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The use of kidneys from donation after brain death (DBD) donors with acute kidney injury (AKI) is a strategy to expand the donor pool. The aim of this study was to evaluate how kidney transplantation (KT) from a donor with AKI affects long-term graft survival in various situations. All patients who underwent KT from DBD donors between June 2003 and April 2016 were retrospectively reviewed. The KDIGO (Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes) criteria were used to classify donor AKI. The cohort included 376 donors (no AKI group, n = 117 [31.1%]; AKI group n = 259 [68.9%]). Death-censored graft survival was similar according to the presence of AKI, AKI severity, and the AKI trend (p = 0.929, p = 0.077, and p = 0.658, respectively). Patients whose donors had AKI who received using low dose (1.5 mg/kg for three days) rabbit anti-thymocyte globulin (r-ATG) as the induction agent had significantly superior death-censored graft survival compared with patients in that group who received basiliximab (p = 0.039). AKI in DBD donors did not affect long-term death-censored graft survival. Low-dose r-ATG may be considered as an induction immunosuppression in recipients receiving kidneys with AKI because it showed better graft survival than basiliximab. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Organoids emulate many aspects of their parental tissue and are therefore used to study pathogen-host interactions and other complex biological processes. Here, we report a robust protocol for the isolation, maintenance and differentiation of rabbit small intestinal organoids and organoid-derived cell monolayers. Our rabbit intestinal spheroid and monolayer cultures grew most efficiently in L-WRN-conditioned medium that contained Wnt, R-spondin and Noggin, and that had been supplemented with ROCK and TGF-β inhibitors. Organoid and monolayer differentiation was initiated by reducing the concentration of the L-WRN-conditioned medium and by adding ROCK and Notch signalling inhibitors. Immunofluorescence staining and RT-qPCR demonstrated that our organoids contained enterocytes, enteroendocrine cells, goblet cells and Paneth cells. Finally, we infected rabbit organoids with Rabbit calicivirus Australia-1, an enterotropic lagovirus that—like many other caliciviruses—does not grow in conventional cell culture. Despite testing various conditions for inoculation, we did not detect any evidence of virus replication, suggesting either that our organoids do not contain suitable host cell types or that additional co-factors are required for a productive infection of rabbit organoids with Rabbit calicivirus Australia-1. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Transcatheter embolization is an important treatment method in clinical therapy, and vascular embolization material plays a key role in embolization. The temperature-sensitive p(N-isopropylacrylamide-co-butyl methylacrylate) (PIB) nanogel is a novel embolic agent. To evaluate the feasibility of the nanogel as a blood vessel embolization agent, we aimed to assess the effect of embolization with PIB nanogels in the rabbit renal artery by non-invasive computed tomography (CT) perfusion, macroscopic and histological examination. Ten healthy adult Japanese rabbits were used to implement RAE of PIB nanogels in their right kidneys. CT perfusion scans were performed pre- and post-treatment at various time-points (1, 4, 8, and 12 weeks). Two rabbits were euthanized and histologically examined at each time-point, and the remaining rabbits were euthanized at 12 weeks after embolization. The RAE efficacy of the nanogels was further confirmed by macroscopic and histological examination. The renal volume and renal blood flow (BF) of the right kidney were significantly decreased post-treatment compared with those pre-treatment (volume: pre, 9278 ± 1736 mm3; post 1 week, 5155 ± 979 mm3, P < 0.0001; post 4 weeks, 3952 ± 846 mm3, P < 0.0001; post 8 weeks, 3226 ± 556 mm3, P < 0.0001; post 12 weeks, 2064 ± 507 mm3, P < 0.0001. BF: pre, 530.81 ± 51.50 ml/min/100 ml; post 1 week, 0 ml/min/100 ml, P < 0.0001; post 4 weeks, 0 ml/min/100 ml, P < 0.0001; post 8 weeks, 0 ml/min/100 ml, P < 0.0001; post 12 weeks, 0 ml/min/100 ml, P < 0.0001). No revascularization or collateral circulation was observed on histological examination during this period, and PIB nanogels were dispersed in all levels of the renal arteries. Twelve weeks after embolization, CT perfusion showed no BF in the right renal artery and renal tissue, a finding that was consistent with histological examination showing complete embolization of the right renal artery with a lack of formation of collateral vessels. The effect of embolization on PIB was adequate, with good dispersion and permanency, and could be evaluated by non-invasive and quantitative CT perfusion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mechanical ventilation can damage the lungs, a condition called Ventilator-Induced Lung Injury (VILI). However, the mechanisms leading to VILI at the microscopic scale remain poorly understood. Here we investigated the within-tidal dynamics of cyclic recruitment/derecruitment (R/D) using synchrotron radiation phase-contrast imaging (PCI), and the relation between R/D and cell infiltration, in a model of Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome in 6 anaesthetized and mechanically ventilated New-Zealand White rabbits. Dynamic PCI was performed at 22.6 µm voxel size, under protective mechanical ventilation [tidal volume: 6 ml/kg; positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP): 5 cmH2O]. Videos and quantitative maps of within-tidal R/D showed that injury propagated outwards from non-aerated regions towards adjacent regions where cyclic R/D was present. R/D of peripheral airspaces was both pressure and time-dependent, occurring throughout the respiratory cycle with significant scatter of opening/closing pressures. There was a significant association between R/D and regional lung cellular infiltration (p = 0.04) suggesting that tidal R/D of the lung parenchyma may contribute to regional lung inflammation or capillary-alveolar barrier dysfunction and to the progression of lung injury. PEEP may not fully mitigate this phenomenon even at high levels. Ventilation strategies utilizing the time-dependence of R/D may be helpful in reducing R/D and associated injury. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this study was to explore the damage effects and injury mechanism of free-field explosion shock waves on rabbit lungs. Six free-field explosion experiments, each with 500 g trinitrotoluene (TNT), were conducted as the shock wave overpressure acting on the rabbits was measured. The peak overpressure of the shock wave was 533, 390, 249, 102, and 69 kPa at the respective test points. Damage to the rabbit lungs caused by shock wave overpressure was investigated through observation, anatomical analysis, and hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining processing. The shock wave overpressure of 69–102 kPa caused mild-to-moderate injury; the shock wave overpressure of 102–249 kPa caused moderate injury; the shock wave overpressure of 249–390 kPa resulted in moderate-to-severe injury; and the shock wave overpressure of 390–533 kPa caused severe injury to the rabbit. Mild, moderate, and severe injuries destroyed some, most, or all alveolar structures, correspondingly, as well as producing partial cell apoptosis. The overpressure damage mechanism primarily involves the collapse and rupture of pulmonary alveolus in the lung tissue. As a novel attempt, the investigation provided here may serve to improve the current shock wave injury mechanism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Leporacarus gibbus is a highly specific acarian parasitizing in rabbits, with a proven zoonotic potential. While the majority of cases of L. gibbus infestation are asymptomatic, several cases of pruritic cutaneous condition in both laboratory and pet rabbits were reported. Up to date, L. gibbus has not been linked with clinical signs in any other species than rabbits and humans. Case presentation: This case report described the clinical case of a 14-month-old cat with a dermatitis linked to L. gibbus. Mites specimens were collected by brushing, followed by light microscopy examination and species identification. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of L. gibbus-related dermatitis in cat. Conclusions: L. gibbus infestation should be considered as a possible differential diagnosis of pruritic skin conditions in cat. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study was designed to investigate the protective effects of Thymus vulgaris essential oil against kidney and brain toxicity induced by an abamectin-based insecticide Voliam targo® (VT) in male rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus). The extraction of the essential oil from T. vulgaris (TEO) by hydrodistillation allowed us to obtain an essential oil with a yield of 0.30 and the characterization of this essential oil by GC / MS indicates that the major component is carvacrol (86.25%). Twenty rabbits were randomly allocated to four equal groups and treated for 21 consecutive days: Control group, VT-group (4 mg ABA kg−1 body weight), TEO-group (0.5 mg kg−1 body weight), and VT + TEO-group (0.5 mg kg−1 body weight of TEO plus the same dose of VT). Our results revealed that the administration of VT resulted in a statistically significant (p < 0.05) increase in serum creatinine and uric acid levels as compared to the control group. Voliam targo® was found to induce histopathological alterations in the kidney, namely dilatation and congestion of blood vessels, dilatation of proximal and distal tubules and lymphocytes infiltration within the renal cortical interstitium. Furthermore, the subacute exposure to VT resulted in neurotoxic effects on the cerebral cortex, the hippocampus and the cerebellum of treated rabbits. However, co-administration of Thymus vulgaris essential oil significantly reversed renal function biomarkers to near normal levels and improved morphological changes of the kidney and brain tissues. The present results indicate that carvacrolrich thyme essential oil exerts protective effects against VT-induced renal and neuro-toxicity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of repeated intake of a high dose of Ivermectin (IVM) alone or with co-administration of Vitamin C on kidney biochemical parameters and histological structure of kidney and brain of male rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus). Male rabbits were distributed into four groups (5 rabbits/group) and treated for three consecutive weeks: receiving distilled water; IVM 2 mg/kg b.w. subcutaneously, 3 times a week; IVM + Vitamin C 20 mg/1mL by gavage and IVM + Vitamin C 200mg /kg of diet in food. IVM significantly (p < 0.05) increased the plasma level of creatinine compared to the control group. Co-treatment with vitamin C orally by gavage ameliorated this level compared to IVM group. The histopathological examination of kidney sections in IVM alone treated group showed dilated Bowmans’ spaces, dilated renal tubules, vascular congestion and cell infiltration. The brain tissues demonstrated vacuolated neuropil and degenerative changes in nerve cells in both the cerebral cortex and hippocampus of IVM-treated rabbits. However, these histological changes were moderate in both vitamin C co-treated groups. In conclusion, vitamin C has a protective effect against nephrotoxicity and neurotoxicity induced by subacute administration of a high dose of IVM. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Chronic alcohol abuse is a widespread clinical disorder. It leads to bone alterations, mainly osteoporosis. Next to water, tea (green or black) is the most widely consumed beverage in the world. Bone mineral density is affected by several compounds contained in tea extracts. Aim of the Work: Our work aimed to investigate the effects of alcohol on adult male rabbit's compact bone and the possible protective effect of green tea extract. (GTE) Material and Methods: Twenty-four young adult male rabbits were used. They were divided into equal 4 groups: normal control, green tea, ethanol (EtOH) and EtOH - green tea. After 120 days of treatment, all animals were anaesthetized and sacrificed. Blood ethanol and serum ionized calcium (iCa), phosphorus (P) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) levels were estimated. Serum creatinine, alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) activities were estimated to determine renal and hepatic integrity. Femurs of each rabbit were processed for histological and morphometrical study. Results: Chronic alcohol ingestion resulted in a non_significant decrease in serum iCa level and a significant decrease in serum ALP activity. EtOH-treated rabbits did not differ from the controls in mean serum levels of ALT, AST, creatinine or phosphorus. Bone sections from EtOH- treated rabbits revealed multiple areas of degeneration in the thin cartilaginous plate. The trabeculae were thinner, shorter and fewer than those from controls. There was a significant decrease in osteoblast surface and a significant increase in osteoclast surface. Green tea supplementation resulted in marked improving of biochemical, histological and all histomorphometric parameters under investigation. Conclusion: From the foregoing, dangerous effects of alcohol on the bone became clear. So it is better to restrict its consumption. Natural products as green tea are able to protect against bone deterioration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSC/HPCs) of human or few animal species have been studied for over 30 years. However, there is no information about rabbit HSC/HPCs, although they might be a valuable animal model for studying human hematopoietic disorders or could serve as genetic resource for the preservation of animal biodiversity. CD34 marker is commonly used to isolate HSC/HPCs. Due to unavailability of specific anti-rabbit CD34 antibodies, a novel strategy for the isolation and enrichment of rabbit HSC/HPCs was used in this study. Briefly, rabbit bone marrow mononuclear cells (BMMCs) were sorted immunomagnetically in order to remove all mature (CD45+) cells. The cells were depleted with overall purity about 60-70% and then cultured in a special medium designed for the expansion of CD34+ cells. Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction (qPCR) analysis confirmed the enrichment of primitive hematopoietic cells, as the expression of CD34 and CD49f increased (p < 0.05) and CD45 decreased (p < 0.001) at the end of culture in comparison to fresh BMMCs. However, cell culture still exhibited the presence of CD45+ cells, as identified by flow cytometry. After gating on CD45- cells the MHCI+MHCII-cells the MHCI+MHCII-CD38+CD49f+CD90-CD117- phenotype was observed. In conclusion, rabbit HSC/HPCs might be isolated and enriched by the presented method. However, further optimization is still required [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim was to assess the relationships between cardiovascular activity, corneal pulse characteristics, and corneal biomechanics in rabbits. Seventeen rabbits were randomly assigned to one of two anesthetic regimens to induce differences in arterial blood pressure and heart rate. Experimental protocol included measuring blood flow parameters in the ophthalmic artery by color Doppler imaging, corneal biomechanical parameters using a non-contact tonometer Corvis ST, and the corneal pulse (CP) signal using a non-contact ultrasonic technique. Statistically significantly lower mean values of normalized amplitudes of higher CP harmonics and changes in eight of the twelve corneal biomechanical parameters were observed in the rabbit group with lower arterial blood pressure and higher heart rate, intraocular pressure, and resistive index. The results of partial correlations showed that the CP signal energy and amplitude of its first harmonic correlate with the resistive index, diastolic and mean arterial pressures, whereas no statistically significant correlation was found between any of the CP parameters and intraocular pressure. Our pilot study indicates, for the first time, that non-contact and continuous measuring of corneal pulse allows indirectly assessing changes in cardiovascular activity when the confounding effect of intraocular pressure is eliminated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Neurokinin B exists as a member of tachykinin family, which is encoded by Tac3 gene and binds to Tac3R. Several studies have shown that neurokinin B is involved in secretion of gonadotropin releasing hormone and maintenance of reproductive function. No data on the effect of neurokinin B on accessory sex glands is available till date. The current study is designed to determine the dose dependent effects of neurokinin B on seminal vesicles of New Zealand White Rabbits. For experimental procedure, 18 New Zealand white rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus) were purchased from National Institute Health, Islamabad Pakistan. Adult laboratory rabbits were administrated with neurokinin B at two different dose concentrations (1 ηg and 1 µg) twice daily for a period of continuous 12 days. The results demonstrated a significant increase in seminal vesicles weight and epithelial cell height at all tested doses (P < 0.05). Marked increase in epithelial folds was readily manifested, however the lumen was irregular. In this study histological and structural alterations in seminal vesicles manifest a progressive effect on seminal vesicles subsequent to subcutaneous twice-daily administration of Neurokinin B for 12 days. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rabbit strains find immense application in biomedical research with every strain having their discrete advantage in specific research endeavor. Acceptability of rabbit strains as laboratory animals owes to their breeding ease, availability, cost-effectiveness, ethical conveniences, larger size, compared to rats and mice, and responsiveness. With respect to different life phases, the article displays that one human year is equivalent to: (1) in developmental phase, 56.77 days for New Zealand White (NZW) and New Zealand Red (NZR) rabbits, 71.01 days for Dutch belted and Polish rabbits, and 85.28 days for Californian rabbits; (2) in the prepubertal phase, 13.04 days for NZW and Dutch belted, 15.65 days for NZR and Californian, and 10.43 days for Polish rabbits; (3) in the adult phase, 18.25 days for NZW and Californian rabbits, 22.75 days for NZR, and 12 days for Dutch Belted and Polish rabbits; (4) during reproductive senescence, 42.94 days for NZW, NZR and Californian rabbits, 28.62 days for Dutch belted, and 25.05 days for Polish rabbits; (5) in the post-senescence phase, 50.34 days for NZW, 25.17 days for NZR, Dutch Belted and Californian and 31.46 days for Polish rabbits. The laboratory rabbit strains differ in various physiological, developmental and genetic make-ups, which also reflect upon the correlation of their age at different life stages with that of a human. The present article aids selection of laboratory rabbit strain of accurate age as per experimental need, by precisely relating the same with age of human considering different life stages. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In our study, we aimed to search and compare the effects of valsartan and enalapril on the pathological scar formation on the basis of histomorphological parameters. Nine New Zealand albino male rabbits, which were divided into three groups, were included in the study. A previously described rabbit ear wound model was used. Enalapril was administered 0.75 mg/kg/day on the first group and valsartan was administered 10 mg/kg/day on the second group for 40 days. The third group was the control group. Results were evaluated on the 40th day with scar elevation index calculation and histological studies. Histological studies were done by using Hematoxylin-eosin, Masson trichrome and Sirius Red stains. Enalapril and valsartan groups were both significantly effective on the prevention of pathological scar formation when compared to the control group in terms of fibroblast count, capillary count, type 1/3 collagen ratio, collagen organization, and epithelial thickness. There was no significant difference between the enalapril and control group on the scar elevation index. Valsartan group was more efficient than the enalapril group on the reduction of fibroblast count and epithelial thickness. Both Valsartan and Enalapril are found to be effective for the prevention of pathological scar formation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Here, we investigated the fecal, oral, blood, and skin virome of 10 laboratory rabbits using a viral metagenomic method. In the oral samples, we detected a novel polyomavirus (RabPyV), and phylogenetic analysis based on the large T antigen, VP1 and VP2 regions indicated that the novel strain might have undergone a recombination event. Recombination analysis based on related genomes confirmed that RabPyV is a multiple recombinant between rodent-like and avian-like polyomaviruses. In fecal samples, three partial or complete genome sequences of viruses belonging to the families Picobirnaviridae, Parvoviridae, Microviridae and Coronaviridae were characterized, and phylogenetic trees were constructed based on the predicted amino acid sequences of viral proteins. This study increases the amount of genetic information on viruses present in laboratory rabbits. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Creating a secluded large space using guided bone regeneration (GBR) is a novel osteogenesis technique used in the prevention of premature membrane exposure complications. However, this technique is not considered clinically feasible.Objectives: This study aimed to compare the outcome of the insertion of two novel GBR devices in a rabbit calvarial model in terms of mode of action, simplicity, and amount of new space and bone gained.Materials and Methods: The expansible GBR (EGBR) device, composed mainly of a titanium plate, silicone membrane, and activation screw, was inserted beneath the periosteum in the calvarial area of eight rabbits. The smart GBR (SGBR) device, composed of silicone sheets and Nitinol strips, were inserted beneath the periosteum in the calvarial area of another 10 rabbits. Half of each group was sacrificed 2 months after surgery, and the other half was sacrificed after 4 months.Results: Histological and microradiographical analysis showed that, at 2 months, the EGBR device achieved a mean space gain of 207.2 mm3, a mean bone volume of 68.2 mm3, and a mean maximum bone height of 1.9 mm. Values for the same parameters at 4 months were 202.1 mm3, 70.3 mm3, and 1.6 mm, respectively. The SGBR device had significantly higher (P < 0.05) mean space gain (238.2 mm3; 239.5 mm3), bone volume (112.9 mm3, 107.7 mm3), and bone height (2.7 mm; 2.6 mm) than the EGBR device at 2 and 4 months, respectively.Conclusion: Both devices proved to be effective in augmenting bone vertically through the application of GBR and soft tissue expansion processes. However, the SGBR device was more efficient in terms of mode of action, simplicity, and amount of bone created in the new space. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Transgenic rabbits have contributed to the progress of biomedical science as human disease models because of their unique features, such as the lipid metabolism system similar to humans and medium body size that facilitates handling and experimental manipulation. In fact, many useful transgenic rabbits have been generated and used in research fields such as lipid metabolism and atherosclerosis, cardiac failure, immunology, and oncogenesis. However, there have been long-term problems, namely that the transgenic efficiency when using pronuclear microinjection is low compared with transgenic mice and production of knockout rabbits is impossible owing to the lack of embryonic stem cells for gene targeting in rabbits. Despite these limitations, the emergence of novel genome editing technology has changed the production of genetically modified animals including the rabbit. We are finally able to produce both transgenic and knockout rabbit models to analyze gain- and loss-of-functions of specific genes. It is expected that the use of genetically modified rabbits will extend to various research fields. In this review, we describe the unique features of rabbits as laboratory animals, the current status of their development and use, and future perspectives of transgenic rabbit models for human diseases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Surgery & Medicine (JOSAM) is the property of Journal of Surgery & Medicine and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Although manuscripts for multiple species recommending nervous system sampling for histopathology evaluation in safety assessment have been published in the past 15 years, none have addressed the laboratory rabbit. Here, we describe 2 trimming schemes for evaluating the rabbit brain in nonclinical toxicity studies. In both schemes, the intact brain is cut in the coronal plane to permit bilateral assessment. The first scheme is recommended for general toxicity studies (tier 1) in screening agents where there is no anticipated neurotoxic potential; this 6-section approach is consistent with the Society of Toxicologic Pathology (STP) "best practice" recommendations for brain sampling in nonrodents (Toxicol Pathol 41: 1028-1048, 20131). The second trimming scheme is intended for dedicated neurotoxicity studies (tier 2) to characterize known or suspected neurotoxicants where the nervous system is a key target organ. This tier 2 strategy relies on coronal trimming of the whole brain into 3-mm-thick slices and then evaluating 12 sections. Collection of spinal cord, ganglia, and nerve specimens for rabbits during nonclinical studies should follow published STP "best practice" recommendations for sampling the central nervous system1 and peripheral nervous system (Toxicol Pathol 46: 372-402, 20182). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To investigate the efficacy of TongLuoZhiTong Gel in the treatment of frozen shoulder model and the effects of frozen shoulder-related factors IL-1β, TNF-毩 and MMP-3 in rabbit. Methods: Twenty-four male healthy adult rabbits were randomly divided into the following three groups: blank group (group A), model control group (group B), and TongLuoZhiTong Gel treatment group (group C). Except for the blank group, the rabbits were subjected to a frozen shoulder model by continuous mechanical strain and ice application. After the model was completed, both groups A and B were not treated; group C was treated with external application of TongLuoZhiTong Gel, 5 times a week for 2 weeks. Two weeks later, the synovial tissue was abstracted in the frozen shoulder joint, and then observed under the light microscope after HE staining. The Krenn grading of chronic synovitis was used to evaluated the degree of inflammation of the synovium. At the same time, the expression levels of IL-1β, TNF-α毩 and MMP-3 in serum and periarticular tissues of each group were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Results: Compared with the blank group, the Krenn score of the shoulder group was significantly increased after model establishment (P<0.05), and the local skin was red and swollen, suggesting successful modeling. Compared with the model group, after two weeks treatment of TongLuoZhiTong Gel, the inflammatory infiltration of the synovial tissue sections was significantly relieved, and the Krenn score was significantly decreased (P<0.05). In terms of fibrogenic chemical factors and inflammatory chemical factors, TongLuoZhiTong Gel treatment group can significantly reduce the expression of IL-1β, TNF-毩 and MMP-3 in rabbit serum and periarticular tissue homogenate (P< 0.05). Conclusion: TongLuoZhiTong Gel can effectively alleviate the synovial inflammation of the frozen shoulder model of rabbits, and can significantly reduce the levels of IL-1β, TNF-毩α and MMP-3 in the serum and surrounding tissues of rabbits. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Zdravotnicke listy is the property of Alexander Dubcek University in Trencin, Faculty of Nursing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Background/Aim: Urinary obstruction is a condition of impaired urinary drainage, which may result in progressive renal deterioration. This study applied 99mTclabeled dimercaptosuccinic acid (99mTc-DMSA) renal scintigraphy to a rabbit model of right ureter obstruction and evaluated its utility in studying obstructive renal diseases. Materials and Methods: Complete unilateral ureter obstruction in rabbits was generated by complete ligation of the right ureter. Renal function was investigated during a 4-week postobstruction period by obtaining planar images of 99mTc-DMSA activity following ear vein injection. Renal blood perfusion was evaluated by non-invasive scintigraphy in conjunction with parallel histological and hematological examinations. Results: Renal perfusion was remarkably and rapidly reduced in the ureter-obstructed kidneys. During the experimental period, the size of left kidney appeared normal in the scintigraphic images, but the ureter-obstructed right kidney progressively became larger. Histopathological examination showed flattening and atrophy of tubules, enlargement of interstitial areas, accumulation of extracellular martices and infiltration of inflammatory cells in the obstreucted kidney. Conclusion: 99mTc-DMSA scintigraphy is a sensitive, non-invasive method to assess renal function in unilateral kidney diseases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The estrogen plays a critical role during pregnancy through their receptors. Although the rabbit is one of the most important lab animal estrogen receptor alpha (ERA) localization on basic cells, newly discovered cells including telocyte and neuroendocrine cells, vascular compartments and interstitium during pregnancy not been described. At 0 day pregnancy, the most prominent immunoreactivity was moderate to ERA and observed on the ciliated cells, secretory cells, blood plasma, and interstitium. The smooth muscles and the endothelial cells showed mild immunoreactivity to ERA. Lymphocytes only exhibited strong immunoreactivity to ERA. At 7 days pregnancy moderate immunoreactivity to ERA observed on ciliated cells, secretory cells, smooth muscles, interstitium, and lymphocytes. Strong immunoreactivity to ERA detected on endothelial cells and blood plasma. At 14 days of pregnancy, the most prominent immunoreactivity was strong and detected on ciliated cells, smooth muscles, lymphocytes, and interstitium. Moderate immunoreactivity detected on endothelial cells and blood plasma. Secretory cells only exhibited mild immunoreactivity to ERA. At 21 days of pregnancy, the immunoreactivity to ERA ranged between mild on ciliated cells, smooth muscles, blood plasma and interstitium and negative on secretory cells, endothelial cells and lymphocytes. Our results indicated that the frequency and intensity of ERA immunostaining in the rabbit cervix varied on different structural compartments of the cervix during different pregnancy stages. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The wild rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus) is highly present in Iraqi rural regions. Objectives: Due to no histological information regarding the histological characterization of this local rabbit, this study was conducted to identify histological characteristic features of its stomach. Materials and Methods: According to that, ten stomach tissue samples were collected from ten rabbits. These samples were tissue-section-processed, stained using Harris hematoxylin and eosin dyes, and visualized and photo-taken under a light microscope. Results: The gastric wall of the rabbit consisted of a quadric-tunic layer, in to out; mucosa, submucosa, muscularis, and serosa. The inside surface of the stomach was lined by mucosal cells that made an appearance as a tall simple columnar epithelium spread through the pits of the stomach. Moreover, the mucosa displayed three histologically distinct regions based on glandular tissue types (branch-, tubule-, and coil-like appearance) in which these glands were short in the cardiac and pyloric regions. The fundic gland region showed simple long straight branch-like tubular features and revealed mostly mucous secreting cells and less frequent parietal cells in the cardiac and pyloric glands. Furthermore, the fundic gland region consists of different kinds of cells; however, the parietal and chief cells are the highly common cells in this region. Conclusion: Characteristic regions are presents in the gastric mucosa of the rabbit with high distribution of parietal and chief cells in the fundic gland region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The largest organ of the body system of the body is the skin. So that, it is play a very important central roles in the protection of body against infections, chemicals and mechanical forces. The health of the skin plays a pivotal role in maintaining it, physiological homeostasis of body, fluid imbalance, and thermal dys-regulation. This study was applied in 18 rabbits with avulsion wound in the skin of dorsal part of body back region, the injuries of skin layers involve remove the full-thickness of skin layers, then studying the effectiveness of opuntia ficus-indica extracts on wound healing in two forms (oiled and flavonoid extract). Results: after seven days of our study appears the excellent ability of flavonoid group on avulsion wound healing and antimicrobial to compare with oiled group and control group. Conclusion: flavonoid extract of opuntia ficus-indica may useful in the treatment of skin injury of extremities and in any part of body. Aims of study: to assessment the efficacy of oiled and flavonoid extract of opuntia ficus-indica on avulsion wound healing and study the ability of oiled and flavonoid extract as antimicrobial. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In both types of rabbits were studied the vertebral formula were C7, Th12, L6, Sa5, Cd15. Hare have a longer total length and body length of all segments of the vertebral column than that of domesticated rabbit, The cervical vertebra in hare have a longer and greater diameter of the vertebral canal, Atlas and axis were largest. The height of the spinous process was increased when directed caudally to be at the highest level, the height of the spinous process of the thoracic vertebra in Hare remained higher than that of domestic rabbit. hare have a haemal process in the ventral aspect of the lumbar vertebra body. The spinous process in the sacrum of the hare is directed caudally rather than that of the domesticated rabbit. The Hare's ribs are longer than that of a domestic rabbit. Sternum consist of six segments, the length of the sternum in hare longer than that of the domesticated rabbit. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: A mucosal oral ulceration is epithelium damage that occurs anywhere inside the oral cavity. It is deep breakdown in the continuity of oral epithelium occur due to molecular necrosis associated with pain, redness and tenderness of affected site Curcumin was a turmeric extract, its multifaceted biological effects such as, anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, anti-carcinogenic and anti- infectious effects. The aim of the present study is to evaluate the effect of topical application of curcumin on mucosal oral ulcer healing. Materials and methods: Thirty-six male white New Zealand rabbits age between (2-8) months with body weight between (1000-1400 gm), were subjected to traumatic ulcer by 'punch biopsy' on the right side of the buccal mucosa, with diameter of (8 mm) and (2mm) depth. The animals divided into two groups; control group: the ulcer treated with sterilized distal water, the experimental group: the ulcer treated with 1% curcumin oral gel. The rabbits were sacrificed at 3rd, 7th and 14th days. Clinical assessment of ulcer size and histological and histomorphometric analysis of H&E slide in both control and study groups. Results: The present study showed that the curcumin treatment reduce mucosal ulcer area from the 3rd day till 7th day and improved ulcer healing at 14th day by activation of epithelial cell, inhibit inflammatory cells, enhance endothelial cells and promote fibroblast cells. While control group showed limited healing process of mucosal ulceration from early period of 3rd day with minimal contraction at the 7th day and incomplete healing at 14th day. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: It is important to use objective methods for assessing intraocular inflammation in the practical management of uveitis. Previously, we have found that, on day 1 of unilaterally induced non-infectious anterior and intermediate uveitis in rabbits, the temperature in ciliary body projection onto the ocular surface increased to 35.7°С (р = 0.002) for the challenged eyes and to 35.0°С (р=0.05) for the fellow eyes compared to eyes of intact rabbits (34.1°С). Purpose: To assess the histomorphology of the healthy fellow eye in rabbits with unilaterally induced non-infectious anterior and intermediate uveitis. Material and Methods: Seventeen Chinchilla rabbits (34 eyes; weight, 2.5-3.0 kg) were included in this study. Non-infectious anterior or intermediate uveitis was induced in the right eye of each rabbit, while the left was intact. Histomorphological studies of the fellow eyes were performed at various time points after challenge. Results: The fellow eyes showed normal histomorphology. Conclusion: A significant increase in the temperature in ciliary body projection onto the ocular surface to 35.0°С (р=0.05) for the fellow eyes compared to eyes of intact rabbits on day 1 of induced non-infectious anterior and intermediate uveitis in rabbits was not accompanied by any histomorphological or pathological changes, and was functional in nature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Intravitreal chemotherapy (IVC) has become a common eye-preserving treatment for retinoblastoma (RB). However, there are still unsolved issues with regard to dosage of the cytostatic agent, its ultrastructural effects on healthy retinal cells, and late complications of the therapy. Purpose: To identify and assess ultrastructural changes in the rabbit retina after various one-time doses of intravitreal melphalan. Material and Methods: Six eyes of three Chinchilla rabbits (age, 5–6 months; weight, 2.5–3 kg) underwent clinical and electron miscroscopy examination. Both eyes of animals ##1, 2 and 3 received a single dose of intravitreal melphalan of 5, 10 and 20 μg, respectively. Intravitreal injection was performed in a standard manner. The eyes were enucleated 4 weeks after injection. After enucleation, material for histology was taken in a routine manner and examined in a PEM-100-01 electron microscope. Results: Intravitreal injection of various doses of melphalan had no general toxic effect on the animals. No retinal hemorrhage, vitreous hemorrhage, retinal tear or detachment was observed at all follow-up points, regardless of how large an intravitreal dose of melphalan was administered. No complications were observed postoperatively. Throughout a followup period of 4 weeks, there were no focal fundus changes in the eyes that received a single intravitreal injection of 5 μg melphalan. In the eyes that received a single intravitreal injection of 10-μg or 20-μg melphalan, we noted a range of focal fundus changes from as mild as a few small isolated sites of slight depigmentation to as severe as pigment redistribution with the emergence of brighter and greater depigmentation regions in the retina. Ultrastructural changes corresponded to ophthalmoscopic changes. Electron microscopy revealed destructive changes in the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE), photoreceptors, and Müller cells of the rabbit retina. The minimum structural changes in the RPE and photoreceptor cells were seen after an injection of the smallest dose (5 μg melphalan). After a 10-μg or 20-μg one-time dose of intravitreal melphalan, we observed severe changes (such as cell swelling, hypertrophy, destruction and disintegration) in retinal cells, disorganized retinal layers with loss of typical ultrastructural features, gliosis and necrosis. Conclusion: On the basis of our findings, we can conclude that intravitreal melphalan is relatively safe when administered as a one-time 5-μg injection, and minimally toxic when administered as a one-time 10-μg injection. However, when administered as a one-time 20-μg injection, it resulted in severe changes such as gliosis and necrosis in retinal cells. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Balloon catheter endothelial denudation in New Zealand white rabbits fed high cholesterol diet is a validated atherosclerosis model. Well-characterized in terms of atherosclerosis induction and progression, the metabolic changes associated with the atherosclerosis progression remain indeterminate. Non-targeted metabolomics permits to develop such elucidation and allows to evaluate the metabolic consequences of colchicine treatment, an anti-inflammatory drug that could revert these changes. 16 rabbits underwent 18 weeks of atherosclerosis induction by diet and aortic denudation. Thereafter animals were randomly assigned to colchicine treatment or placebo for 18 weeks while on diet. Plasma samples were obtained before randomization and at 36 weeks. Multiplatform (GC/MS, CE/MS, RP-HPLC/MS) metabolomics was applied. Plasma fingerprints were pre-processed, and the resulting matrixes analyzed to unveil differentially expressed features. Different chemical annotation strategies were accomplished for those significant features. We found metabolites associated with either atherosclerosis progression, or colchicine treatment, or both. Atherosclerosis was profoundly associated with an increase in circulating bile acids. Most of the changes associated with sterol metabolism could not be reverted by colchicine treatment. However, the variations in lysine, tryptophan and cysteine metabolism among others, have shown new potential mechanisms of action of the drug, also related to atherosclerosis progression, but not previously described. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ischemic heart disease is a leading cause of mortality in the world. This study aimed to investigate the cardioprotective effects of germinated brown rice (GBR) on a rabbit model of chronic myocardial infarction. Eighteen New Zealand white rabbits were randomly divided into three groups receiving: 1) regular rabbit food; 2) regular rabbit food plus vehicle; and 3) regular rabbit food plus GBR for 120 d. The left circumflex coronary artery was ligated to induce myocardial ischemia 60 d after starting the experiment (baseline). Heart functions were monitored by electrocardiography and echocardiography at 0, 30, and 60 d after coronary artery ligation. The incidences of heart rate (HR) and ventricular arrhythmias have been compared between groups. GBR showed the effects to prevent life-threatening ventricular tachycardia and electrocardiographic signs of myocardial ischemia in a model of arrhythmias. GBR consumption group exhibited significantly improved cardiac function and reduced the HR, along with reduced mean arterial pressure and plasma glucose level. The results demonstrated that GBR exerts cardioprotective effects against chronic myocardial injury in rabbits. These biological actions of GBR may explain the benefits gained from the use of GBR products as a possible prophylactic lifestyle intervention. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The modern consumer is concerned not only for meat quality, but also about animal welfare and the environment. Studies were conducted to determine the concentration of gaseous residues in the tissues of rabbits. For this purpose, gaseous air pollutants were measured at the height of rabbit cages. Immediately after slaughter, samples were taken for analysis to determine the level of residual pollutants in the tissues (blood, perirenal fat and lung). Headspace gas chromatography was performed on the tissue samples to test for volatile toxic substances. Gas residues of 11 compounds were determined in the samples of blood, perirenal fat and lungs. The same chemicals were present in the air of the farm and the animal tissues, which may indicate their capacity for bioaccumulation. We recommend that the results should be used to develop guidelines regarding the welfare of meat rabbits and requirements for laboratory rabbits. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The HMG-CoA reductase is key enzyme of cholesterol biosynthesis which potentially contributes in management of hypercholesterolemia. The present study was designed to assess the inhibitory effect of phytoconstituents of an ethanolic extract of Prosopis cineraria pods on HMG – CoA reductase and regression potential of atherosclerotic plaque. Methods: Healthy, adult male, albino rabbits in which hypercholesterolemia was induced by supplying the high fat diet and a supplement of cholesterol powder with coconut oil (500 mg/5 ml/Day/kg body weight) for 15 days, were used as a disease model. Phytochemical analysis of an ethanolic extract Prosopis cineraria pods was conducted using LCMS, GCMS and FTIR analysis. Further, in-vitro, in-vivo and in-silico assessments were performed. Results: The in-vitro assessment of HMG -CoA reductase activity indicated a 67.1 and 97.3% inhibition by the extract and a standard drug (Pravastatin), respectively. Additionally, an in-silico evaluation was made using appropriate docking software and results also indicated as significant interactions of the identified compounds with the target enzyme. Treatment of rabbits with the ethanolic extract of P. cineraria pod resulted in significant (P ≤ 0.001) reductions in total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, VLDL cholesterol, and triglyceride. Accordingly, reductions were occurred in atherosclerotic plaque, intima and media of aortal wall along with lumen volume of the aorta significantly increased (P ≤ 0.001). Conclusion: It can be illustrating that the ethanolic extract of Prosopis cineraria pod contains potent bioactive phytocompounds might be inhibit HMG – CoA reductase and have regression potential of atherosclerotic plaque. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: Due to bone loss, endosseous implants often require addition of a bone graft to support adequate primary fixation, bone regeneration, and osseointegration. The aim of this study was to compare effectiveness of autogenic and allogenic bone grafts when used during simultaneous insertion of the implant. Materials and Methods: 4‐mm‐diameter rabbit diaphyseal bone autografts or allografts (n = 16/group) with a 3.2‐mm pre‐drilled hole in the center were placed into a 4 mm defect in the proximal femur of 3.5 kg male New Zealand White rabbits. Machined 3.2 × 10 mm grit‐blasted, acid‐etched titanium–aluminum–vanadium (Ti6Al4V) implants were placed. Control implants were placed into progressively drilled 3.2‐mm holes in the contralateral limbs. Post‐insertion day 70, samples were analyzed by micro‐CT and calcified histology, or by mechanical torque and push‐out testing followed by decalcified histology. Results: Both grafts were integrated with the native bone. Micro‐CT showed less bone volume (BV) and bone volume/total volume (BV/TV) in the allograft group, but histology showed no differences in BV or BV/TV between groups. Allograft lacked living cells, whereas autograft was cellularized. No difference was found in maximum removal torque between groups. Compressive loading at the graft‐to‐bone interface was significantly lower in allograft compared with autograft groups. Conclusions: There was less bone in contact with the implant and significantly less maximum compressive load in the allograft group compared with autograft. The allograft remained acellular as demonstrated by empty lacunae. Taken together, block allograft implanted simultaneously with an implant produces a poorer quality bone compared with autograft. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Whether electromagnetic radiation (EMR) emitted from mobile phones is hazardous tohumanhealth is largely unknown. We investigated the effects of mobile phone radiation on critical organs in a rabbit model by exposing the animals to mobile phone radiation with sub-thermal specific absorption rate (SAR) of 1.0 and 0.7 W/kg for the head and the body, respectively, for 16 weeks (6 h/day, 6 days/week). There is no apparent change at the organ level. However, H&E staining showed that radiation-exposure significantly increased inflammatory cell infiltration in the liver and the lungs with a lesser degree of myocardial cell cytoplasmic vacuolation. In addition, results from γ-H2AX staining suggest that radiation can also cause DNA damage in the brain. Of note, no apparent activation of Caspase-3 in the organs examined. Our data altogether suggest that mobile phone radiation may be more hazardous to both the liver and the lungs, and less toxic to the brain and heart. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A total number of 72 post-weaned rabbits (aged 35 days, meat line M91 a P91 hybrid rabbits), reared in an intensive breeding in the Slovak Republic, were used in the experiment. The rabbits were randomly divided into 3 similar groups, 24 animals in each group (control -EG1, experimental groups - EG2 and EG3) and kept in standard metal cages, two animals per cage. This study investigated the effects of different feeding on growth performance, chemical composition, fatty acid profile and content of essential amino acids of the Musculus longissimus thoracis and lumborum of growing rabbits. This in vivo study was designed to reveal whether the antimicrobial effect of Enterocin M (produced by non-rabbit origin strain Enteroccocus faecium AL41-CCM8558), is able to influence the meat quality of rabbits. Every day at the same time in the morning the rabbits in EG 2 received 50 µl dose of Ent M per animal per day, administered into their drinking water. The rabbits of experimental group (EG3) had commercial diet enriched with the supplement of 1% natural zeolite (a product of ZEOCEM Company, Bystré, Slovakia) and the drinking water did not contain any coccidiostatic drugs during the experiment. The experiment was lasted for 42 days. The fat of rabbits in the 2EG had a higher (P = 0.05) concentration of n-3 and n-6, MUFA, while the ratio of SFA in the control was lower (32.92%) than in 2EG and 3EG reared rabbits (34.61% vs. 34.71%). Feeding of natural substances to rabbits did not influence biochemical and zootechnical parameters and it had no negative effect on growth performance in rabbits. It had positive effect on health status and it reduced the number of Eimeria spp. Oocysts were not detected in rabbits' intestinal tract. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ginsenoside Rb1 exerts its pharmacological action by regulating sodium, potassium and calcium ion channels in the membranes of nerve cells. These ion channels are also present in cardiomyocytes, but no studies have been reported to date regarding the effects of Rb1 on cardiac sodium currents (INa), L-type calcium currents (ICaL) and action potentials (APs). Additionally, the antiarrhythmic potential of Rb1 has not been assessed. In this study, we used a whole-cell patch clamp technique to assess the effect of Rb1 on these ion channels. The results showed that Rb1 inhibited INa and ICaL, reduced the action potential amplitude (APA) and maximum upstroke velocity (Vmax), and shortened the action potential duration (APD) in a concentration-dependent manner but had no effect on the inward rectifier potassium current (IK1), delayed rectifier potassium current (IK) or resting membrane potential (RMP). We also designed a pathological model at the cellular and organ level to verify the role of Rb1. The results showed that Rb1 abolished high calcium-induced delayed afterdepolarizations (DADs), depressed the increase in intracellular calcium ([Ca2+]i), relieved calcium overload and protected cardiomyocytes. Rb1 can also reduce the occurrence of ventricular premature beats (VPBs) and ventricular tachycardia (VT) in ischemia-reperfusion (I-R) injury. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Correct visualization of the vascular lumen is impaired in standard computed tomography (CT) because of blooming artifacts, increase of apparent size, induced by metallic stents and vascular calcifications. Recently, due to the introduction of photon-counting detectors in the X-ray imaging field, a new prototype spectral photon-counting CT (SPCCT) based on a modified clinical CT system has been tested in a feasibility study for improving vascular lumen delineation and visualization of coronary stent architecture. Coronary stents of different metal composition were deployed inside plastic tubes containing hydroxyapatite spheres to simulate vascular calcifications and in the abdominal aorta of one New Zealand White (NZW) rabbit. Imaging was performed with an SPCCT prototype, a dual-energy CT system, and a conventional 64-channel CT system (B64). We found the apparent widths of the stents significantly smaller on SPCCT than on the other two systems in vitro (p < 0.01), thus closer to the true size. Consequently, the intra-stent lumen was significantly larger on SPCCT (p < 0.01). In conclusion, owing to the increased spatial resolution of SPCCT, improved lumen visualization and delineation of stent metallic mesh is possible compared to dual-energy and conventional CT. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Systemic inflammatory reaction - due to severe response to toxins of infection associated with immune inhibition - leads to multi-organ dysfunctions and high mortality. Ultraviolet (UV) blood is used for its therapeutic effects when moving across the cells. This study aims to evaluate the impact of UV-C Haematogenous Oxidation Therapy (HOT) in Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced endotoxemia of rabbit model. A total of 40 rabbits randomly divided into four groups, including normal control (NC). LPS and LPS+UV-C HOT groups received 0.1 mg/kg LPS toxin of E. coli, UV-C HOT and LPS+UV-C HOT groups subjected to UV-C HOT treatments once weekly for five times. Blood collected, perfused with oxygen, UV-C directly irradiated into blood, and then auto-transfused. Rabbits were sacrificed after five weeks; blood and serum were collected for analysis. The survival rate, liver, kidney, lipid profile, and blood ions were assessed in treated rabbits. Mortality was 40% in the LPS group, while other groups showed no death. UV-C HOT enhanced critical pH, base deficit, blood gases, hypomagnesemia, hyperlactatemia, and concurrent acidosis. Besides, TNF-a, nitrite, and nitrate were suppressed in response to UV-C HOT. Moreover, UV-C HOT reduced liver and kidney enzymes, improved lipid metabolism, and ameliorated electrolytes homeostasis. Despite that, UV-C HOT performance in ICU for human and animal endotoxemic or septic patients should be evaluated and considered. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: This study aims to investigate the influence of fluoride exposure on implant osseointegration. Methods: A total of 24 male New Zealand white rabbits were randomly divided into the control group and the fluoride exposure group. Rabbits in the control group were fed with tap water, while those in the fluoride exposure group were given 200 mg/L sodium fluoride solution. After 2‐month feeding, implants were inserted into the extraction socket immediately after extraction of rabbit mandibular anterior teeth. Four rabbits in each group were sacrificed to collect the implants samples at 1, 2, and 3 months post‐implantation, respectively. Radiographic and histomorphometry examinations were performed to evaluate the condition of implant osseointegration. Results: Bone volume around the implants increased in a time‐dependent manner in both groups. Micro‐CT images illustrated that the bone mineral density (BMD) in the fluoride exposure group was significantly lower than that in the control group after implantation for 2 and 3 months. The bone–implant contact ratio (BIC) in the fluoride exposure group was much lower than that of the control group at 3 months post‐implantation according to histomorphometry examination. Conclusions: In rabbit animal model, high fluoride exposure affected the quality of bone surrounding the implant and significantly reduced bone integration of the implant, especially in the late stage of osseointegration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research included study the effect of replacement a part of the traditional feed of rabbits with fenugreek powder (4%) and mackerel fish (8%) for the period from 11/12/2019 to 20/12/2019 was studied on some physiological and / biochemical characteristics of 30 rabbits (15 males and 15 females) After dividing them into six groups, (5) rabbits for each group. The study showed that: i)The powder results showed a significant decrease in the (follicles stimulating hormone, luteinizing and testosterone hormone), and increase the level of (prolactin hormone) in groups treated with fenugreek powder,and groups treated with mackerel fishes powder of both males and females compared to control group, and ii) the results of liver enzymes showed no significant differences in AST level in the both male groups (the fenugreek powder treated group, mackerel fishes powder treated group), while there was a significant decrease in the females groups for both treatments. The results showed a significant increase in ALT enzyme in the female groups (treated with fenugreek leaves powder and mackerel fishes powder). In the male groups, there was a significant decrease in ALT enzyme in the group treated with mackerel fishes powder, while there was no significant change in the group treated with fenugreek powder. For the enzyme ALP, there was no significant difference in the concentration of this enzyme in the both females groups (treated with fenugreek powder and treated with powder mackerel fishes powder), while the results showed a significant increase in the male groups for the same treatments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study was conducted to investigate the effect of use Hesperidin and Ciprofloxacinon the function of kidney through measurement of level of Creatinine (CR), Blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and Malonaldehyde enzyme (MAD) and histopathological changes in kidney of local male rabbits. (28) rabbits average (1378 -1380) gram were divided to 4 groups, every group (7) local male rabbits, group (1) the control gives only (2 ml) normal salineorally and group (2) gives only Hesperidin 100 mg/kg. b.w, group (3) gives only Ciprofloxacin 100 mg/kg.b.w. While group (4) gives Ciprofloxacin + Hesperidin 100 mg/Kg.b.w. respectively orally for 21 day. We conducted that the administration of Ciprofloxacin produce significance decrease ( P< 0.01) at100 mg/Kg.B.W. in thebody weight and there is significance increase (P< 0.01) in levels of Creatinine, Blood urea nitrogen and Malonaldehyde enzyme. Furthermore, there is a significant difference ( P< 0.01 ) in the effect of the combination of Hesperidin and Ciprofloxacin, but its significance was less than the effect of Ciprofloxacin alone. We concluded that the administration of Ciprofloxacin with Hesperidin reduces bad effects in body weight and renal function of local male rabbits. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) in combination with a biodegradable polymer coated onto titanium implants. The implants were inserted in rabbit tibiae, and bone growth was examined by histomorphometric analysis. Materials and Methods: Forty-eight threaded anodized implants were inserted into the tibiae of 12 rabbits. After 12 weeks of healing, an evaluation was made by light microscopy and computerized image analysis. A total of 56 anodized titanium implants were prepared as follows: group 1 was anodized under 300 V; group 2 was anodized then coated with 0.02 mL poly(lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) nanoparticles; group 3 was anodized then coated with 0.02 mL PLGA/bFGF nanoparticles (10 ng bFGF); and group 4 was anodized then coated with 0.2 mL PLGA/bFGF nanoparticles (100 ng bFGF). Results: Nanosized particles were observed on the coated implant surfaces. The mean diameter of the nanoparticles was 268.6 ± 93.2 nm. The mean boneto-implant contact (BIC) percentage in group 4 (44.7%) was significantly greater than that seen in groups 1 (31.4%) and 2 (33.6%) (P < .05). Conclusions: The results of this preliminary study show that coating a titanium implant with PLGA incorporated with bFGF by electrospray may stimulate bone formation adjacent to the surface of an implant inserted in bone. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The present study assessed damage to the inferior alveolar nerve (IAN) following nerve lateralization and implant placement surgery through optical and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Materials and Methods: IAN lateralization was performed in 16 adult female rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus). During the nerve lateralization procedure, one implant was placed through the mandibular canal, and the IAN was replaced in direct contact with the implant. The implant was placed in the right mandible, and the left side was used as a control (no surgical procedure). After 8 weeks, the animals were sacrificed and samples were prepared for optical and TEM analysis of IAN structural damage. Histomorphometric analysis was performed to determine the number and cross-sectional dimensions of nerve fascicles and myelin sheath thickness between experimental and control groups. The different parameters were compared by one-way analysis of variance at the 95% significance level. Results: Alterations in the perineural and endoneural regions of the IAN, with higher degrees of vascularization, were observed in the experimental group. TEM showed that the majority of the myelinated nerve fibers were not affected in the experimental samples. No significant variation in the number of fascicles was observed, significantly larger fascicle height and width were observed in the control group, and significantly thicker myelin sheaths were observed in the experimental samples. Conclusion: IAN lateralization resulted in substantial degrees of tissue disorganization at the microstructural level because of the presence of edema. However, at the ultrastructural level, small amounts of fiber degeneration were observed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate differences in the healing of cortical and cancellous bone around titanium implants with two different surfaces (machined or anodized) in rabbit tibiae. Materials and Methods: Screw-shaped commercially pure titanium implants of two different surface types were fabricated: machined implants (control) and anodized implants; each had two transverse canals that served as sites for bone ingrowth. In the tibiae of six New Zealand white rabbits, a total of 24 implants (12 implants of each surface) were surgically placed in a randomized arrangement. The upper transverse canal was positioned in the cortical bone region, and the lower transverse canal was positioned in the cancellous bone region. After a 1-month healing period, undecalcified ground sections were subjected to histologic and histomorphometric analyses. A mixed-model analysis of variance was used to compare the two types of implants and to control for the random effect of animals. Results: The percentage of bone-to-implant contact (BIC) inside the upper canals was 16.45% ± 4.05% for controls (machined surface) and 24.85% ± 4.86% for anodized implants. BIC inside the lower canals was 7.01% ± 2.34% for controls and 11.35% ± 2.67% for anodized implants. The percentage of bone area inside the upper canals was 10.94% ± 4.06% for controls and 27.95% ± 12.38% for anodized implants. The percentage of bone area inside the lower canals was 3.16% ± 1.08% for controls and 4.66% ± 1.53% for anodized implants. For all measures, the anodized implants had higher values than the controls (P < .0001). Conclusion: The results suggest that anodized surface modification of titanium implants is beneficial to both cortical and cancellous bone healing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: To evaluate the amount of bone matrix in autogenous block bone grafts that were fixed with or without perforation of the receptor bed. Materials and Methods: Twelve rabbits received two 5-mm circular osteotomies each in the anterior parietal region. The bone was removed, perforated, and fixed by a titanium screw in the adjacent area, 3 mm from the border of the osteotomies. On the contralateral side, six perforations were made in the receptor site before the graft was fixated by the titanium screw. After 28 days, the animals were sacrificed and specimens were prepared for histologic study. Sections were analyzed with regard to the total area of the graft and the percentages of bone matrix in the graft, interface, and receptor bed. Analyses using the Wilcoxon test (P < .05) were performed. Results: No statistically significant differences were found between the groups with or without perforations to the area of the graft (P = .85) or the percentage of hard tissue in the grafts (P = .53), the interface (P = .65), or the receptor bed (P = .18). Conclusion: Based upon this study that used a rabbit model with bone grafts placed in the parietal regions, cortical perforations of the receptor bone did not improve repair of bone grafts and did not increase the amount of bone matrix in the final grafted area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: This study aimed to histometrically evaluate the influence of low-intensity laser treatment on bone healing around titanium implants placed in rabbit tibiae. Materials and Methods: Each tibia of 12 adult rabbits received a 3.3 × 6-mm titanium implant. The implants placed in the right tibiae were irradiated with a gallium-aluminum-arsenide diode low-intensity laser every 48 hours for 14 days postoperatively, and the left tibiae were not irradiated. After 3 or 6 weeks, the animals were sacrificed (six animals per period), and nondecalcified sections were obtained and analyzed for bone-to-implant contact (BIC) and bone area within the implant threads. Data were subjected to statistical analysis using analysis of variance (ANOVA) and the Tukey test. Results: BIC was significantly increased in the lasertreated group at both 3 weeks and 6 weeks. BIC did not increase significantly with time (3 weeks versus 6 weeks). Conversely, bone area within the threads was significantly increased with time (3 weeks versus 6 weeks), regardless of whether the laser was used. Considering bone area within the threads, no significant difference was found for treatment, eg, with or without laser. Conclusion: Low-intensity laser therapy did not affect the area of bone formed within the threads, but it may improve BIC in rabbit tibiae. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the bone healing kinetics around commercially pure titanium implants following inferior alveolar nerve (IAN) lateralization in a rabbit model. Materials and Methods: Inferior alveolar nerve lateralization was performed in 16 adult female rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus). During the nerve lateralization procedure, 1 implant was placed through the mandibular canal, and the IAN was replaced in direct contact with the implant. During the 8-week healing period, various bone labels were administered for fluorescent microscopy analysis. The animals were euthanized by anesthesia overdose, and the mandibular blocks were exposed by sharp dissection. Nondecalcified samples were prepared for optical light and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) evaluation. Results: SEM evaluation showed bone modeling/remodeling between the IAN and implant surface. Fluorochrome area fraction labeling at different times during the healing period showed that bone apposition mainly occurred during the first 2 weeks after implantation. Conclusions: The results obtained showed that bone healing/deposition occurred between the alveolar nerves in contact with a commercially pure titanium implant. No interaction between the nerve and the implant was detected after the 8-week healing period. Appositional bone healing occurred around the nerve bundle structure, restoring the mandibular canal integrity and morphology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The aim of this work was to evaluate the bone-repair process after implantation of homogenous demineralized dentin matrix (HDDM) slices in surgical defects created in the parietal bones of rabbits with alloxan-induced diabetes. Materials and Methods: Forty-eight rabbits were selected and divided into 4 groups of 12 rabbits: the control group, diabetic rabbits (D), diabetic rabbits with a PTFE barrier (D-PTFE), and diabetic rabbits with a PTFE barrier and with slices of homogenous demineralized dentin matrix (D-PTFE+HDDM). The diabetic animals received a single dose of alloxan monohydrate (90 mg/kg) intravenously on the marginal ear vein, and their blood glucose was verified daily. The rabbits were sacrificed after 15, 30, 60, and 90 days. The histologic findings show both better bone structure and significantly greater bone density, as determined by histomorphometric analysis, for the D-PTFE + HDDM group than for the other 3 groups (P < .01). It was also observed that the mean bone density increased gradually from 15 to 90 days (except in the D -PTFE group). Conclusion: It was concluded that the HDDM was biocompatible with the bone repair of diabetic rabbits and that HDDM slices stimulated bone tissue formation. Facilitation of bone repair with HDDM could be useful in diabetic patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: In reconstructive procedures harvested bone grafts are often temporarily stored in extraoral media while the recipient site is prepared. The aim of the present study was to analyze histomorpho-metrically osteocytes in calvarial bone grafts stored in either physiologic saline solution or plateletpoor plasma (PPP). Materials and Methods: Calvarial bone fragments were obtained from 12 rabbits and fixed immediately in formalin (control) or stored in PPP or in saline solution for 30 minutes prior to fixation. All specimens were decalcified and embedded in glycol methacrylate. A differential osteocyte count (normal osteocytes, abnormal osteocytes, and empty lacunae) was performed for the sections and submitted to analysis of variance (ANOVA) and the Fisher least-square-difference (LSD) test. P < .05 was considered significant. Results: The histomorphometric analysis demonstrated statistically significant differences among the groups (control, PPP, saline) for all analyzed parameters (P < .05). The median number of normal osteocytes observed was 31.8 ± 2.3 for the control group, 29.7 ± 4.2 for the PPP group, and 19.1 ± 4.6 for the saline group. The median number of abnormal osteocytes observed was 14.7 ± 3.9 for the saline group, 8.7 ± 2.3 for the PPP group, and 7.0 ± 2.3 for the control group. The median number of empty lacunae observed was 12.9 ± 4.7 for the saline group, 8.5 ± 2.4 for the PPP group, and 6.9 ± 2.3 for the control group. Conclusion: The current study has shown that PPP is a better storage medium for osteocyte preservation than physiologic saline solution. The best results were observed in the control group. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]