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International audience; The lightning speed of the progress in communication and teaching technologies and the emergence of mobile artefacts offers us the opportunity to propose a teaching system of the French language through natural language processing tools in a modular way. Being able to integrate the technologies of artificial intelligence adapted to teaching in the continuity of the MIRTO project, to allow the creation of a platform for 100% distance learning through Small Private Online Course for different levels of learners for learning French as a foreign language.

Lightning talks of EduHPC are a venue where HPC educators discuss work in progress. This paper summarizes the EduHPC 2020 lightning talks, which cover four very different areas: (i) The simulation-based pedagogy of the EduWRENCH project, including motivations for using simulation to teach High Performance Computing, the design principles underlying EduWRENCH modules, a survey of the available modules, a look at a particular module, plus a conclusion including lesson learned thus far and future plans. (ii) The use of the software-tuning component from Student Cluster Competitions in the HPC master's program at the University of Liverpool. (iii) Steps being taken by the Computer Systems Genome Project at Virginia Tech to foster a community atmosphere among the diverse students working to catalog the lineage of computer system performance over time. (iv) A 3-semester master's degree program titled Computational Engineering, focused on HPC training, being offered at the University of Warsaw.

UAV (Unmanned aerial vehicle) is widely used in high voltage transmission lines inspection presently. Aiming at the problem of lightning arrester counters automatic recognition in UAV inspection videos, this paper proposes an image recognition solution based on deep learning, and designs a lightning arrester counter automatic recognition system. The designed automatic recognition system detects and locates the region of the arrester counters in the UAV inspection video firstly, and then recognizes the meter reading in the located region. This paper focus on the target detection and location of arrester counter in UAV inspection videos. The results show that deep learning algorithm can accurately locate the regions of the arrester counters in the images, and lay a foundation for the subsequent meter reading recognition.

Introduction. Within the framework of European integration of Ukraine, the international Standard IEC 62305 has been harmonized, which provides for a full inspection of lightning protection devices with a frequency of 0.5 – 4 years, which significantly increases the volume of work. Problem. The adopted Standard is stricter than those for which external lightning protection systems (LPS) of power plants and substations, which are objects of critical infrastructure, have been designed. There is no clear algorithm of actions to bring the existing LPS of existing energy facilities of Ukraine in accordance with the requirements of IEC 62305. Due to the need to modernize the existing LPS facilities, there is a need to develop a single algorithm for these works. Goal. Development of an algorithm for evaluation of the current state LPS for existing power plants and substations. Methodology. Based on the analysis of IEC 62305, three stages of evaluation are proposed: experimental (based on geodetic and electromagnetic method of determining the configuration of the object and components of LPS), calculation (based on the topographic survey method and the electromagnetic method for determining the configuration of the object and components of the LPS) and stage of analysis and development of recommendations. Results. Three stages, which are a basis of analysis of a condition of LPS based on the created algorithm, are considered in detail. An example of the analysis LPS condition of the existing substation with a voltage of 35 kV, created according to the specified method, is given. The program report in 3D form illustrates the unprotected parts of the object. Originality. For the first time, an algorithm for analysis the state of LPS of operating energy facilities according to the IEC 62305 standard has been developed. Practical value. Typical remarks to the existing LPS are formed. The results of the work can be used to inspection and modernize the LPS energy facilities, as well as buildings and structures of public importance., В роботі запропоновано алгоритм аналізу стану системи блискавкозахисту (СБЗ) діючих енергооб’єктів, який складається з трьох етапів: експериментального (на основі топографічного та електромагнітного методу визначення конфігурації об’єкту й компонентів СБЗ), розрахункового (визначення зони захисту стандартним електрогеометричним методом) й етапу аналізу та розробки рекомендацій. До існуючих СБЗ сформовано типові зауваження та заходи щодо їх усунення відповідно до вимог ДСТУ EN 62305. Результати роботи можуть бути використані для перевірки та модернізації СБЗ складних промислових та енергетичних об’єктів, а також будівель і споруд загальносуспільного значення.

Since the atmosphere has been highly polluted over the recent years, more and more people start to take this subject seriously. The toxic substances adhering to the particulate particles can enter the human bodies as they breathe, and thus cause the body health damage, especially for the particulate particles with a diameter less than 2.5um (PM2.5). Many gas sensor systems are therefore proposed to monitor air quality recently. Although these existing PM2.5 sensor systems can be deployed and acquire PM data correctly, they lack of the portability due to usages of the external power supply or an external battery. Currently, there are no PM2.5 sensor systems that can support the interfaces of micro-USB and Apple lightning with mobile phone since the PM2.5 sensor system usually consumes more power than that the mobile phone can provide. In this paper, we propose a PM2.5 sensor system named PaS-PM2.5 that can support the micro-USB and lightning interfaces for the mobile phone. The PaS-PM2.5 adopts the energy storage hardware mechanism and a low power firmware technique to enable the use of mobile phone power, while a sensor calibration method can acquire the accurate PM2.5 concentration. With the low power support of hardware and firmware mechanism, the sensor system can achieve 32% reduction of power consumption and thus meet the limitation of the mobile phone power supply. Furthermore, the PM2.5 mass concentration of our proposed low power sensor system has 98.04% of R-squared (R2) as compared to the sensor system without the low power mechanism.

With the recent surge in deploying aerial Optical Ground Wires (OPGW) as the infrastructure of optical networks, there is a challenging problem which is related to lightning strikes and their effect on the State-of-Polarization (SOP) experienced by dual-polarization coherent receivers. In network planning, all factors that concern the transporting traffic should be taken into consideration. When performing network planning, Routing and Spectrum Assignment (RSA) algorithms that use cost functions are invoked. We propose a cost function, for optical networks with OPGW links, that contains risk factor and meteorology information to reduce the impact of lightning strikes on live traffic.

This paper will assist in creating optimal substation lightning protection shielding designs. It explores the issue of shield wires falling down failure and determines that shield wires can be used over equipment and buses and along with lightning mast, the combination of which will provide optimum lightning shield protection for the substation. By comparing the two designs, the paper illustrates the lower cost of using both mast and shield wire in the design over solely using mast. The paper also compares the two major design methods: the classical empirical fixed angle method and the electrogeometric (EGM) model rolling sphere method. The two design methods are applied to three different substations each of a different voltage. For comparison, the cost of the protection shield designs are provided along with the damage risk probabilities of each to assist the designer in choosing an optimal design.

Online monitoring of substation incoming section is of importance for lightning protection and safety operation of the substation. Aiming at online powering for the monitoring device of the incoming section, the method of energy-drawing from ground-wire, power, effects of concerned factors, and overvoltage of the device are analyzed with EMTP-ATP program. The results show that the power level of the energy-drawing from ground wire is rather small (about 1 Watt or so), but usually enough to meet the requirements of the online monitoring devices for power. On this basis, combining the power level, lightning strike overvoltage and engineering feasibility of the energy-drawing approaches, the basic principle for selecting the approach is determined. The above-said research results could provides reference for the on-spot powering for online monitoring device of incoming section of the substation.

Food safety management (FSM) has drawn attention recently, specifically after COVID-19 outbreak, due to lack of supervision in food products delivery chain. To address this issue, we propose a lightning network-blockchain FSM system. Our approach guarantees data authenticity by utilizing the technical characteristics of blockchain (e.g., tamper-resistant and traceability). We use lightning network to solve the throughput bottleneck issue in order to enable the proposed scheme adoptable in practice. The prototype of our approach has been evaluated and examined in our study.

Automatic street lightning system is very important particularly in urban and industrialized areas because of its ability to provide illumination and safety for vehicles and pedestrians throughout the night. It is relatively efficient as it consumes lesser amount of power with pre-determined operation times that are non-optimal for the surrounding environment. It is also a self-sustaining device. This research paper designed and implemented an improved four directional automatic street lightning system. It involved calculating the design parameters after selecting the appropriate devices and the cables. A solar street light is a form of renewable energy which is a stand-alone system in supply of electrical energy to be used for lightning. Solar radiation energy is used to charge the battery during daytime, and offer energy to the LEDs light equipment at night. A dimmable Modula is designed and integrated to the system to dim the LEDs at night from 01:00-06:00am.This system has a double advantage as it utilizes renewable energy and also reduces cost. Keywords: Automatic , Four Directional, Solar Power, Renewable, Street Light, Utility Grids, Light Emitting Diodes (LEDs) DOI: 10.7176/JIEA/10-4-05 Publication date: September 30 th 2020

DO-160G and MIL-STD-461G contain requirements related to upset and damage immunity to cable induced lightning transients. The ability to quickly predict the risk of damage and/or upset early in the equipment and system development cycles is instrumental in guiding circuit and cable/connector assembly design to ensure economic and first time technical success during equipment qualification and system certification testing. This paper presents methods to predict damage and upset using circuit simulator based methods in situations ranging from simple to complex cable cross-section geometries that are common in defense/aerospace equipment qualification and certification test setups. Test data verifying the simulation process and capability is presented for situations where current waveforms are applicable. Additionally, practical aspects associated with lightning transient generators and how to account for them in simulation and analysis is presented as well.

The aim of this article is to introduce implementation of Visible Light Communication (VLC) into a public lighting network within a testbed in the campus of VSB-Technical University of Ostrava. Using System on a Chip (SoC) and software, a fully functional system has been created and then implemented into public lighting network in order to accomplish successful communication and lightning of the defined area. The goal of this article is to use RS232 serial communication for transmitting data via visible light of public lighting. This article describes the created electronic circuits (intelligent modulator) and the results from testing.

The installation of surge protective devices (SPD) can provide the required protection against lightning surges for equipment within a structure. To this end, the main parameter to be considered is the probability P SPD that the SPD reduces the frequency of damage of the equipment. This paper shows how the probability P SPD can be evaluated and how to select SPD in order to get the required value of P SPD for achieving equipment protection. Finally, an SPD selection example is described and presented.

Transient protection is used in electrical and electronic systems primarily to achieve a required level of system reliability - to minimise life cycle cost and maximise system utility. Unfortunately, conventional transient protection techniques do not permit their contribution to system reliability to be confidently assessed.The thesis uses the reliability based design objective, an objective common to all modem electrical design processes, as a framework for research. In the first chapters, the application of reliability based design using conventional protection techniques is studied. The main conclusion is that although the reliability of some conventional protection devices (eg the gas arrester) may be able to be managed with what can be realistically predicted about transients in the field, the reliability of the important group known as the clamping devices, cannot.The thesis goes on to analysis the deficiencies in clamping device design which prevent their reliability being managed and propose an alternative protection strategy - a strategy which is based on a shunt/series protection configuration which over-comes the deficiencies of clamping device designs. The thesis includes a theoretical analysis of the new concept and documentation of its testing.The thesis concludes with a summary of the theoretical and proven advantages of the new approach.The thesis includes appendices covering supplementary work completed as part of the thesis research. These appendices document the development of a transient waveshape generator for the reliability testing of low power transient protection devices with novel transient waveshapes, the novel waveshape testing and failure analysis of commercial avalanche diodes, and the theoretical analysis of lightning induced transients in short transmissions lines.

As an important part of the mobile robot, the rod-climbing robot is mainly responsible for reliably carrying cleaning and maintenance equipment. It overcomes the effect of gravity and is attached to high-rise rods such as pipes, utility poles, lighting poles, cable stays of bridge and lightning rods of substation. The tasks such as cleaning, detection, maintenance, etc. can be conducted more safely, efficiently and economically compared with manual work. Though, there exist some types of rod-climbing robots with different mechanical structures, their structures are too heavy or control is too complicated. This paper presents a new pressure-adsorption climbing robot, which is realized through ducted fan. Compared with the existed rod-climbing robots, the presented one have the advantages of simplified structure, easy control, small volume, light weight and strong adaptability. The feasibility of the new designed robot is experimentally verified.

International audience; The Lightning Network (LN) is a payment network running as a second layer on top of Bitcoin and other Blockchains. This paper presents the possibility of performing a balance lockdown in the LN due to misbehaving nodes associated to a given channel. We formalize and introduce a practical attack, minimizing the economic cost of the attack. We present results that validate our claims, and provide experimental results and potential countermeasures to handle the problem.

Superman is a hypothetical concept with exceptionally supreme powers. How would it be to have one of his powers? Ever imagined yourself of running at a smeared lightning speed? Well, now you can! ‘Kangaroo boots’ is a solution to this. Inspired from kangaroos who have a unique back feet structure, these boots are a replica of the same feature which would store and release the elastic energy and increase the running speed of a human up to 25–30 mph. The main perspective of this study is to provide more agility while running off-road and climbing steep roads. It will also make humans more active and travel short distances in minimal time reducing the use of fossil fuels. Keeping in mind the future scope, these boots can be used in human enhancement, military, sports and robotic applications.

India’s still-nascent e-commerce market is growing at lightning speed. While deep discounts lured the first online shoppers and fueled e-tailers’ initial momentum, the space’s rapid evolution is giving rise to consumers who expect more than just low prices. One of the next generation payment methods being introduced in the Indian market is the card less EMI (equated monthly installment) option. The study aims to understand the consumer usage behavior and preferences towards no cost EMI for online purchases.The study uses a mix method approach by conducting qualitative interviews with executives of one of the leading payment gateway company in India followed by an online survey to identify the characteristics of consumers using cardless EMI’s and how it can be the future of payments in India.

The OASIS standard TOSCA provides a portable means for specifying multi-service applications and automating their deployment. Despite TOSCA is widely used in research, it is currently not supported by the production-ready deployment technologies daily used by practitioners, hence resulting in a gap between the state-of-the-art in research and the state-of-practice in industry. To help bridging this gap, we identified TOSCA Light, a subset of TOSCA enabling the transformation of compliant deployment models to the vast majority of deployment technology-specific models used by practitioners nowadays. In this paper, we demonstrate TOSCA Lightning by two contributions. We (i) present an integrated toolchain for specifying multi-service applications with TOSCA Light and transforming them into different production-ready deployment technologies. Additionally, we (ii) demonstrate the toolchain’s effectiveness based on a third-party application and Kubernetes.

We show that recent technological innovations have significantly improved the efficiency of Bitcoin as a means of payment. We study three particular innovations: the Lightning Network, a means of netting payments off the blockchain; SegWit, an improvement to the way data are stored on the blockchain; and Bitcoin Cash, a new cryptocurrency forked from Bitcoin. We find a robust and significant association between adoption of the Lightning Network and reduced blockchain congestion. This improvement cannot be explained by other factors, such as changes in speculative demand for Bitcoin. We show that the Lightning Network has become increasingly centralised, with payments channelled through relatively few intermediaries. Finally, we argue that improved functioning of Bitcoin is positive for welfare, and may reduce the environmental footprint of Bitcoin mining.

The proposed system deals with remote streetlight monitoring and controlling system. Street light system's includes a threshold situation in time and automatic control pattern for conservation of electricity by making switch ON light automatically during vehicles passing & light will switch OFF later. It results in conservation of electricity in comparison with existing streetlamps in operation during nights. The proposed system can be widely applied in various places with controllable in time such as Schools, Stations, Roads and Industries and so on. The proposed system is constructed based on the Microchip's PIC16F Microcontroller.

The Lightning Network promises to alleviate Bitcoin's known scalability problems. The operation of such second layer approaches relies on the ability of participants to turn to the blockchain to claim funds at any time, which is assumed to happen rarely. One of the risks that was identified early on is that of a wide systemic attack on the protocol, in which an attacker triggers the closure of many Lightning channels at once. The resulting high volume of transactions in the blockchain will not allow for the proper settlement of all debts, and attackers may get away with stealing some funds. This paper explores the details of such an attack and evaluates its cost and overall impact on Bitcoin and the Lightning Network. Specifically, we show that an attacker is able to simultaneously cause victim nodes to overload the Bitcoin blockchain with requests and to steal funds that were locked in channels. We go on to examine the interaction of Lightning nodes with the fee estimation mechanism and show that the attacker can continuously lower the fee of transactions that will later be used by the victim in its attempts to recover funds - eventually reaching a state in which only low fractions of the block are available for lightning transactions. Our attack is made easier even further as the Lightning protocol allows the attacker to increase the fee offered by his own transactions. We continue to empirically show that the vast majority of nodes agree to channel opening requests from unknown sources and are therefore susceptible to this attack. We highlight differences between various implementations of the Lightning Network protocol and review the susceptibility of each one to the attack. Finally, we propose mitigation strategies to lower the systemic attack risk of the network.

Vitiligo is a skin disorder caused by a lack of melanin pigment in the skin, which causes white patches on certain parts of the skin because this melanin pigment is not able to produce the skin color. Previously, one of the treatments for vitiligo was using a UVB lamp with a 311 nm wavelength that could not yet be adjusted to dim the lights as safety when conducting therapy. Therefore, the research aims to design a simulation of the vitiligo therapy device equipped with a timer LED lamp, a safety of lighting, and the data storage. The data are stored in the SD Card to make it easier for patients to control changes before and after therapy. The simulation of this therapeutic apparatus is controlled using the Arduino Uno system and regulates lightning protection using a PWM circuit and ultrasonic sensors. The highest error obtained is 2.4%. at 5 cm. The overall device system, namely timer, buzzer, hour meter, and data storage has been working well and the error value is still within tolerance which is below 5%. Thus, it is hoped that this vitiligo therapy simulation device is able to operate as a real therapeutic device

Introduction. The complexity and power of a natural phenomenon with hazardous and dangerous properties, which is lightning, should be adequately evaluated and prevented at the most accessible organizational and technical level of a particular society. According to the principle of ALARA (as low as reasonably achievable) applied in post-industrial countries, this risk, like others, should be reduced to the extent that is achievable. Neglecting to take a high risk of a hazardous event leads to excessive damage and large irreparable losses that a person or community cannot achieve sustainable development. Therefore, it is the complex, systematic approach in achieving safety, from the stage of assessment, to take into account both the characteristics of hazards, including fire in the relevant facilities, as well as personal, individual risk of death or injury. Purpose. Concerning to the situation with the systematic approach to technical regulation in Ukraine of such a safety sector as lightning protection, it is precisely this neglect that does not correspond to the current potential of the industrial, scientific, regulatory and social development levels. The purpose of this article is to analyze this problem in several areas. The state of technical regulation shows the priority of bringing normative documents into compliance with the legislation. Methods. Application of various methods of calculation, estimation, design and layout of the system allows realizing lightning protection system of buildings, equipment and people. To this aim, comparative characteristics of the passive and active lightning protection systems offered on the market are given; protective angle, rolling sphere, geometric methods of direct impact intercepting are compared. Results. Lightning is an unpredictable natural event; no one in the world is fully understand the mechanism of lightning, it is impossible for any standardization to provide 100% protection in all circumstances. In this view no liability shall attach to IEC and any other publications. Consideration of the implementation of the protection system grounded part is postponed with the condition of its full compliance with the selected components and the configuration of the system as a whole. System calculation of protection and assessment of the individual risk level is impossible without the internal elements and links in lightning protection system. A number of identified gaps in regulatory documents, the relationship between regulatory and supervisory bodies, users requests are suggested in the conclusions. The analysis of active normative and technical requirements to the lightning protection systems is conducted and the necessity of additional protective measures from the direct strike of lightning or voltage induction by a remote discharge by protective measures choice and charts of their setting is determined. On this basis the schemes of application of lightning protective systems from impulsive overvoltage are complemented, that substantially reduces the risk of fires and individual injures. Conclusion. The statistics of death and injury from lightning hazardous factors, losses from property, buildings and structures damages confirms that in the risk assessment, which is standardized in DSTU EN 62305-2, it is necessary to introduce a methodology that complies with the conditions of Ukraine. Further application in the design of lightning protection systems of the national standard ДСТУ Б.В.2.5-38:2008 went beyond the technical regulation system of Ukraine. Arrangement of system lightning protection depends on: risk assessment, owner response, and influence of regulatory and supervisory bodies. Criteria for fire hazard of a facility require a more complete analysis by the supervise bodies and the owner, the methodology of which has not been implemented for today. The development of such criteria is carried out in the workgroup 1 of the Technical Committee 315, which involves the scientists of the LSULS.

The purpose of Grounding system design is to ensure safety for personal and equipment, andto improve fault detection of protection system.All electrical equipment should be connected to the grounding system. A system ground refers tothe point in an electrical circuit that is connected to earth. This connection point is typically at theelectrical neutral.Grounding of electrical items must be performed inside the enclosure i.e. insulated copperconductor is going to be used for earthed loop.Grounding bar of equipment, cubicle, switchboard, dedicated inside terminal boxes, lightingfittings.Lightning protection, electrical and instrument equipment should be connected to the groundingsystem separately. The objectives of lightning protection are to avoid catastrophic equipment damage and to preventpersonal injury. The energy of a lightning stroke can readily ignite flammable vapors or damageequipment.Methode of calculation used of the groundingsystem design of lightning protection is multiple vertical electrodes system.

As the research community is moving toward 5G technology, it is important to keep up this growth by developing new technologies and mechanisms that fulfill its requirements such as spectrum availability, wireless connectivity and coverage. Visible Light Communication (VLC) has been proposed as an efficient way of utilizing the visible wireless spectrum for proving lightning and carrying information utilizing the highly available visible spectrum. In this paper, an experimental evaluation and prototyping are presented utilizing off-the-shelf electronic components and the Telecommunications Instructional Modelling System (TIMS), which is a flexible modelling and prototyping technique widely used for building communication systems. The proposed prototypes are supported by a survey that was conducted among engineering students to get their feedback in regards to VLC, TIMS and 5G technologies. The aim of this paper is to provide the means to pave the way toward educating the students and new technology adopters concerning VLC along with facilitating its deployment.

The short film Humorous Phases of Funny Faces, released in 1906 and directed by J Stuart Blackton (1875–1941), is considered to be one of the earliest examples of cinematic animation. This article aims at examining the film’s influence from another perspective, beyond its pioneering use of film camera: the author argues that Blackton’s film has also laid the foundation for common design principles in subsequent animated productions, particularly in the design of animated characters. The analysis of Blackton’s film aimed at supporting this argument is based on Scott McCloud’s seminal book Understanding Comics: The Invisible Art (1993) and this article offers a modified method of McCloud’s ‘Vocabulary of Comics’ to demonstrate how Blackton has introduced the basic building-blocks of animated characters’ design that are common to this day: designs that rely on an emotional, universal core upon which culture-specific items are overlaid. Moreover, through appearance and performance of his animated characters, Blackton broke the design process of animated characters into such building blocks, emphasizing their importance.

The current operational transport and vehicle systems consist of vehicles running on fossil fuels or battery powered systems. The navigation requires control by a human driver who is responsible for a safe and comfortable journey from one place to another. However, with human intervention there are several drawbacks that may lead to a poor performance by the system. Negligence in driving leading to fatal accidents, environmental damage, infrastructure damage and destruction, health problems due to constrained sitting postures, long duration of operation and several others, have motivated researchers to look for solutions that will automate the driving process. Considering all these shortcomings of current systems, the new research consists of the use of self driving cars for transport and navigation. The complexity of this problem was seen when the initial systems were built using machine learning techniques that tried to understand and model the dynamic nature of the environment. As the research progressed, we realized that the system must be trained to respond to a number of unpredictable situations such as rain, snow, lightning, oil spills, potholes, passerby pedestrians and animals, approaching vehicles and many more. We need to consider all these aspects before a fully functional real-time system can be used. We consider the problem of autonomous vehicle by focusing on three major aspects of any self driving car which form the foundation of the entire system. Firstly, we need to be able to detect the lane lines so that our vehicle can orient itself correctly and continue to follow a safe path while being aware of the dynamic environment. Further, it needs to know its departure from the center of the lane in the scenario that it needs to move in order to avoid potholes or other road obstacles.

In many countries, solar photovoltaic (PV) systems are regarded as one of the best renewable energy (RE) sources in terms of cost of installation, return of investment (ROI), incentive and benefit to the end users. PV systems are always installed on the rooftop or outdoor locations, which give high possibility of getting struck by the lightning. Consequently, this would affect the level of power generated as well as economic issues, which should be borne in mind by the developers and the systems’ owners. In order to avoid faults and equipment's damages that lead to severe effects, the lightning protection in PV installations is very important and practically needed. Therefore, determination of the necessity for lightning protection and the risk connected to lightning is obliged to be evaluated as it is the essential ways in adopting the correct protective measures for the systems. This paper identifies the fundamental aspects of lightning interaction on PV and to summarize the lightning protection system requirement according to the standards and guidelines. The necessities of lightning protection on the PV systems and its barrier, the need for different lightning protection system on PV systems as well as its recommended practices are also discussed in this paper.

The need to supply the demand for electricity of large urban centers and large industrial customers has challenged the planning and design of 69kV and 138kV transmission lines. Typically, such voltage levels require conventional infrastructure, with support towers, insulators and cables, sometimes incompatible with the surroundings or with insufficient space for the right of way implementation, considering urban areas. This study aims to accomplish an electrical performance analysis of a proposed design for the compact conductor arrangement aimed to 138kV overhead transmission lines, with reduced distance between phases when compared to conventional 138 kV transmission lines. The proposed arrangement is evaluated under the aspects of lightning performance, switching surges and electric and magnetic field, establishing a comparison with a conventional 138kV overhead transmission line. The proposed compact design permits a reduction of the area occupied by the support structures and transmission line itself, allowing a reduction in the right of way. This provides an alternative solution to conventional overhead transmission lines, which require more space, and to underground transmission lines, whose high investments costs usually hinder their deployment.

In this lightning talk for the North Carolina Serials Conference, Lynnee Argabright describes the efforts of the ORCID team at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. In addition to discus...

Deep brain stimulation (DBS) is an established treatment option for advanced stages of Parkinson’s disease and other movement disorders. It is known that DBS is susceptible to strong electromagnetic fields (EMFs) that can be generated by various electrical devices at work, home, and in medical environments. EMFs can interfere with the proper functioning of implantable pulse generators (IPGs). Very strong EMFs can generate induction currents in implanted electrodes and even damage the brain. Manufacturers of DBS devices have issued a list of warnings on how to avoid this danger.Strong EMFs can result from natural forces as well. The authors present the case of a 66-year-old woman who was being treated with a rechargeable DBS system for neck dystonia when her apartment was struck by lightning. Domestic electronic devices that were operating during the event were burned and destroyed. The woman’s IPG switched off but remained undamaged, and she suffered no neurological consequences.

More than three years ago, this column discussed ongoing research on global lightning fatalities and described some of the activities and organizations devoted to reducing those fatalities [1] . It is time for an update, focusing on the work being done by the African Centers for Lightning and Electromagnetics Network (ACLENet) [2] . A close look at the ACLENet website shows the diverse ongoing efforts by this organization and many improvements in its website content, which is available to anyone for research and communication about this issue.

Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) are spatially scattered networks equipped with an extensive number of nodes to check and record different ecological states such as humidity, temperature, pressure, and lightning states. WSN network provides different services to a client such as monitoring, detection, and runtime decision-making against events occurrence. However, the WSN network still has some limitations in computing power, storage resources, and battery life, which make the network is restricted for data transformation. It is due to less supportive battery power, and limited memory of nodes. The integration of WSN and cloud offers an open, adaptable, and more reconfigurable stage for different security checks and regulating requirements. In this paper, we discovered how WSN and cloud computing (CC) are integrated and help to accomplish different goals. Additionally, a comprehensive study about procedures and issues for an effective combination of WSN-CC is presented. This work also presents the work proposed by the research community for WSN-CC. Besides, we explored the integration of WSN/IoT with Fog computing (FC). Based on investigations, WSN integration with Fog computing (FC) has many benefits with respect to latency, energy consumption, data processing, and real-time data streaming. FC is not a substitute for distributed computing, so far it is utilized to improve the productivity of the sensor.

Payment-channel networks are one of the most promising solution to the well-known issue of blockchain scalability. In this work we present CLoTH, a simulator of the Lightning Network — the mainstream payment-channel network, used in Bitcoin. CLoTH simulates the execution of payments in a payment-channel network and produces performance measures such as the probability of payment success and the average payment time. To the best of our knowledge, CLoTH is the only simulator that faithfully reproduces the Lightning Network code functions, and this ensures the reliability of simulation results. In this work we provide a detailed description of the new, refactored, publicly-usable version of CLoTH, and we show simulations on the multi-path-payment feature, a recent Lightning Network feature that aims to minimize payment failures.

Lightning protection system protects building structure from direct lightning impact. Embedding lightning protection cable inside concrete structure is widely use in practice now days. The objective of this research is to investigate the effect of installation of additional conductor cable inside concrete beam to its beam displacement and beam stress using finite element analysis software ABAQUS. The beam without additional conductor cable, with cable conductor installed at top and bottom reinforcement is modelled using ABAQUS. The results obtained from the three model is compared. As the result, the beam with additional conductor cable at top reinforcement shows minimum deformation and minimum Mises stress.

Corrugated stainless steel tubing (CSST) has become a common product installed in new and retrofitted older homes. The ease of installation due to its flexibility and the need for fewer joints significantly lowers labor costs. Despite the advantages of lower cost and ease of installation, however, the thin wall of CSST presents an increased risk of perforation by both mechanical puncturing and electrical arcing from either household current or lightning strikes. In the course of forensic investigations of household fires, perforated tubing is occasionally identified as a potential cause. The metallurgical features of the perforated area are capable of distinguishing the cause of the hole as being from either lightning current or household current.

Generation units with multiple fuel options and valve-point loading effects on the generators are fundamental parts of power system generation. However, economic dispatch (ED) of these units have non-convex, non-continuous generation cost functions. In this paper, a new Lightning Flash Algorithm (LFA) is proposed to solve complex non-convex ED problems in large scale power systems considering multiple fuel options and valve point effects on the generators. Five case study systems including 10-units, 40-units, 80-units, 160-units and 640-units are conducted to validate the applicability and effectiveness of the proposed LFA method for solving ED problems. The results are compared with other published methods in literature and confirm the applicability and effectiveness of LFA against other existing methods. LFA can successfully conduct the best fuel types of the generators and adjust the optimum settings to allocate load demand to the online generation units in power system. The results demonstrate that using proposed LFA method can minimize the total generation costs and optimally satisfy the load demands in the power grid.

A modern flight involves both a great flight quality and high safety throughout. You can’t speak of a quality of flight today unless it provides increased comfort to all passengers in full safety and relaxation. Regardless of the aircraft design type, a minimum level of comfort is required in the passenger cabin so that they feel safe, comfortable, quiet, plus not having the time to get bored if the flight is longer, but to keep constant the sensation of pleasure. For longer journeys, passengers must have the feeling of a vacation and not of a travel that doesn't over. Today, modern ships struggle to provide passengers with extra comfort, who no longer have to look on the walls or on a possible common screen that diffuses a movie that is known or not interesting for passengers as being a bad movie of a bad cinema. Every passenger must have his own laptop, which he can work on, navigate, communicate, or watch a pleasant, personally chosen film so that time passes easily and quickly and the journey being one as special as possible. Another aspect of a successful journey is to ensure increased safety throughout it. This is not easy to accomplish, especially in modern, complicated times, with all sorts of dangers that can occur during a flight. Nor is the fact that the ship is giant, full of people, workers, supervisors, can not completely eliminate all the dangers of a possible terrorist attack on board or from outside the ship, the dangers of air voids, globular lightning, frost, birds, a completely free route ... A large mass of specialists is constantly working to solve these problems. The propulsion system of the ship and its maintenance in the air, are, in the opinion of the authors of this paper, the two essential factors of ensuring one safer flight. For this reason, the paper will focus on the modern propulsion systems of an aircraft and in the most normal way of keeping it in the air. The safest way to keep an airplane in the air known from the oldest to the present day is the use of a navigable airship. On such a flying device, which automatically keeps everything in the air, without the danger of collapsing, with minimal fuel and energy consumption, with great flight safety and high comfort, it is only the problem of the maximum speed of navigation, which may be limited by the high resistance of the aircraft to advance. When we have a pleasure trip, or one on short or medium distances, navigating with airships is always preferred. What can be done when the journey takes place over very long distances and travelers are rushed to arrive at the destination, with the high speed of the aircraft being a priority? At first glance, in such cases, an airship can no longer be used. And yet a modifiable one could be used successfully and in such situations. This is an essential point to be discussed during this work.

Bucky paper is a paper of about 25-μm thickness made from Carbon Nanotube fibers. Its thickness is about 1/50,000th the diameter of a single human hair. The atomic bonds formed by these nanotubes are powerful enough to make them twice as hard as diamonds. The composite material formed by stacking the sheets of Bucky paper results 10 times lighter than steel while being 250 times stronger. Bucky paper conducts electricity as well as silicon and disperses heat like steel. Instead of the metal mesh currently used in the structure of the composite aircraft to overcome lightning strikes, it is advised that Bucky paper with high current-carrying capacity, would be used to allow lightning’s electrical charge to flow around the plane and dissipate it without causing damage. This material with high temperature bearing capacity has flame retarding properties and could one day help prevent fires on aircraft, ships and other structures. Its strength-to-weight ratio might also prove ideal when making protective gear, including helmets and body armor, for the usage of military and police, as well as create improved and more comfortable prosthetics for wounded veterans. It can also absorb heat energy from the human body. In the aviation industry, the improvement over structures, can increase payloads, and also improve fuel efficiency.

Electrical engineers often use software to analyze electrical circuits in order to understand circuit behaviors. Such software allows them to modify components and develop and improve their designs. One popular kind of circuit analysis software is based on SPICE (Simulation Program with Integrated Circuit Emphasis). In what follows, I describe how I used LTSPICE from Linear Technology (http://www.linear.com) to explore a lightning detection circuit in which I was interested.

Lightning is a kind of natural discharge phenomenon in the atmosphere. But lightning strikes are a kind of meteorological disasters which threatens seriously for people's life and property. Lightning protection device is designed to eliminate or mitigate such disasters. Such device with limited service life and strike times must be monitored by some security detection system for their maintenance and components or parts replacement. One security detection monitor system for monitoring lightning arrester operation status is designed and it is consisted of center management computer system and a quantity of terminal lightning arrester monitor. The center management computer system gives commands and receives data for each terminal lightning arrester monitor which sampling and collecting the data of monitored lightning arrester operation status, then analyze the received data and alarm and display diagnose results for manager. So the operation status of each lightning arrester can be understood and some maintaining program can be done. Some experiments have been done and the system operation is accuracy, stable and reliable.

In Chapter 4, we looked at an overview of Lightning Experience and studied the dynamic record page. Last, we discussed use cases for custom buttons, links, and actions using real-life examples.

In the previous chapter, we looked at the Salesforce platform, including various Salesforce editions available on the market for Sales and Service Clouds. Furthermore, we took a high-level look at Lightning Experience. Last, we discussed the advantages of AppExchange over custom development and we studied the Force.com architecture.

Lightning and thunder are some of the most violent natural phenomena. They generate a great deal of expenditure and economic loss, especially when they strike in cities. The identification of the concrete geographic area where they strike is of critical importance for emergency services in order to enhance their effectiveness by doing an intensive coverage of the affected area. To achieve this purpose at the city scale, this paper proposes the design, prototype, and validation of a distributed network of Internet of Things (IoT) devices. The IoT devices are empowered with lightning detection capabilities and are synchronized with the other devices in the sensor network. All of them cooperate within a network that is able to locate different events thanks to a trilateration algorithm implemented in a big data environment. The designed low-cost lightning detection system is based on the AS3935 sensor. This system alone has a limited range of effective detection, but when it is embedded in an IoT mesh network, the accuracy and performance are increased. A fully operational IoT network was deployed, and a functional validation and empirical measurements are provided.

To date unmanned vehicles have been used extensively for performing structural inspections. These inspections have generally involved visual sensing modalities such as using conventional visual imagers or infrared imagers to look for thermal signatures indicative of structural damage. The next generation of unmanned vehicles will go beyond these non-contact inspection tasks and will begin looking at performing physical interactions with the structure in order to assess the physical integrity of the structure and to perform actual repair work on the structure itself. In this work we specifically explore the use of unmanned vehicles to perform inspections and repairs on lightning protection systems for infrastructure such as buildings and chimneys. Unmanned vehicles are a particularly attractive solution for this problem because current practice involves exposing inspection/repair technicians to the dangers associated with working at height. To ensure the safety of the inspectors it is generally necessary to install fall-protection systems or erect railings to prevent technicians from falling off roofs and chimneys. Here we begin exploring the use of unmanned vehicles to inspect the structural integrity of lightning protection systems, clean their associated ground wires, and check the tightness of installed lightning rods. The ultimate goal of this work is to develop an unmanned vehicle solution for enabling low-cost inspection and repair of lightning protection systems.