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We report in this paper the case of female patient, hypertriglyceridemia associated with milky serum and hyperglycemia have been the alarm signal of a lupus-associated pancreatitis, the confirmation of this entity was done with elevated rate of serum lipase activity. It is about a 33 years age female. She has as unique antecedent a lupus diagnosed on January of the same. The patient was admitted on august 2013 for another episode of lupus associated to the lower lamb edema with a rate of C3 at 0.4 g/L (0.82-1,93) and C4 at 0.05 g/L (0.15-0.57). One day after the beginning of the corticotherapy, the patient presented hyperthermia, ataxis and behavior troubles, epigastric and articular pains and vomiting. Biochemical tests found hyperglycemia at 38.9 mmol/L (3.9-6.1), dyslipidemia with hypertriglyceridemia at 15.7 mmol/L (0.3-1.7) and total cholesterol rate at 5.2 mmol/L (

Iron oxide thin films were prepared by spray pyrolysis technique onto glass substrates from iron chloride solution. They were characterized by X-ray diffractometry (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and (UV–vis) spectroscopy. The films deposited at T s ≤ 450 °C were amorphous; while those produced at T sub = 500 °C were polycrystalline α-Fe 2 O 3 with a preferential orientation along the (1 0 4) direction. By observing scanning electron microscopy (SEM), it was seen that iron oxide films were relatively homogeneous uniform and had a good adherence to the glass substrates. The grain size was found (by RX) between 19 and 25 nm. The composition of these films was examined by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and electron probe microanalysis (EPMA). These films exhibited also a transmittance value about 80% in the visible and infrared range. The cyclic voltammetry study showed that the films of Fe 2 O 3 deposited on ITO pre-coated glass substrates were capable of charge insertion/extraction when immersed in an electrolyte of propylene carbonate (PC) with 0.5 M LiCLO 4 .

Temporal variations of phosphorus concentrations, bacterial abundance and activity of fractionated (i.e: size fractions: 0.22 to 0.65 microm; 0.65 to 100 microm and 0.22 to 100 microm) alkaline phosphatase (APA) were studied in situ in a benthic chamber placed in a station near urban inputs in the Sahela reservoir (Morocco) on September and October 98. Results show that low oxygen concentrations induced enhanced concentrations of orthophosphates, and bacterial numbers and APA activity reached their highest values. Anoxic conditions and the decrease of pH favour the dissolution of particulate phosphorus and the release of soluble reactive phosphorus. This release is accompanied simultaneously by an increase in the abundance of anaerobic bacteria and a progressive reduction in APA. Lastly, the release of phosphorus together with urban inputs from the city of Taounate should be considered as potential inducers of the eutrophication of the reservoir.

In this paper, zinc oxide (ZnO) and cerium-doped zinc oxide (ZnO:Ce) films were deposited by reactive chemical pulverization spray pyrolysis technique using zinc and cerium chlorides as precursors. The effects of Ce concentration on the structural and optical properties of ZnO thin films were investigated in detail. These films were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and photoluminescence (PL) measurements. All deposited ZnO layers at the temperature 450 °C are polycrystalline and indicate highly c-axis oriented structure. The dimension of crystallites depends on incorporation of Ce atoms into the ZnO films. The photoluminescence spectra of the films have been studied as a function of the deposition parameters such as doping concentrations and post grows annealing. Photoluminescence spectra were measured at the temperature range from 13 K to 320 K.

International audience; Fluctuations in total nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations and in the N/P ratio (i.e. in terms of mass) were measured at the entry and exit of the Sahela Reservoir (Morocco) throughout an annual cycle. Particulate N and P concentrations in sedimenting particles in the reservoir itself were also measured. The results obtained showed that the spring floods were a major source of N and P inputs, this being especially pronounced for phosphorus that was present mainly in particulate form. In all the compartments of the reservoir analysed, the N/P ratios were high (means between 81 and 314), especially in summer (the only season when the reservoir was emptied) when the supply of P was apparently limited by the drought. However, the values of this ratio in the sedimenting particles remained lower (mean = 21), at levels characteristic of natural communities. This implies that the reservoir's biological communities preferentially store phosphorus, no doubt to maximise their activity in an environment where a large proportion of this element is not bioavailable. Furthermore, it appeared that the quantity of particulate N and P sequestrated by the sediments and the total quantities of N and P leaving the reservoir were greater than the inputs of these nutrients, underlining the importance of lateral and internal nutrient supplies. One spot measurement, made in a single month, showed that nutrient release activity from the sediments was in fact quite considerable.

Physico-chemical properties of the binary system NaHSO4–KHSO4 were studied by calorimetry and conductivity. The enthalpy of mixing has been measured at 505 K in the full composition range and the phase diagram calculated. The phase diagram has also been constructed from phase transition temperatures obtained by conductivity for 10 different compositions and by differential thermal analysis. The phase diagram is of the simple eutectic type, where the eutectic is found to have the composition X(KHSO4) = 0.44 (melting point ≈ 406 K). The conductivities in the liquid region have been fitted to polynomials of the form κ(X) = A(X) + B(X)(T − Tm) + C(X)(T − Tm)2, where Tm is the intermediate temperature of the measured temperature range and X, the mole fraction of KHSO4. The possible role of this binary system as a catalyst solvent is also discussed.

In this paper, we study the structure of group rings by means of endomorphism rings of their modules. The main tools used here, are the subrings fixed by automorphisms and the converse of Schur's lemma. Some results are obtained on fixed subrings and on primary decomposition of group rings.

New derivatives of the spiro type of pyridazines have been synthesized by 1,3‐dipolar cycloaddition of N‐aryl‐C‐ethoxycarbonylnitrile imines with pyridazin‐3(2H)‐thiones. When the nitrile oxide was used, the corresponding pyridazin‐3(2H)‐one was obtained from the intermediate spirooxathiazole by elimination of isothiocyanate group. The peri‐ and regioselectivity of the reaction were ascertained by X‐ray analysis and 13C NMR spectroscopy of the cycloadducts 3–9.

If M is a simple module over a ring R, then, by Schur's Lemma, its endomorphism ring is a division ring. However, the converse of this property, which we called the CSL property, does not hold in general. The object of this article is to study this converse for a few classes of rings: left Noetherian rings, V-rings and group algebras. First, we establish that a left Noetherian ring R is a CSL ring if and only if a ring R is left–artinian and primary decomposable. Secondly, we prove that a left semiartinian V-ring is CSL. At last, we study the CSL property in group algebra K [ G ] where K a field algebraically closed of characteristic p and G is a finite group of order divisible by p. Our main contribution is that K [ G ] is a CSL ring if and only if Gbf = HP where H is a normal p′-subgroup and bfP a Sylow bfp-subgroup of bfG. In this case, K [ G ] is primary decomposable.

Les échanges de phosphore à l'interface eau-sédiment ont été étudiés dans la retenue Al Massira. La campagne de prélèvements a été menée pendant la faible oxygénation des eaux profondes au mois d'octobre 1991. Les mesures des échanges de phosphore ont été réalisées in situ en chambre benthique.Les valeurs de pH sont élevées et reflètent clairement l'influence de la nature géologique du bassin versant sur la composition chimique des eaux. Ce bassin versant, formé essentiellement de roches sédimentaires calcaires, est vraisemblablement à l'origine des concentrations élevées en calcium mesurées dans les chambres benthiques.En période de faible oxygénation, on note une augmentation des teneurs en phosphore particulaire dans les eaux surnageantes en raison de la présence de complexes calcium-phosphore, fer-phosphore et manganèse-phosphore. En période d'anoxie, la réduction de ces complexes est accompagnée d'une aug- mentation des teneurs en phosphore.La densité bactérienne et la concentration en phosphore total et notamment en orthophosphates suivent une évolution temporelle comparable. Une fraction non négligeable du phosphore particulaire serait liée aux bactéries.Des mesures drastiques de déphosphatation du tributaire Oum Errbia doivent être prises pour éviter la dissociation des complexes Ca, Fe, Mn-Phosphore et le relargage de phosphore biodisponible., Phosphorus exchange at the sediment-water interface was studied in the Al Massira reservoir. This reservoir, located on the Oum Errbia river, is the most important freshwater resource in Morocco. It provides drinking water to the whole population of Casablanca and contributes to farming and to the functioning of several industrial plants. Our investigations were made in October 1991 and coincided with low oxygen concentrations in the deep layers. The measurements of phosphorus exchange have been made in sitn with a benthic chamber device.The results showed that these exchanges were regulated by a combination ofthe physical chemical variability of the environment and the geological composition of the catchment basin.The pH, which permanently exceeded 7 in Massira, suggests that calcium-bound phosphorus was primarily CaHFO4. Moreover, given the high phosphonrs inputs into the reservoir (570 tonnes. year-1), and despite the fact that, as soon as it reached the reservoir, a large fraction of this element was associated with to calcium, it's likely that the Massira reservoir is subject to eutrophication.In low oxygenated deep layers, we observed an increase in particulate phosphorus concentrations of the overlying water, due to the simultaneous presence of calcium-phosphorus, iron-phosphorus and manganese-phosphorus forms. Under anoxic conditions, the reduction ofthese complexes resulted in an increase of phosphorus concentrations.Bacterial cell numbers and total phosphorus concentratioru showed a comparable temporal behaviour. This would suggest that attached bacteria contributed at least partially to the total particulate phosphoms concentrations.We suggest that a drastic control of phosphorus inputs into the waters must be done through a program of dephosphorylation of tributaries to avoid the dissocation of calcium-, iron-, manganese-bound phosphorus with release upwards of bioavailable phosphorus.

L'étude du métabolisme des populations microphytobenthiques par le biais des principaux constituants cellulaires à savoir les glucides, les protéines et les lipides a été réalisée du mois d'août 1996 au mois de juillet 1997 au sein du réservoir Allal El Fassi, situé sous climat semi-aride.Les résultats issus d'un échantillonnage sur substrats artificiels permettent de montrer que :- la température, l'oxygène, l'azote et le phosphore influencent l'orientation métabolique des populations microphytobenthiques ;- les plus fortes concentrations en glucides, en protéines et en lipides correspondent à des populations estivales ;- les lipides sont susceptibles de fournir une estimation satisfaisante de la biomasse microphytobenthiques ;- le métabolisme du microphytobenthos s'oriente vers la synthèse préférentielle des protéines., Most of the works achieved so far in semi-arid lakes have been focused especially on the dynamics, structure and metabolic of phytoplankton. However, this issue has not been addressed in term of metabolic microphytobenthic cells activity. With an aim increasing the relative scientific knowledge relating to the functioning of lacustrian ecosystems in the Maghreb for which the data are still very fragmentary, special attention has been granted to the study of the microphytobenthos metabolism, by means of determining essential cellular constituents (carbohydrates, proteins and lipids) of the reservoir Allal El Fassi.The Allal El Fassi reservoir is about 47 km of Fez. It was built in 1992, and is 7 km long, 0.7 km wide and 34 m maximum depth. The reservoir is classed as mesotrophic and used for irrigation, recreation and to supply drinking water.The study was conducted between August 1996 and July 1997. Samples were taken vertically from the deepest point of the reservoir by means of a Van-Dorn sampler from seven depths: Near the surface, - 2 m, - 5 m, - 10 m, - 15 m, - 20 m and close to the bottom. The samples were analysed for physical, chemical and metabolism of Diatom. Analysis of Nitrogen and phosphate was done following Golterman method and oxygen dissolved by the Winkler method.Given the advantage that presents the artificial substrata (polyethylene leaves) for sample of periphyton, we have opted for the utilization of these substrata similar to these already used by WATANABE et al. (1988). These substrata are submerged during four weeks at different depths.The evaluation of the microphytobenthic biomass has been carried out according to the method of LOHMAN (1908) after enumerations to the microscope Olympus following the technique of LECLERCQ (1984).The dosage of the carbohydrates has been undertaken according to the method of MOAL et al. (1985), while concentrations of proteins have been determined according to the method of LOWRY (1951) and lipids have been extracted according to the method chloroform/methanol.The results show that microphytobenthic biomass presents important fluctuations since extreme values are respectively 0.25·104 µg·cm-2 and 14.95·104 µg·cm-z.Carbohydrates and lipids concentrations (mean=4.52 µg·cm-z and 2.27 µg·cm-z, respectively) are clearly less high than those of proteins (mean=81.84 µg·cm-2). This result indicates that the metabolism of the microphytobenthos of the Allal El Fassi reservoir is oriented towards the preferential protein synthesis. The vertical distribution of proteins, carbohydrates and lipids concentrations shows a well marked stratification, maximal concentrations generally recorded between 0 and 5 m. These high concentrations are attributed to the development of Niztchia, Navicula, Cymbella, Cyclotella, Melosira and Cocconeis.Proteins and carbohydrates concentrations were significantly correlated (r=0.84, p=0.01 at 0m and r=0.52, p=0.10 at 5 m). On the opposite, concentrations of lipids have no correlation neither with those of proteins, nor with those of the carbohydrates.The correlation between the lipids concentrations and the microphytobenthic biomass, is highly significant (r=0.48, p=0.10). This correlation results notably into the fact that lipids visualise well the evolution of the microphytobenthic biomass. However, no significant correlation was found between proteins, carbohydrates concentrations and biomass microphytobenthic.Many works prove the influences of some environmental factors namely light intensity and the temperature on the biochemical composition of the microphytobenthic. In this way, we observe that in period of high temperature, the synthesis of lipids is important. The positive correlation between temperature and lipids (r=0.48, p=0.10) support the observed increase in the concentrations of this variable with increasing temperature. Nevertheless, no significant correlation was found between proteins and carbohydrates concentrations and temperature, which suggests that the synthesis of these components is made independently from this factor. Oxygen dissolved and nitrogen intervene equally in the synthesis of lipids.

Les variations temporelles des concentrations en phosphore, celles des abondances bactériennes et de l'activité de la phosphatase alcaline (APA) ont été estimées in situ en chambre benthique placée en deux points du réservoir Sahela (Maroc) durant les mois de septembre et octobre 98. En période de faible oxygénation, nous avons enregistré des élévations relativement faibles des concentrations en orthophosphates (de 0,020 à 0,035 mg. l-1 au point 1 et 0,015 à 0,025 mg. l-1 au point 2) par rapport au phosphore total (0,080 à 0,100 mg. l-1 au point 1 et de 0,035 à 0,040 mg. l-1 au point 2). À cette période, les abondances bactériennes et l'APA montrent des valeurs maximales (8. 106 bact. ml-1 et 0,323 mmol.PNP l-1.h-1 au point 1 et 6.106 bact. ml-1 et 0,438 mmol.PNP l-1.h-1 au point 2 respectivement). L'apparition des conditions anoxiques et la diminution du pH favorisaient la dissolution du phosphore particulaire et la libération du phosphore réactif soluble. Cette libération s'accompagne d'une élévation des abondances de bactéries anaérobies (de 5.106 à 9,2. 106 bact. ml-1 au point 1 et de 3,8.106 à 7,2. 106 bact. ml-1 au point 2) et une diminution progressive d'APA (de 0,200 à 0,025 mmol.PNP l-1.h-1 au point 1 et de 0,125 à 0,077 mmol.PNP l-1.h-1 au point 2). Ce relargage du phosphore à partir du sédiment est accentué par les rejets domestiques et industriels de la ville de Taounate, ce qui accélère le processus d'eutrophisation de ce réservoir., Temporal variations of phosphorus concentrations, bacterial abundance and alkaline phosphatase activity (APA) were estimated in situ in a benthic chamber. The chamber used has a surface of 0.4m2 and a volume of 90 l ; it resembles those used in oceanography, with a tube connecting the interior of the chamber to the lake surface. The water in the chamber was permanently mixed by an electric agitation system. The chamber was placed at two points in the Sahela reservoir (Morocco). Point 1 was located near Guelta El Haila, a site that receives both domestic and industrial effluent, and point 2 was located in the centre of the reservoir. During the two incubations, eight samples were taken over 24 d in September and October 1998 from point 1, and seven samples were taken from point 2 over 29 d in October. After each sampling, an equal volume of water was injected into the chamber to avoid bubble formation.Under low dissolved oxygen concentrations in the benthic chamber, we noticed a relatively small elevation in orthophosphate concentrations (from 0.020 to 0.035 mg×L-1 at point 1 and from 0.015 to 0.025 mg×L-1 at point 2) in relation to total phosphorus (from 0.080 to 0.100 mg×L-1 and from 0.035 to 0.040 mg×L-1 at points 1 and 2 respectively). The low residual oxygenation of hypolimnic layer allowed the oxidation of iron, manganese and led to their binding to phosphorus released from the interstitial water. Dissociation of calcium-phosphorus complexes as a result of a pH decrease may have contributed to phosphorus release. The orthophosphate concentrations were relatively low, a situation that favours the synthesis of alkaline phosphatase by aerobic bacteria and facultative aerobic bacteria. In this period, the bacterial abundance and APA were comparable and showed the maximal values (8. 106 bact. ml-1 and 0.323 mmol. PNP l-1.h-1 (phosphate nitrophenol) in point 1 and 6. 106 bact. ml-1and 0.438 mmol. PNP l-1.h-1 in point 2 respectively). The lack of a significant correlation between total APA and bacterial abundance at the two sampling points is probably due to the decrease of aerobic bacteria followed by a repopulation with anaerobic bacteria. However, the relative contribution of two bacterial populations that have different sizes, as at points 1 and 2, showed that the majority of total APA was produced by bacteria that are attached to organic matter. Therefore we suggest that attached bacteria contribute more than free bacteria to APA production.The beginning of anoxic conditions and the decrease in pH favored the dissolution of particulate phosphorus and the liberation of reactive phosphorus. We noted an elevation in orthophosphate concentrations (from 0.035 to 0.050 mg×L-1 at point 1 and stabilised at 0.025 mg×L-1 at point 2) and total phosphorus (from 0.100 to 0.150 mg×L-1 at point 1 and from 0.040 to 0.050 mg×L-1 at point 2). This liberation followed an increase in anaerobic bacterial abundance (from 5×106 to 9.2×106 bact×mL-1 at point 1 and from 3.8×106 to 7.2×106 bact×mL-1 at point 2) and the progressive decrease in APA (from 0.200 to 0.025 mmol PNP L-1 ×h-1 at point 1 and from 0.125 to 0.077 mmol PNP L-1 ×h-1 at point 2). The anaerobic bacteria did not activate their alkaline phosphatase and the synthesis of their enzyme was progressively inhibited by a de-repression phenomenon caused by high phosphorus concentrations.We conclude that low oxygen and a decrease in pH favoured the release of phosphorus by dissolution of chemical complexes: calcium-phosphorus, iron-phosphorus, manganese-phosphorus and aluminium-phosphorus. This release is also the result of bacterial phosphatase activity to which fixed bacteria contributed the most. The release of phosphorus from water-sediment interface is further amplified by phosphate import from domestic and industrial waste waters originating from Taounate, which accelerates the eutrophication process in this reservoir.

L'impact du zooplancton métazoaire sur le phytoplancton et les protozoaires ciliés a été mesuré durant la période de juillet à décembre 1999 dans le réservoir Sahela sous climat méditerranéen semi-aride.Les expériences ont été réalisées à l'aide de chambres de diffusion immergées in situ pendant 7 heures en absence (chambres témoins) et en présence (chambres expérimentales) du zooplancton.Les résultats indiquent que la mortalité moyenne à 4 m des algues est de 0,13 + 0,03 h-1, et celle des protozoaires ciliés de 0,07 + 0,03 h-1. Cryptomonas ovata et Halteria grandinella ont subi la plus forte prédation, respectivement, 0,31 + 0,14 h-1 et 0,11 + 0,04 h-1 à 4 m. Toutefois, les algues de grande taille (Pediastrum sp, Ceratium hirundinella et Peridinium cinctum) n'ont été que très peu ou pas consommées., The Sahela reservoir, located in Taounate at 90 km from Fès, lying at an altitude of 325 m, was built to provide drinking water for the population of Taounate and to contribute to irrigate neighbouring farming perimeters.In order to assess the impact of metazoan zooplankton on phytoplankton and protozoan ciliates in the Sahela reservoir under semi-arid climate, we conducted experiments during the period from July to December 1999 at the deepest point in the lake (15 m).Sampling and measurements were carried out in diffusion chambers submerged in situ over a period of 7 h without (control chambers) and with (experimental chambers) zooplankton. During these experiments, counts were conducted on phytoplankton and ciliates to determine the abundance and the mortality of these organisms due to zooplankton in each diffusion chambers at t=0 and t=7 h incubation. The metazooplankton were counted and dry weight of each taxa was calculated.In summer the highest zooplankton biomass (150 µg·L-1) mainly composed of cyclopoid Tropocyclops prasinus, caused mortality of the small-sized ciliates, such as Halteria grandinella (0.10 h-1). In Autumn, the zooplankton biomass (75 µg·l-1), dominated by Daphnia longispina, induced a higher mortality for phytoplankton (0.10 h-1) than for ciliates (0.05 h-1). In Winter, the zooplankton biomass (100 µg·L-1), also represented by Daphnia longispina, had a low impact on ciliate mortality (< 0.02 h-1).The study showed that a heavy predation by the metazoan zooplankton was exerted on small-sized phytoplankton and ciliates and clearly demonstrated the relationships between protozoans and metazoan zooplankton to transfering the matter and energy in aquatic food webs.

L'activité de la phosphatase alcaline (APA) bactérienne et phytoplanctonique a été mesurée bimensuellement du mois de mars au mois de décembre 1998 au sein d'un réservoir mésotrophe situé dans une zone à climat semi-aride (Allal El Fassi, Maroc). Les résultats montrent que l'APA totale est importante (0,107-1,780 mmol PNP·l-1·h-1) et majoritairement d'origine bactérienne (> 60 %) au niveau de l'épilimnion, alors qu'elle est à dominance algale (> 58 %) dans le méta- et l'hypolimnion. L'absence de corrélation entre l'APA totale et les concentrations en orthophosphates suggère que l'hydrolyse par cette enzyme n'est pas significative dans le processus de régénération du phosphore dans ce réservoir. Par conséquent, l'APA ne pourrait pas être un indicateur fiable du déficit en phosphore dans le milieu., Bacterial and phytoplanktonic alkaline phosphatase activity (APA) was measured from march to December 1998 in the mesotrophic Allal El Fassi reservoir located in the semi-arid zone (Morocco). The total APA varied between 0.107-1.780 mmol PNP·L-1·h-1. In epilimnion, the bacterioplankton contributed significantly (> 60%) to total APA. In the meta and hypolimnion, the APA was predominantly algal (> 58%). No correlation between APA and orthophosphates indicate that the hydrolysis by this enzyme was not a significant process in recycling of phosphorus in Allal El Fassi reservoir. Consequently, the APA was not a valid test of phosphorus deficiency.

Dans le cadre de la recherche de substances naturelles antifongiques, nous avons teste l’effet fongitoxique in vitro (action fongicide et/ou fongistatique) de diverses huiles essentielles provenant de plantes aromatiques et medicinales marocaines. Les huiles essentielles extraites du thym (Thymus vulgaris L.), du romarin (Rosmarinus officinalis L.) et de la menthe pouliot (Mentha pulegium L.) ont ete testees vis-a-vis de differents dermatophytes responsables de mycoses humaines. Toutes exercent une activite antifongique sur l’ensemble des dermatophytes selectionnes. Pour valider nos resultats, nous avons evalue l’efficacite de ces huiles essentielles sur des rats Wistar experimentalement infectes. Ces experiences ont montre que l’huile de thym exerce un haut effet inhibiteur sur la croissance des dermatophytes in vitro. Les resultats obtenus suggerent que les huiles essentielles, par leur activite fongistatique et fongicide, pourront constituer une solution alternative interessante aux therapies habituelles en cas de mycoses superficielles.

Le trichobezoard, pathologie rare, est defini par la presence d’un corps etranger gastrique forme par des cheveux ou des fibres textiles.

Les variations verticales et saisonnieres de l'activite de la phosphatase alcaline (APA) des communautes microplanctoniques ont ete etudiees dans le lac reservoir mesotrophe Allai El Fassi, situe sur l'oued Sebou. Les echantillons ont ete collectes a differentes profondeurs au point le plus profond du lac, de mars a decembre 1998. Les resultats montrent que l'APA totale est exclusivement associee a la fraction de taille 0,22-100 μm dont les valeurs moyennes sont comprises entre 0,107 et 1,780 mmol PNP 1-1 h-1 . La fraction dissoute (< 0,22 μm) ne presente aucune activite liee a cette enzyme. Au niveau des couches superficielles, plus de 60 % de l'APA totale sont correles a la fraction de taille 0,22-0,65 μm a majorite bacterienne. Cependant, avec la profondeur, l'APA est plutot associee a la fraction de taille 0,65-100 μm a dominance phytoplanctonique (> 58 % de l'APA totale). Cette activite liee aux algues est significativement correlee avec la densite phytoplanctonique et avec les concentrations de la chlorophylle a. L'absence de correlation significative entre l'APA et les teneurs en phosphore total et orthophosphates suggere une independance entre l'APA et les orthophosphates.

Vitamin B12 deficiency should be suspected in all patients with unexplained anemia and/or neuropsychiatric symptoms, and special attention should be paid to patients at risk (the elderly, vegetarians, patients with autoimmune thyroiditis or vitiligo, patients receiving proton pump inhibitors or biguanides for prolonged periods). Documented symptomatic pancytopenia related to cobalamin deficiency is very rare representing less than 5% cases in different series. We aim to report an important series of pancytopenia related to cobalamin deficiency to analyze the clinical, biological and outcomes of those patients. Methods : Consecutive patients presented with B12 deficiency and pancytopenia were included. Charts were retrospectively reviewed from an internal medicine department during a period of 15 years (2000-2015). Diagnosis of cobalamine deficiency used the vitamin B12 dosage bellow 200 pg/ml. Assessment included clinical features, blood count and morphological review and a statistical analysis of those parameters comparing pancytopenic and non-pancytopenic patients. Results The medical records of 268 consecutive patients hospitalized for cobalamin deficiency from January 2000 to December 2015 were identified and retrospectively analyzed. Among them, 104 patients had pancytopenia (38.8%). The median age was 55+17 years and the sex ratio : 1. Pancytopenia revealed vitamin B12 deficiency in all cases. Neurological manifestations were associated in 13 cases and digestive involvement in 16 cases. Twenty five patients presented with febrile neutropenia. Fourteen patients (13.4%) presented with "pseudo" thrombotic microangiopathy. The mean hemoglobin level was 58+19 g/L, the neurtophils count was 1188+579/µl and median platelets count was 69.616+34.379/µl. Macrocytosis was present in 80.7% of patient with mean MCV was 106+11 fl, but was normal ( The causes of B12 vitamin deficiency were mainly food cobalamin malabsorption (63.4%) and pernicious anemia (28.8%). Correction of the hematological abnormalities was achieved in all patients treated with either intramuscular, subcutaneous or oral cyanocobalamin. Significant differences appears comparing patients with or without pancytopenia. Pancytopenic patients had significantly lower MCV mean (p=0.001), lower polynuclear neutrophils count and lower platelets count. Atrophic gastritis was also significantly associated with pancytopenia (p=0.005). There was no significant difference in mean haemoglobin level (p=0.3), serum cobalamin level (p=0.17). Looking at other variables that could explain the high prevalence of pancytopenia in our series, there were no difference in ferritinemia level or number of patients with of iron deficiency . Conclusion In this study, based a single institution with a large number of consecutive patients with well-documented cobalamin deficiency, we found a high prevalence (38,8%) of severe pancytopenia. We don't find yet an explanation for those findings. Those results can also remind us that severe vitamin B12 deficiency may present with findings mimicking malign hematologic disorder and timely recognition and supplementation lead to resolution of symptoms and blood abnormalities. Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

With a fully automated high temperature calorimeter, the enthalpy of formation of the ternary liquid system [In–Sn–Zn] has been measured at about Te=713 K, over a large molar fraction range. From the enthalpy of formation of the binary liquid systems [In–Zn], [Sn–Zn] and [In–Sn] previously published, the ternary enthalpies of formation have been estimated by using several well-known relations. Calculated and experimental results have been compared.

La Malakoplakie est une affection inflammatoire chronique qui a surtout ete decrite au niveau de l’appareil genito-urinaire. Nous rapportons le cas d’un patient âge de 41 ans, en mauvais etat general, ayant presente depuis plusieurs annees une diarrhee chronique mise sur le compte d’une colopathie fonctionnelle. Le reste de l’examen clinique etait sans particularite et le bilan biologique montrait essentiellement une baisse moderee du fer serique. La coloscopie met en evidence la presence de polypes et pseudo-polypes, d’ulcerations et de pseudo-tumeurs dissemines au niveau de tout le cadre colique. L’examen histopathologique des multiples biopsies prelevees au niveau de ces differentes lesions revelaient une infiltration du chorion par des nappes constituees d’histiocytes macrophages abritant des corps de Michaelis Gutmann Von Kossa faiblement positifs et PAS fortement positifs. L’etude immuno-histochimique utilisant l’anticorps anti-CD68 montrait un immuno-marquage cytoplasmique au niveau de quelques histiocytes. Ces resultats confortent l’une des theories histopathogeniques de l’affection qui serait essentiellement due a une infection par une souche non-specifique d’Escherichia coli et pourrait etre secondaire a un defaut d’activite enzymatique phagocytaire des histiocytes. Le patient a tres bien repondu au traitement par la ciprofloxacine. Il est actuellement sous surveillance reguliere et beneficiera eventuellement d’une coloscopie de controle. Les examens endoscopique et histopathologique ont donc ete indispensables dans le diagnostic de cette affection qui a bien evolue sous traitement medical, ce qui a permis au patient de reprendre une vie normale.

The diel changes of the biochemical composition of the phytoplankton were studied in the Idriss first reservoir (located on the Inaouen river at thirty Km from the city of Fes, Morrocco) during September 1994. Several biomass and metabolic indicators (proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, chlorophyll a and primary production) were assessed every fourth hour over tow days (7, 8 and 9 September). Since the Protein/Carbohydrates ratio (P/C) is largely recognised as a good integrator of the metabolic functions of the cells, we examined its distribution pattern concomitantly with aforementioned parameters. The results demonstrated enhanced P/C ratios clearly indicating that nutrients were sufficiently available for growth. In addition, this index showed a diel significant variation with levels higher in the night than in the day. Moreover, these results suggest that phytoplankton species during the night used the day-synthesised carbohydrates to insure the cell metabolic functioning. The P/C presents relatively high values in proposition to the ones that have been recorded in temperate regions, and seems to be related to azotic inputs of the Inaouen river.

Resume Introduction La thrombocytemie essentielle (TE) est un syndrome myeloproliferatif qui se complique rarement de thrombose veineuse cerebrale (TVC). Observation Nous rapportons l’observation d’une patiente de 20 ans, sans antecedents pathologiques particuliers, admise pour un syndrome d’hypertension intracrânienne evoluant depuis quatre mois, associe a une baisse bilaterale de l’acuite visuelle. L’examen a l’admission revela un œdeme papillaire (stade II), et l’absence de signes neurologiques focaux. L’IRM et l’angio IRM montrerent une thrombose du sinus longitudinal superieur et du sinus lateral droit. Le bilan etiologique revela une TE. Un traitement antioedemateux et anticoagulant fut instaure. Par la suite un traitement cyto-reducteur a visee etiologique fut entrepris. L’evolution fut marquee par la persistance de troubles visuels severes en rapport avec une atrophie optique sequellaire. Discussion Parmi les etiologies des TVC, la TE constitue une cause rare. Les auteurs abordent les mecanismes physiopathologiques, les modalites therapeutiques et l’evolution de ces TVC secondaire a une TE. Conclusion Les manifestations thrombotiques de ce syndrome sont constituees par les accidents ischemiques cerebraux et notamment les accidents ischemiques transitoires. Les observations de TVC sont beaucoup plus rares.

By differential thermal analysis (DTA) and potentiometry, a part of the Ag–Bi–In ternary system (with 0

Introduction L’OMS avait fixe l’elimination de la lepre comme probleme de sante publique en 2005, date a laquelle la prevalence devait etre inferieure a 1/10 000 habitants dans tous les pays du monde. Cette elimination n’a pas encore ete obtenue, dans ce cadre nous rapportons le cas d’une uveite d’origine lepromateuse. Observation Il s’agit d’une patiente de 46 ans, traitee pour lepre lepromateuse en 1994 pendant deux ans, hospitalisee pour prise en charge d’une baisse progressive de l’acuite visuelle de l’œil gauche puis de l’œil droit associee a une deformation recente des deux mains. L’examen ophtalmologique etait en faveur d’une uveite anterieure granulomateuse synechiante sur 360° avec une cataracte bilaterale. L’examen general trouvait des mains en griffe cubital (main des singes), une alopecie des sourcils et une hypertrophie bilaterale et symetrique du nerf cubital sans lesions cutanees associees. La recherche de mycobacterium leprae dans le mucus nasal etait negative et la biopsie nerveuse n’etait pas faisable vue les sequelles neurologiques possibles. Un bilan etiologique exhaustif d’une uveite granulomateuse etait realise revenu negatif. Devant les signes cliniques et ophtalmologiques tres evocateurs, le diagnostic d’une uveite lepromateuse etait retenu et la patiente etait mise sous corticotherapie locale et generale. Elle a beneficie de seances de laser et adressee au centre specialise pour traitement antibiotique. L’evolution ophtalmologique etait rapidement favorable. Conclusion La lepre est une maladie chronique tres lentement evolutive. Les manifestations varient principalement selon le statut immunitaire du patient. L’œil est atteint dans 5 a 95 % des cas. La cecite survient chez 5 a 15 % de ces patients. Les quatre causes principales responsables de cecite sont : la lagophtalmie, l’anesthesie corneenne, l’iridocyclite et la cataracte. L’incidence des uveites varie de 5 a 63 % selon la population etudiee et l’exhaustivite de l’examen. L’uveite anterieure aigue est rare. A l’inverse, l’uveite chronique, forme la plus frequente dans la lepre, est peu ou pas symptomatique et entraine de nombreuses complications oculaires responsables d’une baisse definitive de l’acuite visuelle severe. Le traitement repose sur le traitement specifique de l’uveite (corticoides) associe a une polychimiotherapie.

Introduction La pancreatite est une complication rare, potentiellement grave au cours du lupus systemique et exceptionnellement revelatrice. Sa pathogenie est multifactorielle, la vascularite du tractus gastro-intestinal represente le mecanisme le plus communement evoque. Il s’agit d’une etude monocentrique retrospective descriptive portant sur les patients atteints de lupus erythemateux systemique au sein du service de medecine interne du CHU de Rabat entre janvier 1990 et janvier 2014. Les patients repondent aux criteres de l’ACR. Le diagnostic de pancreatite lupique a ete retenu en l’absence d’autre cause de pancreatite : lithiase biliaire, toxique (medicaments ou intoxication ethylique), traumatique et neoplasique. Patients et methodes L’etude a repertorie 8 cas de pancreatite lupique dont 1 homme et 7 femmes. L’âge moyen etait de 27,2 ans avec des extremes allant de 16 a 39 ans. L’atteinte pancreatique etait revelatrice chez un cas, concomitante au diagnostic de lupus dans 5 cas et observee au cours de l’evolution chez les 2 autres apres un delai d’evolution de la maladie lupique de 15 mois (extremes : 6–24 mois). Dans tous les cas, les patients se plaignaient de douleurs abdominales et de vomissements. Les enzymes pancreatiques etaient augmentees avec des valeurs variant entre 6 et 20 fois la normale. La tomodensitometrie abdominale a montre une pancreatite stade A dans 1 cas, stade B dans 2 cas, stade D dans 1 cas et stade E dans 3 cas. L’episode de pancreatite etait, dans tous les cas, associe a d’autres manifestations viscerales. Les principales manifestations cliniques associees etaient de la fievre chez trois patients, des signes articulaires chez tous les cas, une atteinte cutanee chez 7 patientes, une atteinte renale chez deux patients (glomerulonephrite classe IV chez une patiente et une insuffisance renale chez un patient), une atteinte pleuropulmonaire chez 3 patients, une atteinte cardiaque chez deux cas, des manifestations neuropsychiatriques chez 5 patientes (myelite dans 1 cas, vascularite cerebrale dans 2 cas et des troubles psychotiques dans 2 cas). L’atteinte hematologique etait presente chez tous les cas avec une anemie hemolytique auto-immune chez 2 patientes, une leucopenie chez 2 autres, une lymphopenie chez 4 patients et une thrombopenie chez 1 patient. Resultats Tous les patients ont ete traites avec des bolus de methyl-prednisolone 15 mg/kg/j relaye par prednisone 1 mg/kg/j, cures d’immunoglobulines polyvalentes chez une patiente et du cyclophosphamides IV chez 5 patientes. L’evolution etait favorable dans six cas, aucune rechute n’a ete notee. Un patient est decede du fait de la gravite de l’atteinte pancreatite et une autre patiente est decedee par un choc septique surajoute. Dans notre etude, tous nos patients avaient un lupus actif et le SLEDAI variait de 21 a 37. Conclusion Ces observations illustrent la gravite de la pancreatite au cours du lupus systemique. Il s’agit d’une manifestation rare qui merite d’etre diagnostique precocement par le clinicien afin d’en ameliorer le pronostic.

Introduction Une anemie hemolytique avec thrombopenie et la presence de schizocytoses au frottis peuvent etre trouvees dans une hypovitaminose B12, mimant une microangiopathie thrombotique (MAT). L’objectif de ce travail est de mettre en exergue les caracteristiques et les facteurs de risques de la pseudo microangiopathie thrombotique compliquant une carence en vitamine B12. Patients et methodes Etude retrospective menee au service de medecine interne du CHU Ibn Sina de Rabat, ayant porte sur les cas de pseudomicroangiopahie thrombotique compliquant une carence en cobalamine entre janvier 2000 et aout 2014. Les variables ont ete exprimees en valeur absolue et pourcentage pour les valeurs qualitatives, en moyenne, en ecart type et valeur extreme pour les valeurs quantitatives. L’etude comparative a ete realisee par le test de Chi2 et le test de student en analyse unifactorielle. Une valeur p Resultats Sur un total de 206 patients suivis pour carence en cobalamine, 30 (14,5 %) cas de pseudo-MAT ont ete notes, 15 femmes et 15 hommes (M/F = 1), tous d’origine marocaine. Le delai de consultation etait de 6 mois [1–24]. L’âge median de ces patients etait de 57 ans ± 14 [24–85]. Tous les patients ont presente un syndrome anemique, un syndrome hemorragique etait note chez 5 (16,7 %) cas, une atteinte neurologique chez 7 (23 %) cas, et des troubles digestifs dans 14 (46,7 %) cas. L’hemoglobine etait de 7,8 g/dL ± 1,5 avec un VGM moyen a 106 FL ± 11,5 et des reticulocytes a 41 591/mm3 ± 23 942 ; une thrombopenie Le diagnostic d’une pseudo-MAT secondaire a la maladie de Biermer, etait retenu dans 28 (98 %) cas. Alors que dans 2 cas, un purpura thrombotique thrombocytopenique etait initialement evoque et traite avant de retenir le diagnostic de carence en cobalamine. Sur le plan therapeutique, tous les patients ont recu de la vitamine B12 en sous cutane. Par ailleurs, 13 (43,3 %) patients ont ete transfuses par des culots globulaires, deux patients ont recu des echanges plasmatiques, plasma frais congele et corticoides sans effet. L’evolution etait favorable dans tous les cas. La crise reticulocytaire est survenue le 9e jour (j5–j15) avec normalisation de l’hemogramme et du frottis sanguin. En analyse univariee, les facteurs de risque associes a la pseudo microangiopathie thrombotique en cas de carence de cobalamine sont : une thrombopenie a l’admission inferieure a 100 000/mm3 (p = 0,037), un taux de vit B12 inferieure a 90 ng/mL avec (p = 0,05) et des LDH superieure a 2500 UI/L (p = 0,04). Conclusion La pseudo-microangiopathie thrombotique est une forme grave et rare de la carence en vitamine B12. Elle merite d’etre connue par le clinicien. Son traitement simple permet d’eviter des therapeutiques couteuses et inutiles.

The purpose of this paper is to approximate the dynamics of a non-linear oscillator with multiple static equilibrium excited by a white noise. An approach based on asymptotic expansions of dynamical systems driven by weak random perturbations is introduced. To illustrate the method, the Duffing oscillator with two symmetric potential wells is considered. An equivalent locally linear oscillator, which provides a good approximation of the dynamics of the studied oscillator, is obtained. This last approximation can be considered as a local linearization.

Imazethapyr herbicide [5-ethyl-2-(4-isopropyl-4-methyl-5-oxo-2-imidazolin-2-yl) nicotinic acid] is widely used on agricultural field crops in Morocco. It is reported that soil properties largely enhance the sorption of the herbicide in soils, however understanding their impact in soils of Morocco is needed. The present article investigates the sorption behavior of imazethapyr herbicide toward six agricultural soils from Morocco in batch equilibrium experiments at pH 5 and evaluates the effect of the organic matter, the clay content, and the cation exchange capacity (CEC) on the sorption by applying simple and multiple linear regressions. Freundlich isotherm model described well the dynamic of imazethapyr sorption in all studied soils under the experimental conditions. The linear regressions showed significant differences between the soil properties and their impact on the sorption. While simple regression revealed strong positive correlations between the sorption and both the soil clay content ( R 2 = 0.91) and CEC ( R 2 = 0.92), the multiple regression revealed a noteworthy influence of soil organic matter when combined with clays. Our findings showed a weak adsorption of imazethapyr on the selected Moroccan soils, in addition to a potential role of clay minerals and CEC in the retention of the herbicide compared to the organic matter. The low adsorptive capacity of the Moroccan soils urges the necessity of minimizing herbicide application rates in agricultural regions to prevent environmental detrimental impacts.

This paper aims to determine a system of linear oscillators for which the spectrum of its stationary response is close to the spectrum of a given non-linear oscillator. A set of linear oscillators is obtained by performing the spectral factorization followed by a first ARMA identification. The non-linear oscillator is then approximated by an appropriate linear combination of these oscillators. Examples of some non-linear oscillators are approximated by using the proposed procedure. The results obtained are in good similarity with data obtained by Monte-Carlo simulations.

We first review basic equations of plasmonics in anisotropic media. We recall the origin of Maxwell’s gradient index fisheye lens. We then apply tools of transformation optics to the design of a cyclic concentrator and a variety of plasmonic carpet-cloaks. We further give a brief account of the discovery of spoof plasmon polaritons (SfPPs) by Pendry et al (2004 Science 305 847–8) 150 years after Maxwell invented the fisheye lens. Finally, we experimentally demonstrate a concept of a fisheye lens for SfPPs at microwave frequencies. We stress that perfect metal surfaces perforated with dielectrics offer a playground for moulding surface waves in many areas of physics

The steady planar Poiseuille flow generated by a constant external force is analyzed in the context of the nonlinear Bhatnagar–Gross–Krook kinetic equation for a gas of Maxwell molecules. An exact solution is found for a particular value of the force parameter. At a hydrodynamic level, the solution is characterized by a parabolic profile of the flow velocity with respect to a space variable scaled with the local collision frequency, a parabolic profile of the temperature with respect to the same variable, and a constant pressure. The (dimensionless) ratios between the quadratic coefficients and the external force are equal to 146 for the flow velocity and 65 for the temperature, as compared with the values 1/2 and 0, respectively, in the Navier–Stokes order. The fluxes of momentum and energy are explicitly evaluated. The anisotropy of the velocity distribution is made evident by the diagonal elements of the pressure tensor: Pyy/Pxx=0.031, Pzz/Pxx=0.081. Finally, the velocity distribution function is obtai...

International audience; Zinc oxide (ZnO) and zirconium doped zinc oxide (ZnO:Zr) thin films were deposited by reactive chemical pulverization spray pyrolysis technique on heated glass substrates at 500 °C using zinc and zirconium chlorides as precursors. Effects of zirconium doping agent and surface roughness on the nonlinear optical properties were investigated in detail using atomic force microscopy (AFM) and third harmonic generation (THG) technique. The best value of nonlinear optical susceptibility χ(3) was obtained from the doped films with less roughness. A strong third order nonlinear optical susceptibility χ(3) = 20.12 × 10−12 (esu) of the studied films was found for the 3% doped sample.

International audience; ABSTRACT Zinc oxide (ZnO) and erbium-doped zinc oxide (ZnO:Er) thin films were deposited on heated glass substrates using the spray pyrolysis technique. Third-order nonlinear-optical properties of the thin films have been investigated using the third harmonic generation (THG) at wavelength of 1064 nm in picosecond regime. The dependence of third-order nonlinear susceptibility and transmission characteristics on the thin films roughness has been evaluated. Third-order nonlinear optical susceptibility (χ(3)) values of the studied materials were in the remarkable range of 10−2 esu. The morphologic properties of the deposited films have been analyzed using x-ray diffraction (XRD) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) and the luminescence properties by cathodoluminescence (CL). A correlation between optical properties and structural properties is given.

L'adsorption de disilane sur Si(111) 7 x 7 dans la gamme de température 25-550 °C fait apparaître la formation des phases mono et dihydrure déjà observées avec les systèmes Si(111) : H et Si(111) : SiH4. La phase monohydrure Si-H est maximale à 350 °C et subsiste jusqu'à 550 °C. La phase dihydrure est très importante à température ambiante (TA), inexistante à partir de 250 °C et traduit la formation d'un polysilane de type (SiH 2)n. Une surface (111) de silicium, saturée en hydrogène ou disilane à 350 °C, est passivée vis-à-vis du disilane à TA. Pour obtenir la formation d'une phase dihydrure, il est nécessaire de casser la molécule de disilane ou d'hydrogène au contact d'un filament de tungstène porté à haute température. Par comparaison avec l'adsorption de disilane sur Ge(111), nous concluons, à partir de mesures XPS, qu'une partie au moins de la phase dihydrure résulte de la fixation de groupements SiH2.

We report results on the adsorption of hydrogen and disilane on Si(111) 7 × 7 and Ge(111) surfaces studied by ultraviolet and X-ray (XPS) photoemission spectroscopies. Samples were heated in the 20–500°C temperature range and exposed to low pressure (10 −5 torr) H and Si 2 H 6 doses in the 10 3 –10 5 L exposure range. Only characteristic signatures of mono- and dihydride phases are observed. Saturation of a silicon surface with Si 2 H 6 cannot be achieved at room temperature (RT) in contrast with experiments carried out in the same conditions with atomic hydrogen. Results suggest formation of a more or less amorphous polysilane. A Si(111) surface saturated at 300°C with monohydride phase cannot subsequently adsorb Si 2 H 6 at room temperature whereas further hydrogen adsorption is still possible through dihydride phase formation. Dihydride phase formation is possible by disilane cracking at a hot tungsten filament. Disilane adsorption on a Ge(111) surface induces characteristic features of mono- and dihydride phases. No silicon deposit is evidenced by XPS at room temperature. Silicon deposition on the Ge(111) surface requires disilane cracking at a hot tungsten filament. Possible mechanisms explaining the observed results are discussed.

The multiple paragangliomas are rare tumours, with slow evolution, posing diagnostic and therapeutic problems. The carotid and jugulo-tympanic localization are the most frequent, and the aortic localization is very infrequent. The association of two, three and four localization is possible in the multiple forms. These multiple localizations are more frequent in familial forms. Surgical removal is the first intention treatment of these tumours. In the multiple forms, the therapeutic strategy must be adapted to each case: usually, the intervention begins by the carotid localization. We report two cases of chemodectoma with multiple localizations. The first case is a 44 years-old woman, who presented a double localization: carotid (bilateral) and aortic (arch). The second case is a patient with a double aortic localization, carotid and aortic, associated to a tympano-jugular localization. Surgical treatment was performed for all these localization, except for the tympano-jugular localization, treated by embolization. The post-operative periods were uneventful. The first case had adjunctive radiotherapy.

Essential thrombocythemia (ET) is a myeloproliferative syndrome; cerebral venous thrombosis (CVT) is a rare complication.We report the case of a 20-year-old woman with an uneventful history who was admitted with intracranial hypertension syndrome which had developed over the last four months in association with bilateral decline of visual acuity. Physical examination at admission revealed stage II papilloedema and absence of any focal neurological signs. The brain MRI and the venous MRA showed a thrombosis involving the superior longitudinal sinus and the lateral sinus. The etiological analysis disclosed essential thrombocythemia (ET). The patient was given an antiedema and anticoagulant treatment. Later, an etiological cytoreductive therapy was initiated. Signs of intracranial hypertension regressed progressively with persistence of acute visual disorders associated with sequelar optical atrophy. Discussion. ET is a rare cause of CVT. Reports in the literature have discussed the mechanisms, the physiology, the therapeutic modalities and the clinical course of these CVTs secondarily to ET.Stroke, especially transient ischemic attack, is the usual thrombotic expression of myeloproliferative syndrome. CVT is much more exceptional.

Uterine carcinosarcoma (malignant mixed mullerian tumor) is uncommon. We report the case of a 17-year-old patient who complained of pelvic pain and abnormal genital bleeding, and had a voluminous hemorrhagic tumor protruding through the vaginal os. Hysterectomy was performed. The histopathologic and immunohistochemical evaluation led to the diagnosis of uterine carcinosarcoma. Adjuvant chemotherapy was given. In spite of the surgical treatment, the evolution was fatal with widespread metastases. From data of the literature, we discuss the diagnosis, histogenesis and treatment of this rare tumor.

Supraaortic angioplasty is often not feasible in patients with Takayasu's arteritis because of involvement of long segment of arteries. Consequently, the role of surgical treatment in the management of cerebral ischemia is important in this disease. The objective of this work is to specify the indications and surgical techniques in lesions of arteries to the head in this disease and to report our experience.Seven patients with cervical arterial lesions due to Takayasu's arteritis were treated by bypass surgery in the department of vascular surgery, Ibn-Sina hospital on one period of 11 years.It is about 6 women and one man of middle age at the time of the diagnosis of 33,8 years. The revealing signs were essentially of neurological and ocular order. Six of our patients were in inflammatory thrust at the time of the diagnosis, and required a medical treatment first to basis of corticosteroids. Bypasses from the ascending aorta to the carotid artery were performed in six cases. In one case, the bypass was performed between the brachiocephalic artery and common carotid artery. A death in relation with a cerebral hemorrhage occurred 2 days after the revascularisation. A clean improvement of the functional signs was noted among 3 patients, whereas the improvement was partial at two other. A secondary thrombosis of the bypass surgery occurred in 3 cases.The natural history of Takayasu's arteritis and its evolution is badly known. The operative indications must not rest solely on the only anatomical balance, but based on a bundle of arguments in which, the assessment of the cerebral blood flow would be useful. Cerebral hyperperfusion syndrom constitutes a major risk that can be reduced by staged revascularisations.

Introduction La maladie de Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada (VKH) est une uveo-meningite bilaterale d’origine auto-immune qui survient sur un terrain genetique particulier. Elle est caracterisee par l’association variable de signes oculaires anterieurs et/ou posterieurs et d’atteintes extra-oculaires meningees, auditives et cutanees. Patients et methodes Il s’agit d’une etude retrospective de 5 observations de patients atteints de syndrome de VKH diagnostique au service de Medecine Interne du centre hospitalo-universitaire de Rabat de janvier 2008 a juillet 2014. Resultats Cinq cas ont ete colliges sur une periode de 6 ans. Tous les malades repondaient aux criteres revises de l’American Uveitis Society. Quatre patients etaient de sexe feminin. L’âge moyen etait de 36 ans. L’atteinte oculaire, bilaterale dans tous les cas, se presentait surtout sous forme d’une panuveite avec decollement retinien sereux chez tous les patients. L’etude du liquide cephalorachidien etait en faveur d’une meningite lymphocytaire chez tous les malades. Deux patients presentaient une dysacousie et quatre avaient une atteinte cutanee representee par la poliose et le vitiligo. Sur le plan therapeutique, tous les patients ont recu une corticotherapie generale et immunosuppresseur a base de cyclophosphamide, entrainant une amelioration chez tous les patients. Conclusion Le syndrome de VKH est une affection severe mettant en jeu le pronostic fonctionnel visuel. Il faut savoir y penser devant toute uveite bilaterale qu’elle soit ou non associee a des signes neuro-meninges ou cutanes. Il s’agit d’une urgence therapeutique necessitant l’instauration d’un traitement precoce et agressif.

The malignant tumors of the inferior vena cava are rare. Their prognosis is bad. We report two cases of a 17-year-old and 46-year-old woman presenting the one an intimal sarcoma of the inferior vena cava and the other a metastatic of adenocarcinoma whose primary tumor was not identified. The aortic wall was invaded in both patients. The ureter repulsed in first case, was invaded in second case. The treatment consisted on resection of the tumor including the aortic wall with vein closure in both patients, with right nephrectomy in second patient. In the two cases, a prosthetic reconstruction of the arterial integrity was attempted with aortobiiliac bypass. The two patients died after relapse tumorous to the 6th month in first patient and by multisystem organ failure 5th day post-operative in second. Through these two personal cases, we try to point out the difficult problem of diagnosis that put these tumors and their bad prognosis despite an improvement of treatment.

Behçet's disease is an uncommon systemic process generally developing during the third or fourth decade of life. Recurrent inflammatory lesions are characteristic. Cardiovascular involvement, which may be arterial or venous, is rare but with particularly severe prognosis. Four cases of abdominal aortic aneurysm are reported. One patient underwent emergency surgery for acute rupture. All patients were male, age range 29-45 years, mean age 36.5 years. Three patients were followed for Behçet's disease. Surgical revascularization was performed in all four patients, mainly with prosthetic grafts, one with patch aortoplasty. The postoperative period was complicated by paraplegia and thrombosis of the prosthetic graft in the patient who underwent emergency surgery. On the basis of these cases and cases reported in the literature, it can be concluded that morbidity and mortality are high because of the etiology underlying vascular involvement in Behçet's disease.

International audience; The aim of this study was to evaluate the presence of type-II secretory phospholipase A2 (sPLA2-IIA) in alveolar space and its possible role in the destruction of surfactant in three rat models of acute lung injury. Alveolar instillation of either lipopolysaccaride or live Pseudomonas aeruginosa resulted in a significant increase in lung oedema and in a decrease in static compliance of the respiratory system together with alveolar-neutrophil influx as compared with healthy control rats. The upregulation of messenger ribonucleic acid and sPLA2-IIA by the lung was evident. This was associated with surfactant degradation and a decrease in large:small ratio of surfactant aggregates in bacteria-instilled rats. A negative correlation between compliance and sPLA2-IIA activity in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid was shown. By contrast, during alpha naphthylthiourea-induced injury, neither alveolar-neutrophil influx nor increase in sPLA2-IIA activity was observed. Additional experiments in rats treated with a specific inhibitor of type-II secretory phospholipase A2 activity (3 acetamine-1-benzyl-2 ethylindolyl-5 oxy; propane phosphonic acid (LY311727)) demonstrated no improvement in physiological parameters despite a biochemical effect, suggesting that its activity is only one of the multiple factors involved in the pathophysiology of lung injury.

L'abondance des communautés bactériennes et phytoplanctoniques et l'activité bactérivore des phytoflagellés ont été mesurées à différentes profondeurs de mars à décembre 1998, dans une retenue de barrage (Allal El Fassi, Maroc). L'abondance des communautés bactériennes, essentiellement constituées de cellules libres de forme sphérique, a fluctué de 1,0 à 9,8·106 cellules·mL-1. À toutes les profondeurs, les plus fortes valeurs ont été mesurées au printemps, avec la mise en place de la stratification thermique et le développement de la diatomée centrique Cyclotella oceallata. Le nombre de bactéries baisse de manière notable en été et augmente légèrement au cours de l'automne, alors que deux Chrysophycées (Dinobryon sertularia et D. cylindricum) dominaient la communauté algale, accompagnées de deux Dinophycées (Peridinium cinctum et Ceratium hirundinella) et d'une Cryptophycée (Cryptomonas ovata). À l'aide d'expériences de broutage utilisant un traceur bactérien, nous avons pu mesurer une activité bactérivore chez les cinq espèces d'algues citées. L'impact de la prédation de l'ensemble de cette communauté de phytoflagellés mixotrophes a varié de 1,2 à 357·104·bactéries·L-1 ·h-1, 81 % de cet impact étant lié à l'activité des deux Chrysophycées, contre seulement 12 % pour les deux Dinophycées et 7 % pour la Cryptophycée. L'ensemble des résultats acquis au cours de cette étude laissent donc supposer que le rôle des phytoflagellés mixotrophes est essentiel dans le fonctionnement du réseau trophique microbien du réservoir Allal El Fassi, notamment dans la régulation des peuplements bactériens se développant en automne., The numerical abundances of bacterial and phytoplanktonic cells and the bacterivorous activity from phytoflagellates were measured at different depths from march to December 1998 in the Allal El Fassi Reservoir (Morocco). Bacterial community was dominated by free-living spherical cells. Their abundance fluctuated from 1.0 to 9.8·106 cells·mL-1, with the highest values occuring in spring, coinciding with the beginning of the thermal stratification and the bloom of the centric diatom Cyclotella oceallata. Bacterial number then decreased drastically in summer and increased slightly in autumn, when two chrysophytes (Dinobryon sertularia and D. cylindricum) dominated the algal community, accompagnied by two dinoflagellates (Peridinium cinctum and Ceratium hirundinella) and by the cryptophyte Cryptomonas ovata. Grazing experiments using bacterial tracers indicated that these five algal species were exhibiting a bacterivorous activity. The impact of predation from these mixotrophic community varied from 1.2 to 357·104·bacteria·L-1·h-1, about 81% of the impact being related to the activity of the two chrysophytes, vs 12% for the two dinoflagellates and 7% for the cryptophyte. We conclude that mixotrophic phytoflagellates play a significant role in the functioning of the microbial food web in the Allal El Fassi Reservoir, primarily by controlling the bacterial development in autumn.

But de la presentation Rapporter le cas d’une diplegie laryngee revelant une tumeur sous glottique. Materiel et methodes Il s’agit d’un patient âge de 76 ans sans antecedents ethylotabagiques, qui s’est presente aux urgences pour une hemiplegie gauche d’installation brutale, avec une TDM cerebrale objectivant un accident vasculaire cerebral ischemique, l’evolution etait marquee par la regression de l’impotence fonctionnelle avec l’apparition d’une dyspnee laryngee aigue. Resultats Une nasofibroscopie a ete faite objectivant une diplegie laryngee en adduction sans tumeur visible. Une tracheotomie etait faite en urgence. Le patient a beneficie d’une IRM cerebrale ayant objective un AVC du tronc cerebral n’expliquant pas la diplegie laryngee. Une TDM cervicale avait objective objectivant une tumeur sous glottique. Une laryngoscopie directe avec biopsie a mis en evidence un carcinome epidermoide du larynx classe T3NOM0. Le traitement a consiste en une laryngectomie totale avec curage ganglionnaire bilaterale, avec complement de radiotherapie. L’evolution etait bonne avec un recul de 4 mois. Conclusion La paralysie laryngee releve d’une enquete etiologique rigoureuse afin de deceler une cause latente notamment tumorale.

Hepatic expression of cytochrome P450 2A6 (CYP2A6) varies widely in humans and is induced during hepatitis; however, the mechanism regulating CYP2A6 has not been established. The murine orthologue Cyp2a5 is regulated post-transcriptionally by mRNA stabilization. A 43-kDa protein that binds to the 3'-untranslated region (3'-UTR) of Cyp2a5 mRNA has been identified, but its role in mRNA stabilization is unclear. We hypothesized that similar interactions occur between cytosolic proteins in human liver and CYP2A6 3'-UTR mRNA. We identified, by RNA electrophoretic mobility shift assay, an hepatic cytosolic protein that binds specifically to sequences in the 3'-UTR of CYP2A6. Complexes did not form with denatured proteins and were eliminated with proteinase K digestion. Complex formation was inhibited with a molar excess of unlabeled CYP2A6 RNA but not by non-specific competitor RNA. Protein-mRNA interactions were not affected by probe denaturation, suggesting that RNA secondary structure is not essential for binding. UV cross-linking of complexes revealed RNA-binding proteins in both human and mouse liver cytosols with molecular masses of approximately 43 kDa. Using truncated RNA probes corresponding to various lengths of CYP2A6 mRNA, the protein-binding site was localized to a 50-nucleotide region between bases 1478 and 1527 of the 3'-UTR. Complex formation with hepatic cytosolic protein from four human subjects correlated with levels of hepatic CYP2A6 microsomal protein, suggesting a possible regulatory role. Further characterization of the RNA-binding protein, the primary binding site, and the influence of this interaction on CYP2A6 mRNA stability will help to elucidate the relevance of these findings to the post-transcriptional control of CYP2A6.

The receptors erbB-3 and erbB-4 are members of the type 1 tyrosine kinase receptor family which also comprises epidermal growth factor receptor (EGF-R) and erbB-2. ErbB-3 and erbB-4 receptors are known to bind a family of related proteins termed heregulins. In this study, we report differential expression of P185erbB-2, P160erbB-3 and P180erbB-4, and their ligand heregulin alpha, in normal bronchial epithelial, and non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) cell lines. Expression of P185erbB-2 and P160erbB-3 vary from very low to a high level in NSCLC cell lines and a low level in normal bronchial cells. In contrast, P180erbB-4 was detected only in NSCLC cell lines but not in normal bronchial cells. Heregulin alpha is expressed at intermediate levels in the normal and cancer cell lines studied. Immunoprecipitation, using antibodies to erbB-2, erbB-3 or erbB-4 receptors, coupled to phosphotyrosine Western blot analysis indicates that these three receptors are constitutively tyrosine phosphorylated in lung cancer cell lines, but only erbB-2 and erbB-3 are autophosphorylated in normal cells. These data suggest that constitutive activation of erbB-2, erbB-3 and erbB-4 receptors could be induced by heregulin alpha via an autocrine loop mechanism, and that the active forms of erbB-4 may cooperate with the other members of the EGF-receptor family in human lung carcinogenesis.