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Aim: Dermoscopic features of cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) have been well described; however, there are a few studies focused on the dermoscopic aspect of lip SCC. In this study, we aimed to identify dermoscopic findings of lower lip SCC. Materials and Methods: The clinical and histopathologic features, dermoscopic images, and demographic data of the patients with histologically approved lip SCC were retrospectively evaluated. Results: A total of 10 lesions were enrolled in the study. Milky red structureless background (100%) and keratin scale (100%) were present in all the lesions. Blood spots on thick keratin scale were observed in eight lesions. Seven lesions showed white structureless areas. Two lesions exhibited ulceration and one of the lesions had structureless brown pigmentation. The most common vascular pattern observed was polymorphous vascular pattern (60%). Conclusion: White and milky red structureless areas, blood spots on thick keratin scale, and polymorphous vascular pattern are the main dermoscopic clues to lip SCC. The presence of these findings should direct the clinician to the possibility of SCC. The dermoscopic findings observed may also reflect histological grade of the lesion.

Intravascular papillary endothelial hyperplasia is an unusual benign lesion of vascular origin. A 56-year-old man presented with a mass in the right side of the lower lip. Before visiting our hospital, he had undergone 3 surgical procedures for recurrence of the mass in a short period of time. Clinical examination revealed a painless, soft, elastic, dark purple obscure mass measuring 17 × 11 mm in the right lower lip. Ultrasonography and magnetic resonance imaging suggested a hemangioma-like lesion. The possibility of malignant transformation could not be ruled out because of the clinical course up to that point, even though it had been histopathologically diagnosed as hemangioma. The lesion was surgically resected and the defect was reconstructed using a vermilion advancement flap combined with a V-Y advancement flap. The histopathological diagnosis was intravascular papillary endothelial hyperplasia. The patient has had no symptoms or any evidence of recurrence in the 4 years since the operation. His postoperative progress has been favorable both functionally and aesthetically. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Leishmaniasis caused by Leishmania spp. is a vector-borne disease and transmitted by the Phlebotomus sand fly. Lip is an extremely rare site for this lesion. The lesion often begins as erythematous papules, and slowly enlarges and ulcerates. The diagnosis is usually based on clinical features and laboratory tests. Here, we reported a case of an isolated lesion of the leishmaniasis at the lower lip. The patient presented with an ulcerative lesion and initially not healed by conservative treatment such as antibiotics. Histopathological and smear examination confirmed the diagnosis. The isolated lesion of leishmaniasis at the lower lip is rare and often confusing, which challenges diagnosis. Clinicians should keep in mind about this isolated localised lesion as a differential diagnosis of chronic pathology of the lower lip so that delayed diagnosis and treatment can be avoided. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Schwannoma is a benign neoplasm that originates from the neural sheath of Schwann cells. Although extracranial schwannomas are commonly observed in the head and neck region, only 1% are found in the intraoral cavity. This article describes the first case in the Eastern Mediterranean region of a lower lip schwannoma in a 17-year-old male patient. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A mucocele is a benign cystic lesion containing clear fluid within a thin capsule, typically resulting from the disruption of minor salivary glands and leakage into surrounding tissues, most commonly on the lower lip. These lesions often arise due to traumatic injuries such as lip-sucking, biting, or trauma from orthodontic appliances. This study compares different surgical methods for mucocele removal in pediatric patients through three distinct cases. This study includes three pediatric cases of mucocele removal using different surgical methods. Case 1 involved a nine-year-old girl with a traumatic bite on the lower lip, treated with a traditional approach using a scalpel. The surgical excision resulted in adequate healing with no recurrence after six months. Case 2 described a 12-year-old boy with a lip-biting habit, who presented with a swelling on the lower left lip. He underwent diode laser treatment, which facilitated faster healing, minimal discomfort, and no scarring after 30 days. Case 3 involved a 14-year-old boy, also with a lip-biting habit, who had swelling on the lower left lip. Electrocautery was used for his treatment, resulting in minimal bleeding, effective healing after 21 days, and no recurrence at the six-month follow-up. These cases demonstrate the efficacy of different treatment modalities for mucocele removal in pediatric patients. Evaluations of pain, bleeding, and swelling indicated that minimally invasive methods like the diode laser offer significant benefits in patient comfort and recovery. These findings highlight the potential of minimally invasive techniques to enhance the management of mucoceles in pediatric patients, underscoring the need for further research to determine the long-term efficacy of various treatment modalities., Competing Interests: Human subjects: Consent was obtained or waived by all participants in this study. Conflicts of interest: In compliance with the ICMJE uniform disclosure form, all authors declare the following: Payment/services info: All authors have declared that no financial support was received from any organization for the submitted work. Financial relationships: All authors have declared that they have no financial relationships at present or within the previous three years with any organizations that might have an interest in the submitted work. Other relationships: All authors have declared that there are no other relationships or activities that could appear to have influenced the submitted work., (Copyright © 2024, Mukundan et al.)

Competing Interests: Disclosures: The authors disclose no financial or other conflicts of interest.

This article reports a 13-year-old boy with phenylketonuria and multiple superficial mucoceles on his lower lip. Phenylketonuria (PKU) is a serious and rare genetic disorder that affects the levels of amino acids such as phenylalanine in the body. If left untreated, PKU can negatively affect mental function and cause retardation. Patients with PKU receive less oral examination compared to the normal population. Mucoceles are lesions formed by the accumulation of mucous of salivary glands in soft tissue by blockage or extravasation. Local trauma has been identified as the main cause of mucoceles development. Superficial mucoceles are rare in the lower lip. These patients need close oral and maxillofacial examination to find problems, which may be related to their systemic problem. Micro-marsupialization is a conservative therapeutic approach for management of pediatric oral mucoceles. Management of trauma in patients with mental retardation is an important issue. Keywords: Mucocele; Phenylketonuria; Genetic disorder; lower lip; Salivary gland.

Lichen planus (LP) involving lips is a rare occurrence. It can occur isolated or with cutaneous or oral lesions. Clinical features include radiated streaks, lace-like papules, and erosions, usually confined to vermilion border. When isolated, it should be differentiated from cheilitis, discoid lupus erythematosus, and other ulcerative conditions. Herein, we report nine cases of LP involving lower lip, with persistent ulceration and crusting. Of the nine patients in our series, eight were females and one was male. Age varied from 25 to 44 years, and the average duration was 4 years. Cutaneous examination revealed diffuse involvement of the lower lip with ulceration, hemorrhagic crusting in eight and localized involvement in one. Biopsy was suggestive of LP with no dysplasia or malignancy. Treatment with topical corticosteroids, tacrolimus, sunscreens, and Hydroxy chloroquine has shown variable results with frequent relapses. Because lesions on the lips are highly susceptible to actinic changes and malignant transformation, these patients require regular and long-term follow-up.

Abstract Background Surgery in a prone position is necessary when access to posterior anatomical structures is needed. A procedure in this position is associated with complications such as injuries to the eyes, peripheral nerves, and pressure points and swelling of the tongue. We report a rare complication of isolated lower lip swelling following neck dissection in the prone position. Case presentation A 25-year-old male patient presented to the clinic with complaint of neck pain for the past 2 months. A cervical spine MRI was done which showed the presence of a cavernoma. C2 laminectomy was performed for resection of the tumor in prone position with the head fixed on a three-point Mayfield clamp. Postoperatively, isolated swelling of the lower lip was observed. The patient was managed conservatively. Conclusion Cervical spine surgeries done in prone positions carry an increased risk of postoperative vision loss and swellings including those of the oropharynx and in the periorbital region. Possible risk factors for such conditions include anemia, hypotension, long duration of surgery, and significant intraoperative hydration.

Abstract A 2‐year‐old girl developed three mucoceles on lower lip, probably due to her habit of rolling lower lip behind the maxillary anterior teeth. The spacing in the dentition and mechanical irritation from habitual lip biting may have caused the mucoceles. At 3 years after excision surgery, the patient remained recurrence‐free.

Objective: A prime component in an esthetic and pleasing appearance of face is the proportionate presence of different compositions of the face. The present study aimed to evaluate the association between facial index, facial form, lip size, and angulation of anterior teeth with periodontal phenotype in males and females. Materials and Methods: This cross‐sectional study included 100 consecutive periodontally healthy orthodontic patients equally divided based on gender in two groups. The facial parameters including the Facial index (FI), lip size, and Gingival thickness (GT) for maxillary and mandibular incisors were measured using a digital vernier calliper. Maxillary and mandibular incisors inclination was measured using cephalometric analysis. Results: Significant differences were observed among both the genders in terms of FI and facial forms, upper lip size, and angulations of mandibular anterior teeth and the periodontal phenotype. The GT was found to be strongly associated with the FI and mandibular anterior teeth angulation. Conclusion: The FI, and teeth inclinations are associated with the GT and shows sexual dimorphism. The evaluation of the periodontal phenotype and anthropometric parameters is essential during diagnosis and treatment planning for potential orthodontic patients and prediction of its influence on the periodontal tissues. Clinical Significance: The gingival thickness varies with the facial index, facial form, teeth inclination, and lip size and thereby can be used to predict the pros and cons of orthodontic treatment and the need for prior periodontal therapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Chondroid syringoma - also known as mixed tumor of the skin - is a benign skin tumor often occurring in the head and neck region, that usually presents as a slow growing well-defined swelling in adults, with occasional commitment of the lips. The aim of this study was to report an illustrative case of chondroid syringoma in the lower lip of a 43-year-old male patient from Brazil. Physical examination revealed an asymptomatic hardened swelling of normal coloration, measuring 3.0 cm, located at the transition between the skin and semi-mucosa of the lower lip. Under the clinical hypothesis of a salivary gland tumor, an excisional biopsy was performed under local anesthesia. After histopathologic examination the final diagnosis was of chondroid syringoma of the lower lip. There is no evidence of recurrence one year after surgical procedure. Clinicians should consider chondroid syringoma when evaluating well-defined swellings of the lower lip. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lipomas are commonly occurring benign tumors consisting of mature white adipocytes surrounded by a thin fibrous capsule. It is the most common type of soft tissue mesenchymal neoplasm. Angiofibrolipoma is a rare subtype of lipoma. The most common site of angiofibrolipoma is in the back, the neck, or the shoulders. Only a few cases have been reported to occur in the oral region. This article reports a case of a 34-year-old male patient with a chief complaint of a swelling in the lower lip for the past 2 years and was diagnosed as an angiofibrolipoma. A thorough search of the literature was carried out using Pubmed, Sciencedirect, Google Scholar, and Medline until 2018 using angiofibrolipoma as a keyword. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first case reported in the literature involving the lower lip.

Sialadenoma papilliferum (SP) is a rare intraoral neoplasm that superficially resembles any other papilloma. It mainly originates from the excretory ducts of minor salivary glands (MSGs). Despite the MSGs being widely distributed from the lips and nose up to the tonsils and bronchi, the handful number of SPs reported so far predominantly affected the palate; while many other locations remain relatively secluded. In here, we describe the clinical and pathological features of one such SP located at lower lip, a never been reported site in English literature.

Aim: Dermoscopic features of cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) have been well described; however, there are a few studies focused on the dermoscopic aspect of lip SCC. In this study, we aimed to identify dermoscopic findings of lower lip SCC. Materials and Methods: The clinical and histopathologic features, dermoscopic images, and demographic data of the patients with histologically approved lip SCC were retrospectively evaluated. Results: A total of 10 lesions were enrolled in the study. Milky red structureless background (100%) and keratin scale (100%) were present in all the lesions. Blood spots on thick keratin scale were observed in eight lesions. Seven lesions showed white structureless areas. Two lesions exhibited ulceration and one of the lesions had structureless brown pigmentation. The most common vascular pattern observed was polymorphous vascular pattern (60%). Conclusion: White and milky red structureless areas, blood spots on thick keratin scale, and polymorphous vascular pattern are the main dermoscopic clues to lip SCC. The presence of these findings should direct the clinician to the possibility of SCC. The dermoscopic findings observed may also reflect histological grade of the lesion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Squamous cell cancer involving most of the lower lip is a surgical challenge. • The Fujimori flap can be used in total lower lip reconstruction. • This local flap reconstruction resulted in oral continence and a reasonable esthetic outcome. Squamous cell carcinomas are the most common type of lower lip cancer. In cases where the tumour involves less than on third of the lower lip, direct suture maintains the physical appearance of a normal mouth with few adverse effects. Squamous cell carcinomas involving more than half or even most of the lower lip are not common. We report a successful case of complete lower lip reconstruction after recurrent squamous cell carcinoma involving most of the lower lip by use of bilateral Fujimori technique. We present a case of full-thickness squamous cell cancer located to the vermillion border initially, but progressing rapidly in two months during radiotherapy to a state in which most of the lower lip, including the angles of the mouth, were affected. Surgical management ensuring a functional and aesthetic acceptable outcome is a challenge in patients with large tumours including all of the lower lip. Several methods for reconstruction of the entire lower lip are discussed. Bilateral Fujimori one-stage flaps can be used in cases of squamous cell carcinomas involving most of the lower lip, including the commissures of the mouth. A limitation of the method is an eventual lack of local tissue when preparing the flap. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: The aim is to study the different patterns and uniqueness of the lip prints in relation to gender significance. Objective: The present study is to analyze the different patterns, uniqueness in different individual on the basis of lip prints. Materials and Methods: The study was conducted among 50 individuals of Saveetha Dental College, in 25 females and 25 males in the age of 15-20 were included in the study. The lip prints were taken on the individuals without having any lesions on their lips and who are sensitive to the lipstick are excluded in this study. The prints were analyzed and data were expressed as graph bar. Results: The present study has observed that patterns of lip prints were differ between individuals to individual. Conclusion: The present study thus concluded that the studying various patterns of lips (cheiloscopy) add a knowledge in the field of forensic science and it could be the best tool to be incorporate along with other crime investigating tools. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Photodynamic therapy (PDT), as a non-invasive therapeutic modality, is available for the treatment of tumours. Keywords: lower lip; photodynamic therapy; pretreatment; carcinoma in situ; shaving EN lower lip photodynamic therapy pretreatment carcinoma in situ shaving 192 194 3 05/17/21 20210501 NES 210501 Head and neck carcinoma in situ (CIS) is seldom diagnosed, and the causes are still unknown. [Extracted from the article]

Mucocele is a common salivary gland disorder that can appear on the dorsal surface of the tongue, lacrimal sac, paranasal sinuses, and oral cavity. Mucocele results in alteration of the minor salivary glands due to a mucous accumulation causing limited swelling. Two histological types of mucoceles exist, namely extravasation and retention. Lower lip is the most common site of occurrence of these lesions in the oral cavity and the most probable cause is trauma or habits of lip biting. This report presented a 6½-year-old female child patient having mucocele on the inner side of her lower lip due to fall while playing, which resulted difficulty in mastication and speech. Treatment performed was conventional surgical excision followed by removal of the minor salivary glands. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this report, we describe two cases of basal cell carcinoma (BCC), one of them is on the lower lip and the other is on the popliteal area. A 45-year-old male patient with an unhealed wound on the lower lip and a 38-year-old male patient with an unhealed wound over the popliteal skin were admitted to our clinic. There was no sun exposure and trauma in their medical history. A biopsy was taken from each case. The results were BCC in two patients. BCC is usually seen in the head and neck regions, but it may be also localized in rare areas such as the lower lip and lower extremity. These unpredictable areas should be considered for tumor surgery.

Oral melanocytic nevi are benign proliferation of nevus cells in the epithelial layer, the submucosal layer, or both. They are classified as junctional, intramucosal, and compound nevi. They may also be classified as congenital or acquired. Unlike their cutaneous counterparts, oral melanocytic nevi are rare. Intramucosal nevi are typically light brown and dome-shaped, and are the most common type, accounting for 64% of all reported oral nevi. The common blue nevus is the second most common type found in the oral cavity, accounting for 16.5–36% of all oral nevi. In this article, we report a case of an intramucosal nevus in a male patient on the right corner of the lower lip, which presented as a mucocele and was histopathologically confirmed.

Traumatic neuroma represents reactive hyperplasia of irregularly positioned Schwann neurofibril cells and connective tissue - stroma that develop as a result of unsuccessful attempts to regenerate peripheral nerve after injury. This paper presents the case of a patient with painless traumatic neuroma of the lower lip formed in the same place where he previously had surgically removed salivary cyst of minor salivary gland - mucocele. Histopathological examination confirmed the diagnosis of traumatic neuroma.

Neurofibroma is a benign tumor involving Schwann cells and mesenchymal cells of the nerve sheath. Von Recklinghausen disease is characterized by the occurrence of multiple neurofibroma. However, cases of solitary neurofibroma are rare. Here, we report about a 55-year-old woman who was aware of a mass on her lower lip since 2009; however, she did not seek any medical help owing to lack of other symptoms. Oral findings revealed a tumor of approximately 2 mm in diameter in the median lower lip. Resection was performed under local anesthesia. A spindle-shaped incision was made in the lower lip mucosa, and the mass was bluntly detached from the surrounding tissue and resected as one lump. Detachment was easy and did not extend into the muscle layer. The clinical diagnosis was a benign lower lip tumor (fibroma), and the histopathological diagnosis was a solitary neurofibroma. The wound healed well, and 1 year after the operation, there was no tumor recurrence in the lower lip. Therefore, we report a rare case of solitary neurofibroma on the lower lip. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Schwannoma is a benign tumour of Schwann cell origin. Although it commonly occurs in the head and neck region, its intraoral presentation is rare. Establishing a clinical diagnosis of schwannoma is often difficult due to its non-specific clinical features. Hence, histopathological telltale features of Antoni A and Antoni B areas are unexpected in most cases. Reported here is a case of intraoral schwannoma affecting a 17-year-old male who presented with a slow growing mass in the lower lip.

Mucocele is a common salivary gland disorder that can appear in the lacrimal sac, paranasal sinuses, oral cavity, appendix, or gall bladder. These lesions occur due to mucous accumulation resulting from the alteration of minor salivary glands. Lower lip is the most common site of occurrence of these lesions in the oral cavity and most probable cause is trauma or habit of lip biting. Diagnosis is mainly clinical due to its pathognomonic presentation. We report a case series of mucocele in children treated by conventional surgical excision of the lesion.

Automated wireless sensing of force dynamics during a visuomotor control task was used to rapidly assess residual motor function during finger pinch (right and left hand) and lower lip compression in a cohort of seven adult males with chronic, unilateral middle cerebral artery (MCA) stroke with infarct confirmed by anatomic magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). A matched cohort of 25 neurotypical adult males served as controls. Dependent variables were extracted from digitized records of ‘ramp-and-hold’ isometric contractions to target levels (0.25, 0.5, 1, and 2 Newtons) presented in a randomized block design; and included force reaction time, peak force, and dF/dtmax associated with force recruitment, and end-point accuracy and variability metrics during the contraction hold-phase (mean, SD, criterion percentage ‘on-target’). Maximum voluntary contraction force (MVCF) was also assessed to establish the force operating range. Results based on linear mixed modeling (LMM, adjusted for age and handedness) revealed significant patterns of dissolution in fine force regulation among MCA stroke participants, especially for the contralesional thumb-index finger followed by the ipsilesional digits, and the lower lip. For example, the contralesional thumb-index finger manifest increased reaction time, and greater overshoot in peak force during recruitment compared to controls. Impaired force regulation among MCA stroke participants during the contraction hold-phase was associated with significant increases in force SD, and dramatic reduction in the ability to regulate force output within prescribed target force window (±5% of target). Impaired force regulation during contraction hold-phase was greatest in the contralesional hand muscle group, followed by significant dissolution in ipsilateral digits, with smaller effects found for lower lip. These changes in fine force dynamics were accompanied by large reductions in the MVCF with the LMM marginal means for contralesional and ipsilesional pinch forces at just 34.77% (15.93 N vs. 45.82 N) and 66.45% (27.23 N vs. 40.98 N) of control performance, respectively. Biomechanical measures of fine force and MVCF performance in adult stroke survivors provide valuable information on the profile of residual motor function which can help inform clinical treatment strategies and quantitatively monitor the efficacy of rehabilitation or neuroprotection strategies.

The aim of this study was to detect lower lip squamous cell carcinomas (SCC) that had metastasized to the lymph nodes and to evaluate if neck dissection was necessary for patients with T1 or T2-stage lip cancer after a sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB). The study was conducted as a prospective clinical study to detect occult neck metastases in patients with T1 or T2 stage SCC of the lower lip. Thirty-one patients were eligible and underwent echo-ultrasound, computer tomography, magnetic resonance and lymphoscintigraphy (LSG) as diagnostic procedures. LSG was performed on the same day as the surgical procedure, after intradermal injection of 37 Mbq Tc99m-Sn-colloid/mL at four peritumoral sites. In patients with positive LSG results, the sentinel lymph nodes were extracted surgically. The risk factors for cancer development were sun exposure and smoking. The highest accuracy for detecting lymph node enlargements was achieved with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI; 80.7%). LSG showed excellent sensitivity (100%) and negative predictive value (NPV; 100%). Overall, occult metastases were diagnosed with an SLNB in eight (25.8%) patients. According to the results, with great caution, we suggest that an SLNB is reasonable to initiate only for patients with positive sentinel nodes by positive LSG, to be used as a lower morbidity approach for selected patients with T1 and T2 stage cancers.

Solitary plexiform neurofibromatosis of the oral cavity is a sporadically reported lesion with extremely rare occurrence in lip. Here in, we present one such rare case in a six year old child and discuss its clinical relevance in view of contemporary literature on the cited subject. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]