can significantly affect offspring phenotype and that in many species the levels of yolk steroids have been found to increase with laying order, the maternal transfer of steroids to egg yolk has been proposed as a mechanism for females to offset the deleterious effects of ASH. To test this hypothesis, we determined whether yolk steroids varied with laying order or clutch size in Common Grackles (Quiscalus quiscula). Because ASH varies with clutch size (hatching span averages 48 h in five-egg clutches, 24 h in four-egg clutches) and regularly results in the starvation of later hatched nestlings, we predicted: (1) testosterone and 17s-estradiol levels should increase with laying order in both clutch sizes to mitigate the negative effects of ASH on last-hatched nestlings, and (2) the increase should be greater in five-egg clutches due to more pronounced hatching asynchrony. Using a competitive-binding steroid radioimmunoassay, we found no systematic variation in either testosterone or estradiol levels relative to laying order or clutch size. In the absence of evidence that yolk steroids interact adaptively with ASH, research must look elsewhere for potential benefits that might compensate for the costs these steroids impose on nestlings.

Published
2008
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