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Mobula mobular (Bonnaterre, 1788) Giant Devil Ray Raia mobular Bonnaterre, 1788: 5. No types known. Type locality: Montredon, near Marseille, France, western Mediterranean Sea. Local synonymy: Mobula japanica: Compagno, 1999: 118; Ebert & Dando, 2014: 103, fig.; Ebert & van Hees, 2015: 148; Weigmann, 2016: 982. South Africa voucher material: SAIAB uncatalogued. South African distribution: East of Port Alfred (EC) and the KZN coast. Remarks: White et al. (2018) synonymized Mobula mobular (previously considered a Mediterranean Sea endemic) with M. japonica with precedence given to the name M. mobular. Records from off South Africa are not well documented. Conservation status: EN (2020)., Published as part of Ebert, David A., Wintner, Sabine P. & Kyne, Peter M., 2021, An annotated checklist of the chondrichthyans of South Africa, pp. 1-127 in Zootaxa 4947 (1) on page 101, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4947.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/4614567, {"references":["Bonnaterre, J. P. (1788) Tableau encyclopedique et methodique des trois regnes de la nature. Ichthyologie, Paris, 215 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 11660","Compagno, L. J. V. (1999) An overview of chondrichthyan systematics and biodiversity in southern Africa. Transactions of the Royal Society of South Africa, 54, 75 - 120. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00359199909520406","Ebert, D. A. & Dando, M. (2014) On Board Guide for the Identification of Pelagic Sharks and Rays of the Western Indian Ocean. SmartFish Programme, FAO, Rome & Indian Ocean Commission, Port Louis, 109 pp.","Ebert, D. A. & van Hees, K. E. (2015) Beyond jaws: rediscovering the \" Lost Sharks \" of southern Africa. African Journal of Marine Science, 37, 141 - 156. https: // doi. org / 10.2989 / 1814232 X. 2015.1048730","Weigmann, S. (2016) Annotated checklist of the living sharks, batoids and chimaeras (Chondrichthyes) of the world, with a focus on biogeographical diversity. Journal of Fish Biology, 88, 837 - 1037. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / jfb. 12874","White, W. T., Corrigan, S., Yang, L., Henderson, A. C., Bazinet, A. L., Swofford, D. L. & Naylor, G. J. P. (2018) Phylogeny of the manta and devilrays (Chondrichthyes: Mobulidae), with an updated taxonomic arrangement for the family. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 182 (1), 50 - 75. https: // doi. org / 10.1093 / zoolinnean / zlx 018"]}

Genus Nebrius Rüppell, 1837 Tawny Nurse Sharks Nebrius R ̹ppell, 1837: 62. Type species: Nebrius concolor R̹ppell, 1837, by monotypy., Published as part of Ebert, David A., Wintner, Sabine P. & Kyne, Peter M., 2021, An annotated checklist of the chondrichthyans of South Africa, pp. 1-127 in Zootaxa 4947 (1) on page 37, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4947.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/4614567

Haploblepharus kistnasamyi Human & Compagno, 2006 Eastern Shyshark Haploblepharus kistnasamyi Human & Compagno, 2006: 44, fig. 2. Holotype: SAIAB 39835. Type locality: Landers Reef off Park Rynie, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa, 30°19'S, 30°47'E. Local synonymy: Haploblepharus edwardsii: Smith, 1949a: 54 (in part); Smith, 1950: 879 (in part); Bass et al., 1975a: 17, fig. 11a (in part); Compagno, 1984b: 332 (in part); Bass, 1986: 91, (fig. 11.8 caption as H. edwardsii is actually H. kistnasamyi); Compagno, 1988a: 151 (in part); Compagno et al., 1989: 50, pl. (in part). Haploblepharus sp. nov.: Compagno, 1999: 98, 119. Haploblepharus sp. A: Compagno, et al., 2005: 236; Human et al., 2006: 389. Haploblepharus kistnasamyi: Human & Compagno, 2006: 44, fig. 2; Human, 2007: 29, figs. 10–12; Ebert et al., 2013 a: 355, fig., pl. 48; Ebert & van Hees, 2015: 147; Weigmann, 2016: 876. South Africa voucher material: Paratypes: SAIAB 6075 [formerly ORI 2424], SAIAB 6077 [formerly ORI 2574]. Non-types: SAIAB 14005, SAIAB 26156, SAIAB 26934, SAIAB 26937, SAIAB 26939, SAIAB 26964, SAIAB 26965, SAIAB 48494, SAIAB 48496, SAM 29884, SAM 32527, SAM 32553, SAM 32554. See Human (2006) for details. South African distribution: Endemic. Mossel Bay (WC) to Zinkwazi north of Durban (KZN). Remarks: The least known and perhaps rarest species of Haploblepharus, it is known from very few specimens and is rarely observed despite it being a coastal nearshore species usually found at less than 30 m depth. A further detailed morphological and genetic study is required to fully delineate and define this species from the other members of the genus. Conservation status: VU (2019)., Published as part of Ebert, David A., Wintner, Sabine P. & Kyne, Peter M., 2021, An annotated checklist of the chondrichthyans of South Africa, pp. 1-127 in Zootaxa 4947 (1) on pages 49-50, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4947.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/4614567, {"references":["Human, B. A. & Compagno, L. J. V. (2006) Description of Haploblepharus kistnasamyi, a new catshark (Chondrichthyes: Scyliorhinidae) from South Africa. Zootaxa, 1318 (1), 41 - 58. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 1318.1.2","Smith, J. L. B. (1949 a) The Sea Fishes of Southern Africa. South Africa Central News Agency Ltd., 550 pp.","Smith, J. L. B. (1950) A new dogfish from South Africa, with notes on other chondrichthyan fishes. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Series 12, 3, 878 - 887. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222935008654719","Bass, A. J., D'Aubrey, J. D. & Kistnasamy, N. (1975 a) Sharks of the east coast of southern Africa. II. The families Scyliorhinidae and Pseudotriakidae. Investigational Report. Oceanographic Research Institute, Durban, 37, 1 - 64.","Compagno, L. J. V. (1984 b) FAO Species Catalogue. Sharks of the World. An Annotated and Illustrated Catalogue of Shark Species Known to Date. FAO Fisheries Synopsis. Vol. 4. No. 125. Part 2. Carcharhiniformes. FAO, Rome, pp. 251 - 655.","Bass, A. J. (1986) Families Chlamydoselachidae, Heterodontidae, Orectolobidae, Rhinicodontidae, Scyliorhinidae, Pseudotriakidae, Sphyrnidae, Lamnidae, Cetorhinidae, Alopiidae, Pseudocarchariidae, Squatinidae. In: Smith, M. M. & Heemstra, P. C. (Eds.), Smith's Sea Fishes. Macmillan, Johannesburg, pp. 47 - 48 + 64 - 66 + 87 - 102 + 103 + 107.","Compagno, L. J. V. (1988 a) Sharks of the Order Carcharhiniformes. Princeton University Press, Princeton, New Jersey, 486 pp.","Compagno, L. J. V., Ebert, D. A. & Smale, M. J. (1989) Guide to the Sharks and Rays of Southern Africa. Struik Publishers, Cape Town, 158 pp.","Compagno, L. J. V. (1999) An overview of chondrichthyan systematics and biodiversity in southern Africa. Transactions of the Royal Society of South Africa, 54, 75 - 120. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00359199909520406","Human, B. A. (2007) A taxonomic revision of the catshark genus Haploblepharus Garman 1913 (Chondrichthyes: Carcharhiniformes: Scyliorhinidae). Zootaxa, 1451 (1), 1 - 40. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 1451.1.1","Ebert, D. A., Fowler, S. & Compagno, L. J. V. (2013) Sharks of the World: A Fully Illustrated Guide to the Sharks of the World. Wild Nature Press, Plymouth, 528 pp.","Ebert, D. A. & van Hees, K. E. (2015) Beyond jaws: rediscovering the \" Lost Sharks \" of southern Africa. African Journal of Marine Science, 37, 141 - 156. https: // doi. org / 10.2989 / 1814232 X. 2015.1048730","Weigmann, S. (2016) Annotated checklist of the living sharks, batoids and chimaeras (Chondrichthyes) of the world, with a focus on biogeographical diversity. Journal of Fish Biology, 88, 837 - 1037. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / jfb. 12874","Human, B. A. (2006 a) A taxonomic revision of the catshark genus Poroderma Smith, 1837 (Chondrichthyes: Carcharhiniformes: Scyliorhinidae). Zootaxa, 1229 (1), 1 - 32. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 1229.1.1"]}

Mobula birostris (Walbaum, 1792) Giant Manta Ray Raja birostris Walbaum, 1792: 535. Types: No types known. Type locality: No locality stated in description. Local synonymy: Manta ehrenbergi: Barnard, 1925: 87; Fowler, 1934b: 409, figs. 2–3; Barnard, 1959: 29, figs. 9–9a, pl. 4. Manta birostris: Smith, 1949a: 73, fig. 88; Wallace, 1967c: 13, fig. 6; Compagno, 1986: 134, fig. 29.1, pl. 5; Compagno et al., 1989: 116, pl.; Compagno, 1999: 118; Heemstra & Heemstra, 2004: 88; Marshall et al., 2009: 4, figs. 1–7; Ebert & Dando, 2014: 99, fig.; Ebert & van Hees, 2015: 148; Weigmann, 2016: 981. Mobula birostris: White & Last, 2016c: 743, fig. 33.2; Stevens et al., 2018: 74, figs. South Africa voucher material: SAIAB 7885, SAIAB 48525, SAIAB 75575, SAIAB 75576, SAIAB 200672, SAIAB 200673, SAIAB 200674. South African distribution: Table Bay (WC) to the KZN border with Mozambique. Remarks: Mobula birostris appears to occur in the more temperate waters of the WC compared to M. alfredi, which appears to be more restricted to the warmer waters of the KZN coast. Conservation status: EN (2020)., Published as part of Ebert, David A., Wintner, Sabine P. & Kyne, Peter M., 2021, An annotated checklist of the chondrichthyans of South Africa, pp. 1-127 in Zootaxa 4947 (1) on page 100, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4947.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/4614567, {"references":["Walbaum, J. J. (1792) Petri Artedi sueci genera piscium. In quibus systema totum ichthyologiae proponitur cum classibus, ordinibus, generum characteribus, specierum differentiis, observationibus plurimis. Redactis speciebus 242 ad genera 52. Ichthyologiae pars III. Ant. Ferdin. Rose, Greifswald, 723 pp.","Barnard, K. H. (1925) A monograph of the marine fishes of South Africa. Part I (Amphioxus, Cyclostomata, Elasmobranchii, and Teleostei-Isospondyli to Heterosomata). Annals of the South African Museum, 21, 1 - 418.","Fowler, H. W. (1934 b) Fishes obtained by Mr. H. W. Bell-Marley chiefly in Natal and Zululand in 1929 to 1932. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, 86, 405 - 514.","Barnard, K. H. (1959) A Pictorial Guide to South African Fishes. Marine and Freshwater. Maskew Miller Ltd, Cape Town, 226 pp.","Smith, J. L. B. (1949 a) The Sea Fishes of Southern Africa. South Africa Central News Agency Ltd., 550 pp.","Wallace, J. H. (1967 c) The batoid fishes of the east coast of southern Africa. Part II: manta, eagle, duckbill, cownose, butterfly and sting rays. Investigational Report. Oceanographic Research Institute, Durban, 16, 1 - 56.","Compagno, L. J. V. (1986) Families Pristidae, Narkidae, Rhinobatidae, Myliobatidae, Mobulidae, Dasyatidae, Chimaeridae, Rhinochimaeridae, Callorhinchidae. In: Smith, M. M. & Heemstra, P. C. (Eds.), Smith's Sea Fishes. Macmillan, Johannesburg, pp. 110 - 142, 144 - 147.","Compagno, L. J. V., Ebert, D. A. & Smale, M. J. (1989) Guide to the Sharks and Rays of Southern Africa. Struik Publishers, Cape Town, 158 pp.","Compagno, L. J. V. (1999) An overview of chondrichthyan systematics and biodiversity in southern Africa. Transactions of the Royal Society of South Africa, 54, 75 - 120. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00359199909520406","Heemstra, P. C. & Heemstra, E. (2004) Coastal Fishes of Southern Africa. National Inquiry Service Centre and South African Institute for Aquatic Biodiversity, Grahamstown, 488 pp.","Marshall, A. D., Compagno, L. J. V. & Bennett, M. B. (2009) Redescription of the genus Manta with resurrection of Manta alfredi (Krefft, 1868) (Chondrichthyes; Myliobatoidei; Mobulidae). Zootaxa, 2301 (1), 1 - 28. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 2301.1.1","Ebert, D. A. & Dando, M. (2014) On Board Guide for the Identification of Pelagic Sharks and Rays of the Western Indian Ocean. SmartFish Programme, FAO, Rome & Indian Ocean Commission, Port Louis, 109 pp.","Ebert, D. A. & van Hees, K. E. (2015) Beyond jaws: rediscovering the \" Lost Sharks \" of southern Africa. African Journal of Marine Science, 37, 141 - 156. https: // doi. org / 10.2989 / 1814232 X. 2015.1048730","Weigmann, S. (2016) Annotated checklist of the living sharks, batoids and chimaeras (Chondrichthyes) of the world, with a focus on biogeographical diversity. Journal of Fish Biology, 88, 837 - 1037. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / jfb. 12874","Last, P. R., White, W. T. & Naylor, G. J. P. (2016 c) Sawfishes. Family Pristidae. In: Last, P. R., White, W. T., de Carvalho, M. E., Seret, B., Stehmann, M. F. W. & Naylor, G. J. P. (Eds.), Rays of the World. Cornell University Press, Ithaca, New York, pp. 58 - 64. https: // doi. org / 10.1071 / 9780643109148","Stevens, G., Fernando, D., Dando, M. & Notarbartolo di Sciara, G. (2018) Guide to the Manta & Devil Rays of the World. Wild Nature Press, Plymouth, 144 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.1515 / 9780691207216"]}

Leucoraja compagnoi (Stehmann, 1995) Tigertail Skate Raja (Leucoraja) compagnoi Stehmann, 1995: 43, fig. 10. Holotype (unique) ZIN 48406. Type locality: Off South Africa, 30°44'S, 15°18'E. Local synonymy: Raja (Leucoraja) compagnoi: Stehmann, 1995: 43, fig. 10. Leucoraja compagnoi: Compagno, 1999: 116; Compagno & Ebert, 2007: 133, fig. 4d; Ebert & Compagno, 2007: 120; Ebert et al., 2008: 90; Ebert, 2014: 68, fig. 105; Ebert, 2015: 179, fig. 201; Ebert & van Hees, 2015: 147; Last et al., 2016f: 18; Last et al., 2016g: 281, fig. 19.72; Weigmann, 2016: 948. South Africa voucher material: Holotype: ZIN 48406. Ebert et al. (2008) examined 10 uncatalogued specimens at SAM. South African distribution: Endemic. West coast northwest of Strandfontein (WC) to off Port Elizabeth (EC), and KZN. Remarks: Known only from about a dozen specimens, all juveniles, it is likely misidentified with its more common congener L. wallacei. Adult specimens of this species should be saved and sent to either SAIAB or SAM. Conservation status: DD (2019)., Published as part of Ebert, David A., Wintner, Sabine P. & Kyne, Peter M., 2021, An annotated checklist of the chondrichthyans of South Africa, pp. 1-127 in Zootaxa 4947 (1) on page 81, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4947.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/4614567, {"references":["Stehmann, M. (1995) First and new records of skates (Chondrichthyes, Rajiformes, Rajidae) from the West African continental slope (Morocco to South Africa), with descriptions of two new species. Archiv f ̡ r Fischereiwissenschaft, 43 (1), 1 - 119.","Compagno, L. J. V. (1999) An overview of chondrichthyan systematics and biodiversity in southern Africa. Transactions of the Royal Society of South Africa, 54, 75 - 120. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00359199909520406","Compagno, L. J. V. & Ebert, D. A. (2007) Southern African skate biodiversity and distribution. Environmental Biology of Fishes, 80, 125 - 145. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / s 10641 - 007 - 9243 - 4","Ebert, D. A., Compagno, L. J. V. & Cowley, P. D. (2008) Aspects on the reproductive biology of skates (Chondrichthyes: Rajiformes: Rajoidei) from southern African waters. ICES Journal of Marine Science, 65, 81 - 102. https: // doi. org / 10.1093 / icesjms / fsm 169","Ebert D. A. (2014) Deep-sea cartilaginous fishes of the Indian Ocean. Vol. 2. Batoids and chimaeras. FAO Species Catalogue for Fishery Purposes No. 8. Vol. 2. FAO, Rome, 129 pp.","Ebert, D. A. (2015) Deep-sea cartilaginous fishes of the Southeastern Atlantic Ocean. FAO Species Catalogue for Fishery Purposes No. 9. FAO, Rome, 251 pp.","Ebert, D. A. & van Hees, K. E. (2015) Beyond jaws: rediscovering the \" Lost Sharks \" of southern Africa. African Journal of Marine Science, 37, 141 - 156. https: // doi. org / 10.2989 / 1814232 X. 2015.1048730","Last, P. R., Weigmann, S. & Yang, L. (2016 f) Changes to the nomenclature of the skates (Chondrichthyes: Rajiformes). In: Last, P. R. & Yearsley, G. K. (Eds.), Rays of the World: Supplementary Information. CSIRO Australian National Fish Collection, Hobart, pp. 11 - 34.","Last, P. R., Seret, B., Stehmann, M. F. W. & Weigmann, S. (2016 g) Skates. Family Rajidae. In: Last, P. R., White, W. T., de Carvalho, M. E., Seret, B., Stehmann, M. F. W. & Naylor, G. J. P. (Eds.), Rays of the World. Cornell University Press, Ithaca, New York, pp. 204 - 363. https: // doi. org / 10.1071 / 9780643109148","Weigmann, S. (2016) Annotated checklist of the living sharks, batoids and chimaeras (Chondrichthyes) of the world, with a focus on biogeographical diversity. Journal of Fish Biology, 88, 837 - 1037. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / jfb. 12874"]}

Acroteriobatus leucospilus (Norman, 1926) Greyspot Guitarfish Rhinobatus leucospilus Norman, 1926: 966, fig. 18. Syntypes: BMNH 1905.6.8.12 (1), 1920.7.23.1 (1). Type locality: Durban, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. Local synonymy: Rhinobatus blockii: Regan, 1908a: 242 (in part); Gilchrist & Thompson, 1916: 284 (in part); Smith, 1961a: non 64, pl. 3. Rhinobatus leucospilus: Norman, 1926: 966, Fig. 18; Barnard, 1927: 1014; Fowler, 1941: 313; Wallace, 1967b: 24, figs. 10, 13. Rhinobatos blochii: Smith, 1949a: fig. 61 only (= A. leucospilus). Rhinobatus annulatus: Smith, 1961a: 64 (in part), non pl. 3. Rhinobatos leucospilus: Compagno, 1986: 131, fig. 27.5; Compagno et al., 1989: 76, pl.; Heemstra & Heemstra, 2004: 78. Acroteriobatus leucospilus: NPOA, 2013: 58; da Silva et al., 2015: 247; Ebert & van Hees, 2015: 146; Last et al., 2016b: 465; Séret et al., 2016a: 81, fig. 10.3; Weigmann, 2016: 920. South Africa voucher material: Syntypes: BMNH 1905.6.8.12 (1), 1920.7.23.1 (1). Non-types: SAIAB 11142, SAIAB 11143, SAIAB 11159, SAIAB 34588, SAIAB 189087. South African distribution: Central Transkei coast (EC) to northern KZN. Remarks: This species was thought to be endemic to South Africa, but its range now appears to extend to at least Zanzibar and Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. Records of this species from Madagascar are of a different species. Conservation status: EN (2019)., Published as part of Ebert, David A., Wintner, Sabine P. & Kyne, Peter M., 2021, An annotated checklist of the chondrichthyans of South Africa, pp. 1-127 in Zootaxa 4947 (1) on pages 75-76, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4947.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/4614567, {"references":["Norman, J. R. (1926) A synopsis of the rays of the family Rhinobatidae, with a revision of the genus Rhinobatus. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 1926 (4), 941 - 982. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1096 - 3642.1926. tb 02228. x","Regan, C. T. (1908 a) A collection of fishes from the coasts of Natal, Zululand and Cape Colony. Annals of the Natal Government Museum, 1 (3), 241 - 255.","Gilchrist, J. D. F. & Thompson, W. W. (1916) A catalogue of the sea fishes recorded from Natal. Part I. Annals of the Durban Museum, 1 (3), 255 - 290.","Smith, J. L. B. (1961 a) The Sea Fishes of Southern Africa. 4 th Edition. Central News Agency Ltd., Cape Town, 580 pp.","Barnard, K. H. (1927) A monograph of the marine fishes of South Africa. Part II (Teleostei - Discocephali to end. Appendix). Annals of the South African Museum 21, 419 - 1065.","Fowler, H. W. (1941) The fishes of the groups Elasmobranchii, Holocephali, Isospondyli, and Ostarophysi obtained by the U. S. Bureau of Fisheries streamer \" Albatross \" in 1907 to 1910, chiefly in the Philippine Islands and adjacent seas. Bulletin United States National Museum, 100, 1 - 879.","Wallace, J. H. (1967 b) The batoid fishes of the east coast of southern Africa. Part I: sawfishes and guitarfishes. Investigational Report. Oceanographic Research Institute, Durban, 15, 1 - 32.","Smith, J. L. B. (1949 a) The Sea Fishes of Southern Africa. South Africa Central News Agency Ltd., 550 pp.","Compagno, L. J. V. (1986) Families Pristidae, Narkidae, Rhinobatidae, Myliobatidae, Mobulidae, Dasyatidae, Chimaeridae, Rhinochimaeridae, Callorhinchidae. In: Smith, M. M. & Heemstra, P. C. (Eds.), Smith's Sea Fishes. Macmillan, Johannesburg, pp. 110 - 142, 144 - 147.","Compagno, L. J. V., Ebert, D. A. & Smale, M. J. (1989) Guide to the Sharks and Rays of Southern Africa. Struik Publishers, Cape Town, 158 pp.","Heemstra, P. C. & Heemstra, E. (2004) Coastal Fishes of Southern Africa. National Inquiry Service Centre and South African Institute for Aquatic Biodiversity, Grahamstown, 488 pp.","NPOA. (2013) National Plan of Action for the Conservation and Management of Sharks (NPOA-Sharks). Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries (DAFF), Rogge Bay, Cape Town, 63 pp.","da Silva C., Booth, A. J., Dudley, S. F. J., Kerwath, S. E., Lamberth, S. J., Leslie, R. W., McCord, M. E., Sauer, W. H. H. & Zweig, T. (2015) A description and updated overview of the status and management of South Africa's chondrichthyan fisheries. South African Journal of Marine Science, 37, 233 - 248. https: // doi. org / 10.2989 / 1814232 X. 2015.1044471","Ebert, D. A. & van Hees, K. E. (2015) Beyond jaws: rediscovering the \" Lost Sharks \" of southern Africa. African Journal of Marine Science, 37, 141 - 156. https: // doi. org / 10.2989 / 1814232 X. 2015.1048730","Last, P. R., Seret, B. & Naylor, G. J. P. (2016 b) A new species of guitarfish, Rhinobatos borneensis sp. nov. with a redefinition of the family-level classification in the order Rhinopristiformes (Chondrichthyes: Batoidea). Zootaxa, 4117 (4), 451 - 475. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4117.4.1","Seret, B., Last, P. R. & Naylor, G. J. P. (2016 a) Guitarfishes. Family Rhinobatidae. In: Last, P. R., White, W. T., de Carvalho, M. E., Seret, B., Stehmann, M. F. W. & Naylor, G. J. P. (Eds.), Rays of the World. Cornell University Press, Ithaca, New York, pp. 77 - 109. https: // doi. org / 10.1071 / 9780643109148","Weigmann, S. (2016) Annotated checklist of the living sharks, batoids and chimaeras (Chondrichthyes) of the world, with a focus on biogeographical diversity. Journal of Fish Biology, 88, 837 - 1037. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / jfb. 12874"]}

Loxodon macrorhinus (Müller & Henle, 1839) Sliteye Shark Loxodon macrorhinus M̹ller & Henle, 1839: 61, pl. 25. Holotype: ZMB 4479. Type locality: unknown (probably Indian Ocean). Local synonymy: Loxodon macrorhinus: Bass et al., 1975b: 37, fig. 22; Compagno, 1984b: 514, fig.; Bass et al., 1986: 80, fig. 9.25; Compagno, 1988a: 16; Compagno et al., 1989: 68, pl.; Compagno, 1999: 120; Compagno et al., 2005: 314, fig., pl. 60; Ebert et al., 2013 a: 492, fig., pl. 73; Ebert & van Hees, 2015: 146; Weigmann, 2016: 861. South Africa voucher material: SAIAB 6178, SAIAB 6202, SAIAB 6211. South African distribution: Northern KZN. Remarks:A small coastal tropical species with a wide Indo-West Pacific range but occurring locally only in northern KZN. Conservation status: LC (2003). Genus Negaprion Whitley, 1940 Lemon Sharks Negaprion Whitley, 1940: 111. Type species: Aprionodon acutidens queenslandicus Whitley, 1939 b, by original designation, a junior synonym of Negaprion acutidens (R̹ppell, 1837)., Published as part of Ebert, David A., Wintner, Sabine P. & Kyne, Peter M., 2021, An annotated checklist of the chondrichthyans of South Africa, pp. 1-127 in Zootaxa 4947 (1) on page 66, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4947.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/4614567, {"references":["M ʾ ller, J. & Henle, F. G. J. (1839) s. n. In: Systematische Beschreibung der Plagiostomen. Plagiostomen, Berlin, pp. 29 - 102.","Bass, A. J., D'Aubrey, J. D. & Kistnasamy, N. (1975 b) Sharks of the east coast of southern Africa. III. The families Carcharhinidae (excluding Mustelus and Carcharhinus) and Sphyrnidae. Investigational Report. Oceanographic Research Institute, Durban, 38, 1 - 100.","Compagno, L. J. V. (1984 b) FAO Species Catalogue. Sharks of the World. An Annotated and Illustrated Catalogue of Shark Species Known to Date. FAO Fisheries Synopsis. Vol. 4. No. 125. Part 2. Carcharhiniformes. FAO, Rome, pp. 251 - 655.","Bass, A. J. & Compagno, L. J. V. (1986) Families Echinorhinidae, Proscyllidae, Odontaspidiidae, Mitsukurinidae. In: Smith, M. M. & Heemstra, P. C. (Eds.), Smith's Sea Fishes. Macmillan, Johannesburg, pp. 63 + 103 + 104 - 105.","Compagno, L. J. V. (1988 a) Sharks of the Order Carcharhiniformes. Princeton University Press, Princeton, New Jersey, 486 pp.","Compagno, L. J. V., Ebert, D. A. & Smale, M. J. (1989) Guide to the Sharks and Rays of Southern Africa. Struik Publishers, Cape Town, 158 pp.","Compagno, L. J. V. (1999) An overview of chondrichthyan systematics and biodiversity in southern Africa. Transactions of the Royal Society of South Africa, 54, 75 - 120. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00359199909520406","Compagno, L., Dando, M. & Fowler, S. (2005) Field Guide to the Sharks of the World. Harper Collins Publishers Ltd, London, 368 pp.","Ebert, D. A., Fowler, S. & Compagno, L. J. V. (2013) Sharks of the World: A Fully Illustrated Guide to the Sharks of the World. Wild Nature Press, Plymouth, 528 pp.","Ebert, D. A. & van Hees, K. E. (2015) Beyond jaws: rediscovering the \" Lost Sharks \" of southern Africa. African Journal of Marine Science, 37, 141 - 156. https: // doi. org / 10.2989 / 1814232 X. 2015.1048730","Weigmann, S. (2016) Annotated checklist of the living sharks, batoids and chimaeras (Chondrichthyes) of the world, with a focus on biogeographical diversity. Journal of Fish Biology, 88, 837 - 1037. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / jfb. 12874","Whitley, G. P. (1940) The Fishes of Australia. Part I. The Sharks, Rays, Devil-fish, and Other Primitive Fishes of Australia and New Zealand. Australian Zoological Handbook. Royal Zoological Society of New South Wales, Sydney, 280 pp.","Whitley, G. P. (1939) Taxonomic notes on sharks and rays. Australian Zoologist, 9 (3), 227 - 262."]}

Urogymnus asperrimus (Bloch & Schneider, 1801) Porcupine Ray Raja asperrima Bloch & Schneider, 1801: 367. Holotype: ZMB 7836 (dry skin, partial specimen). Type locality: Mumbai, India. Local synonymy: Urogymnus africanus: Smith, 1952a: 225; Smith, 1961a: 512, fig. 82a: Smith, 1965: 512, fig. 82a. Urogymnus asperrimus: Compagno & Heemstra, 1984: 3; Compagno, 1986: 141, fig. 30.15; Compagno et al., 1989: 110, pl.; Compagno, 1999: 117; Ebert & van Hees, 2015: 147; Last et al., 2016h: 363; Last et al., 2016i: 614, fig. 25.85; Weigmann, 2016: 977. South Africa voucher material: None known in South African museums. South African distribution: Along the KZN coast to the Mozambique border. Remarks: A very little known species in South Africa, it is wide-ranging throughout the tropical Indo-West Pacific. Generally rare, but can be locally common at certain locations (e.g. in parts of Australia). Conservation status: VU (2016)., Published as part of Ebert, David A., Wintner, Sabine P. & Kyne, Peter M., 2021, An annotated checklist of the chondrichthyans of South Africa, pp. 1-127 in Zootaxa 4947 (1) on page 96, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4947.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/4614567, {"references":["Bloch, M. E. & Schneider, J. G. (1801) Systema ichthyologiae iconibus ex illustratum. Vol. 2. Sumtibus auctoris impressum et Bibliopolio Sanderiano commissum, Berlin, 584 pp.","Smith, J. L. B. (1952 a) A new hound shark from South Africa, and new records. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Series 12, 5, 223 - 226. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222935208654285","Smith, J. L. B. (1961 a) The Sea Fishes of Southern Africa. 4 th Edition. Central News Agency Ltd., Cape Town, 580 pp.","Smith, J. L. B. (1965) The Sea Fishes of Southern Africa. 5 th Edition. Central News Agency Ltd., 580 pp.","Compagno, L. J. V. & Heemstra, P. C. (1984) Himantura draco, a new species of stingray (Myliobatiformes: Dasyatidae) from South Africa, with a key to the Dasyatidae and the first record of Dasyatis kuhlii (M ʾ ller & Henle, 1841) from southern Africa. J. L. B. Smith Institute of Ichthyology Special Publication, 33, 1 - 17.","Compagno, L. J. V. (1986) Families Pristidae, Narkidae, Rhinobatidae, Myliobatidae, Mobulidae, Dasyatidae, Chimaeridae, Rhinochimaeridae, Callorhinchidae. In: Smith, M. M. & Heemstra, P. C. (Eds.), Smith's Sea Fishes. Macmillan, Johannesburg, pp. 110 - 142, 144 - 147.","Compagno, L. J. V., Ebert, D. A. & Smale, M. J. (1989) Guide to the Sharks and Rays of Southern Africa. Struik Publishers, Cape Town, 158 pp.","Compagno, L. J. V. (1999) An overview of chondrichthyan systematics and biodiversity in southern Africa. Transactions of the Royal Society of South Africa, 54, 75 - 120. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00359199909520406","Ebert, D. A. & van Hees, K. E. (2015) Beyond jaws: rediscovering the \" Lost Sharks \" of southern Africa. African Journal of Marine Science, 37, 141 - 156. https: // doi. org / 10.2989 / 1814232 X. 2015.1048730","Last, P. R., Naylor, G. J. P. & Manjaji-Matsumoto, B. M. (2016 h) A revised classification of the family Dasyatidae (Chondrichthyes: Myliobatiformes) based on new morphological and molecular insights. Zootaxa, 4139 (3), 345 - 368. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4139.3.2","Last, P. R., Manjaji-Matsumoto, B. M., Naylor, G. J. P. & White, W. T. (2016 i) Stingrays. Family Dasyatidae. In: Last, P. R., White, W. T., de Carvalho, M. E., Seret, B., Stehmann, M. F. W. & Naylor, G. J. P. (Eds.), Rays of the World. Cornell University Press, Ithaca, New York, pp. 522 - 618. https: // doi. org / 10.1071 / 9780643109148","Weigmann, S. (2016) Annotated checklist of the living sharks, batoids and chimaeras (Chondrichthyes) of the world, with a focus on biogeographical diversity. Journal of Fish Biology, 88, 837 - 1037. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / jfb. 12874"]}

Heptranchias perlo (Bonnaterre, 1788) Sharpnose Sevengill Shark Squalus perlo Bonnaterre, 1788: 10. Holotype: unknown. Type locality: “La Méditerranée” [Mediterranean Sea]. Local synonymy: Heptranchias cinereus: Duméril, 1865: 437, pl. 4.? Heptranchis pectorosus: Barnard, 1925: 21, fig. 1, pl. 1 (in part, teeth appear to be H. perlo). Heptranchias perlo: Smith, 1953: 511; Smith, 1965: 511; Bass et al., 1975d: 11, fig. 7, pl. 4; Compagno, 1984a: 17, fig.; Bass et al., 1986: 45, fig. 2.1; Compagno et al., 1989: 18, pl.; Ebert, 1990: 38, fig. 3.13; Compagno, et al., 1991: 51; Compagno, 1999: 114; Heemstra & Heemstra, 2004: 52; Compagno et al., 2005: 66, fig., pl. 1; Barnett et al., 2012: 968; Ebert, 2013: 39, fig. 30; Ebert et al., 2013 a: 68, fig., pl. 1; Ebert & Mostarda, 2013: 9, fig.; NPOA, 2013: 36; Ebert & Dando, 2014: 77, fig.; da Silva et al., 2015: 247; Ebert, 2015: 42, fig. 38; Ebert & Mostarda, 2015: 9, fig.; Ebert & van Hees, 2015: 144; Compagno, 2016: 1148; Weigmann, 2016: 887. South Africa voucher material: SAIAB 6064, SAIAB 6246 [former ORI 453], SAIAB 6255, SAIAB 189030, SAIAB 193573, SAIAB 201757. Ebert (1990) examined numerous South African specimens, many of which are now in the fish collection (uncatalogued) at SAM. South Africa distribution: Cape Agulhas (WC) to the KZN border with Mozambique. Remarks: The species is most common off KZN, but individuals have been taken during survey cruises at least as far west as Cape Agulhas (WC). Early records of this species may have been misidentified with its larger congener (N. cepedianus), which mostly occurs in Cape waters. Barnard (1925: fig. 1, pl. 1) illustrates a sevengill shark that appears to be Notorynchus cepedianus, but the associated teeth are more consistent with those of H. perlo. Conservation status: NT (2020). Genus Hexanchus Rafinesque, 1810a Sixgill Sharks Hexanchus Rafinesque, 1810a: 14. Type species: “ Squalus griseus Lacépède ”, by original designation, a junior synonym of Squalus griseus Bonnaterre, 1788., Published as part of Ebert, David A., Wintner, Sabine P. & Kyne, Peter M., 2021, An annotated checklist of the chondrichthyans of South Africa, pp. 1-127 in Zootaxa 4947 (1) on page 18, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4947.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/4614567, {"references":["Bonnaterre, J. P. (1788) Tableau encyclopedique et methodique des trois regnes de la nature. Ichthyologie, Paris, 215 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 11660","Dumeril, A. H. A. (1865) Histoire naturelle des poissons ou ichthyologie generale. Tome Premier. I. Elasmobranches. Plagiostomes et Holocephales ou Chimeres. Vol. 1. Librarie Encylopedique de Roret, Paris, 720 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 2111","Barnard, K. H. (1925) A monograph of the marine fishes of South Africa. Part I (Amphioxus, Cyclostomata, Elasmobranchii, and Teleostei-Isospondyli to Heterosomata). Annals of the South African Museum, 21, 1 - 418.","Smith, J. L. B. (1953) The Sea Fishes of Southern Africa. 3 rd Edition. South Africa Central News Agency Ltd., 564 pp.","Smith, J. L. B. (1965) The Sea Fishes of Southern Africa. 5 th Edition. Central News Agency Ltd., 580 pp.","Bass, A. J., D'Aubrey, J. D. & Kistnasamy, N. (1975 d) Sharks of the east coast of southern Africa. V. The families Hexanchidae, Chlamydoselachidae, Heterodontidae, Pristiophoridae, and Squatinidae. Investigational Report. Oceanographic Research Institute, Durban, 43, 1 - 50.","Compagno, L. J. V. (1984 a) FAO Species Catalogue. Sharks of the World. An Annotated and Illustrated Catalogue of Shark Species Known to Date. FAO Fisheries Synopsis. Vol. 4. No. 125. Part 1. Hexanchiformes to Lamniformes. FAO, Rome, pp. 1 - 250.","Bass, A. J. & Compagno, L. J. V. (1986) Families Echinorhinidae, Proscyllidae, Odontaspidiidae, Mitsukurinidae. In: Smith, M. M. & Heemstra, P. C. (Eds.), Smith's Sea Fishes. Macmillan, Johannesburg, pp. 63 + 103 + 104 - 105.","Compagno, L. J. V., Ebert, D. A. & Smale, M. J. (1989) Guide to the Sharks and Rays of Southern Africa. Struik Publishers, Cape Town, 158 pp.","Ebert, D. A. (1990) The taxonomy, biogeography and biology of cow and frilled sharks (Chondrichthyes: Hexanchiformes). Unpublished Ph. D. dissertation, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, 308 pp.","Compagno, L. J. V. (1999) An overview of chondrichthyan systematics and biodiversity in southern Africa. Transactions of the Royal Society of South Africa, 54, 75 - 120. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00359199909520406","Heemstra, P. C. & Heemstra, E. (2004) Coastal Fishes of Southern Africa. National Inquiry Service Centre and South African Institute for Aquatic Biodiversity, Grahamstown, 488 pp.","Compagno, L., Dando, M. & Fowler, S. (2005) Field Guide to the Sharks of the World. Harper Collins Publishers Ltd, London, 368 pp.","Barnett, A., Braccini, J. M., Awruch, C. A. & Ebert, D. A. (2012) An overview on the role of Hexanchiformes in marine ecosystems: biology, ecology and conservation status of a primitive order of modern sharks. Journal Fish Biology, 80, 966 - 990. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1095 - 8649.2012.03242. x","Ebert D. A. (2013) Deep-sea cartilaginous fishes of the Indian Ocean. Vol. 1. Sharks. FAO Species Catalogue for Fishery Purposes No. 8. Vol. 1. FAO, Rome, 256 pp.","Ebert, D. A., Fowler, S. & Compagno, L. J. V. (2013) Sharks of the World: A Fully Illustrated Guide to the Sharks of the World. Wild Nature Press, Plymouth, 528 pp.","Ebert, D. A. & Mostarda, E. (2013) Identification Guide to the Deep-sea Cartilaginous Fishes of the Indian Ocean. FishFinder Programme, FAO, Rome, 76 pp.","NPOA. (2013) National Plan of Action for the Conservation and Management of Sharks (NPOA-Sharks). Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries (DAFF), Rogge Bay, Cape Town, 63 pp.","Ebert, D. A. & Dando, M. (2014) On Board Guide for the Identification of Pelagic Sharks and Rays of the Western Indian Ocean. SmartFish Programme, FAO, Rome & Indian Ocean Commission, Port Louis, 109 pp.","da Silva C., Booth, A. J., Dudley, S. F. J., Kerwath, S. E., Lamberth, S. J., Leslie, R. W., McCord, M. E., Sauer, W. H. H. & Zweig, T. (2015) A description and updated overview of the status and management of South Africa's chondrichthyan fisheries. South African Journal of Marine Science, 37, 233 - 248. https: // doi. org / 10.2989 / 1814232 X. 2015.1044471","Ebert, D. A. (2015) Deep-sea cartilaginous fishes of the Southeastern Atlantic Ocean. FAO Species Catalogue for Fishery Purposes No. 9. FAO, Rome, 251 pp.","Ebert, D. A. & Mostarda, E. (2015) Identification Guide to the Deep-sea Cartilaginous Fishes of the Southeastern Atlantic Ocean. FishFinder Programme, FAO, Rome, 70 pp.","Ebert, D. A. & van Hees, K. E. (2015) Beyond jaws: rediscovering the \" Lost Sharks \" of southern Africa. African Journal of Marine Science, 37, 141 - 156. https: // doi. org / 10.2989 / 1814232 X. 2015.1048730","Compagno, L. J. V. (2016) Sharks. In: Carpenter, K. E. & De Angelis, N. (Eds.), The Living Marine Resources of the Eastern Central Atlantic. Vol. 2. Bivalves, Gastropods, Hagfishes, Sharks, Batoid Fishes, and Chimaeras. FAO Species Identification Guide for Fishery Purposes. FAO, Rome, pp. 1122 - 1336.","Weigmann, S. (2016) Annotated checklist of the living sharks, batoids and chimaeras (Chondrichthyes) of the world, with a focus on biogeographical diversity. Journal of Fish Biology, 88, 837 - 1037. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / jfb. 12874","Rafinesque, C. S. (1810 a) s. n. In: Caratteri di alcuni nuovi generi e nuove specie di animali e piante della Sicilia, con varie osservazioni sopra i medisimi. Part 1 (involves fishes). Sanfilippo, Palermo, pp. 3 - 69. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 104418"]}

Sphyrna lewini (Griffith & Smith, 1834) Scalloped Hammerhead Zygaena lewini Griffith & Smith, 1834: 640, pl. 50. No types known. Type locality: south coast of Australia [New Holland]. Local synonymy: Sphyrna lewini: D’Aubrey, 1964a: 46, pl. 27; Gilbert, 1967: 37, figs. 10, 21d, pl. 3, 6b, 9b, 10b (revision of family); Bass et al., 1975b: 42, fig. 24; Compagno, 1984b: 545, fig.; Bass, 1986: 97, fig. 13.1, pl. 2; Cliff & Wilson, 1986: 27; Compagno, 1988a: 35; Compagno et al., 1989: 72, pl.; Compagno, 1999: 120; Heemstra & Heemstra, 2004: 68; Compagno et al., 2005: 323, fig., pl. 64; Ebert et al., 2013 a: 504, fig., pl. 75; Mann, 2013: 283; NPOA, 2013: 48; Ebert & Dando, 2014: 15, fig.; da Silva et al., 2015: 248; Ebert & van Hees, 2015: 146; Compagno, 2016: 1331; Weigmann, 2016: 881. South Africa voucher material: SAIAB 6111, SAIAB 6112 [ex ORI 1545], SAIAB 6114 [ex ORI 1544], SAIAB 201709. South African distribution: Port St. John’s (EC) to the KZN border with Mozambique. Remarks: The most common hammerhead on the east coast of South Africa. It forms large aggregations at times, especially during the fall and summer months. The Thukela Bank (KZN) appears to be a nursery ground (Fennessy, 1994; de Bruyn et al., 2005) as does the Port St. Johns area on the Transkei coast (EC). Conservation status: CR (2019)., Published as part of Ebert, David A., Wintner, Sabine P. & Kyne, Peter M., 2021, An annotated checklist of the chondrichthyans of South Africa, pp. 1-127 in Zootaxa 4947 (1) on page 69, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4947.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/4614567, {"references":["Griffith, E. & Smith, C. H. (1834) The class Pisces, arranged by the Baron Cuvier, with supplementary additions, by Edward Griffith, F. R. S. & c. and Lieut. - Col. Charles Hamilton Smith, F. R., L. S. S., & c. & c. In: Cuvier, G. (Ed.), The Animal Kingdom, Arranged in Conformity with its Organization, by the Baron Cuvier, Member of the Institute of France ... with Supplementary Additions to each Order, by Edward Griffith ... and Others. 2 nd Edition. Whittaker & Co., London, pp. 1 - 680.","D'Aubrey, J. D. (1964 a) Preliminary guide to the sharks found off the east coast of South Africa. South African Association for Marine Biological Research, Oceanographic Research Institute, Investigational Report, 8, 1 - 95.","Gilbert, C. R. (1967) A revision of the hammerhead sharks (family Sphyrnidae). Proceedings of the United States National Museum, 119 (3539), 1 - 88. https: // doi. org / 10.5479 / si. 00963801.119 - 3539.1","Bass, A. J., D'Aubrey, J. D. & Kistnasamy, N. (1975 b) Sharks of the east coast of southern Africa. III. The families Carcharhinidae (excluding Mustelus and Carcharhinus) and Sphyrnidae. Investigational Report. Oceanographic Research Institute, Durban, 38, 1 - 100.","Compagno, L. J. V. (1984 b) FAO Species Catalogue. Sharks of the World. An Annotated and Illustrated Catalogue of Shark Species Known to Date. FAO Fisheries Synopsis. Vol. 4. No. 125. Part 2. Carcharhiniformes. FAO, Rome, pp. 251 - 655.","Bass, A. J. (1986) Families Chlamydoselachidae, Heterodontidae, Orectolobidae, Rhinicodontidae, Scyliorhinidae, Pseudotriakidae, Sphyrnidae, Lamnidae, Cetorhinidae, Alopiidae, Pseudocarchariidae, Squatinidae. In: Smith, M. M. & Heemstra, P. C. (Eds.), Smith's Sea Fishes. Macmillan, Johannesburg, pp. 47 - 48 + 64 - 66 + 87 - 102 + 103 + 107.","Cliff, G. & Wilson, R. B. (1986) Natal Sharks Board's Field Guide to Sharks and Other Marine Animals. Natal Sharks Board, Umhlanga Rocks, 57 pp.","Compagno, L. J. V. (1988 a) Sharks of the Order Carcharhiniformes. Princeton University Press, Princeton, New Jersey, 486 pp.","Compagno, L. J. V., Ebert, D. A. & Smale, M. J. (1989) Guide to the Sharks and Rays of Southern Africa. Struik Publishers, Cape Town, 158 pp.","Compagno, L. J. V. (1999) An overview of chondrichthyan systematics and biodiversity in southern Africa. Transactions of the Royal Society of South Africa, 54, 75 - 120. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00359199909520406","Heemstra, P. C. & Heemstra, E. (2004) Coastal Fishes of Southern Africa. National Inquiry Service Centre and South African Institute for Aquatic Biodiversity, Grahamstown, 488 pp.","Compagno, L., Dando, M. & Fowler, S. (2005) Field Guide to the Sharks of the World. Harper Collins Publishers Ltd, London, 368 pp.","Ebert, D. A., Fowler, S. & Compagno, L. J. V. (2013) Sharks of the World: A Fully Illustrated Guide to the Sharks of the World. Wild Nature Press, Plymouth, 528 pp.","Mann, B. Q. (2013) Southern African marine linefish species profiles. Oceanographic Research Institute, Special Publication, 9, 1 - 343.","NPOA. (2013) National Plan of Action for the Conservation and Management of Sharks (NPOA-Sharks). Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries (DAFF), Rogge Bay, Cape Town, 63 pp.","Ebert, D. A. & Dando, M. (2014) On Board Guide for the Identification of Pelagic Sharks and Rays of the Western Indian Ocean. SmartFish Programme, FAO, Rome & Indian Ocean Commission, Port Louis, 109 pp.","da Silva C., Booth, A. J., Dudley, S. F. J., Kerwath, S. E., Lamberth, S. J., Leslie, R. W., McCord, M. E., Sauer, W. H. H. & Zweig, T. (2015) A description and updated overview of the status and management of South Africa's chondrichthyan fisheries. South African Journal of Marine Science, 37, 233 - 248. https: // doi. org / 10.2989 / 1814232 X. 2015.1044471","Ebert, D. A. & van Hees, K. E. (2015) Beyond jaws: rediscovering the \" Lost Sharks \" of southern Africa. African Journal of Marine Science, 37, 141 - 156. https: // doi. org / 10.2989 / 1814232 X. 2015.1048730","Compagno, L. J. V. (2016) Sharks. In: Carpenter, K. E. & De Angelis, N. (Eds.), The Living Marine Resources of the Eastern Central Atlantic. Vol. 2. Bivalves, Gastropods, Hagfishes, Sharks, Batoid Fishes, and Chimaeras. FAO Species Identification Guide for Fishery Purposes. FAO, Rome, pp. 1122 - 1336.","Weigmann, S. (2016) Annotated checklist of the living sharks, batoids and chimaeras (Chondrichthyes) of the world, with a focus on biogeographical diversity. Journal of Fish Biology, 88, 837 - 1037. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / jfb. 12874","Fennessy, S. T. (1994) Incidental capture of elasmobranchs by commercial prawn trawlers on the Tugela Bank, Natal, South Africa. South African Journal of Marine Science, 14 (1), 287 - 296. https: // doi. org / 10.2989 / 025776194784287094","De Bruyn, P., Dudley, S. F. J., Cliff, G. & Smale, M. J. (2005) Sharks caught in the protective gill nets off KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. 11. The scalloped hammerhead shark Sphyrna lewini (Griffith and Smith). African Journal of Marine Science, 27 (3), 517 - 528. https: // doi. org / 10.2989 / 18142320509504112"]}

Centrophorus uyato (Rafinesque, 1815) Little Gulper Shark Squalus uyato Rafinesque, 1815: 13, fig. 2, pl. 14. Type:no known types. Type locality: off Sicily, Italy, Mediterranean Sea. Local synonymy: Centrophorus uyato: Bass et al., 1976: 31, fig. 22; Compagno et al., 1989: 24, pl.; Weigmann, 2016: 891. Centrophorus cf. uyato: Ebert, 2015: 63, fig. 66; Ebert & van Hees, 2015: 144. South Africa voucher material: SAIAB 25920, SAIAB 25922. Specimens in South African museum collections identified as C. granulosus and other unidentified species should be re-examined to confirm their identification as C. uyato. South Africa distribution: Off the west coast from the Orange River (NC) and most likely off the EC and KZN. Remarks: In South African waters, both C. granulosus and C. uyato occur, but historically have been misidentified. Compagno et al. (1991) listed C. uyato in synonymy with C. granulosus, but there were in fact two species involved: a large species now known to be C. granulosus and a small species now referred to as C. uyato. In addition, a third species, C. lesliei, recently described from West Africa and the Mozambique Channel, is likely to eventually be found in South African waters. The species name C. uyato has been problematic since it appears to have been based on a species of Squalus from the Mediterranean Sea. However, only one species of Centrophorus occurs in the Mediterranean Sea and it has incorrectly been referred to as C. granulosus. A review of the genus is presently ongoing to clarify the status of this small species of Centrophorus (D.A. Ebert, W.T. White, unpubl. data). Conservation status: EN (2020). Genus Deania Jordon & Snyder, 1902 Birdbeaked Dogfishes Deania Jordan & Snyder, 1902: 80. Type species: Deania eglantina Jordan & Snyder, 1902, by monotypy, a junior synonym of Acanthidium calceum Lowe, 1839. Remarks: Three species of Deania (D. calceus, D. profundorum, D. quadrispinosa) have long been reported to occur in South African waters, however a fourth species (D. hystricosa) was listed by Compagno (1999), but without explanation. Compagno (2016) and Weigmann (2016) subsequently listed this species as occurring off South Africa, but we are unaware of any verified specimens attributed to this species. Furthermore, the validity of D. hystricosa and the nomenclature for the genus is currently under investigation (S. Tanaka, Tokai University, pers. comm.)., Published as part of Ebert, David A., Wintner, Sabine P. & Kyne, Peter M., 2021, An annotated checklist of the chondrichthyans of South Africa, pp. 1-127 in Zootaxa 4947 (1) on page 25, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4947.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/4614567, {"references":["Rafinesque, C. S. (1815) Analyse de la nature, ou tableau de l'univers et des corps organises. Aux deipens de l'auteur, Palerme, 224 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 106607","Bass, A. J., D'Aubrey, J. D. & Kistnasamy, N. (1976) Sharks of the east coast of southern Africa. VI. The families Oxynotidae, Squalidae, Dalatiidae and Echinorhinidae. Investigational Report. Oceanographic Research Institute, Durban, 45, 1 - 103.","Compagno, L. J. V., Ebert, D. A. & Smale, M. J. (1989) Guide to the Sharks and Rays of Southern Africa. Struik Publishers, Cape Town, 158 pp.","Weigmann, S. (2016) Annotated checklist of the living sharks, batoids and chimaeras (Chondrichthyes) of the world, with a focus on biogeographical diversity. Journal of Fish Biology, 88, 837 - 1037. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / jfb. 12874","Ebert, D. A. (2015) Deep-sea cartilaginous fishes of the Southeastern Atlantic Ocean. FAO Species Catalogue for Fishery Purposes No. 9. FAO, Rome, 251 pp.","Ebert, D. A. & van Hees, K. E. (2015) Beyond jaws: rediscovering the \" Lost Sharks \" of southern Africa. African Journal of Marine Science, 37, 141 - 156. https: // doi. org / 10.2989 / 1814232 X. 2015.1048730","Compagno, L. J. V., Ebert, D. A. & Cowley, P. D. (1991) Distribution of offshore demersal cartilaginous fishes (class Chondrichthyes) of the west coast of southern Africa, with notes on their systematics. South African Journal of Marine Science, 11, 43 - 139. https: // doi. org / 10.2989 / 025776191784287664","Jordan, D. S. & Snyder, J. O. (1902) Descriptions of two new species of squaloid sharks from Japan. Proceedings of the United States National Museum, 25, 79 - 81. https: // doi. org / 10.5479 / si. 00963801.25 - 1279.79","Lowe, R. T. (1839) A supplement to a synopsis of the fishes of Madeira. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 1839 (Pt. 7), 76 - 92.","Compagno, L. J. V. (1999) An overview of chondrichthyan systematics and biodiversity in southern Africa. Transactions of the Royal Society of South Africa, 54, 75 - 120. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00359199909520406","Compagno, L. J. V. (2016) Sharks. In: Carpenter, K. E. & De Angelis, N. (Eds.), The Living Marine Resources of the Eastern Central Atlantic. Vol. 2. Bivalves, Gastropods, Hagfishes, Sharks, Batoid Fishes, and Chimaeras. FAO Species Identification Guide for Fishery Purposes. FAO, Rome, pp. 1122 - 1336."]}

Halaelurus lineatus Bass, D’Aubrey, & Kistnasamy, 1975a Lined Catshark Halaelurus lineatus Bass, D’Aubrey, & Kistnasamy, 1975a: 12, figs, 8, 20e. Holotype: SAIAB [formerly RUSI] 6148 [ex ORI 2935]. Local synonymy: Halaelurus lineatus: Bass et al., 1975a: 12, figs. 8, 20e; Springer, 1979: 79; Compagno, 1984b: 327, fig.; Bass, 1986: 90, fig. 11.5; Compagno, 1988a: 147; Compagno et al., 1989: 52, pl.; Compagno, 1999: 119; Heemstra & Heemstra, 2004: 66; Compagno et al., 2005: 233, fig., pl. 39; Ebert et al., 2013 a: 351, fig., pl. 47; NPOA, 2013: 45; da Silva et al., 2015: 248; Ebert & van Hees, 2015: 147; Weigmann, 2016: 876. South Africa voucher material: Holotype: SAIAB [formerly RUSI] 6148 [ex ORI 2935]. Paratypes: SAIAB [formerly RUSI] 6161 [ex ORI 2614] (1, hatched from egg case), 6162 [ex ORI 2619] (1, hatched from egg case), 6147 [ex ORI 2936]. South African distribution: East London (EC) to the KZN border with Mozambique. Remarks: A common coastal catshark frequently caught by shore anglers and by commercial offshore trawlers. Conservation status: LC (2019)., Published as part of Ebert, David A., Wintner, Sabine P. & Kyne, Peter M., 2021, An annotated checklist of the chondrichthyans of South Africa, pp. 1-127 in Zootaxa 4947 (1) on pages 47-48, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4947.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/4614567, {"references":["Bass, A. J., D'Aubrey, J. D. & Kistnasamy, N. (1975 a) Sharks of the east coast of southern Africa. II. The families Scyliorhinidae and Pseudotriakidae. Investigational Report. Oceanographic Research Institute, Durban, 37, 1 - 64.","Springer, S. (1979) A revision of the catsharks, family Scyliorhinidae. NOAA (National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration) Technical Report NMFS (National Marine Fisheries Service) Circular, 422, 1 - 152. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 63029","Compagno, L. J. V. (1984 b) FAO Species Catalogue. Sharks of the World. An Annotated and Illustrated Catalogue of Shark Species Known to Date. FAO Fisheries Synopsis. Vol. 4. No. 125. Part 2. Carcharhiniformes. FAO, Rome, pp. 251 - 655.","Bass, A. J. (1986) Families Chlamydoselachidae, Heterodontidae, Orectolobidae, Rhinicodontidae, Scyliorhinidae, Pseudotriakidae, Sphyrnidae, Lamnidae, Cetorhinidae, Alopiidae, Pseudocarchariidae, Squatinidae. In: Smith, M. M. & Heemstra, P. C. (Eds.), Smith's Sea Fishes. Macmillan, Johannesburg, pp. 47 - 48 + 64 - 66 + 87 - 102 + 103 + 107.","Compagno, L. J. V. (1988 a) Sharks of the Order Carcharhiniformes. Princeton University Press, Princeton, New Jersey, 486 pp.","Compagno, L. J. V., Ebert, D. A. & Smale, M. J. (1989) Guide to the Sharks and Rays of Southern Africa. Struik Publishers, Cape Town, 158 pp.","Compagno, L. J. V. (1999) An overview of chondrichthyan systematics and biodiversity in southern Africa. Transactions of the Royal Society of South Africa, 54, 75 - 120. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00359199909520406","Heemstra, P. C. & Heemstra, E. (2004) Coastal Fishes of Southern Africa. National Inquiry Service Centre and South African Institute for Aquatic Biodiversity, Grahamstown, 488 pp.","Compagno, L., Dando, M. & Fowler, S. (2005) Field Guide to the Sharks of the World. Harper Collins Publishers Ltd, London, 368 pp.","Ebert, D. A., Fowler, S. & Compagno, L. J. V. (2013) Sharks of the World: A Fully Illustrated Guide to the Sharks of the World. Wild Nature Press, Plymouth, 528 pp.","NPOA. (2013) National Plan of Action for the Conservation and Management of Sharks (NPOA-Sharks). Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries (DAFF), Rogge Bay, Cape Town, 63 pp.","da Silva C., Booth, A. J., Dudley, S. F. J., Kerwath, S. E., Lamberth, S. J., Leslie, R. W., McCord, M. E., Sauer, W. H. H. & Zweig, T. (2015) A description and updated overview of the status and management of South Africa's chondrichthyan fisheries. South African Journal of Marine Science, 37, 233 - 248. https: // doi. org / 10.2989 / 1814232 X. 2015.1044471","Ebert, D. A. & van Hees, K. E. (2015) Beyond jaws: rediscovering the \" Lost Sharks \" of southern Africa. African Journal of Marine Science, 37, 141 - 156. https: // doi. org / 10.2989 / 1814232 X. 2015.1048730","Weigmann, S. (2016) Annotated checklist of the living sharks, batoids and chimaeras (Chondrichthyes) of the world, with a focus on biogeographical diversity. Journal of Fish Biology, 88, 837 - 1037. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / jfb. 12874"]}

Isurus oxyrinchus Rafinesque, 1810a Shortfin Mako Shark Isurus oxyrinchus Rafinesque, 1810a: 12, pl. 13, fig. 1. Also Rafinesque, 1810b: 45. Holotype unknown. Type locality: Sicily, Mediterranean Sea. Local synonymy: Lamna glauca: M̹ller & Henle, 1839: 69, pl. 29; G̹nther, 1870: 391 (Cape seas); Gilchrist, 1902 164; Thompson, 1914: 145. Isurus glaucus: M̹ller & Henle, 1839: 69, pl. 29; Fowler, 1941: 104 (Cape of Good Hope); Barnard, 1947: 10, fig. 1, pl. 2; Smith, 1949a: 50, pl. 1; Smith, 1957d: 94, fig. 1; D’Aubrey, 1964a: 15, pl. 3. Isurus glauca: Barnard, 1925: 33 (Cape seas; not fig. 6, pl. 1, = Lamna nasus). Isurus bideni: Phillipps, 1932: 227, fig. 2 (original description, South Africa); Fowler, 1941: 104; Barnard, 1948: 342. Isurus oxyrinchus: Bigelow & Schroeder, 1948b: 124; Smith, 1957d: 94, fig. 1; Smith, 1958a: 134, fig. 2; Smith, 1965: 511, fig. 28a; Bass et al., 1975c: 27, figs. 13–14, pl. 2; Compagno, 1984a: 242, fig.; Bass, 1986: 99, fig. 14.2, pl. 1; Cliff & Wilson, 1986: 11; Compagno et al., 1989: 44, pl.; Compagno et al., 1991: 74; Compagno, 1999: 118; Heemstra & Heemstra, 2004: 71; Compagno et al., 2005: 182, fig., pl. 30; Ebert et al., 2013 a: 230, fig., pl. 28; Foulis & Groeneveld, 2013: 100; Mann, 2013: 100; NPOA, 2013: 49; Ebert & Dando, 2014: 49, fig.; da Silva et al., 2015: 247; Ebert & van Hees, 2015: 145; Compagno, 2016: 1245; Weigmann, 2016: 850. Isurus tigris: Smith, 1957d: 94, fig. 1. Isurus tigris africanus: Smith, 1957d: 96, fig. 1, pl. 1 (original description of subspecies); Smith, 1958a: 134. Isurus africanus: Smith, 1958a: 134; Smith, 1965: 565, pl. 108. South Africa voucher material: SAIAB 426, SAIAB 6014 [former ORI 2418], SAIAB 6916 [former ORI 92], SAIAB 6917 [former ORI 97], SAIAB 6918 [former ORI 101], SAIAB 6919 [former ORI 272], SAIAB 6920 [former ORI 307], SAIAB 6921 [former ORI 329], SAIAB 6922 [former ORI 449], SAIAB 6923 [former ORI 240], SAIAB 12828, SAIAB 12999, SAIAB 25194, SAIAB 75571, SAIAB 200724, SAIAB 200726, SAIAB 200727, SAIAB 202983, SAIAB 203562. South African distribution: Occurs along the entire coast from the Orange River (NC) to the KZN border with Mozambique. Remarks: A common offshore, pelagic species in South African waters. Conservation status: EN (2019)., Published as part of Ebert, David A., Wintner, Sabine P. & Kyne, Peter M., 2021, An annotated checklist of the chondrichthyans of South Africa, pp. 1-127 in Zootaxa 4947 (1) on page 44, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4947.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/4614567, {"references":["Rafinesque, C. S. (1810 a) s. n. In: Caratteri di alcuni nuovi generi e nuove specie di animali e piante della Sicilia, con varie osservazioni sopra i medisimi. Part 1 (involves fishes). Sanfilippo, Palermo, pp. 3 - 69. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 104418","Rafinesque, C. S. (1810 b) Indice d'ittiologia siciliana; ossia, catalogo metodico dei nomi latini, italiani, e siciliani dei pesci, che si rinvengono in Sicilia disposti secondo un metodo naturale e seguito da un appendice che contiene la descrizione de alcuni nuovi pesci siciliani. Presso Giovanni del Nobolo, con approvazzione, Messina, 70 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 6893","M ʾ ller, J. & Henle, F. G. J. (1839) s. n. In: Systematische Beschreibung der Plagiostomen. Plagiostomen, Berlin, pp. 29 - 102.","Gilchrist, J. D. F. (1902) Catalogue of fishes recorded from South Africa. Cape of Good Hope, Department of Agriculture, Marine Investigations in South Africa, 1, 97 - 179.","Thompson, W. W. (1914) Catalogue of the fishes of the Cape Province (Pt 1). Marine Biological Report, Cape Town, 2 (8), 132 - 167.","Fowler, H. W. (1941) The fishes of the groups Elasmobranchii, Holocephali, Isospondyli, and Ostarophysi obtained by the U. S. Bureau of Fisheries streamer \" Albatross \" in 1907 to 1910, chiefly in the Philippine Islands and adjacent seas. Bulletin United States National Museum, 100, 1 - 879.","Barnard, K. H. (1947) A Pictorial Guide to South African Fishes. Marine and Freshwater. Maskew Miller Ltd, Cape Town, 226 pp.","Smith, J. L. B. (1949 a) The Sea Fishes of Southern Africa. South Africa Central News Agency Ltd., 550 pp.","Smith, J. L. B. (1957 d) Sharks of the genus Isurus Rafinesque, 1810. Rhodes University Ichthyological Bulletin, 6, 91 - 96.","D'Aubrey, J. D. (1964 a) Preliminary guide to the sharks found off the east coast of South Africa. South African Association for Marine Biological Research, Oceanographic Research Institute, Investigational Report, 8, 1 - 95.","Barnard, K. H. (1925) A monograph of the marine fishes of South Africa. Part I (Amphioxus, Cyclostomata, Elasmobranchii, and Teleostei-Isospondyli to Heterosomata). Annals of the South African Museum, 21, 1 - 418.","Barnard, K. H. (1948) Further notes on South African marine fishes. Annals of the South African Museum, 36 (5), 341 - 406.","Bigelow, H. B. & Schroeder, W. C. (1948 b) Sharks. Fishes of the Western North Atlantic Part 1. Memoirs of the Sears Foundation for Marine Research, Series 1, 1, 56 - 576.","Smith, J. L. B. (1958 a) The mystery killer - the new shark Carcharhinus vanrooyeni. Veld & Vlei, 3 (9), 12 - 14, 28.","Smith, J. L. B. (1965) The Sea Fishes of Southern Africa. 5 th Edition. Central News Agency Ltd., 580 pp.","Bass, A. J., D'Aubrey, J. D. & Kistnasamy, N. (1975 c) Sharks of the east coast of southern Africa. IV. The families Odontaspididae, Scapanorhynchidae, Isuridae, Cetorhinidae, Alopiidae, Orectolobidae and Rhiniodontidae. Investigational Report. Oceanographic Research Institute, Durban, 39, 1 - 102.","Compagno, L. J. V. (1984 a) FAO Species Catalogue. Sharks of the World. An Annotated and Illustrated Catalogue of Shark Species Known to Date. FAO Fisheries Synopsis. Vol. 4. No. 125. Part 1. Hexanchiformes to Lamniformes. FAO, Rome, pp. 1 - 250.","Bass, A. J. (1986) Families Chlamydoselachidae, Heterodontidae, Orectolobidae, Rhinicodontidae, Scyliorhinidae, Pseudotriakidae, Sphyrnidae, Lamnidae, Cetorhinidae, Alopiidae, Pseudocarchariidae, Squatinidae. In: Smith, M. M. & Heemstra, P. C. (Eds.), Smith's Sea Fishes. Macmillan, Johannesburg, pp. 47 - 48 + 64 - 66 + 87 - 102 + 103 + 107.","Cliff, G. & Wilson, R. B. (1986) Natal Sharks Board's Field Guide to Sharks and Other Marine Animals. Natal Sharks Board, Umhlanga Rocks, 57 pp.","Compagno, L. J. V., Ebert, D. A. & Smale, M. J. (1989) Guide to the Sharks and Rays of Southern Africa. Struik Publishers, Cape Town, 158 pp.","Compagno, L. J. V., Ebert, D. A. & Cowley, P. D. (1991) Distribution of offshore demersal cartilaginous fishes (class Chondrichthyes) of the west coast of southern Africa, with notes on their systematics. South African Journal of Marine Science, 11, 43 - 139. https: // doi. org / 10.2989 / 025776191784287664","Compagno, L. J. V. (1999) An overview of chondrichthyan systematics and biodiversity in southern Africa. Transactions of the Royal Society of South Africa, 54, 75 - 120. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00359199909520406","Heemstra, P. C. & Heemstra, E. (2004) Coastal Fishes of Southern Africa. National Inquiry Service Centre and South African Institute for Aquatic Biodiversity, Grahamstown, 488 pp.","Compagno, L., Dando, M. & Fowler, S. (2005) Field Guide to the Sharks of the World. Harper Collins Publishers Ltd, London, 368 pp.","Ebert, D. A., Fowler, S. & Compagno, L. J. V. (2013) Sharks of the World: A Fully Illustrated Guide to the Sharks of the World. Wild Nature Press, Plymouth, 528 pp.","Mann, B. Q. (2013) Southern African marine linefish species profiles. Oceanographic Research Institute, Special Publication, 9, 1 - 343.","NPOA. (2013) National Plan of Action for the Conservation and Management of Sharks (NPOA-Sharks). Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries (DAFF), Rogge Bay, Cape Town, 63 pp.","Ebert, D. A. & Dando, M. (2014) On Board Guide for the Identification of Pelagic Sharks and Rays of the Western Indian Ocean. SmartFish Programme, FAO, Rome & Indian Ocean Commission, Port Louis, 109 pp.","da Silva C., Booth, A. J., Dudley, S. F. J., Kerwath, S. E., Lamberth, S. J., Leslie, R. W., McCord, M. E., Sauer, W. H. H. & Zweig, T. (2015) A description and updated overview of the status and management of South Africa's chondrichthyan fisheries. South African Journal of Marine Science, 37, 233 - 248. https: // doi. org / 10.2989 / 1814232 X. 2015.1044471","Ebert, D. A. & van Hees, K. E. (2015) Beyond jaws: rediscovering the \" Lost Sharks \" of southern Africa. African Journal of Marine Science, 37, 141 - 156. https: // doi. org / 10.2989 / 1814232 X. 2015.1048730","Compagno, L. J. V. (2016) Sharks. In: Carpenter, K. E. & De Angelis, N. (Eds.), The Living Marine Resources of the Eastern Central Atlantic. Vol. 2. Bivalves, Gastropods, Hagfishes, Sharks, Batoid Fishes, and Chimaeras. FAO Species Identification Guide for Fishery Purposes. FAO, Rome, pp. 1122 - 1336.","Weigmann, S. (2016) Annotated checklist of the living sharks, batoids and chimaeras (Chondrichthyes) of the world, with a focus on biogeographical diversity. Journal of Fish Biology, 88, 837 - 1037. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / jfb. 12874"]}

Genus Echinorhinus Blainville, 1816 Bramble Sharks Echinorhinus Blainville, 1816: (8), 121 (genus Squalus Linnaeus, 1758). Type species: “? Spinosus ” = Squalus spinosus Gmelin, in Linnaeus & Gmelin, 1789, by monotypy., Published as part of Ebert, David A., Wintner, Sabine P. & Kyne, Peter M., 2021, An annotated checklist of the chondrichthyans of South Africa, pp. 1-127 in Zootaxa 4947 (1) on page 20, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4947.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/4614567, {"references":["Blainville, H. de (1816) Prodrome d'une nouvelle distribution systematique du regne animal. Bulletin de la Societe Philomatique, Paris, 8, 105 - 112, 121 - 124.","Linnaeus, C. (1758) Systema Naturae, Ed. X. (Systema naturae per regna tria naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata. Impensis Direct. Laurentii Salvii, Holmiae, 824 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 542","Gmelin, J. F. (1789) Caroli a Linne ... Systema Naturae per regna tria naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species; cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. Editio decimo tertia, aucta, reformata. 1788 - 93. 3 Vols. in 9 parts. Vol. 1. Pt. 3. s. n., Lipsiae, pp. 1033 - 1516."]}

Genus Hexatrygon Heemstra & Smith, 1980 Sixgill Stingray Hexatrygon Heemstra & Smith, 1980: 1. Type by original designation (also monotypic)., Published as part of Ebert, David A., Wintner, Sabine P. & Kyne, Peter M., 2021, An annotated checklist of the chondrichthyans of South Africa, pp. 1-127 in Zootaxa 4947 (1) on page 90, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4947.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/4614567, {"references":["Heemstra, P. C. & Smith, M. M. (1980) Hexatrygonidae, a new family of stingrays (Myliobatiformes, Batoidea) from South Africa, with comments on the classification of batoid fishes. Ichthyological Bulletin of the J. L. B. Smith Institute of Ichthyology, 43, 1 - 17."]}

Poroderma pantherinum (Smith, in Müller & Henle, 1838c) Leopard Catshark Scyllium pantherinum Smith, in M̹ller & Henle, 1838c: 13. Syntypes: BMNH 1845.7.3.145 (stuffed); RMNH uncatalogued (1, lost); UTZI uncatalogued (1, lost). According to Fricke et al. (2020) appeared first as name only in Smith, 1838: 85. Local synonymy: Poroderma pantherinum: Smith, 1837: 85 (name only); Smith, in M̹ller & Henle, 1838c: 13; Garman, 1913: 70; Fowler, 1925b: 189; Fowler, 1941: 37; Smith 1949a: 53, fig. 33; Smith, 1965: 53, fig. 33; Bass et al., 1975a: 30, fig. 18; Springer, 1979: 114; Compagno, 1984b: 349, fig.; Bass, 1986: 95, fig. 11.15, pl. 3; Compagno, 1988a: 117; Compagno et al., 1989: 48, pl.; Compagno, 1999: 119; Heemstra & Heemstra, 2004: 67; Compagno et al., 2005: 243, fig., pl. 39; Human, 2006a: 6, fig. 3; Ebert et al., 2013 a: 370, fig., pl. 50; Mann, 2013: 187; NPOA, 2013: 47; da Silva et al., 2015: 248; Ebert & van Hees, 2015: 147; Weigmann, 2016: 878. Poroderma submaculatum Smith, 1837: 85 (name only). Poroderma variegatum Smith, 1837: 85 (name only). Scyllium leopardinum M̹ller & Henle, 1838c: 13 (Fowler, 1941: 38 attributes this name to Van Horst in M̹ller & Henle, although no reference to Van Horst is given in M̹ller & Henle). Scyllium maeandrinum von Rapp in M̹ller & Henle, 1838c: 13. Scyllium variegatum Smith in M̹ller & Henle, 1838c: 14; Smith, 1849: 11, fig. 3, pl. 25; Duméril 1853: 83; Bleeker 1878: 1, 8; Sauvage 1891: 511. Scyllium pantherinum: Smith in M̹ller & Henle, 1838c: 13; Smith 1849: 11, fig. 2, pl. 25; Gray, 1851: 31; Bleeker, 1860: 57; Duméril, 1865: 322; Gilchrist, 1902: 164. Scyllium africanum: G̹nther, 1870: 405; Lampe, 1914: 209. Scyllium africanum var. pantherina: G̹nther, 1870: 405; Lampe, 1914: 212. Scyllium africanum var. striata: G̹nther, 1870: 405; Lampe, 1914: 212. Scyllium africanum var. variegata: G̹nther, 1870: 405; Lampe, 1914: 212. Scyliorhinus pantherinus: Regan, 1908b: 456. Scyllium africanum var. punctata Lampe, 1914: 212. Scylliorhinus pantherinus: Smith, 1849: 11, fig. 2, pl. 25; Thompson, 1914: 138; Gilchrist & Thompson, 1916: 270; Gilchrist, 1922a: 4; Barnard, 1925: 40, fig. 5, pl. 2; Barnard, 1927: 1013. Scyliorhinus regani: Fowler, 1925b: 188, fig. 1; Fowler, 1926: 32, fig. 3, not Holohalaelurus regani (Gilchrist, 1922b). Poroderma marleyi Fowler, 1934a: 234 (original description); Fowler, 1941: 38; Bigelow & Schroeder, 1948b: 197; Smith, 1949a: 53, pl. 2; Springer & Garrick, 1964: 86; Smith, 1965: 53, pl. 2; Bass et al., 1975a: 29, fig. 17; Springer, 1979: 114; Compagno, 1984b: 348, fig.; Bass, 1986: 94, fig. 11.14; Compagno, 1988a: 118; Human, 2006a: fig. 5. Scyliorhinus leopardus: Fowler, 1935: 361. Conoporoderma pantherinum: Bigelow & Schroeder, 1948b: 197. South Africa voucher material: SAIAB 5910, SAIAB 6000, SAIAB 6001, SAIAB 6002, SAIAB 10273, SAIAB 10372, SAIAB 10737, SAIAB 11960, SAIAB 12016, SAIAB 13130, SAIAB 16728, SAIAB 17326, SAIAB 17783, SAIAB 18179, SAIAB 19992, SAIAB 25181, SAIAB 25214, SAIAB 25215, SAIAB 25216, SAIAB 25217, SAIAB 25336, SAIAB 25921, SAIAB 25921, SAIAB 25928, SAIAB 26283, SAIAB 26284, SAIAB 26285, SAIAB 26286, SAIAB 26287, SAIAB 26288, SAIAB 26289, SAIAB 26441, SAIAB 26442, SAIAB 26443, SAIAB 27206, SAIAB 27207, SAIAB 27649, SAIAB 34577, SAIAB 37057, SAIAB 39990, SAIAB 48495, SAIAB 53684, SAIAB 53685, SAIAB 189034. South African distribution: Endemic. Saldanha Bay (WC) to Durban (KZN), but most common on the south and southeast coasts (Human, 2006a). Remarks: Fowler (1934a) described a new Poroderma species (P. marleyi) based on an extreme color morph from off Durban. However, examination of additional color morphs throughout its range reveals this species to be a junior synonym of P. pantherinum (Human, 2006a). Furthermore, it appears that “marleyi” color morph occurs at the extreme ends of its range, both in the Saldaha (WC) and KZN areas (D.A. Ebert, unpubl. data) Conservation status: LC (2020). Genus Scyliorhinus Blainville, 1816 Scyliorhinus (subgenus of Squalus) Blainville, 1816: 121. Type species: Scyliorhinus canicula (Linnaeus, 1758). Type by subsequent designation., Published as part of Ebert, David A., Wintner, Sabine P. & Kyne, Peter M., 2021, An annotated checklist of the chondrichthyans of South Africa, pp. 1-127 in Zootaxa 4947 (1) on pages 53-54, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4947.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/4614567, {"references":["M ʾ ller, J. & Henle, F. G. J. (1838 c) s. n. In: Systematische Beschreibung der Plagiostomen. Plagiostomen, Berlin, pp. 1 - 28.","Fricke, R., Eschmeyer, W. N. & Van der Laan, R. (Eds.) (2020) Eschmeyer's catalog of fishes: genera, species, and references. Available from: http: // researcharchive. calacademy. org / research / ichthyology / catalog / fishcatmain. asp (accessed 30 June 2020)","Smith, A. (1838) (On the necessity for a revision of the groups included in the Linnean genus Squalus). Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 5 (57), 85 - 86.","Smith, A. (1837) (On the necessity for a revision of the groups included in the Linnean genus Squalus). Annals of Natural History, 1 (1), 72 - 74.","Garman, S. (1913) The Plagiostomia (sharks, skates, and rays). Memoirs of the Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard College, 36, 1 - 515.","Fowler, H. W. (1925 b) Fishes from Natal, Zululand and Portuguese East Africa. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia, 1925, 77, 187 - 268.","Fowler, H. W. (1941) The fishes of the groups Elasmobranchii, Holocephali, Isospondyli, and Ostarophysi obtained by the U. S. Bureau of Fisheries streamer \" Albatross \" in 1907 to 1910, chiefly in the Philippine Islands and adjacent seas. Bulletin United States National Museum, 100, 1 - 879.","Smith, J. L. B. (1949 a) The Sea Fishes of Southern Africa. South Africa Central News Agency Ltd., 550 pp.","Smith, J. L. B. (1965) The Sea Fishes of Southern Africa. 5 th Edition. Central News Agency Ltd., 580 pp.","Bass, A. J., D'Aubrey, J. D. & Kistnasamy, N. (1975 a) Sharks of the east coast of southern Africa. II. The families Scyliorhinidae and Pseudotriakidae. Investigational Report. Oceanographic Research Institute, Durban, 37, 1 - 64.","Springer, S. (1979) A revision of the catsharks, family Scyliorhinidae. NOAA (National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration) Technical Report NMFS (National Marine Fisheries Service) Circular, 422, 1 - 152. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 63029","Compagno, L. J. V. (1984 b) FAO Species Catalogue. Sharks of the World. An Annotated and Illustrated Catalogue of Shark Species Known to Date. FAO Fisheries Synopsis. Vol. 4. No. 125. Part 2. Carcharhiniformes. FAO, Rome, pp. 251 - 655.","Bass, A. J. (1986) Families Chlamydoselachidae, Heterodontidae, Orectolobidae, Rhinicodontidae, Scyliorhinidae, Pseudotriakidae, Sphyrnidae, Lamnidae, Cetorhinidae, Alopiidae, Pseudocarchariidae, Squatinidae. In: Smith, M. M. & Heemstra, P. C. (Eds.), Smith's Sea Fishes. Macmillan, Johannesburg, pp. 47 - 48 + 64 - 66 + 87 - 102 + 103 + 107.","Compagno, L. J. V. (1988 a) Sharks of the Order Carcharhiniformes. Princeton University Press, Princeton, New Jersey, 486 pp.","Compagno, L. J. V., Ebert, D. A. & Smale, M. J. (1989) Guide to the Sharks and Rays of Southern Africa. Struik Publishers, Cape Town, 158 pp.","Compagno, L. J. V. (1999) An overview of chondrichthyan systematics and biodiversity in southern Africa. Transactions of the Royal Society of South Africa, 54, 75 - 120. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00359199909520406","Heemstra, P. C. & Heemstra, E. (2004) Coastal Fishes of Southern Africa. National Inquiry Service Centre and South African Institute for Aquatic Biodiversity, Grahamstown, 488 pp.","Compagno, L., Dando, M. & Fowler, S. (2005) Field Guide to the Sharks of the World. Harper Collins Publishers Ltd, London, 368 pp.","Human, B. A. (2006 a) A taxonomic revision of the catshark genus Poroderma Smith, 1837 (Chondrichthyes: Carcharhiniformes: Scyliorhinidae). Zootaxa, 1229 (1), 1 - 32. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 1229.1.1","Ebert, D. A., Fowler, S. & Compagno, L. J. V. (2013) Sharks of the World: A Fully Illustrated Guide to the Sharks of the World. Wild Nature Press, Plymouth, 528 pp.","Mann, B. Q. (2013) Southern African marine linefish species profiles. Oceanographic Research Institute, Special Publication, 9, 1 - 343.","NPOA. (2013) National Plan of Action for the Conservation and Management of Sharks (NPOA-Sharks). Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries (DAFF), Rogge Bay, Cape Town, 63 pp.","da Silva C., Booth, A. J., Dudley, S. F. J., Kerwath, S. E., Lamberth, S. J., Leslie, R. W., McCord, M. E., Sauer, W. H. H. & Zweig, T. (2015) A description and updated overview of the status and management of South Africa's chondrichthyan fisheries. South African Journal of Marine Science, 37, 233 - 248. https: // doi. org / 10.2989 / 1814232 X. 2015.1044471","Ebert, D. A. & van Hees, K. E. (2015) Beyond jaws: rediscovering the \" Lost Sharks \" of southern Africa. African Journal of Marine Science, 37, 141 - 156. https: // doi. org / 10.2989 / 1814232 X. 2015.1048730","Weigmann, S. (2016) Annotated checklist of the living sharks, batoids and chimaeras (Chondrichthyes) of the world, with a focus on biogeographical diversity. Journal of Fish Biology, 88, 837 - 1037. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / jfb. 12874","Smith, A. (1849) Pisces. In: Illustrations of the Zoology of South Africa. Vol. 4. Smith, Elder, and Co., London, 77 pp.","Dumeril, A. H. A. (1853) Monographie de la tribu des Scylliens ou Roussettes (poissons plagiostomes) comprenant deux especes nouvelles. Revue et Magasin de Zoologie, Series 2, 5, 8 - 25 + 73 - 87 + 119 - 130.","Gray, J. E. (1851) List of the Specimens of Fish in the Collection of the British Museum. Part I. Chondropterygii. British Museum (Natural History), London, 160 pp.","Bleeker, P. (1860 a) Elfde bijdrage tot de kennis der vischfauna van Amboina. Acta Societatis Regiae Scientiarum Indo-Neerlandicae, 8 (5), 1 - 14. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 144153","Dumeril, A. H. A. (1865) Histoire naturelle des poissons ou ichthyologie generale. Tome Premier. I. Elasmobranches. Plagiostomes et Holocephales ou Chimeres. Vol. 1. Librarie Encylopedique de Roret, Paris, 720 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 2111","Gilchrist, J. D. F. (1902) Catalogue of fishes recorded from South Africa. Cape of Good Hope, Department of Agriculture, Marine Investigations in South Africa, 1, 97 - 179.","Lampe, M. 1914. Die fische der Deutschen S ʾ dpolar-Expedition 1901 - 1903. 3. Die hochsee- und k ʾ stenfische. Deutsch S ̡ dpolar-Expedition, 15 (2), 203 - 256. https: // doi. org / 10.1071 / 9780643109148","Regan, C. T. (1908 b) A synopsis of the sharks of the Family Scyliorhinidae. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Series 8, 1, 453 - 465. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222930808692434","Thompson, W. W. (1914) Catalogue of the fishes of the Cape Province (Pt 1). Marine Biological Report, Cape Town, 2 (8), 132 - 167.","Gilchrist, J. D. F. & Thompson, W. W. (1916) A catalogue of the sea fishes recorded from Natal. Part I. Annals of the Durban Museum, 1 (3), 255 - 290.","Gilchrist, J. D. F. (1922 a) Fisheries and Marine Biological Survey. Report no. 2 for the Year 1921. Annexure A. List of Fishes, etc., procured; Annexure B., List of stations of SS \" Pickle \"; Annexure C., Journal of SS \" Pickle \". Report of the Fisheries and Marine Biological Survey, Union of South Africa, 2, 1 - 85.","Barnard, K. H. (1925) A monograph of the marine fishes of South Africa. Part I (Amphioxus, Cyclostomata, Elasmobranchii, and Teleostei-Isospondyli to Heterosomata). Annals of the South African Museum, 21, 1 - 418.","Barnard, K. H. (1927) A monograph of the marine fishes of South Africa. Part II (Teleostei - Discocephali to end. Appendix). Annals of the South African Museum 21, 419 - 1065.","Fowler, H. W. (1926) Descriptions of three new fishes from the Natal coast. Annals of the Natal Government Museum, 5 (3), 399 - 402.","Gilchrist, J. D. F. (1922 b) Deep-sea fishes procured by the S. A. \" Pickle \" (Part I.). Special Report (3), Report of the Fisheries and Marine Biological Survey, Union of South Africa, 2, 41 - 79.","Fowler, H. W. (1934 a) Descriptions of new fishes obtained 1907 to 1910, chiefly in the Philippine Islands and adjacent seas. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, 85 (for 1933), 233 - 367.","Bigelow, H. B. & Schroeder, W. C. (1948 b) Sharks. Fishes of the Western North Atlantic Part 1. Memoirs of the Sears Foundation for Marine Research, Series 1, 1, 56 - 576.","Garrick, J. A. F. & Springer, S. (1964) Isistius plutodus, a new squaloid shark from the Gulf of Mexico. Copeia, 1964 (4), 678 - 682. https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 1441443","Fowler, H. W. (1935) South African fishes received from Mr. H. W. Bell-Marley in 1935. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, 87, 361 - 408.","Blainville, H. de (1816) Prodrome d'une nouvelle distribution systematique du regne animal. Bulletin de la Societe Philomatique, Paris, 8, 105 - 112, 121 - 124.","Linnaeus, C. (1758) Systema Naturae, Ed. X. (Systema naturae per regna tria naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata. Impensis Direct. Laurentii Salvii, Holmiae, 824 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 542"]}

Rajella leoparda (von Bonde & Swart, 1923) Leopard Skate Raia leopardus von Bonde & Swart, 1923: 7, fig. 2, pl. 20. Syntypes: (several) BMNH 1935.7.14.2-3 (2). Type locality: KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa, southwestern Indian Ocean. Local synonymy: Raia leopardus: von Bonde & Swart, 1923: 7, fig. 2, pl. 20; Barnard, 1925: 74; Smith, 1949a: 67, fig. 73; Smith, 1965: 67, fig. 73. Raia quadrimaculata:? von Bonde & Swart, 1923: 5; Barnard, 1925: 70, fig. 5, pl. 4;? von Bonde, 1934: 16. Raia lintea: Barnard, 1925: 72 (in part?). Raia naevus: Barnard, 1925: 72 (in part?). Raja leopardus: Norman, 1935: 37; Fowler, 1941: 390; Hulley, 1970: 206, figs. 18a–c, pls. 12a–b; Hulley, 1972a: 86, figs. 58–59; Hulley, 1986: 122, fig. 25.13; Stehmann, 1995: 87.? Raja barnardi: Norman, 1935: 37, fig. 14; Fowler, 1941: 371. Raja (Rajella) leopardus: Compagno et al., 1989: 98, pl.; Compagno et al., 1991: 105; Ebert et al., 1991: 77. Rajella leopardus: Compagno, 1999: 117; Compagno & Ebert, 2007: 135, fig. 5c; Ebert & Compagno, 2007: 121; Ebert et al., 2008: 95; NPOA, 2013: 54; Ebert, 2014: 75, fig. 121; da Silva et al., 2015: 247; Ebert & van Hees, 2015: 147. Rajella leoparda: Ebert, 2015: 186, fig. 214; Weigmann, et al., 2014a: 383; Last et al., 2016f: 19; Last et al., 2016g: 344, fig. 19.135; McEachran & Séret, 2016: 1402; Weigmann, 2016: 958. South Africa voucher material: SAIAB 21919, SAIAB 21920, SAIAB 21921, SAIAB 21922, SAIAB 25739, SAIAB 25741, SAIAB 25765, SAIAB 25771, SAIAB 25803, SAIAB 25804, SAIAB 25805, SAIAB 25806, SAIAB 25807, SAIAB 25808, SAIAB 25809, SAIAB 25810, SAIAB 25811, SAIAB 25812, SAIAB 25813, SAIAB 25814, SAIAB 25815, SAIAB 25816, SAIAB 25817, SAIAB 25818, SAIAB 25819, SAIAB 25820, SAIAB 25821, SAIAB 25937, SAIAB 25938, SAIAB 25939, SAIAB 25940, SAIAB 25941, SAIAB 25942, SAIAB 25943, SAIAB 25944, SAIAB 25945, SAIAB 25946, SAIAB 25947, SAIAB 25948, SAIAB 25949, SAIAB 25950, SAIAB 25951, SAIAB 25952, SAIAB 25953, SAIAB 26241, SAIAB 26252, SAIAB 26291, SAIAB 26326, SAIAB 26327, SAIAB 26405, SAIAB 26918, SAIAB 27149, SAIAB 27150, SAIAB 27151, SAIAB 27570, SAIAB 27571, SAIAB 34845, SAIAB 40954, SAIAB 40955, SAIAB 40956, SAIAB 40961, SAIAB 40962, SAIAB 40963, SAIAB 40964, SAIAB 40965, SAIAB 40966, SAIAB 40967, SAIAB 40968, SAIAB 40969, SAIAB 40970, SAIAB 44241, SAIAB 53230, SAIAB 64274. South African distribution: The Orange River (NC) to Algoa Bay (EC). Remarks: The most common deep-sea skate of the upper continental slopes along the west coast of South Africa from the Orange River to Cape Point. Conservation status: LC (2018)., Published as part of Ebert, David A., Wintner, Sabine P. & Kyne, Peter M., 2021, An annotated checklist of the chondrichthyans of South Africa, pp. 1-127 in Zootaxa 4947 (1) on page 86, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4947.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/4614567, {"references":["von Bonde, C. & Swart, D. B. (1923) The Platosomia (skates and rays) collected by the S. S. \" Pickle \". University of South Africa, Fisheries and Marine Biological Survey Report, 3 (5), 1 - 22.","Barnard, K. H. (1925) A monograph of the marine fishes of South Africa. Part I (Amphioxus, Cyclostomata, Elasmobranchii, and Teleostei-Isospondyli to Heterosomata). Annals of the South African Museum, 21, 1 - 418.","Smith, J. L. B. (1949 a) The Sea Fishes of Southern Africa. South Africa Central News Agency Ltd., 550 pp.","Smith, J. L. B. (1965) The Sea Fishes of Southern Africa. 5 th Edition. Central News Agency Ltd., 580 pp.","von Bonde, C. (1934) Shark fishing as an industry. Union of South Africa, Department of Commerce and Industry, Fisheries and Marine Biological Survey, Investigational Report, Series 2, 1 - 19.","Norman, J. R. (1935) Coast fishes, Part. I. The South Atlantic. ' Discovery' Reports, 12, 1 - 58.","Fowler, H. W. (1941) The fishes of the groups Elasmobranchii, Holocephali, Isospondyli, and Ostarophysi obtained by the U. S. Bureau of Fisheries streamer \" Albatross \" in 1907 to 1910, chiefly in the Philippine Islands and adjacent seas. Bulletin United States National Museum, 100, 1 - 879.","Hulley, P. A. (1970) An investigation of the Rajidae of the west and south coasts of southern Africa. Annals of the South African Museum, 55, 151 - 220.","Hulley, P. A. (1972 a) The origin, interrelationships and distribution of southern African Rajidae (Chondrichthyes, Batoidei). Annals of the South African Museum, 60, 1 - 103. https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 1442499","Hulley, P. A. (1986) Family Rajidae, Anacanthobatidae. In: Smith, M. M. & Heemstra, P. C. (Eds.), Smith's Sea Fishes. Macmillan, Johannesburg, pp. 115 - 128.","Stehmann, M. (1995) First and new records of skates (Chondrichthyes, Rajiformes, Rajidae) from the West African continental slope (Morocco to South Africa), with descriptions of two new species. Archiv f ̡ r Fischereiwissenschaft, 43 (1), 1 - 119.","Compagno, L. J. V., Ebert, D. A. & Smale, M. J. (1989) Guide to the Sharks and Rays of Southern Africa. Struik Publishers, Cape Town, 158 pp.","Compagno, L. J. V., Ebert, D. A. & Cowley, P. D. (1991) Distribution of offshore demersal cartilaginous fishes (class Chondrichthyes) of the west coast of southern Africa, with notes on their systematics. South African Journal of Marine Science, 11, 43 - 139. https: // doi. org / 10.2989 / 025776191784287664","Ebert, D. A., Cowley, P. D. & Compagno, L. J. V. (1991) A preliminary investigation of the feeding ecology of skates (Batoidea: Rajidae) off the west coast of southern Africa. South African Journal of Marine Science, 10, 71 - 81. https: // doi. org / 10.2989 / 02577619109504621","Compagno, L. J. V. (1999) An overview of chondrichthyan systematics and biodiversity in southern Africa. Transactions of the Royal Society of South Africa, 54, 75 - 120. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00359199909520406","Compagno, L. J. V. & Ebert, D. A. (2007) Southern African skate biodiversity and distribution. Environmental Biology of Fishes, 80, 125 - 145. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / s 10641 - 007 - 9243 - 4","Ebert, D. A., Compagno, L. J. V. & Cowley, P. D. (2008) Aspects on the reproductive biology of skates (Chondrichthyes: Rajiformes: Rajoidei) from southern African waters. ICES Journal of Marine Science, 65, 81 - 102. https: // doi. org / 10.1093 / icesjms / fsm 169","NPOA. (2013) National Plan of Action for the Conservation and Management of Sharks (NPOA-Sharks). Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries (DAFF), Rogge Bay, Cape Town, 63 pp.","Ebert D. A. (2014) Deep-sea cartilaginous fishes of the Indian Ocean. Vol. 2. Batoids and chimaeras. FAO Species Catalogue for Fishery Purposes No. 8. Vol. 2. FAO, Rome, 129 pp.","da Silva C., Booth, A. J., Dudley, S. F. J., Kerwath, S. E., Lamberth, S. J., Leslie, R. W., McCord, M. E., Sauer, W. H. H. & Zweig, T. (2015) A description and updated overview of the status and management of South Africa's chondrichthyan fisheries. South African Journal of Marine Science, 37, 233 - 248. https: // doi. org / 10.2989 / 1814232 X. 2015.1044471","Ebert, D. A. & van Hees, K. E. (2015) Beyond jaws: rediscovering the \" Lost Sharks \" of southern Africa. African Journal of Marine Science, 37, 141 - 156. https: // doi. org / 10.2989 / 1814232 X. 2015.1048730","Ebert, D. A. (2015) Deep-sea cartilaginous fishes of the Southeastern Atlantic Ocean. FAO Species Catalogue for Fishery Purposes No. 9. FAO, Rome, 251 pp.","Last, P. R., Weigmann, S. & Yang, L. (2016 f) Changes to the nomenclature of the skates (Chondrichthyes: Rajiformes). In: Last, P. R. & Yearsley, G. K. (Eds.), Rays of the World: Supplementary Information. CSIRO Australian National Fish Collection, Hobart, pp. 11 - 34.","Last, P. R., Seret, B., Stehmann, M. F. W. & Weigmann, S. (2016 g) Skates. Family Rajidae. In: Last, P. R., White, W. T., de Carvalho, M. E., Seret, B., Stehmann, M. F. W. & Naylor, G. J. P. (Eds.), Rays of the World. Cornell University Press, Ithaca, New York, pp. 204 - 363. https: // doi. org / 10.1071 / 9780643109148","Seret, B. (2016) Batoid fishes. Multiple families. In: Carpenter, K. E. & De Angelis, N. (Eds.), The Living Marine Resources of the Eastern Central Atlantic. Vol. 2. Bivalves, Gastropods, Hagfishes, Sharks, Batoid Fishes, and Chimaeras. FAO Species Identification Guide for Fishery Purposes. FAO, Rome, pp. 1337 - 1369, 1404 - 1433.","Weigmann, S. (2016) Annotated checklist of the living sharks, batoids and chimaeras (Chondrichthyes) of the world, with a focus on biogeographical diversity. Journal of Fish Biology, 88, 837 - 1037. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / jfb. 12874"]}

Heteronarce garmani Regan, 1921 Natal Electric Ray Heteronarce garmani Regan, 1921: 414. Holotype (unique): BMNH 1921.3.1.3. Type locality: 15–20 miles off Umvoti River, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. Local synonymy: Heteronarce garmani: Regan, 1921: 414; Gilchrist, 1922b: 50; von Bonde & Swart, 1923: 14; Barnard, 1925: 92; Fowler, 1925b: 193; Barnard, 1927: 1016; Smith, 1949a: 74, fig. 90; Smith, 1964: 291, pl. 29a; Smith, 1965: 74, fig. 90; Wallace, 1967a: 55, fig. 28; Compagno, 1986: 113, fig. 24.1; Compagno et al., 1989: 82, pl.; Compagno, 1999: 116; Compagno & Heemstra, 2007: 43; NPOA, 2013: 52; da Silva et al., 2015: 247; Ebert & van Hees, 2015: 146; de Carvalho, 2016: 175, fig. 16.3; Weigmann, 2016: 912. Heteronarce regani von Bonde & Swart, 1923: 14, fig. 2, pl. 22 (original descrption). Narcine natalensis Fowler, 1925a: 198, fig. 2 (original description). Narcine garmani Fowler, 1925b: 193. South Africa voucher material: Holotype: BMNH 1921.3.1.3. Non-types: SAIAB 16568, SAIAB 10439 [former ORI B 834]. South African distribution: Algoa Bay (EC) to northern KZN. Remarks: A very rare, small, regionally endemic electric ray known only from the east coast of South Africa, Mozambique and Madagascar. Conservation status: NT (2020). Genus Narke Kaup, 1826 Onefin Sleeper Rays Narke Kaup, 1826: 88. Type species: Raja capensis Gmelin, 1789, by monotypy., Published as part of Ebert, David A., Wintner, Sabine P. & Kyne, Peter M., 2021, An annotated checklist of the chondrichthyans of South Africa, pp. 1-127 in Zootaxa 4947 (1) on pages 70-71, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4947.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/4614567, {"references":["Regan, C. T. (1921) New fishes from deepwater off the coast of Natal. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Series 9, 7 (41), 412 - 420. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222932108632540","Gilchrist, J. D. F. (1922 b) Deep-sea fishes procured by the S. A. \" Pickle \" (Part I.). Special Report (3), Report of the Fisheries and Marine Biological Survey, Union of South Africa, 2, 41 - 79.","von Bonde, C. & Swart, D. B. (1923) The Platosomia (skates and rays) collected by the S. S. \" Pickle \". University of South Africa, Fisheries and Marine Biological Survey Report, 3 (5), 1 - 22.","Barnard, K. H. (1925) A monograph of the marine fishes of South Africa. Part I (Amphioxus, Cyclostomata, Elasmobranchii, and Teleostei-Isospondyli to Heterosomata). Annals of the South African Museum, 21, 1 - 418.","Fowler, H. W. (1925 b) Fishes from Natal, Zululand and Portuguese East Africa. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia, 1925, 77, 187 - 268.","Barnard, K. H. (1927) A monograph of the marine fishes of South Africa. Part II (Teleostei - Discocephali to end. Appendix). Annals of the South African Museum 21, 419 - 1065.","Smith, J. L. B. (1949 a) The Sea Fishes of Southern Africa. South Africa Central News Agency Ltd., 550 pp.","Smith, J. L. B. (1964) Fishes collected by Dr T. Mortenson off the coast of South Africa in 1929, with an account of the genus Cruriraja Bigelow & Schroeder, 1954 in South Africa. Videnskabelige Meddelelser fra Dansk Naturhistorisk Forening, 126, 283 - 300.","Smith, J. L. B. (1965) The Sea Fishes of Southern Africa. 5 th Edition. Central News Agency Ltd., 580 pp.","Wallace, J. H. (1967 a) The batoid fishes of the east coast of southern Africa. Part III: skates and electric rays. Investigational Report. Oceanographic Research Institute, Durban, 17, 1 - 62.","Compagno, L. J. V. (1986) Families Pristidae, Narkidae, Rhinobatidae, Myliobatidae, Mobulidae, Dasyatidae, Chimaeridae, Rhinochimaeridae, Callorhinchidae. In: Smith, M. M. & Heemstra, P. C. (Eds.), Smith's Sea Fishes. Macmillan, Johannesburg, pp. 110 - 142, 144 - 147.","Compagno, L. J. V., Ebert, D. A. & Smale, M. J. (1989) Guide to the Sharks and Rays of Southern Africa. Struik Publishers, Cape Town, 158 pp.","Compagno, L. J. V. (1999) An overview of chondrichthyan systematics and biodiversity in southern Africa. Transactions of the Royal Society of South Africa, 54, 75 - 120. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00359199909520406","Compagno, L. J. V. & Heemstra, P. C. (2007) Electrolux addisoni, a new genus and species of electric ray from the east coast of South Africa (Rajiformes: Torpedinoidei: Narkidae), with a review of torpedinoid taxonomy. Smithiana, 7, 15 - 49.","NPOA. (2013) National Plan of Action for the Conservation and Management of Sharks (NPOA-Sharks). Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries (DAFF), Rogge Bay, Cape Town, 63 pp.","da Silva C., Booth, A. J., Dudley, S. F. J., Kerwath, S. E., Lamberth, S. J., Leslie, R. W., McCord, M. E., Sauer, W. H. H. & Zweig, T. (2015) A description and updated overview of the status and management of South Africa's chondrichthyan fisheries. South African Journal of Marine Science, 37, 233 - 248. https: // doi. org / 10.2989 / 1814232 X. 2015.1044471","Ebert, D. A. & van Hees, K. E. (2015) Beyond jaws: rediscovering the \" Lost Sharks \" of southern Africa. African Journal of Marine Science, 37, 141 - 156. https: // doi. org / 10.2989 / 1814232 X. 2015.1048730","Seret, B. & de Carvalho, M. R. (2016) Sixgill stingrays. Family Hexatrygonidae. In: Last, P. R., White, W. T., de Carvalho, M. E., Seret, B., Stehmann, M. F. W. & Naylor, G. J. P. (Eds.), Rays of the World. Cornell University Press, Ithaca, New York, pp. 509 - 510. https: // doi. org / 10.1071 / 9780643109148","Weigmann, S. (2016) Annotated checklist of the living sharks, batoids and chimaeras (Chondrichthyes) of the world, with a focus on biogeographical diversity. Journal of Fish Biology, 88, 837 - 1037. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / jfb. 12874","Fowler, H. W. (1925 a) Descriptions of three new marine fishes from the Natal coast. Annals of the Natal Museum, 5 (2), 195 - 200.","Kaup, J. J. (1826) Beytrage zu Amphibiologie und Ichthiyologie. Isis, Oken, 19 (1), 87 - 89.","Gmelin, J. F. (1789) Caroli a Linne ... Systema Naturae per regna tria naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species; cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. Editio decimo tertia, aucta, reformata. 1788 - 93. 3 Vols. in 9 parts. Vol. 1. Pt. 3. s. n., Lipsiae, pp. 1033 - 1516."]}

Genus Cirrhigaleus Tanaka, 1912 Roughskin Dogfishes Cirrhigaleus Tanaka, 1912: 151. Type species: Cirrhigaleus barbifer Tanaka, 1912. Type by original designation (also monotypic)., Published as part of Ebert, David A., Wintner, Sabine P. & Kyne, Peter M., 2021, An annotated checklist of the chondrichthyans of South Africa, pp. 1-127 in Zootaxa 4947 (1) on page 20, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4947.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/4614567, {"references":["Tanaka, S. (1912) Figures and descriptions of the fishes of Japan, including the Riukiu Islands, Bonin Islands, Formosa, Kurile Islands, Korea, and southern Sakhalin. Figures and Descriptions of the Fishes of Japan, 9, 145 - 164. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 13715"]}

Etmopterus sculptus Ebert, Compagno, & De Vries, 2011 Sculpted Lanternshark Etmopterus sculptus Ebert, Compagno, & De Vries, 2011: 279, figs. 1–2. Holotype: SAM 37569. Type locality: 33°22.9'S, 17°29.1'E, off Cape Town, South Africa. Local synonymy: Etmopterus lucifer: Gilchrist, 1922b: 49; Barnard, 1925: 50; Smith, 1949a: 59, fig. 52; Bigelow & Schroeder, 1957: 56; Smith, 1965: 59, fig. 52; Bass et al., 1976: 25, figs. 17, 18c; Compagno, 1984: 79, fig.; Compagno et al., 2005: 102, fig., pl. 8. Spinax lucifer: Norman, 1935: 37. Etmopterus brachyurus: Bass et al., 1986: 55, fig. 5.11; Compagno et al., 1989: 30, pl.; Compagno et al., 1991: 61. Etmopterus cf. brachyurus: Ebert et al., 1992: 604; Compagno, 1999: 114; Compagno, 2016: 1186, fig. Etmopterus sculptus: Ebert, 2013: 83, fig. 108; Ebert et al., 2013 a: 139, fig., pl. 10; Ebert & Mostada, 2013: 33, fig.; Ebert, 2015: 82, fig. 95; Ebert & Mostada, 2015: 29, fig.; Ebert & van Hees, 2015: 144; Weigmann, 2016: 897. South Africa voucher material: Holotype: SAM 37569. Paratypes: SAM 33011, 37570 (2 specimens), 37571 (2 specimens). Non-types: SAIAB 6191, SAIAB 6195, SAIAB 2430, SAIAB 2431, SAIAB 2432, SAIAB 2588, SAIAB 21930, SAIAB 21931, SAIAB 25308, SAIAB 25309, SAIAB 25735, SAIAB 26256, SAIAB 26258, SAIAB 26259, SAIAB 26265, SAM F41924 -3, SAM F41924 -4. South Africa distribution: Occurs along the entire South African coast from the Orange River (NC) to KZN border with Mozambique. Remarks: Etmopterus sculptus was long misidentified in the South African literature either as E. brachyurus or E. lucifer, but both of these species occur in the Western Pacific. Etmopterus sculptus is one of the most common lanternshark species found in South African waters (after E. granulosus). Conservation status: LC (2019)., Published as part of Ebert, David A., Wintner, Sabine P. & Kyne, Peter M., 2021, An annotated checklist of the chondrichthyans of South Africa, pp. 1-127 in Zootaxa 4947 (1) on pages 29-30, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4947.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/4614567, {"references":["Gilchrist, J. D. F. (1922 b) Deep-sea fishes procured by the S. A. \" Pickle \" (Part I.). Special Report (3), Report of the Fisheries and Marine Biological Survey, Union of South Africa, 2, 41 - 79.","Barnard, K. H. (1925) A monograph of the marine fishes of South Africa. Part I (Amphioxus, Cyclostomata, Elasmobranchii, and Teleostei-Isospondyli to Heterosomata). Annals of the South African Museum, 21, 1 - 418.","Smith, J. L. B. (1949 a) The Sea Fishes of Southern Africa. South Africa Central News Agency Ltd., 550 pp.","Bigelow, H. B. & Schroeder, W. C. (1957) A study of the sharks of the suborder Squaloidea. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology, 117 (1), 1 - 150.","Smith, J. L. B. (1965) The Sea Fishes of Southern Africa. 5 th Edition. Central News Agency Ltd., 580 pp.","Bass, A. J., D'Aubrey, J. D. & Kistnasamy, N. (1976) Sharks of the east coast of southern Africa. VI. The families Oxynotidae, Squalidae, Dalatiidae and Echinorhinidae. Investigational Report. Oceanographic Research Institute, Durban, 45, 1 - 103.","Compagno, L. J. V. (1984 a) FAO Species Catalogue. Sharks of the World. An Annotated and Illustrated Catalogue of Shark Species Known to Date. FAO Fisheries Synopsis. Vol. 4. No. 125. Part 1. Hexanchiformes to Lamniformes. FAO, Rome, pp. 1 - 250.","Compagno, L., Dando, M. & Fowler, S. (2005) Field Guide to the Sharks of the World. Harper Collins Publishers Ltd, London, 368 pp.","Norman, J. R. (1935) Coast fishes, Part. I. The South Atlantic. ' Discovery' Reports, 12, 1 - 58.","Bass, A. J. & Compagno, L. J. V. (1986) Families Echinorhinidae, Proscyllidae, Odontaspidiidae, Mitsukurinidae. In: Smith, M. M. & Heemstra, P. C. (Eds.), Smith's Sea Fishes. Macmillan, Johannesburg, pp. 63 + 103 + 104 - 105.","Compagno, L. J. V., Ebert, D. A. & Smale, M. J. (1989) Guide to the Sharks and Rays of Southern Africa. Struik Publishers, Cape Town, 158 pp.","Compagno, L. J. V., Ebert, D. A. & Cowley, P. D. (1991) Distribution of offshore demersal cartilaginous fishes (class Chondrichthyes) of the west coast of southern Africa, with notes on their systematics. South African Journal of Marine Science, 11, 43 - 139. https: // doi. org / 10.2989 / 025776191784287664","Ebert, D. A., Compagno, L. J. V. & Cowley, P. D. (1992) A preliminary investigation of the feeding ecology of squaloid sharks off the west coast of southern Africa. South African Journal of Marine Science, 12, 601 - 609. https: // doi. org / 10.2989 / 02577619209504727","Compagno, L. J. V. (1999) An overview of chondrichthyan systematics and biodiversity in southern Africa. Transactions of the Royal Society of South Africa, 54, 75 - 120. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00359199909520406","Compagno, L. J. V. (2016) Sharks. In: Carpenter, K. E. & De Angelis, N. (Eds.), The Living Marine Resources of the Eastern Central Atlantic. Vol. 2. Bivalves, Gastropods, Hagfishes, Sharks, Batoid Fishes, and Chimaeras. FAO Species Identification Guide for Fishery Purposes. FAO, Rome, pp. 1122 - 1336.","Ebert D. A. (2013) Deep-sea cartilaginous fishes of the Indian Ocean. Vol. 1. Sharks. FAO Species Catalogue for Fishery Purposes No. 8. Vol. 1. FAO, Rome, 256 pp.","Ebert, D. A., Fowler, S. & Compagno, L. J. V. (2013) Sharks of the World: A Fully Illustrated Guide to the Sharks of the World. Wild Nature Press, Plymouth, 528 pp.","Ebert, D. A. (2015) Deep-sea cartilaginous fishes of the Southeastern Atlantic Ocean. FAO Species Catalogue for Fishery Purposes No. 9. FAO, Rome, 251 pp.","Ebert, D. A. & van Hees, K. E. (2015) Beyond jaws: rediscovering the \" Lost Sharks \" of southern Africa. African Journal of Marine Science, 37, 141 - 156. https: // doi. org / 10.2989 / 1814232 X. 2015.1048730","Weigmann, S. (2016) Annotated checklist of the living sharks, batoids and chimaeras (Chondrichthyes) of the world, with a focus on biogeographical diversity. Journal of Fish Biology, 88, 837 - 1037. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / jfb. 12874"]}

Genus Heptranchias Rafinesque, 1810a Sharpnose Sevengill Sharks Heptranchias Rafinesque, 1810a: 13. Type species: “ Squalus cinereus Lacépède ” by original designation, equals S. cinereus Gmelin in Linnaeus & Gmelin, 1789 and a junior synonym of Squalus perlo Bonnaterre, 1788., Published as part of Ebert, David A., Wintner, Sabine P. & Kyne, Peter M., 2021, An annotated checklist of the chondrichthyans of South Africa, pp. 1-127 in Zootaxa 4947 (1) on page 18, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4947.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/4614567, {"references":["Rafinesque, C. S. (1810 a) s. n. In: Caratteri di alcuni nuovi generi e nuove specie di animali e piante della Sicilia, con varie osservazioni sopra i medisimi. Part 1 (involves fishes). Sanfilippo, Palermo, pp. 3 - 69. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 104418","Gmelin, J. F. (1789) Caroli a Linne ... Systema Naturae per regna tria naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species; cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. Editio decimo tertia, aucta, reformata. 1788 - 93. 3 Vols. in 9 parts. Vol. 1. Pt. 3. s. n., Lipsiae, pp. 1033 - 1516.","Bonnaterre, J. P. (1788) Tableau encyclopedique et methodique des trois regnes de la nature. Ichthyologie, Paris, 215 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 11660"]}

Genus Harriotta Garman, 1901 Narrownose Chimaeras Harriotta Goode & Bean, 1895: 471. Type species: Harriotta raleighana Goode & Bean, 1895, type by monotypy., Published as part of Ebert, David A., Wintner, Sabine P. & Kyne, Peter M., 2021, An annotated checklist of the chondrichthyans of South Africa, pp. 1-127 in Zootaxa 4947 (1) on page 104, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4947.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/4614567, {"references":["Garman, S. (1901) Genera and families of the chimaeroids. Proceedings of the New England Zo ˆ logical Club, 2, 75 - 77.","Goode, G. B. & Bean, T. H. (1895) On Harriotta, a new type of chimaeroid fish from the deeper waters of the northwestern Atlantic. Scientific Results of Exploration by the U. S. Fish Commission Steamer Albatross. Proceedings of the United States National Museum, 1894, 17 (1014), 471 - 473. https: // doi. org / 10.5479 / si. 00963801.17 - 1014.471"]}

Sphyrna mokarran (Rüppell, 1837) Great Hammerhead Zygaena mokarran R ̹ppell, 1837: 66, pl. 17 (fig. 3). Lectotype: SMF 3590 (stuffed); lectotype designation by Klausewitz (1960). Type locality: Massawa, Eritrea, Red Sea. Local synonymy: Sphyrna mokarran: D’Aubrey, 1964a: 47, pl. 28; Gilbert, 1967: 25, figs. 6, 7, 21b, 22b, pl. 2, 6a (revision of family); Bass et al., 1975b: 44, fig. 25; Compagno, 1984b: 548, fig.; Bass, 1986: 97, fig. 13.2; Cliff & Wilson, 1986: 26; Compagno, 1988a: 35; Compagno et al., 1989: 72, pl.; Compagno, 1999: 120; Heemstra & Heemstra, 2004: 68; Compagno et al., 2005: 324, fig., pl. 64; Ebert et al., 2013 a: 504, fig., pl. 75; NPOA, 2013: 48; Ebert & Dando, 2014: 17, fig.; da Silva et al., 2015: 248; Ebert & van Hees, 2015: 146; Compagno, 2016: 1333; Weigmann, 2016: 881. South Africa voucher material: SAIAB 6268 [ex ORI 2610], SAIAB 7010 [ex ORI 196], SAIAB 7011 [ex ORI 825], SAIAB 7012 [ex ORI 965], SAIAB 7013 [ex ORI 1296], SAIAB 99328, SAIAB 99329. South African distribution: Port Shepstone to the KZN border with Mozambique. Remarks: The least common of the hammerhead shark species occurring in South African waters, it is most common during the warmer months (Bass et al., 1975b). Conservation status: CR (2019)., Published as part of Ebert, David A., Wintner, Sabine P. & Kyne, Peter M., 2021, An annotated checklist of the chondrichthyans of South Africa, pp. 1-127 in Zootaxa 4947 (1) on page 69, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4947.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/4614567, {"references":["Klausewitz, W. (1960) Die Typen und Typoide des Naturmuseums Senckenberg, 23, Pisces, Chondrichthyes, Elasmobranchii. Senckenbergiana Biologica, 41 (5 / 6), 289 - 296.","D'Aubrey, J. D. (1964 a) Preliminary guide to the sharks found off the east coast of South Africa. South African Association for Marine Biological Research, Oceanographic Research Institute, Investigational Report, 8, 1 - 95.","Gilbert, C. R. (1967) A revision of the hammerhead sharks (family Sphyrnidae). Proceedings of the United States National Museum, 119 (3539), 1 - 88. https: // doi. org / 10.5479 / si. 00963801.119 - 3539.1","Bass, A. J., D'Aubrey, J. D. & Kistnasamy, N. (1975 b) Sharks of the east coast of southern Africa. III. The families Carcharhinidae (excluding Mustelus and Carcharhinus) and Sphyrnidae. Investigational Report. Oceanographic Research Institute, Durban, 38, 1 - 100.","Compagno, L. J. V. (1984 b) FAO Species Catalogue. Sharks of the World. An Annotated and Illustrated Catalogue of Shark Species Known to Date. FAO Fisheries Synopsis. Vol. 4. No. 125. Part 2. Carcharhiniformes. FAO, Rome, pp. 251 - 655.","Bass, A. J. (1986) Families Chlamydoselachidae, Heterodontidae, Orectolobidae, Rhinicodontidae, Scyliorhinidae, Pseudotriakidae, Sphyrnidae, Lamnidae, Cetorhinidae, Alopiidae, Pseudocarchariidae, Squatinidae. In: Smith, M. M. & Heemstra, P. C. (Eds.), Smith's Sea Fishes. Macmillan, Johannesburg, pp. 47 - 48 + 64 - 66 + 87 - 102 + 103 + 107.","Cliff, G. & Wilson, R. B. (1986) Natal Sharks Board's Field Guide to Sharks and Other Marine Animals. Natal Sharks Board, Umhlanga Rocks, 57 pp.","Compagno, L. J. V. (1988 a) Sharks of the Order Carcharhiniformes. Princeton University Press, Princeton, New Jersey, 486 pp.","Compagno, L. J. V., Ebert, D. A. & Smale, M. J. (1989) Guide to the Sharks and Rays of Southern Africa. Struik Publishers, Cape Town, 158 pp.","Compagno, L. J. V. (1999) An overview of chondrichthyan systematics and biodiversity in southern Africa. Transactions of the Royal Society of South Africa, 54, 75 - 120. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00359199909520406","Heemstra, P. C. & Heemstra, E. (2004) Coastal Fishes of Southern Africa. National Inquiry Service Centre and South African Institute for Aquatic Biodiversity, Grahamstown, 488 pp.","Compagno, L., Dando, M. & Fowler, S. (2005) Field Guide to the Sharks of the World. Harper Collins Publishers Ltd, London, 368 pp.","Ebert, D. A., Fowler, S. & Compagno, L. J. V. (2013) Sharks of the World: A Fully Illustrated Guide to the Sharks of the World. Wild Nature Press, Plymouth, 528 pp.","NPOA. (2013) National Plan of Action for the Conservation and Management of Sharks (NPOA-Sharks). Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries (DAFF), Rogge Bay, Cape Town, 63 pp.","Ebert, D. A. & Dando, M. (2014) On Board Guide for the Identification of Pelagic Sharks and Rays of the Western Indian Ocean. SmartFish Programme, FAO, Rome & Indian Ocean Commission, Port Louis, 109 pp.","da Silva C., Booth, A. J., Dudley, S. F. J., Kerwath, S. E., Lamberth, S. J., Leslie, R. W., McCord, M. E., Sauer, W. H. H. & Zweig, T. (2015) A description and updated overview of the status and management of South Africa's chondrichthyan fisheries. South African Journal of Marine Science, 37, 233 - 248. https: // doi. org / 10.2989 / 1814232 X. 2015.1044471","Ebert, D. A. & van Hees, K. E. (2015) Beyond jaws: rediscovering the \" Lost Sharks \" of southern Africa. African Journal of Marine Science, 37, 141 - 156. https: // doi. org / 10.2989 / 1814232 X. 2015.1048730","Compagno, L. J. V. (2016) Sharks. In: Carpenter, K. E. & De Angelis, N. (Eds.), The Living Marine Resources of the Eastern Central Atlantic. Vol. 2. Bivalves, Gastropods, Hagfishes, Sharks, Batoid Fishes, and Chimaeras. FAO Species Identification Guide for Fishery Purposes. FAO, Rome, pp. 1122 - 1336.","Weigmann, S. (2016) Annotated checklist of the living sharks, batoids and chimaeras (Chondrichthyes) of the world, with a focus on biogeographical diversity. Journal of Fish Biology, 88, 837 - 1037. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / jfb. 12874"]}

Genus Cephaloscyllium Gill, 1862 Swellsharks Cephaloscyllium Gill, 1862: 407. Type species: Scyllium laticeps Duméril, 1853. Type by original designation (also monotypic)., Published as part of Ebert, David A., Wintner, Sabine P. & Kyne, Peter M., 2021, An annotated checklist of the chondrichthyans of South Africa, pp. 1-127 in Zootaxa 4947 (1) on page 52, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4947.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/4614567, {"references":["Gill, T. N. (1862) Analytical synopsis of the order of Squali; and revision of the nomenclature of the genera. Annals of the Lyceum of Natural History of New York, 7, 367 - 408. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1749 - 6632.1862. tb 00166. x","Dumeril, A. H. A. (1853) Monographie de la tribu des Scylliens ou Roussettes (poissons plagiostomes) comprenant deux especes nouvelles. Revue et Magasin de Zoologie, Series 2, 5, 8 - 25 + 73 - 87 + 119 - 130."]}

Cruriraja durbanensis (von Bonde & Swart, 1923) Smoothnose Legskate Raia durbanensis von Bonde & Swart, 1923: 11, fig. 1, pl. 22. Syntypes: (2) whereabouts unknown. Type locality: Hondeklip Bay, southwestern South Africa, southeastern Atlantic. Local synonymy: Raia durbanensis: von Bonde & Swart, 1923: 11, fig. 1, pl. 22; Barnard, 1925: 69. Cruriraja durbanensis: Bigelow & Schroeder, 1948a: 550; Bigelow & Schroeder, 1953: 315; Bigelow & Schroeder, 1962: 199; Smith, 1964: 287; Wallace, 1967a: 7; Hulley, 1970: 156, fig. 3; Hulley, 1986: 116, fig. 25.2; Compagno et al., 1989: 84, pl. Compagno et al., 1991: 91; Ebert et al., 1991: 79; Stehmann, 1995: 103; Compagno, 1999: 117; Compagno & Ebert, 2007: 141, fig. 8a; Ebert & Compagno, 2007: 122; Aschliman et al., 2010: 370; Ebert, 2015: 174, fig. 191; Ebert & van Hees, 2015: 147; Weigmann, 2016: 963; Weigmann et al., 2016a: 478, fig. 21.4. Raia spinacidermis: Smith, 1949a: 66 (in part Raia durbanensis in synonymy); Smith, 1965: 66 (in part).) South Africa voucher material: Syntypes, 2 specimens both lost. No other known specimens available. South African distribution: Endemic. Hondeklip Bay (NC). Remarks: The only two known specimens are lost and to date no other specimens of this species have been observed despite extensive surveys along the west coast. The specific name “ durbanensis ” is misleading since the only known specimens were caught off the west coast in very deepwater. Conservation status: DD (2019)., Published as part of Ebert, David A., Wintner, Sabine P. & Kyne, Peter M., 2021, An annotated checklist of the chondrichthyans of South Africa, pp. 1-127 in Zootaxa 4947 (1) on page 88, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4947.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/4614567, {"references":["von Bonde, C. & Swart, D. B. (1923) The Platosomia (skates and rays) collected by the S. S. \" Pickle \". University of South Africa, Fisheries and Marine Biological Survey Report, 3 (5), 1 - 22.","Barnard, K. H. (1925) A monograph of the marine fishes of South Africa. Part I (Amphioxus, Cyclostomata, Elasmobranchii, and Teleostei-Isospondyli to Heterosomata). Annals of the South African Museum, 21, 1 - 418.","Bigelow, H. B. & Schroeder, W. C. (1948 a) New genera and species of batoid fishes. Journal of Marine Research, 7 (3), 543 - 566.","Bigelow, H. B. & Schroeder, W. C. (1953) Fishes of the Western North Atlantic Part 2. Sawfishes, guitarfishes, skates, rays and chimaeroids. Memoirs of the Sears Foundation for Marine Research, Series 1, 2, 1 - 588.","Bigelow, H. B. & Schroeder, W. C. (1962) New and little known batoid fishes from the western Atlantic. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology, 128 (4), 161 - 244.","Smith, J. L. B. (1964) Fishes collected by Dr T. Mortenson off the coast of South Africa in 1929, with an account of the genus Cruriraja Bigelow & Schroeder, 1954 in South Africa. Videnskabelige Meddelelser fra Dansk Naturhistorisk Forening, 126, 283 - 300.","Wallace, J. H. (1967 a) The batoid fishes of the east coast of southern Africa. Part III: skates and electric rays. Investigational Report. Oceanographic Research Institute, Durban, 17, 1 - 62.","Hulley, P. A. (1970) An investigation of the Rajidae of the west and south coasts of southern Africa. Annals of the South African Museum, 55, 151 - 220.","Hulley, P. A. (1986) Family Rajidae, Anacanthobatidae. In: Smith, M. M. & Heemstra, P. C. (Eds.), Smith's Sea Fishes. Macmillan, Johannesburg, pp. 115 - 128.","Compagno, L. J. V., Ebert, D. A. & Smale, M. J. (1989) Guide to the Sharks and Rays of Southern Africa. Struik Publishers, Cape Town, 158 pp.","Compagno, L. J. V., Ebert, D. A. & Cowley, P. D. (1991) Distribution of offshore demersal cartilaginous fishes (class Chondrichthyes) of the west coast of southern Africa, with notes on their systematics. South African Journal of Marine Science, 11, 43 - 139. https: // doi. org / 10.2989 / 025776191784287664","Ebert, D. A., Cowley, P. D. & Compagno, L. J. V. (1991) A preliminary investigation of the feeding ecology of skates (Batoidea: Rajidae) off the west coast of southern Africa. South African Journal of Marine Science, 10, 71 - 81. https: // doi. org / 10.2989 / 02577619109504621","Stehmann, M. (1995) First and new records of skates (Chondrichthyes, Rajiformes, Rajidae) from the West African continental slope (Morocco to South Africa), with descriptions of two new species. Archiv f ̡ r Fischereiwissenschaft, 43 (1), 1 - 119.","Compagno, L. J. V. (1999) An overview of chondrichthyan systematics and biodiversity in southern Africa. Transactions of the Royal Society of South Africa, 54, 75 - 120. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00359199909520406","Compagno, L. J. V. & Ebert, D. A. (2007) Southern African skate biodiversity and distribution. Environmental Biology of Fishes, 80, 125 - 145. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / s 10641 - 007 - 9243 - 4","Aschliman, N. C., Ebert, D. A. & Compagno, L. J. V. (2010) A new legskate (Rajoidei; genus Cruriraja) from southern Africa. Copeia, 3, 364 - 372. https: // doi. org / 10.1643 / CI- 09 - 215","Ebert, D. A. (2015) Deep-sea cartilaginous fishes of the Southeastern Atlantic Ocean. FAO Species Catalogue for Fishery Purposes No. 9. FAO, Rome, 251 pp.","Ebert, D. A. & van Hees, K. E. (2015) Beyond jaws: rediscovering the \" Lost Sharks \" of southern Africa. African Journal of Marine Science, 37, 141 - 156. https: // doi. org / 10.2989 / 1814232 X. 2015.1048730","Weigmann, S. (2016) Annotated checklist of the living sharks, batoids and chimaeras (Chondrichthyes) of the world, with a focus on biogeographical diversity. Journal of Fish Biology, 88, 837 - 1037. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / jfb. 12874","Weigmann, S., Seret, B., Last, P. R. & McEachran, J. D. (2016 a) Pygmy skates. Family Gurgesiellidae. In: Last, P. R., White, W. T., de Carvalho, M. E., Seret, B., Stehmann, M. F. W. & Naylor, G. J. P. (Eds.), Rays of the World. Cornell University Press, Ithaca, New York, pp. 473 - 493. https: // doi. org / 10.1071 / 9780643109148","Smith, J. L. B. (1949 a) The Sea Fishes of Southern Africa. South Africa Central News Agency Ltd., 550 pp.","Smith, J. L. B. (1965) The Sea Fishes of Southern Africa. 5 th Edition. Central News Agency Ltd., 580 pp."]}

Pastinachus ater (Macleay, 1883) Broad Cowtail Ray Taeniura atra Macleay, 1883 a: 598. Holotype: AMS I.9762. Type locality: Port Moresby district, Papua New Guinea. Local synonymy: Dasyatis sephen: Smith, 1957e: 431, pl. 16b; Smith, 1961a: 565, fig. 79c, pl. 108; Smith, 1965: 565, fig. 79c, pl. 108; Wallace, 1967c: 42, fig. 21. Hypolophus sephen: Compagno & Heemstra, 1984: 3; Compagno, 1986: 140, fig. 30.12; Compagno et al., 1989: 104, pl. Pastinachus sephen: Compagno, 1999: 117; Ebert & van Hees, 2015: 147. Pastinachus ater: Last et al., 2016h: 364; Last et al., 2016i: 594, fig. 25.65. Pastinachus atrus: Weigmann, 2016: 976. South Africa voucher material: None examined. South African distribution: Northern KZN. Remarks: Smith (1957) first reported this stingray, as Dasyatis sephen, from northern KZN. It appears to be rare in South African waters, which is considered to be the edge of its range. Conservation status: NE. Genus Pateobatis Last, Naylor, & Manjaji-Matsumoto, 2016 h Whiprays Pateobatis Last, Naylor, & Manjaji-Matsumoto, 2016 h: 362. Type species: Trygon uarnacoides Bleeker, 1852, by original designation., Published as part of Ebert, David A., Wintner, Sabine P. & Kyne, Peter M., 2021, An annotated checklist of the chondrichthyans of South Africa, pp. 1-127 in Zootaxa 4947 (1) on page 94, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4947.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/4614567, {"references":["Macleay, W. (1883) Contribution to a knowledge of the fishes of New Guinea. No. III. Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales, 7 (4), 585 - 598. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. part. 22766","Smith, J. L. B. (1957 e) Dasyatid rays new to South Africa. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Series 12, 10 (116), 429 - 431. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222935708655980","Smith, J. L. B. (1961 a) The Sea Fishes of Southern Africa. 4 th Edition. Central News Agency Ltd., Cape Town, 580 pp.","Smith, J. L. B. (1965) The Sea Fishes of Southern Africa. 5 th Edition. Central News Agency Ltd., 580 pp.","Wallace, J. H. (1967 c) The batoid fishes of the east coast of southern Africa. Part II: manta, eagle, duckbill, cownose, butterfly and sting rays. Investigational Report. Oceanographic Research Institute, Durban, 16, 1 - 56.","Compagno, L. J. V. & Heemstra, P. C. (1984) Himantura draco, a new species of stingray (Myliobatiformes: Dasyatidae) from South Africa, with a key to the Dasyatidae and the first record of Dasyatis kuhlii (M ʾ ller & Henle, 1841) from southern Africa. J. L. B. Smith Institute of Ichthyology Special Publication, 33, 1 - 17.","Compagno, L. J. V. (1986) Families Pristidae, Narkidae, Rhinobatidae, Myliobatidae, Mobulidae, Dasyatidae, Chimaeridae, Rhinochimaeridae, Callorhinchidae. In: Smith, M. M. & Heemstra, P. C. (Eds.), Smith's Sea Fishes. Macmillan, Johannesburg, pp. 110 - 142, 144 - 147.","Compagno, L. J. V., Ebert, D. A. & Smale, M. J. (1989) Guide to the Sharks and Rays of Southern Africa. Struik Publishers, Cape Town, 158 pp.","Compagno, L. J. V. (1999) An overview of chondrichthyan systematics and biodiversity in southern Africa. Transactions of the Royal Society of South Africa, 54, 75 - 120. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00359199909520406","Ebert, D. A. & van Hees, K. E. (2015) Beyond jaws: rediscovering the \" Lost Sharks \" of southern Africa. African Journal of Marine Science, 37, 141 - 156. https: // doi. org / 10.2989 / 1814232 X. 2015.1048730","Last, P. R., Naylor, G. J. P. & Manjaji-Matsumoto, B. M. (2016 h) A revised classification of the family Dasyatidae (Chondrichthyes: Myliobatiformes) based on new morphological and molecular insights. Zootaxa, 4139 (3), 345 - 368. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4139.3.2","Last, P. R., Manjaji-Matsumoto, B. M., Naylor, G. J. P. & White, W. T. (2016 i) Stingrays. Family Dasyatidae. In: Last, P. R., White, W. T., de Carvalho, M. E., Seret, B., Stehmann, M. F. W. & Naylor, G. J. P. (Eds.), Rays of the World. Cornell University Press, Ithaca, New York, pp. 522 - 618. https: // doi. org / 10.1071 / 9780643109148","Weigmann, S. (2016) Annotated checklist of the living sharks, batoids and chimaeras (Chondrichthyes) of the world, with a focus on biogeographical diversity. Journal of Fish Biology, 88, 837 - 1037. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / jfb. 12874","Smith, J. L. B. (1957 a) A new shark from South Africa. South African Journal of Science, 53, 261 - 264.","Bleeker, P. (1852) Bijdrage tot de kennis der Plagiostomen van den Indischen Archipel. Verhandelingen van het Bataviaasch Genootschap van Kunsten en Wetenschappen, 24, 1 - 92."]}

Dipturus stenorhynchus (Wallace, 1967a) Prownose Skate Raja stenorhynchus Wallace, 1967a: 23, fig. 11. Holotype (unique): ORI B186. Type locality: East of Barra da Falsa, Mozambique, Western Indian Ocean, 22°25'S, 35°54'E. Local synonymy: Raja stenorhynchus: Wallace, 1967a: 23, Fig. 11; Hulley, 1986: 126, fig. 25.20. Raja (Dipturus) stenorhynchus: Hulley, 1972a: 77; Compagno et al., 1989: 90, pl. Dipturus stenorhynchus: Compagno, 1999: 116; Compagno & Ebert, 2007: 139, fig. 6f; Ebert & Compagno, 2007: 119; Ebert et al., 2008: 89; Ebert, 2014: 61, fig. 85; Ebert, 2015: 177, fig. 197; Ebert & van Hees, 2015: 147; Last et al., 2016f: 22; Last et al., 2016g: 273, fig. 19.64; Weigmann, 2016: 946. South Africa voucher material: Ebert et al. (2008) examined 31 uncatalogued specimens at SAM. South African distribution: Off Plettenberg Bay (WC) to southeast of Algoa Bay (EC) and from off KZN. Remarks: A little known skate with a patchy distribution off South Africa and Mozambique. Conservation status: DD (2019). Genus Leucoraja Malm, 1877 Rough Skates Leucoraja Malm, 1877: 121. Type species: Raja fullonica Linnaeus, 1758, type by subsequent designation. Designated by Jordan, 1919: 391., Published as part of Ebert, David A., Wintner, Sabine P. & Kyne, Peter M., 2021, An annotated checklist of the chondrichthyans of South Africa, pp. 1-127 in Zootaxa 4947 (1) on page 81, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4947.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/4614567, {"references":["Wallace, J. H. (1967 a) The batoid fishes of the east coast of southern Africa. Part III: skates and electric rays. Investigational Report. Oceanographic Research Institute, Durban, 17, 1 - 62.","Hulley, P. A. (1986) Family Rajidae, Anacanthobatidae. In: Smith, M. M. & Heemstra, P. C. (Eds.), Smith's Sea Fishes. Macmillan, Johannesburg, pp. 115 - 128.","Hulley, P. A. (1972 a) The origin, interrelationships and distribution of southern African Rajidae (Chondrichthyes, Batoidei). Annals of the South African Museum, 60, 1 - 103. https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 1442499","Compagno, L. J. V., Ebert, D. A. & Smale, M. J. (1989) Guide to the Sharks and Rays of Southern Africa. Struik Publishers, Cape Town, 158 pp.","Compagno, L. J. V. (1999) An overview of chondrichthyan systematics and biodiversity in southern Africa. Transactions of the Royal Society of South Africa, 54, 75 - 120. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00359199909520406","Compagno, L. J. V. & Ebert, D. A. (2007) Southern African skate biodiversity and distribution. Environmental Biology of Fishes, 80, 125 - 145. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / s 10641 - 007 - 9243 - 4","Ebert, D. A., Compagno, L. J. V. & Cowley, P. D. (2008) Aspects on the reproductive biology of skates (Chondrichthyes: Rajiformes: Rajoidei) from southern African waters. ICES Journal of Marine Science, 65, 81 - 102. https: // doi. org / 10.1093 / icesjms / fsm 169","Ebert D. A. (2014) Deep-sea cartilaginous fishes of the Indian Ocean. Vol. 2. Batoids and chimaeras. FAO Species Catalogue for Fishery Purposes No. 8. Vol. 2. FAO, Rome, 129 pp.","Ebert, D. A. (2015) Deep-sea cartilaginous fishes of the Southeastern Atlantic Ocean. FAO Species Catalogue for Fishery Purposes No. 9. FAO, Rome, 251 pp.","Ebert, D. A. & van Hees, K. E. (2015) Beyond jaws: rediscovering the \" Lost Sharks \" of southern Africa. African Journal of Marine Science, 37, 141 - 156. https: // doi. org / 10.2989 / 1814232 X. 2015.1048730","Last, P. R., Weigmann, S. & Yang, L. (2016 f) Changes to the nomenclature of the skates (Chondrichthyes: Rajiformes). In: Last, P. R. & Yearsley, G. K. (Eds.), Rays of the World: Supplementary Information. CSIRO Australian National Fish Collection, Hobart, pp. 11 - 34.","Last, P. R., Seret, B., Stehmann, M. F. W. & Weigmann, S. (2016 g) Skates. Family Rajidae. In: Last, P. R., White, W. T., de Carvalho, M. E., Seret, B., Stehmann, M. F. W. & Naylor, G. J. P. (Eds.), Rays of the World. Cornell University Press, Ithaca, New York, pp. 204 - 363. https: // doi. org / 10.1071 / 9780643109148","Weigmann, S. (2016) Annotated checklist of the living sharks, batoids and chimaeras (Chondrichthyes) of the world, with a focus on biogeographical diversity. Journal of Fish Biology, 88, 837 - 1037. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / jfb. 12874","Malm, A. W. (1877) G ˆ teborgs och Bohuslans fauna. Ryggradsdjuren, G ˆ teborg Handelstidning Akteriolags Tryckeri G ˆ teborg, 674 pp.","Linnaeus, C. (1758) Systema Naturae, Ed. X. (Systema naturae per regna tria naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata. Impensis Direct. Laurentii Salvii, Holmiae, 824 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 542","Jordan, D. S. (1919) The genera of fishes, part III, from Guenther to Gill, 1859 - 1880, twenty-two years, with the accepted type of each. A contribution to the stability of scientific nomenclature. Leland Stanford Junior University Publications, University Series, 39, 285 - 410."]}

Carcharhinus brachyurus (Günther, 1870) Copper Shark Carcharias brachyurus G̹nther, 1870: 369. Neotype: NMNZ P. 2262, female 2420 mm TL, off Wanganui, New Zealand; neotype designation by Garrick (1982); original type material in BMNH are apparently lost, and two Australian embryos referred to by G̹nther (1870) are actually C. leucas (see Garrick, 1982). Local synonymy: Carcharinus obscurus: Barnard, 1925: 25 (misidentified). Eulamia obscurus: von Bonde, 1934: 14 (misidentified after Barnard, 1925). Carcharhinus obscurus: Bigelow & Schroeder, 1948b: 382, figs. 71–72 (in part, South African records refer to Barnard’s 1925 specimen). Carcharhinus improvisus: Smith, 1952c: 761, fig. 1 (original description, Algoa Bay); Smith, 1952e: 6, fig. 3; Smith, 1953: 41, pl. 104; Smith, 1963, 364, figs. 1–3. Carcharhinus ahenea: Smith, 1962a: 28; D’Aubrey, 1964a: 31, pl. 15. Carcharhinus limbatus: Doyle, 1964: 18, pl. Carcharhinus brachyurus: Bass et al., 1973: 23, fig. 8; Garrick, 1982: 171, figs. 78–81; Compagno, 1984b: 464, fig.; Bass et al., 1986: 71, fig. 9.5, pl. 2; Cliff & Wilson, 1986: 21; Compagno, 1988a: 316; Compagno, et al., 1989: 62, pl.; Compagno, 1999: 120; Heemstra & Heemstra, 2004: 57; Compagno et al., 2005: 292, fig., pl. 61; Ebert et al., 2013 a: 461, fig., pl. 67; Mann, 2013: 31; NPOA, 2013: 40; da Silva et al., 2015: 246; Ebert & van Hees, 2015: 146; Compagno, 2016: 1299; Weigmann, 2016: 854. South Africa voucher material: SAIAB 6121, SAIAB 6347, SAIAB 10442, SAIAB 10722, SAIAB 12820, SAIAB 13024, SAIAB 14864, SAIAB 27580, SAIAB 30170, SAIAB 44231, SAIAB 201711, SAIAB 202978. South African distribution: Almost the entire coast from the Orange River (NC) to central KZN. Remarks: This species has a long checkered nomenclatural history. Barnard (1925) first recorded C. brachyurus in South African waters based on a specimen from Table Bay (WC), however, he had misidentified it as C. obscurus. The name C. obscurus appeared in the literature until Smith (1952b) described a new species, C. improvisus from Algoa Bay. Smith (1962a) later recorded this species as C. ahenea from False Bay (WC) and considered them different species. D’Aubrey (1964a) considered both C. ahenea and C. improvisus to be synonymous under the name C. ahenea. The specimen originally identified by Barnard (1925) as C. obscurus had been stuffed and was on exhibit at SAM when it was examined by Bass et al. (1973) who confirmed it as C. brachyurus based on the jaws. Garrick (1982) reviewed the various names, including C. ahenea and C. improvisus, and assigned them all to the same species, C. brachyurus. Conservation status: VU (2020)., Published as part of Ebert, David A., Wintner, Sabine P. & Kyne, Peter M., 2021, An annotated checklist of the chondrichthyans of South Africa, pp. 1-127 in Zootaxa 4947 (1) on pages 61-62, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4947.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/4614567, {"references":["Garrick, J. A. F. (1982) Sharks of the genus Carcharhinus. NOAA (National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration) Technical Report NMFS (National Marine Fisheries Service) Circular, 445, 1 - 194.","Barnard, K. H. (1925) A monograph of the marine fishes of South Africa. Part I (Amphioxus, Cyclostomata, Elasmobranchii, and Teleostei-Isospondyli to Heterosomata). Annals of the South African Museum, 21, 1 - 418.","von Bonde, C. (1934) Shark fishing as an industry. Union of South Africa, Department of Commerce and Industry, Fisheries and Marine Biological Survey, Investigational Report, Series 2, 1 - 19.","Bigelow, H. B. & Schroeder, W. C. (1948 b) Sharks. Fishes of the Western North Atlantic Part 1. Memoirs of the Sears Foundation for Marine Research, Series 1, 1, 56 - 576.","Smith, J. L. B. (1952 c) Two chondrichthyan fishes new to South Africa. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Series 12, 5, 760 - 765. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222935208654346","Smith, J. L. B. (1952 e) We need information about sharks: anglers can help science. South African Angler, 6 (11), 6 - 7, 22.","Smith, J. L. B. (1953) The Sea Fishes of Southern Africa. 3 rd Edition. South Africa Central News Agency Ltd., 564 pp.","Smith, J. L. B. (1963) Shark attacks in the South African seas. In: Gilbert, P. W. (Ed.), Sharks and Survival. D. C. Heath, Boston, pp. 363 - 368.","Smith, J. L. B. (1962 a) Bronze whaler shark of Australia comes to South Africa. Field & Tide, 4 (1), 28.","D'Aubrey, J. D. (1964 a) Preliminary guide to the sharks found off the east coast of South Africa. South African Association for Marine Biological Research, Oceanographic Research Institute, Investigational Report, 8, 1 - 95.","Doyle, D. (1964) Shark fight at Buffels bay. Fin Diver, 1 (8), 18 - 19.","Bass, A. J., D'Aubrey, J. D. & Kistnasamy, N. (1973) Sharks of the east coast of southern Africa. I. The genus Carcharhinus (Carcharhinidae). Investigational Report. Oceanographic Research Institute, Durban, 33, 1 - 168.","Compagno, L. J. V. (1984 b) FAO Species Catalogue. Sharks of the World. An Annotated and Illustrated Catalogue of Shark Species Known to Date. FAO Fisheries Synopsis. Vol. 4. No. 125. Part 2. Carcharhiniformes. FAO, Rome, pp. 251 - 655.","Bass, A. J. & Compagno, L. J. V. (1986) Families Echinorhinidae, Proscyllidae, Odontaspidiidae, Mitsukurinidae. In: Smith, M. M. & Heemstra, P. C. (Eds.), Smith's Sea Fishes. Macmillan, Johannesburg, pp. 63 + 103 + 104 - 105.","Cliff, G. & Wilson, R. B. (1986) Natal Sharks Board's Field Guide to Sharks and Other Marine Animals. Natal Sharks Board, Umhlanga Rocks, 57 pp.","Compagno, L. J. V. (1988 a) Sharks of the Order Carcharhiniformes. Princeton University Press, Princeton, New Jersey, 486 pp.","Compagno, L. J. V. (1999) An overview of chondrichthyan systematics and biodiversity in southern Africa. Transactions of the Royal Society of South Africa, 54, 75 - 120. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00359199909520406","Heemstra, P. C. & Heemstra, E. (2004) Coastal Fishes of Southern Africa. National Inquiry Service Centre and South African Institute for Aquatic Biodiversity, Grahamstown, 488 pp.","Compagno, L., Dando, M. & Fowler, S. (2005) Field Guide to the Sharks of the World. Harper Collins Publishers Ltd, London, 368 pp.","Ebert, D. A., Fowler, S. & Compagno, L. J. V. (2013) Sharks of the World: A Fully Illustrated Guide to the Sharks of the World. Wild Nature Press, Plymouth, 528 pp.","Mann, B. Q. (2013) Southern African marine linefish species profiles. Oceanographic Research Institute, Special Publication, 9, 1 - 343.","NPOA. (2013) National Plan of Action for the Conservation and Management of Sharks (NPOA-Sharks). Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries (DAFF), Rogge Bay, Cape Town, 63 pp.","da Silva C., Booth, A. J., Dudley, S. F. J., Kerwath, S. E., Lamberth, S. J., Leslie, R. W., McCord, M. E., Sauer, W. H. H. & Zweig, T. (2015) A description and updated overview of the status and management of South Africa's chondrichthyan fisheries. South African Journal of Marine Science, 37, 233 - 248. https: // doi. org / 10.2989 / 1814232 X. 2015.1044471","Ebert, D. A. & van Hees, K. E. (2015) Beyond jaws: rediscovering the \" Lost Sharks \" of southern Africa. African Journal of Marine Science, 37, 141 - 156. https: // doi. org / 10.2989 / 1814232 X. 2015.1048730","Compagno, L. J. V. (2016) Sharks. In: Carpenter, K. E. & De Angelis, N. (Eds.), The Living Marine Resources of the Eastern Central Atlantic. Vol. 2. Bivalves, Gastropods, Hagfishes, Sharks, Batoid Fishes, and Chimaeras. FAO Species Identification Guide for Fishery Purposes. FAO, Rome, pp. 1122 - 1336.","Weigmann, S. (2016) Annotated checklist of the living sharks, batoids and chimaeras (Chondrichthyes) of the world, with a focus on biogeographical diversity. Journal of Fish Biology, 88, 837 - 1037. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / jfb. 12874","Smith, J. L. B. (1952 b) Carcharhinus zambezensis Peters, 1852, notes on other chondrichthyan fishes. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Series 12, 5, 857 - 863. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222935208654359"]}

Dalatias licha (Bonnaterre, 1788) Kitefin Shark Squalus licha Bonnaterre, 1788: 12. Holotype: Lost. Type locality: Capbreton, north of Bayonne, France, northeastern Atlantic Ocean. Local synonymy: Scymnorhinus brevipinnis: Smith, 1936: 1, figs. 1–2. Scymnorhinus licha: Bass et al., 1986: 60, fig. 5.22. Dalatias licha: Smith, 1949a: 56, fig. 46; Smith, 1965: 56, fig. 46; Bass et al., 1976: 41; Compagno, 1984a: 63, fig.; Compagno et al., 1989: 34, pl.; Compagno, 1999: 115; Compagno et al., 2005: 125, fig., pl. 14; Ebert, 2013: 109, fig. 148; Ebert et al., 2013 a: 297, fig., pl. 17; Ebert & Mostada, 2013: 47, fig.; da Silva et al., 2015: 246; Ebert & van Hees, 2015: 144; Weigmann, 2016: 892. South Africa voucher material: SAIAB 27 (Holotype of Dalatias brevipinnis). SAIAB 6057, SAIAB 6059, SAIAB 6236, SAIAB 99092, SAM 25555, SAIAB 189052. South Africa distribution: Off Algoa Bay (EC) to Kosi Bay (KZN). Remarks: Smith (1936) described Dalatias brevipinnis (Holotype SAIAB 27) from three specimens taken off Algoa Bay, 35 miles south of Cape Recife (EC). However, Smith (1949a) later placed his species in synonymy with D. licha. A common species off KZN and southern Mozambique, its range extends to off Algoa Bay where it is found in deep water over 400 m. Although it not very common in the EC, Bass et al. (1976) reported about five specimens that had been caught off Port Elizabeth. Conservation status: VU (2018). Genus Euprotomicroides Hulley & Penrith, 1966 Taillight Sharks Euprotomicroides Hulley & Penrith, 1966: 222. Type species: Euprotomicroides zantedeschia Hulley & Penrith, 1966. Type by monotypy., Published as part of Ebert, David A., Wintner, Sabine P. & Kyne, Peter M., 2021, An annotated checklist of the chondrichthyans of South Africa, pp. 1-127 in Zootaxa 4947 (1) on page 34, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4947.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/4614567, {"references":["Bonnaterre, J. P. (1788) Tableau encyclopedique et methodique des trois regnes de la nature. Ichthyologie, Paris, 215 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 11660","Smith, J. L. B. (1936) Two interesting new fishes from South Africa. Transactions of the Royal Society of South Africa, 14 (1), 1 - 6. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00359193609518910","Bass, A. J. & Compagno, L. J. V. (1986) Families Echinorhinidae, Proscyllidae, Odontaspidiidae, Mitsukurinidae. In: Smith, M. M. & Heemstra, P. C. (Eds.), Smith's Sea Fishes. Macmillan, Johannesburg, pp. 63 + 103 + 104 - 105.","Smith, J. L. B. (1949 a) The Sea Fishes of Southern Africa. South Africa Central News Agency Ltd., 550 pp.","Smith, J. L. B. (1965) The Sea Fishes of Southern Africa. 5 th Edition. Central News Agency Ltd., 580 pp.","Bass, A. J., D'Aubrey, J. D. & Kistnasamy, N. (1976) Sharks of the east coast of southern Africa. VI. The families Oxynotidae, Squalidae, Dalatiidae and Echinorhinidae. Investigational Report. Oceanographic Research Institute, Durban, 45, 1 - 103.","Compagno, L. J. V. (1984 a) FAO Species Catalogue. Sharks of the World. An Annotated and Illustrated Catalogue of Shark Species Known to Date. FAO Fisheries Synopsis. Vol. 4. No. 125. Part 1. Hexanchiformes to Lamniformes. FAO, Rome, pp. 1 - 250.","Compagno, L. J. V., Ebert, D. A. & Smale, M. J. (1989) Guide to the Sharks and Rays of Southern Africa. Struik Publishers, Cape Town, 158 pp.","Compagno, L. J. V. (1999) An overview of chondrichthyan systematics and biodiversity in southern Africa. Transactions of the Royal Society of South Africa, 54, 75 - 120. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00359199909520406","Compagno, L., Dando, M. & Fowler, S. (2005) Field Guide to the Sharks of the World. Harper Collins Publishers Ltd, London, 368 pp.","Ebert D. A. (2013) Deep-sea cartilaginous fishes of the Indian Ocean. Vol. 1. Sharks. FAO Species Catalogue for Fishery Purposes No. 8. Vol. 1. FAO, Rome, 256 pp.","Ebert, D. A., Fowler, S. & Compagno, L. J. V. (2013) Sharks of the World: A Fully Illustrated Guide to the Sharks of the World. Wild Nature Press, Plymouth, 528 pp.","da Silva C., Booth, A. J., Dudley, S. F. J., Kerwath, S. E., Lamberth, S. J., Leslie, R. W., McCord, M. E., Sauer, W. H. H. & Zweig, T. (2015) A description and updated overview of the status and management of South Africa's chondrichthyan fisheries. South African Journal of Marine Science, 37, 233 - 248. https: // doi. org / 10.2989 / 1814232 X. 2015.1044471","Ebert, D. A. & van Hees, K. E. (2015) Beyond jaws: rediscovering the \" Lost Sharks \" of southern Africa. African Journal of Marine Science, 37, 141 - 156. https: // doi. org / 10.2989 / 1814232 X. 2015.1048730","Weigmann, S. (2016) Annotated checklist of the living sharks, batoids and chimaeras (Chondrichthyes) of the world, with a focus on biogeographical diversity. Journal of Fish Biology, 88, 837 - 1037. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / jfb. 12874","Hulley, P. A. & Penrith, M. J. (1966) Euprotomicroides zantedeschia, a new genus and species of pigmy dalatiid shark from South Africa. Bulletin of Marine Science, 16 (2), 222 - 229."]}

Pliotrema warreni Regan, 1906a Sixgill Sawshark Pliotrema warreni Regan, 1906a: 1, pl. 1. Syntypes: BMNH 1899.2.10.4 (skeleton in spirit), ~ 704 mm TL; BMNH 1905.6.8.9 (1). Type locality: False Bay, Cape of Good Hope, Western Cape Province, South Africa and off the coast of KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. Local synonymy: Pliotrema warreni: Regan, 1906a: 1, pl. 1; Thompson, 1914: 152; Gilchrist, 1922b: 50; Barnard, 1925: 53, fig. 3, pl. 3; Barnard, 1947: 20, fig. 6, pl. 3; Smith, 1949a: 62, pl. 3; Smith, 1965: 62, pl. 3; Bass et al., 1975d: 20, fig. 11, pl. 8; Compagno, 1984a: 132, fig.; Bass & Heemstra, 1986: 106, fig. 20.1; Compagno et al., 1989: 36, pl.; Compagno et al., 1991: 73; Compagno, 1999: 115; Ebert & Cailliet, 2011: 501; Ebert & Wilms, 2013: 86; Ebert, 2013: 153, fig. 162; Ebert et al., 2013 a: 179, fig., pl. 18; Ebert & Mostada, 2013: 12, fig.; NPOA, 2013: 51; da Silva et al., 2015: 247; Ebert, 2015: 116, fig. 130; Ebert & Mostada, 2015: 10, fig.; Ebert & van Hees, 2015: 145; Weigmann, 2016: 907; Weigmann et al., 2020: 1, figs. 26–27.? Pristiophorus cirratus (non Latham): Thompson, 1914: 153. A single record of this species is based on a specimen from False Bay (WC) that was a misidentification by G.A. Boulenger, but later used by Regan as one of the two syntypes for P. warreni (see Barnard, 1925: 53; Smith, 1949a: 61; Smith, 1965: 61). South Africa voucher material: Syntypes: BMNH 1899.2.10.4, BMNH 1905.6.8.9. Non-types: SAIAB 4125, SAIAB 6225, SAIAB 8056, SAIAB 12978, SAIAB 14602, SAIAB 18301, SAIAB 26447, SAIAB 26448, SAIAB 26449, SAIAB 27434, SAIAB 69152, SAIAB 88248, SAIAB 99181, SAIAB 99182, SAIAB 99183, SAIAB 186452, SAIAB 189132, SAIAB 208021. South Africa distribution: Table Bay (WC) to the KZN border with Mozambique. Remarks: The genus Pliotrema has been considered to be monotypic, but a recent revision has revealed two new species in the genus (Weigmann et al., 2020); both new species do not occur off South Africa. The global distribution of P. warreni is now considered to range from central Namibia to southern Mozambique, with most of the population occurring on the Agulhas Bank (EC), South Africa. Conservation status: LC (2020). Order Orectolobiformes, Published as part of Ebert, David A., Wintner, Sabine P. & Kyne, Peter M., 2021, An annotated checklist of the chondrichthyans of South Africa, pp. 1-127 in Zootaxa 4947 (1) on page 37, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4947.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/4614567, {"references":["Regan, C. T. (1906 a) Descriptions of new or little-known fishes from the coast of Natal. Annals of the Natal Government Museum, 1 (1), 1 - 6.","Thompson, W. W. (1914) Catalogue of the fishes of the Cape Province (Pt 1). Marine Biological Report, Cape Town, 2 (8), 132 - 167.","Gilchrist, J. D. F. (1922 b) Deep-sea fishes procured by the S. A. \" Pickle \" (Part I.). Special Report (3), Report of the Fisheries and Marine Biological Survey, Union of South Africa, 2, 41 - 79.","Barnard, K. H. (1925) A monograph of the marine fishes of South Africa. Part I (Amphioxus, Cyclostomata, Elasmobranchii, and Teleostei-Isospondyli to Heterosomata). Annals of the South African Museum, 21, 1 - 418.","Barnard, K. H. (1947) A Pictorial Guide to South African Fishes. Marine and Freshwater. Maskew Miller Ltd, Cape Town, 226 pp.","Smith, J. L. B. (1949 a) The Sea Fishes of Southern Africa. South Africa Central News Agency Ltd., 550 pp.","Smith, J. L. B. (1965) The Sea Fishes of Southern Africa. 5 th Edition. Central News Agency Ltd., 580 pp.","Bass, A. J., D'Aubrey, J. D. & Kistnasamy, N. (1975 d) Sharks of the east coast of southern Africa. V. The families Hexanchidae, Chlamydoselachidae, Heterodontidae, Pristiophoridae, and Squatinidae. Investigational Report. Oceanographic Research Institute, Durban, 43, 1 - 50.","Compagno, L. J. V. (1984 a) FAO Species Catalogue. Sharks of the World. An Annotated and Illustrated Catalogue of Shark Species Known to Date. FAO Fisheries Synopsis. Vol. 4. No. 125. Part 1. Hexanchiformes to Lamniformes. FAO, Rome, pp. 1 - 250.","Bass, A. J. & Heemstra, P. C. (1986) Family Pristiophoridae. In: Smith, M. M. & Heemstra, P. C. (Eds.), Smith's Sea Fishes. Macmillan, Johannesburg, pp. 106.","Compagno, L. J. V., Ebert, D. A. & Smale, M. J. (1989) Guide to the Sharks and Rays of Southern Africa. Struik Publishers, Cape Town, 158 pp.","Compagno, L. J. V., Ebert, D. A. & Cowley, P. D. (1991) Distribution of offshore demersal cartilaginous fishes (class Chondrichthyes) of the west coast of southern Africa, with notes on their systematics. South African Journal of Marine Science, 11, 43 - 139. https: // doi. org / 10.2989 / 025776191784287664","Compagno, L. J. V. (1999) An overview of chondrichthyan systematics and biodiversity in southern Africa. Transactions of the Royal Society of South Africa, 54, 75 - 120. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00359199909520406","Ebert, D. A. & Cailliet, G. M. (2011) Pristiophorus nancyae sp. nov., a new species of sawshark (Chondrichthyes: Pristiophoridae) from southern Africa. Bulletin of Marine Science, 87 (3), 501 - 512. https: // doi. org / 10.5343 / bms. 2010.1108","Ebert, D. A. & Wilms, H. A. (2013) Pristiophorus lanae sp. nov., a new sawshark species from the Western North Pacific, with comments on the genus Pristiophorus M ʾ ller & Henle, 1837 (Chondrichthyes: Pristiophoridae). Zootaxa, 3752 (1), 86 - 100. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3752.1.7","Ebert D. A. (2013) Deep-sea cartilaginous fishes of the Indian Ocean. Vol. 1. Sharks. FAO Species Catalogue for Fishery Purposes No. 8. Vol. 1. FAO, Rome, 256 pp.","Ebert, D. A., Fowler, S. & Compagno, L. J. V. (2013) Sharks of the World: A Fully Illustrated Guide to the Sharks of the World. Wild Nature Press, Plymouth, 528 pp.","NPOA. (2013) National Plan of Action for the Conservation and Management of Sharks (NPOA-Sharks). Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries (DAFF), Rogge Bay, Cape Town, 63 pp.","da Silva C., Booth, A. J., Dudley, S. F. J., Kerwath, S. E., Lamberth, S. J., Leslie, R. W., McCord, M. E., Sauer, W. H. H. & Zweig, T. (2015) A description and updated overview of the status and management of South Africa's chondrichthyan fisheries. South African Journal of Marine Science, 37, 233 - 248. https: // doi. org / 10.2989 / 1814232 X. 2015.1044471","Ebert, D. A. (2015) Deep-sea cartilaginous fishes of the Southeastern Atlantic Ocean. FAO Species Catalogue for Fishery Purposes No. 9. FAO, Rome, 251 pp.","Ebert, D. A. & van Hees, K. E. (2015) Beyond jaws: rediscovering the \" Lost Sharks \" of southern Africa. African Journal of Marine Science, 37, 141 - 156. https: // doi. org / 10.2989 / 1814232 X. 2015.1048730","Weigmann, S. (2016) Annotated checklist of the living sharks, batoids and chimaeras (Chondrichthyes) of the world, with a focus on biogeographical diversity. Journal of Fish Biology, 88, 837 - 1037. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / jfb. 12874","Weigmann, S., Gon, O., Leeney, R. H., Barrowclift, E., Berggren, P., Jiddawi, N. & Temple, A. J. (2020) Revision of the sixgill sawsharks, genus Pliotrema (Chondrichthyes, Pristiophoriformes), with descriptions of two new species and a redescription of P. warreni Regan. PLoS ONE, 15 (3), e 0228791. https: // doi. org / 10.1371 / journal. pone. 0228791"]}

Nebrius ferrugineus (Lesson, 1831) Tawny Nurse Shark Scyllium ferrugineum Lesson, 1831: 95. Syntypes: location unknown. Type locality: Port Praslin, New Ireland, Bismarck Archipelago; and Offack Bay, Waigeo, Indonesia. Local synonymy: Nebrius doldi: Smith, 1953: 512, pl. (original description, holotype not saved). Nebrius concolor: Bass et al., 1975c: 44, fig. 21, pl. 14; Bass, 1986: 65, fig. 7.3. Nebrius ferrugineus: Compagno, 1984a: 208, fig.; Compagno et al., 1989: 38, pl.; Compagno, 1999: 118; Compagno, 2001: 196, fig. 161; Compagno et al., 2005: 172, fig., pl. 26; Ebert et al., 2013 a: 271, fig., pl. 35; Ebert & van Hees, 2015: 145; Weigmann, 2016: 843. South Africa voucher material: None. South Africa distribution: Occurs only marginally in South Africa in northern KZN. Remarks: Bass et al. (1975c: plate 14) described and illustrated the jaws of a 183 cm TL specimen collected in northern KZN. The species appears to be more common north of South Africa off the East African coast and around WIO islands. Conservation status: VU (2003)., Published as part of Ebert, David A., Wintner, Sabine P. & Kyne, Peter M., 2021, An annotated checklist of the chondrichthyans of South Africa, pp. 1-127 in Zootaxa 4947 (1) on pages 37-38, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4947.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/4614567, {"references":["Lesson, R. P. (1831) Poissons. In: Duperrey, L. I., Voyage autour du monde ... sur la corvette de La Majeste La Coquille, pendant les annees 1822, 1823, 1824 et 1825, Zoologie, 2 (Pt. 1), 66 - 238.","Smith, J. L. B. (1953) The Sea Fishes of Southern Africa. 3 rd Edition. South Africa Central News Agency Ltd., 564 pp.","Bass, A. J., D'Aubrey, J. D. & Kistnasamy, N. (1975 c) Sharks of the east coast of southern Africa. IV. The families Odontaspididae, Scapanorhynchidae, Isuridae, Cetorhinidae, Alopiidae, Orectolobidae and Rhiniodontidae. Investigational Report. Oceanographic Research Institute, Durban, 39, 1 - 102.","Bass, A. J. (1986) Families Chlamydoselachidae, Heterodontidae, Orectolobidae, Rhinicodontidae, Scyliorhinidae, Pseudotriakidae, Sphyrnidae, Lamnidae, Cetorhinidae, Alopiidae, Pseudocarchariidae, Squatinidae. In: Smith, M. M. & Heemstra, P. C. (Eds.), Smith's Sea Fishes. Macmillan, Johannesburg, pp. 47 - 48 + 64 - 66 + 87 - 102 + 103 + 107.","Compagno, L. J. V. (1984 a) FAO Species Catalogue. Sharks of the World. An Annotated and Illustrated Catalogue of Shark Species Known to Date. FAO Fisheries Synopsis. Vol. 4. No. 125. Part 1. Hexanchiformes to Lamniformes. FAO, Rome, pp. 1 - 250.","Compagno, L. J. V., Ebert, D. A. & Smale, M. J. (1989) Guide to the Sharks and Rays of Southern Africa. Struik Publishers, Cape Town, 158 pp.","Compagno, L. J. V. (1999) An overview of chondrichthyan systematics and biodiversity in southern Africa. Transactions of the Royal Society of South Africa, 54, 75 - 120. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00359199909520406","Compagno, L. J. V. (2001) Sharks of the World, an Annotated and Illustrated Catalogue of Shark Species Known to Date. Volume 2. Bullhead, Mackerel and Carpet Sharks (Heterodontiformes, Lamniformes and Orectolobiformes). FAO, Rome, 269 pp.","Compagno, L., Dando, M. & Fowler, S. (2005) Field Guide to the Sharks of the World. Harper Collins Publishers Ltd, London, 368 pp.","Ebert, D. A., Fowler, S. & Compagno, L. J. V. (2013) Sharks of the World: A Fully Illustrated Guide to the Sharks of the World. Wild Nature Press, Plymouth, 528 pp.","Ebert, D. A. & van Hees, K. E. (2015) Beyond jaws: rediscovering the \" Lost Sharks \" of southern Africa. African Journal of Marine Science, 37, 141 - 156. https: // doi. org / 10.2989 / 1814232 X. 2015.1048730","Weigmann, S. (2016) Annotated checklist of the living sharks, batoids and chimaeras (Chondrichthyes) of the world, with a focus on biogeographical diversity. Journal of Fish Biology, 88, 837 - 1037. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / jfb. 12874"]}

Squalus acutipinnis Regan, 1908a Bluntnose Dogfish Squalus acutipinnis Regan, 1908a: 248, pl. 37. Lectotype: BMNH 1905.6.8.8 designated by Krefft (1968). Type locality: KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa, Western Indian Ocean. Local synonymy: Squalus blainvillei: Gilchrist, 1902: 165; Thompson, 1914: 149; Bass et al., 1976 (in part): 15; Muñoz-Chápuli and Ramos 1989 (in part): 1; Ebert et al., 2013 (in part): 85, fig., pl. 4. Squalus acutipinnis: Regan, 1908a: 248, pl. 37; Regan, 1921: 412; Barnard, 1925 (in part): 48; Barnard, 1947: 20, fig. 4, pl. 3; Krefft, 1968 (in part): 34, pl. III A (cited, description, designation of lectotype; South Africa); Bass et al., 1986: 62; Myagkov & Kondyurin 1986: 8; Compagno et al., 1991: 68; Ebert et al., 2010: 22; Ebert, 2015: 57, fig. 55; Ebert & Mostarda, 2015: 18, fig.; Ebert & van Hees, 2015: 144; Viana & de Carvalho, 2016: 628, fig. 1; Veríssimo et al., 2017 (in part): 414; Viana et al., 2018: 25. Squalus fernandinus: Gilchrist, 1922b (in part): 48; Von Bonde, 1923 (in part): 5; Fowler, 1941 (in part): 260–262 (description; South Africa, Mauritius); Smith, 1949a (in part): 60; Smith, 1965 (in part): 60. Squalus acanthias: Smith, 1949a: 60, fig. 64; Smith, 1965 (in part): 60, fig. 64. Squalus megalops: Bass et al., 1976 (in part): 10–11, fig. 11; pl. 3; Compagno, 1984a: 118, fig.; Bass et al., 1986 (in part): 62, fig. 5.26; Compagno et al., 1989 (in part): 22, pl.; Compagno et al., 1991: 68; Ebert et al., 1992: 606; Heemstra & Heemstra, 2004; 53; Compagno et al., 2005: 76, fig., pl. 3; Ebert, 2013 (in part): 53; Ebert et al., 2013 a (in part): 91; NPOA, 2013: 39; Compagno, 2016: 1157, 1162; Weigmann, 2016: 904. Squalus mitsukurii: Bass et al., 1986 (in part): 61. Squalus probatovi: Myagkov & Kondyurin, 1986: 567, figs. 1c, g, i.; Gubanov et al., 1986: 172; Muñoz-Chápuli & Ramos, 1989: 19; Weigmann, 2016: 904 (synonym of S. megalops); Viana et al., 2017: 25; Viana et al., 2018: 5, 26. Squalus cf. megalops: Compagno, 1999: 144; Naylor et al., 2012a (in part): 58, 148, fig. 42; Naylor et al., 2012b (in part): fig. 2.7. Squalus acutipinna: da Silva et al., 2015: 248; Ebert & van Hees, 2015: 144 [amended spelling to S. acutipinnis, 2015: 435]. Squalus blainville: Veríssimo et al., 2017 (in part): 414. Squalus cf. blainvillei Viana et al., 2017: 25 (cited only; Southern Africa); Viana et al., 2018: 5, 26. Squalus margaretsmithae: Viana et al. 2018: 13, figs. 6c–d, 8–14; Viana & de Carvalho, 2018: 628. South Africa voucher material: Squalus acutipinnis: Lectotype: BMNH 1905.6. 8.8. Paralectotypes: (3 specimens) BMNH 1859.5. 7.68, BMNH 1900.11. 6.14. Squalus margaretsmithae: Holotype: SAIAB 25389. Paratypes: SAIAB 21856, SAIAB 21858, SAIAB 21859, SAIAB 21939, SAIAB 25362, SAIAB 25366, SAIAB 25377. Non-types: (voucher specimens from Viana & de Carvalho, 2016) SAIAB 7829, SAIAB 10443, SAIAB 19863, SAIAB 21933, SAIAB 25360, SAIAB 25361, SAIAB 25369, SAIAB 25390, SAIAB 25394, SAIAB 26639, SAIAB 34576, SAM 12986, SAM 12996, SAM 28638, SAM 32550, SAM 32894, SAM 34217, ZMB 19151. South Africa distribution: The Orange River (WC) to KZN border with Mozambique. Remarks: The South African “short-nose” Squalus species-complex (S. acutipinna, S. cf. blainville, S. mahia, S. margaretsmithae, and Squalus probatovi) is in need of extensive taxonomic revision to clarify and identify regional species. The occurrence of five co-occurring “short-nose” species seems unlikely given molecular (Veríssimo et al., 2017) and ecological data (Ebert et al., 1992; unpubl. data), which does not support this number of species. Therefore, until further detailed data are available S. margaretsmithae and S. probatovi are considered junior synonyms of S. acutipinna. Conservation status: NT (2020)., Published as part of Ebert, David A., Wintner, Sabine P. & Kyne, Peter M., 2021, An annotated checklist of the chondrichthyans of South Africa, pp. 1-127 in Zootaxa 4947 (1) on pages 21-22, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4947.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/4614567, {"references":["Regan, C. T. (1908 a) A collection of fishes from the coasts of Natal, Zululand and Cape Colony. Annals of the Natal Government Museum, 1 (3), 241 - 255.","Krefft, G. (1968) Neue und erstmalig nachgewiesene Knorpelfische aus dem Archibenthal des S ʾ dwestatlantiks, einschliesslich einer Diskussion einiger Etmopterus - Arten s ʾ dlicher Meere. Archiv f ̡ r Fischereiwissenschaft, 19 (1), 1 - 42.","Gilchrist, J. D. F. (1902) Catalogue of fishes recorded from South Africa. Cape of Good Hope, Department of Agriculture, Marine Investigations in South Africa, 1, 97 - 179.","Thompson, W. W. (1914) Catalogue of the fishes of the Cape Province (Pt 1). Marine Biological Report, Cape Town, 2 (8), 132 - 167.","Bass, A. J., D'Aubrey, J. D. & Kistnasamy, N. (1976) Sharks of the east coast of southern Africa. VI. The families Oxynotidae, Squalidae, Dalatiidae and Echinorhinidae. Investigational Report. Oceanographic Research Institute, Durban, 45, 1 - 103.","Munoz-Chapuli, R. & Ramos, F. (1989 a) Morphological comparison of Squalus blainvillei and S. megalops in the eastern Atlantic, with notes on the genus. Japanese Journal of Ichthyology, 36 (1), 6 - 21. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / BF 02905668","Ebert, D. A., Fowler, S. & Compagno, L. J. V. (2013) Sharks of the World: A Fully Illustrated Guide to the Sharks of the World. Wild Nature Press, Plymouth, 528 pp.","Regan, C. T. (1921) New fishes from deepwater off the coast of Natal. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Series 9, 7 (41), 412 - 420. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222932108632540","Barnard, K. H. (1925) A monograph of the marine fishes of South Africa. Part I (Amphioxus, Cyclostomata, Elasmobranchii, and Teleostei-Isospondyli to Heterosomata). Annals of the South African Museum, 21, 1 - 418.","Barnard, K. H. (1947) A Pictorial Guide to South African Fishes. Marine and Freshwater. Maskew Miller Ltd, Cape Town, 226 pp.","Bass, A. J. & Compagno, L. J. V. (1986) Families Echinorhinidae, Proscyllidae, Odontaspidiidae, Mitsukurinidae. In: Smith, M. M. & Heemstra, P. C. (Eds.), Smith's Sea Fishes. Macmillan, Johannesburg, pp. 63 + 103 + 104 - 105.","Myagkov, N. A. & Kondyurin, V. V. (1986) Dogfishes Squalus (Squalidae), of the Atlantic Ocean and comparative notes on the species of this genus from other regions. Voprosy Ikhtiologii, 26 (4), 560 - 575.","Compagno, L. J. V., Ebert, D. A. & Cowley, P. D. (1991) Distribution of offshore demersal cartilaginous fishes (class Chondrichthyes) of the west coast of southern Africa, with notes on their systematics. South African Journal of Marine Science, 11, 43 - 139. https: // doi. org / 10.2989 / 025776191784287664","Ebert, D. A., White, W. T., Goldman, K. J., Compagno, L. J. V., Daly-Engel, T. S. & Ward, R. (2010) Reevaluation and redescription of Squalus suckleyi (Girard, 1854) from the North Pacific, with comments on the Squalus acanthias subgroup (Squaliformes: Squalidae). Zootaxa, 2612 (1), 22 - 40. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 2612.1","Ebert, D. A. (2015) Deep-sea cartilaginous fishes of the Southeastern Atlantic Ocean. FAO Species Catalogue for Fishery Purposes No. 9. FAO, Rome, 251 pp.","Ebert, D. A. & Mostarda, E. (2015) Identification Guide to the Deep-sea Cartilaginous Fishes of the Southeastern Atlantic Ocean. FishFinder Programme, FAO, Rome, 70 pp.","Ebert, D. A. & van Hees, K. E. (2015) Beyond jaws: rediscovering the \" Lost Sharks \" of southern Africa. African Journal of Marine Science, 37, 141 - 156. https: // doi. org / 10.2989 / 1814232 X. 2015.1048730","Seret, B. & de Carvalho, M. R. (2016) Sixgill stingrays. Family Hexatrygonidae. In: Last, P. R., White, W. T., de Carvalho, M. E., Seret, B., Stehmann, M. F. W. & Naylor, G. J. P. (Eds.), Rays of the World. Cornell University Press, Ithaca, New York, pp. 509 - 510. https: // doi. org / 10.1071 / 9780643109148","Verissimo, A., Zaera-Perez, D., Leslie, R., Iglesias, S. P., Seret, B., Grigoriou, P., Aspasia, S., Gubili, C., Barria, C., Duffy, C., Hernandez, S., Batjakas, I. E. & Griffiths, A. M. (2017) Molecular diversity and distribution of eastern Atlantic and Mediterranean dogfishes Squalus highlight taxonomic issues in the genus. Zoologica Scripta, 46 (4), 414 - 428. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / zsc. 12224","Viana, S. T. F. L. & Carvalho, M. R. de (2018) Resurrection and redescription of the southern dogfish Squalus probatovi (Squalidae), a valid species from Angola. Journal of Ichthyology, 58 (5), 617 - 632. https: // doi. org / 10.1134 / S 003294521805020 X","Gilchrist, J. D. F. (1922 b) Deep-sea fishes procured by the S. A. \" Pickle \" (Part I.). Special Report (3), Report of the Fisheries and Marine Biological Survey, Union of South Africa, 2, 41 - 79.","von Bonde, C. (1923) Shallow-water fishes procured by the S. S. \" Pickle \". Special Report 1 in Report on the Fisheries and Marine Biological Survey, Union of South Africa, 3, 1 - 40.","Fowler, H. W. (1941) The fishes of the groups Elasmobranchii, Holocephali, Isospondyli, and Ostarophysi obtained by the U. S. Bureau of Fisheries streamer \" Albatross \" in 1907 to 1910, chiefly in the Philippine Islands and adjacent seas. Bulletin United States National Museum, 100, 1 - 879.","Smith, J. L. B. (1949 a) The Sea Fishes of Southern Africa. South Africa Central News Agency Ltd., 550 pp.","Smith, J. L. B. (1965) The Sea Fishes of Southern Africa. 5 th Edition. Central News Agency Ltd., 580 pp.","Compagno, L. J. V. (1984 a) FAO Species Catalogue. Sharks of the World. An Annotated and Illustrated Catalogue of Shark Species Known to Date. FAO Fisheries Synopsis. Vol. 4. No. 125. Part 1. Hexanchiformes to Lamniformes. FAO, Rome, pp. 1 - 250.","Compagno, L. J. V., Ebert, D. A. & Smale, M. J. (1989) Guide to the Sharks and Rays of Southern Africa. Struik Publishers, Cape Town, 158 pp.","Ebert, D. A., Compagno, L. J. V. & Cowley, P. D. (1992) A preliminary investigation of the feeding ecology of squaloid sharks off the west coast of southern Africa. South African Journal of Marine Science, 12, 601 - 609. https: // doi. org / 10.2989 / 02577619209504727","Heemstra, P. C. & Heemstra, E. (2004) Coastal Fishes of Southern Africa. National Inquiry Service Centre and South African Institute for Aquatic Biodiversity, Grahamstown, 488 pp.","Compagno, L., Dando, M. & Fowler, S. (2005) Field Guide to the Sharks of the World. Harper Collins Publishers Ltd, London, 368 pp.","Ebert D. A. (2013) Deep-sea cartilaginous fishes of the Indian Ocean. Vol. 1. Sharks. FAO Species Catalogue for Fishery Purposes No. 8. Vol. 1. FAO, Rome, 256 pp.","NPOA. (2013) National Plan of Action for the Conservation and Management of Sharks (NPOA-Sharks). Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries (DAFF), Rogge Bay, Cape Town, 63 pp.","Compagno, L. J. V. (2016) Sharks. In: Carpenter, K. E. & De Angelis, N. (Eds.), The Living Marine Resources of the Eastern Central Atlantic. Vol. 2. Bivalves, Gastropods, Hagfishes, Sharks, Batoid Fishes, and Chimaeras. FAO Species Identification Guide for Fishery Purposes. FAO, Rome, pp. 1122 - 1336.","Weigmann, S. (2016) Annotated checklist of the living sharks, batoids and chimaeras (Chondrichthyes) of the world, with a focus on biogeographical diversity. Journal of Fish Biology, 88, 837 - 1037. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / jfb. 12874","Viana, S. T. de F. L., de Carvalho, M. R. & Ebert, D. A. (2017) Squalus bassi sp. nov., a new long-snouted spurdog (Chondrichthyes: Squaliformes: Squalidae) from the Agulhas Bank. Journal of Fish Biology, 91 (4), 1178 - 1207. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / jfb. 13448","Compagno, L. J. V. (1999) An overview of chondrichthyan systematics and biodiversity in southern Africa. Transactions of the Royal Society of South Africa, 54, 75 - 120. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00359199909520406","Naylor, G. J. P., Caira, J. N., Jensen, K., Rosana, K. A. M., White, W. T. & Last, P. R. (2012 a) A DNA sequence-based approach to the identification of shark and ray species and its implications for global elasmobranch diversity and parasitology. Bulletin of the American Natural History Museum, 367, 1 - 263. https: // doi. org / 10.1206 / 754.1","Naylor, G. J. P., Caira, J. N., Jensen, K., Rosana, K. A. M., Straube, N. & Lakner, C. (2012 b) Elasmobranch phylogeny: a mitochondrial estimate based on 595 species. In: Carrier, J. C., Musick, J. A. & Heithaus, M. R. (Eds.), Biology of Sharks and Their Relatives, Second Edition. CRC Press, Boca Raton, Florida, pp. 31 - 56. https: // doi. org / 10.1201 / b 11867 - 4","da Silva C., Booth, A. J., Dudley, S. F. J., Kerwath, S. E., Lamberth, S. J., Leslie, R. W., McCord, M. E., Sauer, W. H. H. & Zweig, T. (2015) A description and updated overview of the status and management of South Africa's chondrichthyan fisheries. South African Journal of Marine Science, 37, 233 - 248. https: // doi. org / 10.2989 / 1814232 X. 2015.1044471"]}

Rhinochimaera atlantica Holt & Byrne, 1909 Atlantic Spearnose Ghostshark Rhinochimaera atlantica Holt & Byrne, 1909: 279. Holotype (unique): BMNH 1910.9.17.4. Type locality: Irish Atlantic Slope off southwest Ireland, 50°32'– 50°28'N, 11°34'– 11°28'W. Local synonymy: Rhinochimaera atlantica: Penrith, 1969: 66 (in part, including R. africana); Shcherbachev, 1978: 8 (in part); Compagno, 1986: 146, fig. 33.3; Compagno et al., 1989: 122, pl.; Compagno et al., 1990: 205, fig. 6; Compagno et al., 1991: 116; Compagno, 1999: 120; Didier et al., 2012: 100; Ebert, 2014: 104, fig. 168; Ebert, 2015: 204, fig. 235; Ebert & van Hees, 2015: 148; Weigmann, 2016: 1006. Rhinochimaera pacifica: Shcherbachev, 1978: 8 (in part). South Africa voucher material: Numerous uncatalogued specimens at SAIAB and SAM. South African distribution: The Orange River (NC) to Plettenberg Bay (WC); records from off northern KZN are R. africana. Remarks: This species is relatively common off the west coast where it is usually caught in large aggregations of the same sex and size at over 700 m deep. Conservation status: LC (2020)., Published as part of Ebert, David A., Wintner, Sabine P. & Kyne, Peter M., 2021, An annotated checklist of the chondrichthyans of South Africa, pp. 1-127 in Zootaxa 4947 (1) on page 105, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4947.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/4614567, {"references":["Holt, E. W. L. & Byrne, L. W. (1909) Preliminary note on some fishes from the Irish Atlantic slope. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Series 8, 3 (15), 279 - 280. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222930908692576","Penrith, M. J. (1969) New records of deep-water fishes from South West Africa. Cimbebasia, Series A, 1 (3), 59 - 75.","Shcherbachev, Y. N. (1978) Long-nosed chimaeras (Rhinochimaeridae, Chimaeriformes) from the waters of South Africa. Trudy Institute Okeanology P. P. Shirshova, 111, 7 - 9.","Compagno, L. J. V. (1986) Families Pristidae, Narkidae, Rhinobatidae, Myliobatidae, Mobulidae, Dasyatidae, Chimaeridae, Rhinochimaeridae, Callorhinchidae. In: Smith, M. M. & Heemstra, P. C. (Eds.), Smith's Sea Fishes. Macmillan, Johannesburg, pp. 110 - 142, 144 - 147.","Compagno, L. J. V., Ebert, D. A. & Smale, M. J. (1989) Guide to the Sharks and Rays of Southern Africa. Struik Publishers, Cape Town, 158 pp.","Compagno, L. J. V., Ebert, D. A. & Cowley, P. D. (1991) Distribution of offshore demersal cartilaginous fishes (class Chondrichthyes) of the west coast of southern Africa, with notes on their systematics. South African Journal of Marine Science, 11, 43 - 139. https: // doi. org / 10.2989 / 025776191784287664","Compagno, L. J. V. (1999) An overview of chondrichthyan systematics and biodiversity in southern Africa. Transactions of the Royal Society of South Africa, 54, 75 - 120. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00359199909520406","Didier, D. A., Kemper, J. M. & Ebert, D. A. (2012) Phylogeny, biology, and classification of extant Holocephali. In: Carrier, J. C., Musick J. A. & Heithaus. M. R. (Eds.), The Biology of Sharks and Their Relatives. CRC Press, Boca Raton, Florida, pp. 97 - 121. https: // doi. org / 10.1201 / b 11867 - 6","Ebert D. A. (2014) Deep-sea cartilaginous fishes of the Indian Ocean. Vol. 2. Batoids and chimaeras. FAO Species Catalogue for Fishery Purposes No. 8. Vol. 2. FAO, Rome, 129 pp.","Ebert, D. A. (2015) Deep-sea cartilaginous fishes of the Southeastern Atlantic Ocean. FAO Species Catalogue for Fishery Purposes No. 9. FAO, Rome, 251 pp.","Ebert, D. A. & van Hees, K. E. (2015) Beyond jaws: rediscovering the \" Lost Sharks \" of southern Africa. African Journal of Marine Science, 37, 141 - 156. https: // doi. org / 10.2989 / 1814232 X. 2015.1048730","Weigmann, S. (2016) Annotated checklist of the living sharks, batoids and chimaeras (Chondrichthyes) of the world, with a focus on biogeographical diversity. Journal of Fish Biology, 88, 837 - 1037. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / jfb. 12874"]}

Leucoraja wallacei (Hulley, 1970) Yellowspot Skate Raja wallacei Hulley, 1970: 210, fig. 19, pl. 12b. Holotype: ORI B.155. Type locality: Off Cape Town, 34°10'S, 17°45'E, South Africa. Local synonymy: Raia barnardi: Smith, 1949a: 67, pl. 3 (in part); Smith, 1965: 67, pl. 3 (in part). Raia caudaspinosa: Smith, 1949a: 67, fig. 72 (in part); Smith, 1965: 67, fig. 72 (in part). Raja barnardi: Wallace, 1967a: 39, figs. 20–21. Raja wallacei: Hulley, 1970: 210, fig. b, pl. 12; Hulley, 1972a: 86, figs. 58–59; Hulley, 1986: 127, fig. 25.23, pl. 6; Walmsley-Hart et al., 1999: 165. Raja (Leucoraja) wallacei: Compagno et al., 1989: 94, pl.; Compagno et al., 1991: 96; Ebert et al., 1991: 75. Leucoraja wallacei: Compagno, 1999: 116; Compagno & Ebert, 2007: 133, fig. 4e; Ebert & Compagno, 2007: 120; Ebert et al., 2008: 91; NPOA, 2013: 56; da Silva et al., 2015: 247; Ebert, 2014: 69, fig. 108; Ebert, 2015: 179, fig. 203; Ebert & van Hees, 2015: 147; Last et al., 2016f: 19; Last et al., 2016g: 291, fig. 19.82; Weigmann, 2016: 949. South Africa voucher material: Holotype: ORI B.155. Paratype: ORI B.126. Non-types: SAIAB 7841, SAIAB 8262, SAIAB 21914, SAIAB 25750, SAIAB 25979, SAIAB 25980, SAIAB 25981, SAIAB 25982, SAIAB 25983, SAIAB 25984, SAIAB 25985, SAIAB 25986, SAIAB 25988, SAIAB 25989, SAIAB 26233, SAIAB 26234, SAIAB 26235, SAIAB 26236, SAIAB 26237, SAIAB 26238, SAIAB 26239, SAIAB 26240, SAIAB 26248, SAIAB 26249, SAIAB 26250, SAIAB 26290, SAIAB 26328, SAIAB 26329, SAIAB 26397, SAIAB 26398, SAIAB 26399, SAIAB 26400, SAIAB 26438, SAIAB 26457, SAIAB 26458, SAIAB 26459, SAIAB 26460, SAIAB 26461, SAIAB 26462, SAIAB 26463, SAIAB 26887, SAIAB 26888, SAIAB 26889, SAIAB 26890, SAIAB 26891, SAIAB 26892, SAIAB 26893, SAIAB 40957, SAIAB 40958, SAIAB 48519, SAIAB 189019. South African distribution: The Orange River (NC) to northern KZN, but most common off the west and south coasts (Compagno & Ebert, 2007). Remarks: This is the more abundant of the two Leucoraja species and one of the most common skate species occurring off South Africa. Conservation status: VU (2020). Genus Malacoraja Stehmann, 1970 Soft Skates Malacoraja (subgenus of Raja) Stehmann, 1970: 151. Type species: Raja mollis Bigelow & Schroeder, 1950, type by original designation., Published as part of Ebert, David A., Wintner, Sabine P. & Kyne, Peter M., 2021, An annotated checklist of the chondrichthyans of South Africa, pp. 1-127 in Zootaxa 4947 (1) on page 82, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4947.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/4614567, {"references":["Hulley, P. A. (1970) An investigation of the Rajidae of the west and south coasts of southern Africa. Annals of the South African Museum, 55, 151 - 220.","Smith, J. L. B. (1949 a) The Sea Fishes of Southern Africa. South Africa Central News Agency Ltd., 550 pp.","Smith, J. L. B. (1965) The Sea Fishes of Southern Africa. 5 th Edition. Central News Agency Ltd., 580 pp.","Wallace, J. H. (1967 a) The batoid fishes of the east coast of southern Africa. Part III: skates and electric rays. Investigational Report. Oceanographic Research Institute, Durban, 17, 1 - 62.","Hulley, P. A. (1972 a) The origin, interrelationships and distribution of southern African Rajidae (Chondrichthyes, Batoidei). Annals of the South African Museum, 60, 1 - 103. https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 1442499","Hulley, P. A. (1986) Family Rajidae, Anacanthobatidae. In: Smith, M. M. & Heemstra, P. C. (Eds.), Smith's Sea Fishes. Macmillan, Johannesburg, pp. 115 - 128.","Walmsley-Hart, S. A., Sauer, W. H. H. & Buxton, C. D. (1999) The biology of the skates Raja wallacei and R. pullopunctata (Batoidea: Rajidae) on the Agulhas Bank, South Africa. South African Journal of Marine Science, 21, 165 - 179. https: // doi. org / 10.2989 / 025776199784126051","Compagno, L. J. V., Ebert, D. A. & Smale, M. J. (1989) Guide to the Sharks and Rays of Southern Africa. Struik Publishers, Cape Town, 158 pp.","Compagno, L. J. V., Ebert, D. A. & Cowley, P. D. (1991) Distribution of offshore demersal cartilaginous fishes (class Chondrichthyes) of the west coast of southern Africa, with notes on their systematics. South African Journal of Marine Science, 11, 43 - 139. https: // doi. org / 10.2989 / 025776191784287664","Ebert, D. A., Cowley, P. D. & Compagno, L. J. V. (1991) A preliminary investigation of the feeding ecology of skates (Batoidea: Rajidae) off the west coast of southern Africa. South African Journal of Marine Science, 10, 71 - 81. https: // doi. org / 10.2989 / 02577619109504621","Compagno, L. J. V. (1999) An overview of chondrichthyan systematics and biodiversity in southern Africa. Transactions of the Royal Society of South Africa, 54, 75 - 120. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00359199909520406","Compagno, L. J. V. & Ebert, D. A. (2007) Southern African skate biodiversity and distribution. Environmental Biology of Fishes, 80, 125 - 145. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / s 10641 - 007 - 9243 - 4","Ebert, D. A., Compagno, L. J. V. & Cowley, P. D. (2008) Aspects on the reproductive biology of skates (Chondrichthyes: Rajiformes: Rajoidei) from southern African waters. ICES Journal of Marine Science, 65, 81 - 102. https: // doi. org / 10.1093 / icesjms / fsm 169","NPOA. (2013) National Plan of Action for the Conservation and Management of Sharks (NPOA-Sharks). Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries (DAFF), Rogge Bay, Cape Town, 63 pp.","da Silva C., Booth, A. J., Dudley, S. F. J., Kerwath, S. E., Lamberth, S. J., Leslie, R. W., McCord, M. E., Sauer, W. H. H. & Zweig, T. (2015) A description and updated overview of the status and management of South Africa's chondrichthyan fisheries. South African Journal of Marine Science, 37, 233 - 248. https: // doi. org / 10.2989 / 1814232 X. 2015.1044471","Ebert D. A. (2014) Deep-sea cartilaginous fishes of the Indian Ocean. Vol. 2. Batoids and chimaeras. FAO Species Catalogue for Fishery Purposes No. 8. Vol. 2. FAO, Rome, 129 pp.","Ebert, D. A. (2015) Deep-sea cartilaginous fishes of the Southeastern Atlantic Ocean. FAO Species Catalogue for Fishery Purposes No. 9. FAO, Rome, 251 pp.","Ebert, D. A. & van Hees, K. E. (2015) Beyond jaws: rediscovering the \" Lost Sharks \" of southern Africa. African Journal of Marine Science, 37, 141 - 156. https: // doi. org / 10.2989 / 1814232 X. 2015.1048730","Last, P. R., Weigmann, S. & Yang, L. (2016 f) Changes to the nomenclature of the skates (Chondrichthyes: Rajiformes). In: Last, P. R. & Yearsley, G. K. (Eds.), Rays of the World: Supplementary Information. CSIRO Australian National Fish Collection, Hobart, pp. 11 - 34.","Last, P. R., Seret, B., Stehmann, M. F. W. & Weigmann, S. (2016 g) Skates. Family Rajidae. In: Last, P. R., White, W. T., de Carvalho, M. E., Seret, B., Stehmann, M. F. W. & Naylor, G. J. P. (Eds.), Rays of the World. Cornell University Press, Ithaca, New York, pp. 204 - 363. https: // doi. org / 10.1071 / 9780643109148","Weigmann, S. (2016) Annotated checklist of the living sharks, batoids and chimaeras (Chondrichthyes) of the world, with a focus on biogeographical diversity. Journal of Fish Biology, 88, 837 - 1037. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / jfb. 12874","Stehmann, M. (1970) Vergleichend morphologische und anatomische Untersuchungen zur Neuordnung der Systematik der Nordostatlantischen Rajidae. Archiv f ̡ r Fischereiwissenschaft, 21, 73 - 164.","Bigelow, H. B. & Schroeder, W. C. (1950) New and little known cartilaginous fishes from the Atlantic. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology, 103 (7), 385 - 408."]}

Genus Plesiobatis Nishida, 1990 Deep-sea Stingrays Plesiobatis Nishida, 1990: 98. Type by original designation (also monotypic)., Published as part of Ebert, David A., Wintner, Sabine P. & Kyne, Peter M., 2021, An annotated checklist of the chondrichthyans of South Africa, pp. 1-127 in Zootaxa 4947 (1) on page 89, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4947.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/4614567, {"references":["Nishida, K. (1990) Phylogeny of the suborder Myliobatidoidei. Memoirs of the Faculty of Fisheries, Hokkaido University, 37 (1.2), 1 - 108."]}

Raja straeleni Poll, 1951 Biscuit Skate Raja straeleni Poll, 1951: 118, fig. 54, pls. 8 (fig. 3). Syntypes: IRSNB 99 (1), 100-107 (1, 1, 2, 1, 3, 1, 2, 9); MRAC 80327-32 (6). Type locality: Off Angola, 13°05'S, 12°46'E. Local synonymy: Raja clavata: Gilchrist, 1922a: 7; Fowler, 1936: 110; Fowler, 1941: 360; Hulley, 1966: 508, fig. 8; Wallace, 1967a: 35, figs. 4, 18–19; Hulley, 1970: 183, fig. 10, pl. 6a; Hulley, 1972a: 86, figs. 58–59; Hulley, 1986: 120, fig. 25.7, pl. 6. Raia clavata: Barnard, 1925: 64, fig. 2, pl. 4 (in part?); von Bonde, 1934: 16; Barnard, 1959: 26, fig. 1, pl. 4. Raja bonae-speiensis: Fowler, 1910: 468 (replacement name for Raja capensis M̹ller & Henle, 1841). Raja capensis: M̹ller & Henle, 1841: 151; Gray, 1851: 112; Bleeker, 1860b: 58; Duméril, 1865: 540, figs. 11–12, pl. 12; G̹nther, 1870: 455; Gilchrist, 1902: 168; Thompson, 1914: 157; Gilchrist, 1921: 34. Raia capensis: von Bonde & Swart, 1923: 4. Raia maculata:? Barnard, 1925: 71;? von Bonde, 1933: 32. Raja maculata:? Bleeker, 1860: 58 b;? Gilchrist, 1902: 168;? Thompson, 1914: 157. Raia oculata:? von Bonde & Swart, 1923: 4. Raia ocellifera: Garman, 1913: 365 (South Africa, in part, R. capensis and R. rhizacanthus in synonymy). Raia quadrimaculata:? von Bonde & Swart, 1923: 5;? von Bonde, 1934: 16. Raia rhizacanthus: Regan, 1906a: 3, pl. 3; Regan, 1908a: 242; Gilchrist & Thompson, 1916: 288; von Bonde & Swart, 1923: 5; Smith, 1949a: 66; Smith, 1965: 66. Raja rhizacanthus: Thompson, 1914: 158; Norman, 1935: 40; Smith & Smith, 1966: 29, fig.; Hulley, 1966: 499 (= Raja clavata).? Raia smithi: Smith, 1949a: 66, pl. 3 (in part?); Smith, 1965: 66, pl. (in part?). Raja straeleni: Hulley, 1970: 187, fig. 11, pl. 6b; Stehmann, 1971: 187, figs. 8–13; Hulley, 1972a: 86, figs. 58–59; Hulley, 1986: 126, fig. 25.22; Compagno et al., 1989: 94, pl.; Stehmann, 1995: 49; Compagno, 1999: 117; Heemstra & Heemstra, 2004: 80; Compagno & Ebert, 2007: 141, fig. 7c; Ebert & Compagno, 2007: 121; Ebert et al., 2008: 93; NPOA, 2013: 56; da Silva et al., 2015: 247; Ebert & van Hees, 2015: 147; Last & Séret, 2016: 477; Last et al., 2016f: 23; Last et al., 2016g: 331, fig. 19.122; McEachran & Séret, 2016: 1393; Weigmann, 2016: 955. Raja (Raja) cf. clavata: Compagno et al., 1991: 98; Ebert et al., 1991: 75. South Africa voucher material: SAIAB 11928, SAIAB 11954, SAIAB 21888, SAIAB 21889, SAIAB 21890, SAIAB 21891, SAIAB 21892, SAIAB 21893, SAIAB 21894, SAIAB 21895, SAIAB 25738, SAIAB 25822, SAIAB 25823, SAIAB 25824, SAIAB 25826, SAIAB 25827, SAIAB 25828, SAIAB 25829, SAIAB 25830, SAIAB 25831, SAIAB 25832, SAIAB 25833, SAIAB 25834, SAIAB 25835, SAIAB 25836, SAIAB 25837, SAIAB 25838, SAIAB 25839, SAIAB 25840, SAIAB 25841, SAIAB 25842, SAIAB 25843, SAIAB 25844, SAIAB 25845, SAIAB 25846, SAIAB 25847, SAIAB 25848, SAIAB 25849, SAIAB 25850, SAIAB 25851, SAIAB 25852, SAIAB 25853, SAIAB 25854, SAIAB 25855, SAIAB 25856, SAIAB 25857, SAIAB 25858, SAIAB 25859, SAIAB 25860, SAIAB 25972, SAIAB 25973, SAIAB 25974, SAIAB 25975, SAIAB 25976, SAIAB 25977, SAIAB 25978, SAIAB 25987, SAIAB 26243, SAIAB 26244, SAIAB 26245, SAIAB 26246, SAIAB 26247, SAIAB 26292, SAIAB 26406, SAIAB 26407, SAIAB 26408, SAIAB 26409, SAIAB 26410, SAIAB 26411, SAIAB 26412, SAIAB 26413, SAIAB 26414, SAIAB 26415, SAIAB 26464, SAIAB 26465, SAIAB 26908, SAIAB 26909, SAIAB 26910, SAIAB 26911, SAIAB 26916, SAIAB 26917, SAIAB 26963, SAIAB 44298, SAIAB 48512, SAIAB 48518. South African distribution: The Orange River (NC) to Algoa Bay (EC), possibly to southern KZN, but requires confirmation. Remarks: The most abundant and common skate species in South Africa. It has been referred to other species including R. clavata. The dorsal color pattern is quite variable, ranging from strikingly ornate pattern to rather plain brown. Whether these variable patterns represent discrete subpopulations is uncertain. Conservation status: DD (2009). Genus Rajella Stehmann, 1970 Gray Skates Rajella (subgenus of Raja) Stehmann, 1970: 151. Type species: Raja fyllae L̹tken 1887, type by original designation., Published as part of Ebert, David A., Wintner, Sabine P. & Kyne, Peter M., 2021, An annotated checklist of the chondrichthyans of South Africa, pp. 1-127 in Zootaxa 4947 (1) on page 84, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4947.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/4614567, {"references":["Poll, M. (1951) Poissons. I. Generalites. II. Selaciens et Chimeres. Resultats Scientifiques. Expedition Oceanographique Belge dans les Eaux Cotieres Africaines de l'Atlantique Sud (1948 - 1949), Bruxelles, 4 (1), 1 - 154.","Gilchrist, J. D. F. (1922 a) Fisheries and Marine Biological Survey. Report no. 2 for the Year 1921. Annexure A. List of Fishes, etc., procured; Annexure B., List of stations of SS \" Pickle \"; Annexure C., Journal of SS \" Pickle \". Report of the Fisheries and Marine Biological Survey, Union of South Africa, 2, 1 - 85.","Fowler, H. W. (1936) The marine fishes of West Africa based on the collection of the American Museum Congo expedition, 1909 - 1915. Part 1. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, 70 (1), 1 - 605.","Fowler, H. W. (1941) The fishes of the groups Elasmobranchii, Holocephali, Isospondyli, and Ostarophysi obtained by the U. S. Bureau of Fisheries streamer \" Albatross \" in 1907 to 1910, chiefly in the Philippine Islands and adjacent seas. Bulletin United States National Museum, 100, 1 - 879.","Hulley, P. A. (1966) The validity of Raja rhizacanthus Regan and Raja pullopunctata Smith, based on a study of the clasper. Annals of the South African Museum, 48 (20), 497 - 514.","Wallace, J. H. (1967 a) The batoid fishes of the east coast of southern Africa. Part III: skates and electric rays. Investigational Report. Oceanographic Research Institute, Durban, 17, 1 - 62.","Hulley, P. A. (1970) An investigation of the Rajidae of the west and south coasts of southern Africa. Annals of the South African Museum, 55, 151 - 220.","Hulley, P. A. (1972 a) The origin, interrelationships and distribution of southern African Rajidae (Chondrichthyes, Batoidei). Annals of the South African Museum, 60, 1 - 103. https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 1442499","Hulley, P. A. (1986) Family Rajidae, Anacanthobatidae. In: Smith, M. M. & Heemstra, P. C. (Eds.), Smith's Sea Fishes. Macmillan, Johannesburg, pp. 115 - 128.","Barnard, K. H. (1925) A monograph of the marine fishes of South Africa. Part I (Amphioxus, Cyclostomata, Elasmobranchii, and Teleostei-Isospondyli to Heterosomata). Annals of the South African Museum, 21, 1 - 418.","von Bonde, C. (1934) Shark fishing as an industry. Union of South Africa, Department of Commerce and Industry, Fisheries and Marine Biological Survey, Investigational Report, Series 2, 1 - 19.","Barnard, K. H. (1959) A Pictorial Guide to South African Fishes. Marine and Freshwater. Maskew Miller Ltd, Cape Town, 226 pp.","Fowler, H. W. (1910) Notes on batoid fishes. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, 62, 468 - 475.","M ʾ ller, J. & Henle, F. G. J. (1841) s. n. In: Systematische Beschreibung der Plagiostomen. Plagiostomen, Berlin, pp. 103 - 200.","Gray, J. E. (1851) List of the Specimens of Fish in the Collection of the British Museum. Part I. Chondropterygii. British Museum (Natural History), London, 160 pp.","Bleeker, P. (1860 b) Zesde bijdrage tot de kennis der vischfauna van Japan. Acta Societatis Regiae Scientiarum Indo-Neerlandicae, 8 (1), 1 - 104. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 144153","Dumeril, A. H. A. (1865) Histoire naturelle des poissons ou ichthyologie generale. Tome Premier. I. Elasmobranches. Plagiostomes et Holocephales ou Chimeres. Vol. 1. Librarie Encylopedique de Roret, Paris, 720 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 2111","Gilchrist, J. D. F. (1902) Catalogue of fishes recorded from South Africa. Cape of Good Hope, Department of Agriculture, Marine Investigations in South Africa, 1, 97 - 179.","Thompson, W. W. (1914) Catalogue of the fishes of the Cape Province (Pt 1). Marine Biological Report, Cape Town, 2 (8), 132 - 167.","Gilchrist, J. D. F. (1921) Fisheries and Marine Biological Survey. Report no. 1 for the Year 1920. Annexure A. List of Fishes, etc., procured; Annexure B., List of stations of SS \" Pickle \"; Annexure C., Journal of SS \" Pickle \". Report of the Fisheries and Marine Biological Survey, Union of South Africa, 1, I - Ill.","von Bonde, C. & Swart, D. B. (1923) The Platosomia (skates and rays) collected by the S. S. \" Pickle \". University of South Africa, Fisheries and Marine Biological Survey Report, 3 (5), 1 - 22.","von Bonde, C. (1933) Report no 10 for the year ending December, 1932. Report of Fisheries and Marine Biological Survey for 1932, including lists of fishes, etc., lists of stations of the R. S. Africana, and salinity results obtained during 1932. Union of South Africa, Fisheries and Marine Biological Survey, Report, 10, 1933, 4 - 109.","Bleeker, P. (1860 a) Elfde bijdrage tot de kennis der vischfauna van Amboina. Acta Societatis Regiae Scientiarum Indo-Neerlandicae, 8 (5), 1 - 14. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 144153","Garman, S. (1913) The Plagiostomia (sharks, skates, and rays). Memoirs of the Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard College, 36, 1 - 515.","Regan, C. T. (1906 a) Descriptions of new or little-known fishes from the coast of Natal. Annals of the Natal Government Museum, 1 (1), 1 - 6.","Regan, C. T. (1908 a) A collection of fishes from the coasts of Natal, Zululand and Cape Colony. Annals of the Natal Government Museum, 1 (3), 241 - 255.","Gilchrist, J. D. F. & Thompson, W. W. (1916) A catalogue of the sea fishes recorded from Natal. Part I. Annals of the Durban Museum, 1 (3), 255 - 290.","Smith, J. L. B. (1949 a) The Sea Fishes of Southern Africa. South Africa Central News Agency Ltd., 550 pp.","Smith, J. L. B. (1965) The Sea Fishes of Southern Africa. 5 th Edition. Central News Agency Ltd., 580 pp.","Norman, J. R. (1935) Coast fishes, Part. I. The South Atlantic. ' Discovery' Reports, 12, 1 - 58.","Smith, J. L. B. & Smith, M. M. (1966) Fishes of the Tsitsikama National Park. National Parks Board Trust, Pretoria, 161 pp.","Stehmann, M. (1971) Untersuchungen zur validat von Raja maderensis Lowe, 1839, zur geographischen variation von Raja straeleni Poll, 1951, und zum subgenerischen status beider arbeiten arten (Pisces, Batoidei, Rajidae). Archiv f ̡ r Fischereiwissenschaft, 22 (3), 175 - 199.","Compagno, L. J. V., Ebert, D. A. & Smale, M. J. (1989) Guide to the Sharks and Rays of Southern Africa. Struik Publishers, Cape Town, 158 pp.","Stehmann, M. (1995) First and new records of skates (Chondrichthyes, Rajiformes, Rajidae) from the West African continental slope (Morocco to South Africa), with descriptions of two new species. Archiv f ̡ r Fischereiwissenschaft, 43 (1), 1 - 119.","Compagno, L. J. V. (1999) An overview of chondrichthyan systematics and biodiversity in southern Africa. Transactions of the Royal Society of South Africa, 54, 75 - 120. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00359199909520406","Heemstra, P. C. & Heemstra, E. (2004) Coastal Fishes of Southern Africa. National Inquiry Service Centre and South African Institute for Aquatic Biodiversity, Grahamstown, 488 pp.","Compagno, L. J. V. & Ebert, D. A. (2007) Southern African skate biodiversity and distribution. Environmental Biology of Fishes, 80, 125 - 145. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / s 10641 - 007 - 9243 - 4","Ebert, D. A., Compagno, L. J. V. & Cowley, P. D. (2008) Aspects on the reproductive biology of skates (Chondrichthyes: Rajiformes: Rajoidei) from southern African waters. ICES Journal of Marine Science, 65, 81 - 102. https: // doi. org / 10.1093 / icesjms / fsm 169","NPOA. (2013) National Plan of Action for the Conservation and Management of Sharks (NPOA-Sharks). Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries (DAFF), Rogge Bay, Cape Town, 63 pp.","da Silva C., Booth, A. J., Dudley, S. F. J., Kerwath, S. E., Lamberth, S. J., Leslie, R. W., McCord, M. E., Sauer, W. H. H. & Zweig, T. (2015) A description and updated overview of the status and management of South Africa's chondrichthyan fisheries. South African Journal of Marine Science, 37, 233 - 248. https: // doi. org / 10.2989 / 1814232 X. 2015.1044471","Ebert, D. A. & van Hees, K. E. (2015) Beyond jaws: rediscovering the \" Lost Sharks \" of southern Africa. African Journal of Marine Science, 37, 141 - 156. https: // doi. org / 10.2989 / 1814232 X. 2015.1048730","Seret, B. & Last, P. R. (2016) Giant stingray. Family Plesiobatidae. In: Last, P. R., White, W. T., de Carvalho, M. E., Seret, B., Stehmann, M. F. W. & Naylor, G. J. P. (Eds.), Rays of the World. Cornell University Press, Ithaca, New York, pp. 674 - 675. https: // doi. org / 10.1071 / 9780643109148","Last, P. R., Weigmann, S. & Yang, L. (2016 f) Changes to the nomenclature of the skates (Chondrichthyes: Rajiformes). In: Last, P. R. & Yearsley, G. K. (Eds.), Rays of the World: Supplementary Information. CSIRO Australian National Fish Collection, Hobart, pp. 11 - 34.","Last, P. R., Seret, B., Stehmann, M. F. W. & Weigmann, S. (2016 g) Skates. Family Rajidae. In: Last, P. R., White, W. T., de Carvalho, M. E., Seret, B., Stehmann, M. F. W. & Naylor, G. J. P. (Eds.), Rays of the World. Cornell University Press, Ithaca, New York, pp. 204 - 363. https: // doi. org / 10.1071 / 9780643109148","Seret, B. (2016) Batoid fishes. Multiple families. In: Carpenter, K. E. & De Angelis, N. (Eds.), The Living Marine Resources of the Eastern Central Atlantic. Vol. 2. Bivalves, Gastropods, Hagfishes, Sharks, Batoid Fishes, and Chimaeras. FAO Species Identification Guide for Fishery Purposes. FAO, Rome, pp. 1337 - 1369, 1404 - 1433.","Weigmann, S. (2016) Annotated checklist of the living sharks, batoids and chimaeras (Chondrichthyes) of the world, with a focus on biogeographical diversity. Journal of Fish Biology, 88, 837 - 1037. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / jfb. 12874","Compagno, L. J. V., Ebert, D. A. & Cowley, P. D. (1991) Distribution of offshore demersal cartilaginous fishes (class Chondrichthyes) of the west coast of southern Africa, with notes on their systematics. South African Journal of Marine Science, 11, 43 - 139. https: // doi. org / 10.2989 / 025776191784287664","Ebert, D. A., Cowley, P. D. & Compagno, L. J. V. (1991) A preliminary investigation of the feeding ecology of skates (Batoidea: Rajidae) off the west coast of southern Africa. South African Journal of Marine Science, 10, 71 - 81. https: // doi. org / 10.2989 / 02577619109504621","Stehmann, M. (1970) Vergleichend morphologische und anatomische Untersuchungen zur Neuordnung der Systematik der Nordostatlantischen Rajidae. Archiv f ̡ r Fischereiwissenschaft, 21, 73 - 164."]}

Euprotomicroides zantedeschia Hulley & Penrith, 1966 Taillight Shark Euprotomicroides zantedeschia Hulley & Penrith, 1966: 222, figs. a–g. Holotype (unique): SAM 23577. Type locality: West of Cape Town, Western Cape Province, South Africa, southeast Atlantic. Local synonymy: Euprotomicroides zantedeschia: Hulley & Penrith, 1966: 222, figs. a–g; Bass et al., 1976: 50, fig. 32h; Compagno, 1984a: 89, fig.; Bass et al., 1986: 57, fig. 5.17; Compagno et al., 1989: 34, pl.; Compagno et al., 1991: 64; Compagno, 1999: 115; Compagno et al., 2005, fig., pl. 14; Ebert et al., 2013 a: 168, fig., pl. 17; Ebert, 2015: 105, fig. 122; Ebert & van Hees, 2015: 144; Weigmann, 2016: 892. South Africa voucher material: SAM 23577. South Africa distribution: Known from a single specimen caught west of Cape Town (WC). Remarks: A rare species known from only three additional specimens; one from off Uruguay, southwest Atlantic, and two off Chile, southeast Pacific. Conservation status: LC (2019). Genus Euprotomicrus Gill, 1865 Pygmy Sharks Euprotomicrus Gill, 1865: 264. Type species: Scymnus (Laemargus) labordii M̹ller & Henle, 1839. Type by monotypy, equal to Scymnus bispinatus Quoy & Gaimard, 1824., Published as part of Ebert, David A., Wintner, Sabine P. & Kyne, Peter M., 2021, An annotated checklist of the chondrichthyans of South Africa, pp. 1-127 in Zootaxa 4947 (1) on page 34, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4947.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/4614567, {"references":["Hulley, P. A. & Penrith, M. J. (1966) Euprotomicroides zantedeschia, a new genus and species of pigmy dalatiid shark from South Africa. Bulletin of Marine Science, 16 (2), 222 - 229.","Bass, A. J., D'Aubrey, J. D. & Kistnasamy, N. (1976) Sharks of the east coast of southern Africa. VI. The families Oxynotidae, Squalidae, Dalatiidae and Echinorhinidae. Investigational Report. Oceanographic Research Institute, Durban, 45, 1 - 103.","Compagno, L. J. V. (1984 a) FAO Species Catalogue. Sharks of the World. An Annotated and Illustrated Catalogue of Shark Species Known to Date. FAO Fisheries Synopsis. Vol. 4. No. 125. Part 1. Hexanchiformes to Lamniformes. FAO, Rome, pp. 1 - 250.","Bass, A. J. & Compagno, L. J. V. (1986) Families Echinorhinidae, Proscyllidae, Odontaspidiidae, Mitsukurinidae. In: Smith, M. M. & Heemstra, P. C. (Eds.), Smith's Sea Fishes. Macmillan, Johannesburg, pp. 63 + 103 + 104 - 105.","Compagno, L. J. V., Ebert, D. A. & Smale, M. J. (1989) Guide to the Sharks and Rays of Southern Africa. Struik Publishers, Cape Town, 158 pp.","Compagno, L. J. V., Ebert, D. A. & Cowley, P. D. (1991) Distribution of offshore demersal cartilaginous fishes (class Chondrichthyes) of the west coast of southern Africa, with notes on their systematics. South African Journal of Marine Science, 11, 43 - 139. https: // doi. org / 10.2989 / 025776191784287664","Compagno, L. J. V. (1999) An overview of chondrichthyan systematics and biodiversity in southern Africa. Transactions of the Royal Society of South Africa, 54, 75 - 120. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00359199909520406","Compagno, L., Dando, M. & Fowler, S. (2005) Field Guide to the Sharks of the World. Harper Collins Publishers Ltd, London, 368 pp.","Ebert, D. A., Fowler, S. & Compagno, L. J. V. (2013) Sharks of the World: A Fully Illustrated Guide to the Sharks of the World. Wild Nature Press, Plymouth, 528 pp.","Ebert, D. A. (2015) Deep-sea cartilaginous fishes of the Southeastern Atlantic Ocean. FAO Species Catalogue for Fishery Purposes No. 9. FAO, Rome, 251 pp.","Ebert, D. A. & van Hees, K. E. (2015) Beyond jaws: rediscovering the \" Lost Sharks \" of southern Africa. African Journal of Marine Science, 37, 141 - 156. https: // doi. org / 10.2989 / 1814232 X. 2015.1048730","Weigmann, S. (2016) Annotated checklist of the living sharks, batoids and chimaeras (Chondrichthyes) of the world, with a focus on biogeographical diversity. Journal of Fish Biology, 88, 837 - 1037. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / jfb. 12874","Gill, T. N. (1865) Synopsis of the eastern American sharks. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, 16, 258 - 265.","M ʾ ller, J. & Henle, F. G. J. (1839) s. n. In: Systematische Beschreibung der Plagiostomen. Plagiostomen, Berlin, pp. 29 - 102.","Quoy, J. R. C. & Gaimard, J. P. (1824) Description des Poissons. Chapter IX. In: de Freycinet, L., Voyage autour du Monde ... execute sur les corvettes de L. M. \" L'Uranie \" et \" La Physicienne, \" pendant les annees 1817, 1818, 1819 et 1820. Paris. Description des Poissons. Chapter IX, 1824, pp. 1 - 328."]}

Euprotomicrus bispinatus (Quoy & Gaimard, 1824) Pygmy Shark Scymnus bispinatus Quoy & Gaimard, 1824: 197, figs. 1–2, pl. 44. Holotype (unique): MNHN 0000-1216. Type locality: Mauritius, Mascarenes, southwestern Indian Ocean. Local synonymy: Euprotomicrus bispinatus: Bass et al., 1976: 47, fig. 34; Compagno, 1984a: 90, fig.; Bass et al., 1986: 58, fig. 5.18; Compagno et al., 1989: 34, pl.; Compagno, 1999: 115; Compagno et al., 2005: 126, fig., pl. 14; Ebert, 2013: 111, fig. 150; Ebert et al., 2013 a: 169, fig., pl. 17; Ebert & Mostada, 2013: 48, fig.; Ebert & Dando, 2014: 81, fig.; Ebert, 2015: 107, fig. 124; Ebert & Mostada, 2015: 41, fig.; Ebert & van Hees, 2015: 144; Compagno, 2016: 1211, fig.; Weigmann, 2016: 892. South Africa voucher material: SAIAB 6290 [formerly ORI 2621], SAM 26071. South Africa distribution: Known from off Cape Town (WC) and off Port Shepstone (KZN). Remarks: Bass et al. (1976) reported two specimens, a 14.8 cm TL immature male taken off the KZN coast at the surface over very deep water at night and a 21.2 cm TL mature male taken 800 km northwest of Cape Town. Conservation status: LC (2015). Genus Heteroscymnoides Fowler, 1934 Longnose Pygmy Sharks Heteroscymnoides Fowler, 1934: 239. Type species: Heteroscymnoides marleyi Fowler, 1934. Type by original designation (also monotypic)., Published as part of Ebert, David A., Wintner, Sabine P. & Kyne, Peter M., 2021, An annotated checklist of the chondrichthyans of South Africa, pp. 1-127 in Zootaxa 4947 (1) on page 35, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4947.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/4614567, {"references":["Quoy, J. R. C. & Gaimard, J. P. (1824) Description des Poissons. Chapter IX. In: de Freycinet, L., Voyage autour du Monde ... execute sur les corvettes de L. M. \" L'Uranie \" et \" La Physicienne, \" pendant les annees 1817, 1818, 1819 et 1820. Paris. Description des Poissons. Chapter IX, 1824, pp. 1 - 328.","Bass, A. J., D'Aubrey, J. D. & Kistnasamy, N. (1976) Sharks of the east coast of southern Africa. VI. The families Oxynotidae, Squalidae, Dalatiidae and Echinorhinidae. Investigational Report. Oceanographic Research Institute, Durban, 45, 1 - 103.","Compagno, L. J. V. (1984 a) FAO Species Catalogue. Sharks of the World. An Annotated and Illustrated Catalogue of Shark Species Known to Date. FAO Fisheries Synopsis. Vol. 4. No. 125. Part 1. Hexanchiformes to Lamniformes. FAO, Rome, pp. 1 - 250.","Bass, A. J. & Compagno, L. J. V. (1986) Families Echinorhinidae, Proscyllidae, Odontaspidiidae, Mitsukurinidae. In: Smith, M. M. & Heemstra, P. C. (Eds.), Smith's Sea Fishes. Macmillan, Johannesburg, pp. 63 + 103 + 104 - 105.","Compagno, L. J. V., Ebert, D. A. & Smale, M. J. (1989) Guide to the Sharks and Rays of Southern Africa. Struik Publishers, Cape Town, 158 pp.","Compagno, L. J. V. (1999) An overview of chondrichthyan systematics and biodiversity in southern Africa. Transactions of the Royal Society of South Africa, 54, 75 - 120. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00359199909520406","Compagno, L., Dando, M. & Fowler, S. (2005) Field Guide to the Sharks of the World. Harper Collins Publishers Ltd, London, 368 pp.","Ebert D. A. (2013) Deep-sea cartilaginous fishes of the Indian Ocean. Vol. 1. Sharks. FAO Species Catalogue for Fishery Purposes No. 8. Vol. 1. FAO, Rome, 256 pp.","Ebert, D. A., Fowler, S. & Compagno, L. J. V. (2013) Sharks of the World: A Fully Illustrated Guide to the Sharks of the World. Wild Nature Press, Plymouth, 528 pp.","Ebert, D. A. & Dando, M. (2014) On Board Guide for the Identification of Pelagic Sharks and Rays of the Western Indian Ocean. SmartFish Programme, FAO, Rome & Indian Ocean Commission, Port Louis, 109 pp.","Ebert, D. A. (2015) Deep-sea cartilaginous fishes of the Southeastern Atlantic Ocean. FAO Species Catalogue for Fishery Purposes No. 9. FAO, Rome, 251 pp.","Ebert, D. A. & van Hees, K. E. (2015) Beyond jaws: rediscovering the \" Lost Sharks \" of southern Africa. African Journal of Marine Science, 37, 141 - 156. https: // doi. org / 10.2989 / 1814232 X. 2015.1048730","Compagno, L. J. V. (2016) Sharks. In: Carpenter, K. E. & De Angelis, N. (Eds.), The Living Marine Resources of the Eastern Central Atlantic. Vol. 2. Bivalves, Gastropods, Hagfishes, Sharks, Batoid Fishes, and Chimaeras. FAO Species Identification Guide for Fishery Purposes. FAO, Rome, pp. 1122 - 1336.","Weigmann, S. (2016) Annotated checklist of the living sharks, batoids and chimaeras (Chondrichthyes) of the world, with a focus on biogeographical diversity. Journal of Fish Biology, 88, 837 - 1037. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / jfb. 12874","Fowler, H. W. (1934 a) Descriptions of new fishes obtained 1907 to 1910, chiefly in the Philippine Islands and adjacent seas. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, 85 (for 1933), 233 - 367."]}

Carcharhinus longimanus (Poey, 1861) Oceanic Whitetip Shark Squalus longimanus Poey, 1861: 338, pl. 19 (figs. 9, 10). No type known. Type locality: Cuba, Western Atlantic. Local synonymy: Carcharias (Prionodon) lamia: Lampe, 1914: 213, fig. 1. Pterolamiops magnipinnis: Smith, 1958b: 131, fig. 1c, pl. 1 (original description, Port Elizabeth); Smith, 1958c: 16; Smith, 1961a: 565, pl. 108. Pterolamiops magripinnis: Smith, 1961b: 20, pl. Carcharhinus longimanus: D’Aubrey, 1964a: 28, pl. 12; Davies, 1964: 184, pl. 7; Bass et al., 1973: 49, fig. 19; Compagno, 1984b: 484, fig.; Bass et al., 1986: 74, fig. 9.11; Compagno, 1988a: 7; Compagno et al., 1989: 70, pl.; Compagno, 1999: 120; Compagno et al., 2005: 300, fig., pl. 50; Ebert et al., 2013 a: 470, fig., pl. 61; NPOA, 2013: 42; Ebert & Dando, 2014: 39, fig.; da Silva et al., 2015: 246; Ebert & van Hees, 2015: 146; Compagno, 2016: 1311; Weigmann, 2016: 858. South Africa voucher material: SAIAB 6045 [ex ORI 415d], SAIAB 6291 [ex ORI 2690], SAIAB 39375 [ex ORI 5715], SAIAB 202985. South African distribution: South of Cape Point (WC) to the KZN border with Mozambique. Remarks: Carcharhinus longimanus exhibits distinct ontogenetic changes with growth, which led earlier researchers to describe new species regionally. Smith (1958b) described C. magnipinnis from a small female of 135 cm TL from Algoa Bay (EC) based on growth differences between it and a larger (~ 200–250 cm TL) individual without realizing these differences were growth-related. The species was quite common offshore in KZN, but also appears to move to the west to off Cape Point (WC), including small juveniles. A small juvenile (~ 120 cm TL) was caught off Cape Point (D.A. Ebert, unpubl. data). Conservation status: CR (2019)., Published as part of Ebert, David A., Wintner, Sabine P. & Kyne, Peter M., 2021, An annotated checklist of the chondrichthyans of South Africa, pp. 1-127 in Zootaxa 4947 (1) on page 64, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4947.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/4614567, {"references":["Lampe, M. 1914. Die fische der Deutschen S ʾ dpolar-Expedition 1901 - 1903. 3. Die hochsee- und k ʾ stenfische. Deutsch S ̡ dpolar-Expedition, 15 (2), 203 - 256. https: // doi. org / 10.1071 / 9780643109148","Smith, J. L. B. (1958 b) Sharks of the genus Pterolamiops Springer, 1951, with notes on isurid sharks. Rhodes University Ichthyological Bulletin, 10, 131 - 134.","Smith, J. L. B. (1958 c) White-tip sharks. Veld & Vlei, 3 (7), 16 - 18.","Smith, J. L. B. (1961 a) The Sea Fishes of Southern Africa. 4 th Edition. Central News Agency Ltd., Cape Town, 580 pp.","Smith, J. L. B. (1961 b) Are we on the right road with sharks? Field & Tide, 3 (6), 18 - 20, 29.","D'Aubrey, J. D. (1964 a) Preliminary guide to the sharks found off the east coast of South Africa. South African Association for Marine Biological Research, Oceanographic Research Institute, Investigational Report, 8, 1 - 95.","Davies, D. H. (1964) About Sharks and Shark Attack. Shuter & Shooter, Pietermaritzburg, 257 pp.","Bass, A. J., D'Aubrey, J. D. & Kistnasamy, N. (1973) Sharks of the east coast of southern Africa. I. The genus Carcharhinus (Carcharhinidae). Investigational Report. Oceanographic Research Institute, Durban, 33, 1 - 168.","Compagno, L. J. V. (1984 b) FAO Species Catalogue. Sharks of the World. An Annotated and Illustrated Catalogue of Shark Species Known to Date. FAO Fisheries Synopsis. Vol. 4. No. 125. Part 2. Carcharhiniformes. FAO, Rome, pp. 251 - 655.","Bass, A. J. & Compagno, L. J. V. (1986) Families Echinorhinidae, Proscyllidae, Odontaspidiidae, Mitsukurinidae. In: Smith, M. M. & Heemstra, P. C. (Eds.), Smith's Sea Fishes. Macmillan, Johannesburg, pp. 63 + 103 + 104 - 105.","Compagno, L. J. V. (1988 a) Sharks of the Order Carcharhiniformes. Princeton University Press, Princeton, New Jersey, 486 pp.","Compagno, L. J. V., Ebert, D. A. & Smale, M. J. (1989) Guide to the Sharks and Rays of Southern Africa. Struik Publishers, Cape Town, 158 pp.","Compagno, L. J. V. (1999) An overview of chondrichthyan systematics and biodiversity in southern Africa. Transactions of the Royal Society of South Africa, 54, 75 - 120. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00359199909520406","Compagno, L., Dando, M. & Fowler, S. (2005) Field Guide to the Sharks of the World. Harper Collins Publishers Ltd, London, 368 pp.","Ebert, D. A., Fowler, S. & Compagno, L. J. V. (2013) Sharks of the World: A Fully Illustrated Guide to the Sharks of the World. Wild Nature Press, Plymouth, 528 pp.","NPOA. (2013) National Plan of Action for the Conservation and Management of Sharks (NPOA-Sharks). Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries (DAFF), Rogge Bay, Cape Town, 63 pp.","Ebert, D. A. & Dando, M. (2014) On Board Guide for the Identification of Pelagic Sharks and Rays of the Western Indian Ocean. SmartFish Programme, FAO, Rome & Indian Ocean Commission, Port Louis, 109 pp.","da Silva C., Booth, A. J., Dudley, S. F. J., Kerwath, S. E., Lamberth, S. J., Leslie, R. W., McCord, M. E., Sauer, W. H. H. & Zweig, T. (2015) A description and updated overview of the status and management of South Africa's chondrichthyan fisheries. South African Journal of Marine Science, 37, 233 - 248. https: // doi. org / 10.2989 / 1814232 X. 2015.1044471","Ebert, D. A. & van Hees, K. E. (2015) Beyond jaws: rediscovering the \" Lost Sharks \" of southern Africa. African Journal of Marine Science, 37, 141 - 156. https: // doi. org / 10.2989 / 1814232 X. 2015.1048730","Compagno, L. J. V. (2016) Sharks. In: Carpenter, K. E. & De Angelis, N. (Eds.), The Living Marine Resources of the Eastern Central Atlantic. Vol. 2. Bivalves, Gastropods, Hagfishes, Sharks, Batoid Fishes, and Chimaeras. FAO Species Identification Guide for Fishery Purposes. FAO, Rome, pp. 1122 - 1336.","Weigmann, S. (2016) Annotated checklist of the living sharks, batoids and chimaeras (Chondrichthyes) of the world, with a focus on biogeographical diversity. Journal of Fish Biology, 88, 837 - 1037. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / jfb. 12874"]}

Neoraja stehmanni (Hulley, 1972) African Pygmy Skate Breviraja stehmanni Hulley, 1972b: 254, figs. 1–5. Holotype: SAM 26636. Type locality: Cape Basin, South Africa. Local synonymy:? Raia plutonia: Barnard, 1925: 68 (in part). Breviraja stehmanni: Hulley, 1972b: 254, figs. 1–5. Neoraja (Neoraja) stehmanni: Hulley, 1986: 118, fig. 25.5. Neoraja stehmanni: Compagno et al., 1989: 88, pl.; Compagno et al. 1991: 93; Ebert et al., 1991: 76; Stehmann, 1995: 104; Compagno, 1999: 116; Compagno & Ebert, 2007: 137, fig. 5f; Ebert & Compagno, 2007: 120; Ebert et al., 2008: 92; Ebert, 2014: 71, fig. 110; Ebert, 2015: 183, fig. 207; Ebert & van Hees, 2015: 147; Last et al., 2016f: 24; Last et al., 2016g: 301, fig. 19.92; Weigmann, 2016: 950. South Africa voucher material: Holotype: SAM 26636. Non-types: SAIAB 54532, SAIAB 54999, SAIAB 64275. South African distribution: Endemic. Occurs from southwest of the Orange River (NC) to south of Cape Point and east to Algoa Bay (EC), with a population concentration between Saldanha Bay and Cape Point. Remarks: This is one of the smallest southern African skate species and is endemic to South Africa. Its distribution appears to be very localized compared to other regional skate species. Conservation status: LC (2019)., Published as part of Ebert, David A., Wintner, Sabine P. & Kyne, Peter M., 2021, An annotated checklist of the chondrichthyans of South Africa, pp. 1-127 in Zootaxa 4947 (1) on page 83, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4947.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/4614567, {"references":["Hulley, P. A. (1972 a) The origin, interrelationships and distribution of southern African Rajidae (Chondrichthyes, Batoidei). Annals of the South African Museum, 60, 1 - 103. https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 1442499","Hulley, P. A. (1972 b) A new species of southern African brevirajid skate (Chondrichthyes, Batoidei, Rajidae). Annals of the South African Museum, 60 (9), 253 - 263.","Barnard, K. H. (1925) A monograph of the marine fishes of South Africa. Part I (Amphioxus, Cyclostomata, Elasmobranchii, and Teleostei-Isospondyli to Heterosomata). Annals of the South African Museum, 21, 1 - 418.","Hulley, P. A. (1986) Family Rajidae, Anacanthobatidae. In: Smith, M. M. & Heemstra, P. C. (Eds.), Smith's Sea Fishes. Macmillan, Johannesburg, pp. 115 - 128.","Compagno, L. J. V., Ebert, D. A. & Smale, M. J. (1989) Guide to the Sharks and Rays of Southern Africa. Struik Publishers, Cape Town, 158 pp.","Compagno, L. J. V., Ebert, D. A. & Cowley, P. D. (1991) Distribution of offshore demersal cartilaginous fishes (class Chondrichthyes) of the west coast of southern Africa, with notes on their systematics. South African Journal of Marine Science, 11, 43 - 139. https: // doi. org / 10.2989 / 025776191784287664","Ebert, D. A., Cowley, P. D. & Compagno, L. J. V. (1991) A preliminary investigation of the feeding ecology of skates (Batoidea: Rajidae) off the west coast of southern Africa. South African Journal of Marine Science, 10, 71 - 81. https: // doi. org / 10.2989 / 02577619109504621","Stehmann, M. (1995) First and new records of skates (Chondrichthyes, Rajiformes, Rajidae) from the West African continental slope (Morocco to South Africa), with descriptions of two new species. Archiv f ̡ r Fischereiwissenschaft, 43 (1), 1 - 119.","Compagno, L. J. V. (1999) An overview of chondrichthyan systematics and biodiversity in southern Africa. Transactions of the Royal Society of South Africa, 54, 75 - 120. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00359199909520406","Compagno, L. J. V. & Ebert, D. A. (2007) Southern African skate biodiversity and distribution. Environmental Biology of Fishes, 80, 125 - 145. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / s 10641 - 007 - 9243 - 4","Ebert, D. A., Compagno, L. J. V. & Cowley, P. D. (2008) Aspects on the reproductive biology of skates (Chondrichthyes: Rajiformes: Rajoidei) from southern African waters. ICES Journal of Marine Science, 65, 81 - 102. https: // doi. org / 10.1093 / icesjms / fsm 169","Ebert D. A. (2014) Deep-sea cartilaginous fishes of the Indian Ocean. Vol. 2. Batoids and chimaeras. FAO Species Catalogue for Fishery Purposes No. 8. Vol. 2. FAO, Rome, 129 pp.","Ebert, D. A. (2015) Deep-sea cartilaginous fishes of the Southeastern Atlantic Ocean. FAO Species Catalogue for Fishery Purposes No. 9. FAO, Rome, 251 pp.","Ebert, D. A. & van Hees, K. E. (2015) Beyond jaws: rediscovering the \" Lost Sharks \" of southern Africa. African Journal of Marine Science, 37, 141 - 156. https: // doi. org / 10.2989 / 1814232 X. 2015.1048730","Last, P. R., Weigmann, S. & Yang, L. (2016 f) Changes to the nomenclature of the skates (Chondrichthyes: Rajiformes). In: Last, P. R. & Yearsley, G. K. (Eds.), Rays of the World: Supplementary Information. CSIRO Australian National Fish Collection, Hobart, pp. 11 - 34.","Last, P. R., Seret, B., Stehmann, M. F. W. & Weigmann, S. (2016 g) Skates. Family Rajidae. In: Last, P. R., White, W. T., de Carvalho, M. E., Seret, B., Stehmann, M. F. W. & Naylor, G. J. P. (Eds.), Rays of the World. Cornell University Press, Ithaca, New York, pp. 204 - 363. https: // doi. org / 10.1071 / 9780643109148","Weigmann, S. (2016) Annotated checklist of the living sharks, batoids and chimaeras (Chondrichthyes) of the world, with a focus on biogeographical diversity. Journal of Fish Biology, 88, 837 - 1037. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / jfb. 12874"]}

Rhinobatos holcorhynchus Norman, 1922 Slender Guitarfish Rhinobatus holcorhynchus Norman, 1922: 318. Holotype (unique): BMNH 1922.1.13.18. Type locality: Zululand, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. Local synonymy: Rhinobatus holcorhynchus: von Bonde & Swart, 1923: 3; Barnard, 1925: 61, fig. 9c, pl. 3; Norman, 1926: 957, fig. 10; Barnard, 1927: 1014; Fowler, 1941: 307; Barnard, 1959: 22; Wallace, 1967b: 18, figs. 9, 11. Rhinobatus natalensis: Fowler, 1925b: 195, fig. 1. Rhinobatus schlegeli: Smith, 1949a: 64, fig. 64; Smith, 1961a: 64, fig. 64; Smith, 1965: 64, fig. 64. Rhinobatos holcorhynchus: Compagno, 1986: 130, fig. 27.4; Compagno et al., 1989: 78, pl.; Compagno, 1999: 116; Heemstra & Heemstra, 2004: 78; NPOA, 2013: 57; da Silva et al., 2015: 247; Ebert & van Hees, 2015: 146; Last et al., 2016b: 470; Séret et al., 2016a: 98, fig. 10.20 (in part, illustration is of R. austini); Weigmann, 2016: 922. South Africa voucher material: Holotype: BMNH 1922.1.13.18, ANSP 53041 (holotype of Rhinobatos natalensis). Non-types: SAIAB 11144, SAIAB 11145, SAIAB 11146, SAM 033512, SAM 033999, SAM 034815. South African distribution: East coast from Port Shepstone to KZN border with Mozambique. Remarks: The geographic range of R. holcorhynchus in East Africa, Madagascar, and the Mascarene Archipelago should be revisited given the misidentification with other regional Rhinobatos species, including R. austini and R. nudidorsalis. The scientific name Rhinobatos schlegelii appears in some earlier South African literature accounts since Smith (1949a, 1961 a, 1965) considered R. holcorhychus to be a junior synonym of it. However, most recent accounts do not recognize it as occurring in southern Africa, and consider its distribution to be restricted to the western North Pacific (Last et al., 2016b: 470; Séret et al., 2016a: 98, fig. 10.20). Conservation status: DD (2019)., Published as part of Ebert, David A., Wintner, Sabine P. & Kyne, Peter M., 2021, An annotated checklist of the chondrichthyans of South Africa, pp. 1-127 in Zootaxa 4947 (1) on page 77, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4947.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/4614567, {"references":["Norman, J. R. (1922) Three new fishes from Zululand and Natal, collected by Mr H. W. Bell Marley; with additions to the fish fauna of Natal. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, 9 (52), 318 - 322. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222932208632681","von Bonde, C. & Swart, D. B. (1923) The Platosomia (skates and rays) collected by the S. S. \" Pickle \". University of South Africa, Fisheries and Marine Biological Survey Report, 3 (5), 1 - 22.","Barnard, K. H. (1925) A monograph of the marine fishes of South Africa. Part I (Amphioxus, Cyclostomata, Elasmobranchii, and Teleostei-Isospondyli to Heterosomata). Annals of the South African Museum, 21, 1 - 418.","Norman, J. R. (1926) A synopsis of the rays of the family Rhinobatidae, with a revision of the genus Rhinobatus. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 1926 (4), 941 - 982. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1096 - 3642.1926. tb 02228. x","Barnard, K. H. (1927) A monograph of the marine fishes of South Africa. Part II (Teleostei - Discocephali to end. Appendix). Annals of the South African Museum 21, 419 - 1065.","Fowler, H. W. (1941) The fishes of the groups Elasmobranchii, Holocephali, Isospondyli, and Ostarophysi obtained by the U. S. Bureau of Fisheries streamer \" Albatross \" in 1907 to 1910, chiefly in the Philippine Islands and adjacent seas. Bulletin United States National Museum, 100, 1 - 879.","Barnard, K. H. (1959) A Pictorial Guide to South African Fishes. Marine and Freshwater. Maskew Miller Ltd, Cape Town, 226 pp.","Wallace, J. H. (1967 b) The batoid fishes of the east coast of southern Africa. Part I: sawfishes and guitarfishes. Investigational Report. Oceanographic Research Institute, Durban, 15, 1 - 32.","Fowler, H. W. (1925 b) Fishes from Natal, Zululand and Portuguese East Africa. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia, 1925, 77, 187 - 268.","Smith, J. L. B. (1949 a) The Sea Fishes of Southern Africa. South Africa Central News Agency Ltd., 550 pp.","Smith, J. L. B. (1961 a) The Sea Fishes of Southern Africa. 4 th Edition. Central News Agency Ltd., Cape Town, 580 pp.","Smith, J. L. B. (1965) The Sea Fishes of Southern Africa. 5 th Edition. Central News Agency Ltd., 580 pp.","Compagno, L. J. V. (1986) Families Pristidae, Narkidae, Rhinobatidae, Myliobatidae, Mobulidae, Dasyatidae, Chimaeridae, Rhinochimaeridae, Callorhinchidae. In: Smith, M. M. & Heemstra, P. C. (Eds.), Smith's Sea Fishes. Macmillan, Johannesburg, pp. 110 - 142, 144 - 147.","Compagno, L. J. V., Ebert, D. A. & Smale, M. J. (1989) Guide to the Sharks and Rays of Southern Africa. Struik Publishers, Cape Town, 158 pp.","Compagno, L. J. V. (1999) An overview of chondrichthyan systematics and biodiversity in southern Africa. Transactions of the Royal Society of South Africa, 54, 75 - 120. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00359199909520406","Heemstra, P. C. & Heemstra, E. (2004) Coastal Fishes of Southern Africa. National Inquiry Service Centre and South African Institute for Aquatic Biodiversity, Grahamstown, 488 pp.","NPOA. (2013) National Plan of Action for the Conservation and Management of Sharks (NPOA-Sharks). Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries (DAFF), Rogge Bay, Cape Town, 63 pp.","da Silva C., Booth, A. J., Dudley, S. F. J., Kerwath, S. E., Lamberth, S. J., Leslie, R. W., McCord, M. E., Sauer, W. H. H. & Zweig, T. (2015) A description and updated overview of the status and management of South Africa's chondrichthyan fisheries. South African Journal of Marine Science, 37, 233 - 248. https: // doi. org / 10.2989 / 1814232 X. 2015.1044471","Ebert, D. A. & van Hees, K. E. (2015) Beyond jaws: rediscovering the \" Lost Sharks \" of southern Africa. African Journal of Marine Science, 37, 141 - 156. https: // doi. org / 10.2989 / 1814232 X. 2015.1048730","Last, P. R., Seret, B. & Naylor, G. J. P. (2016 b) A new species of guitarfish, Rhinobatos borneensis sp. nov. with a redefinition of the family-level classification in the order Rhinopristiformes (Chondrichthyes: Batoidea). Zootaxa, 4117 (4), 451 - 475. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4117.4.1","Seret, B., Last, P. R. & Naylor, G. J. P. (2016 a) Guitarfishes. Family Rhinobatidae. In: Last, P. R., White, W. T., de Carvalho, M. E., Seret, B., Stehmann, M. F. W. & Naylor, G. J. P. (Eds.), Rays of the World. Cornell University Press, Ithaca, New York, pp. 77 - 109. https: // doi. org / 10.1071 / 9780643109148","Weigmann, S. (2016) Annotated checklist of the living sharks, batoids and chimaeras (Chondrichthyes) of the world, with a focus on biogeographical diversity. Journal of Fish Biology, 88, 837 - 1037. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / jfb. 12874","Van Bruggen, A. C. (1965) Records and observations in the Port Elizabeth oceanarium in 1960. Zoologische Garten, Leipzig, 31 (3 / 4), 190 - 191."]}

Odontaspis ferox (Risso, 1810) Smalltooth Sand Tiger Shark Squalus ferox Risso, 1810: 38. Holotype unknown; type locality off Nice, France, in the Mediterranean Sea. Local synonymy: Odontaspis herbsti: Bass et al., 1975c: 10, fig. 6. Odontaspis ferox: Smith, 1975: 12; Compagno, 1984a: 219, fig.; Bass, 1986: 98, fig. 14.1, pl. 1; Compagno et al., 1989: 40, pl.; Compagno, 1999: 118; Compagno, 2001: 64, fig. 55; Heemstra & Heemstra, 2004: 74; Compagno et al., 2005: 176, fig., pl. 27; Ebert, 2013: 146, fig. 182; Ebert et al., 2013 a: 218, fig., pl. 25; Ebert & Mostada, 2013: 13, fig.; Ebert & Dando, 2014: 63, fig.; Ebert & van Hees, 2015: 145; Compagno, 2016: 1125; Weigmann, 2016: 852. South Africa voucher material: SAIAB 6234 [former ORI 2341], SAIAB 6265 [former ORI 2396], SAIAB 6926. South African distribution: KZN coast to at least Port Shepstone, and possibly off the Transkei coast (EC). Remarks: Occasionally taken off the KZN coast, a few dozen specimens were landed during a short-lived deepsea fishery off Port Shepstone that also landed Dalatias licha and Mitsukurina owstoni among other deep-sea species (D.A. Ebert & P.D. Cowley, unpubl. data). The species is known to occasionally venture into shallow water, but to date no known records have been caught by the KZN Sharks Board. The first confirmed records of this species were from off Durban in October 1966, February 1968, and April 1972. Conservation status: VU (2016)., Published as part of Ebert, David A., Wintner, Sabine P. & Kyne, Peter M., 2021, An annotated checklist of the chondrichthyans of South Africa, pp. 1-127 in Zootaxa 4947 (1) on page 40, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4947.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/4614567, {"references":["Risso, A. (1810) Ichthyologie de Nice, ou histoire naturelle des poissons du departement des Alpes Maritimes. F. Schoell, Paris, 388 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 7052","Bass, A. J., D'Aubrey, J. D. & Kistnasamy, N. (1975 c) Sharks of the east coast of southern Africa. IV. The families Odontaspididae, Scapanorhynchidae, Isuridae, Cetorhinidae, Alopiidae, Orectolobidae and Rhiniodontidae. Investigational Report. Oceanographic Research Institute, Durban, 39, 1 - 102.","Smith, M. M. (1975) Common and scientific names of the fishes of southern Africa. Part 1. Marine fishes. J. L. B. Smith Institute of Ichthyology Special Publication, 14, 1 - 178.","Compagno, L. J. V. (1984 a) FAO Species Catalogue. Sharks of the World. An Annotated and Illustrated Catalogue of Shark Species Known to Date. FAO Fisheries Synopsis. Vol. 4. No. 125. Part 1. Hexanchiformes to Lamniformes. FAO, Rome, pp. 1 - 250.","Bass, A. J. (1986) Families Chlamydoselachidae, Heterodontidae, Orectolobidae, Rhinicodontidae, Scyliorhinidae, Pseudotriakidae, Sphyrnidae, Lamnidae, Cetorhinidae, Alopiidae, Pseudocarchariidae, Squatinidae. In: Smith, M. M. & Heemstra, P. C. (Eds.), Smith's Sea Fishes. Macmillan, Johannesburg, pp. 47 - 48 + 64 - 66 + 87 - 102 + 103 + 107.","Compagno, L. J. V., Ebert, D. A. & Smale, M. J. (1989) Guide to the Sharks and Rays of Southern Africa. Struik Publishers, Cape Town, 158 pp.","Compagno, L. J. V. (1999) An overview of chondrichthyan systematics and biodiversity in southern Africa. Transactions of the Royal Society of South Africa, 54, 75 - 120. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00359199909520406","Compagno, L. J. V. (2001) Sharks of the World, an Annotated and Illustrated Catalogue of Shark Species Known to Date. Volume 2. Bullhead, Mackerel and Carpet Sharks (Heterodontiformes, Lamniformes and Orectolobiformes). FAO, Rome, 269 pp.","Heemstra, P. C. & Heemstra, E. (2004) Coastal Fishes of Southern Africa. National Inquiry Service Centre and South African Institute for Aquatic Biodiversity, Grahamstown, 488 pp.","Compagno, L., Dando, M. & Fowler, S. (2005) Field Guide to the Sharks of the World. Harper Collins Publishers Ltd, London, 368 pp.","Ebert D. A. (2013) Deep-sea cartilaginous fishes of the Indian Ocean. Vol. 1. Sharks. FAO Species Catalogue for Fishery Purposes No. 8. Vol. 1. FAO, Rome, 256 pp.","Ebert, D. A., Fowler, S. & Compagno, L. J. V. (2013) Sharks of the World: A Fully Illustrated Guide to the Sharks of the World. Wild Nature Press, Plymouth, 528 pp.","Ebert, D. A. & Dando, M. (2014) On Board Guide for the Identification of Pelagic Sharks and Rays of the Western Indian Ocean. SmartFish Programme, FAO, Rome & Indian Ocean Commission, Port Louis, 109 pp.","Ebert, D. A. & van Hees, K. E. (2015) Beyond jaws: rediscovering the \" Lost Sharks \" of southern Africa. African Journal of Marine Science, 37, 141 - 156. https: // doi. org / 10.2989 / 1814232 X. 2015.1048730","Compagno, L. J. V. (2016) Sharks. In: Carpenter, K. E. & De Angelis, N. (Eds.), The Living Marine Resources of the Eastern Central Atlantic. Vol. 2. Bivalves, Gastropods, Hagfishes, Sharks, Batoid Fishes, and Chimaeras. FAO Species Identification Guide for Fishery Purposes. FAO, Rome, pp. 1122 - 1336.","Weigmann, S. (2016) Annotated checklist of the living sharks, batoids and chimaeras (Chondrichthyes) of the world, with a focus on biogeographical diversity. Journal of Fish Biology, 88, 837 - 1037. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / jfb. 12874"]}

Genus Squalus Linnaeus, 1758 Dogfishes Squalus Linnaeus, 1758: 233. Type species: Squalus acanthias Linnaeus, 1758, by subsequent designation of Gill, 1862: 39., Published as part of Ebert, David A., Wintner, Sabine P. & Kyne, Peter M., 2021, An annotated checklist of the chondrichthyans of South Africa, pp. 1-127 in Zootaxa 4947 (1) on page 21, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4947.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/4614567, {"references":["Linnaeus, C. (1758) Systema Naturae, Ed. X. (Systema naturae per regna tria naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata. Impensis Direct. Laurentii Salvii, Holmiae, 824 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 542","Gill, T. N. (1862) Analytical synopsis of the order of Squali; and revision of the nomenclature of the genera. Annals of the Lyceum of Natural History of New York, 7, 367 - 408. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1749 - 6632.1862. tb 00166. x"]}

Halaelurus natalensis (Regan, 1904) Tiger Catshark Scyllium natalense Regan, 1904: 128. Syntypes: (2 specimens) BMNH 1904.6.28.29 (1). Type locality: KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. Local synonymy: Scyllium natalense: Regan, 1904: 128. Scyliorhinus natalensis: Regan, 1908a: 241; Regan, 1908b: 461; Fowler, 1936 a: 361. Scylliorhinus natalensis: Gilchrist & Thompson, 1911: 55; Thompson, 1914: 138; Gilchrist & Thompson, 1916: 283; Gilchrist, 1921: 56; Gilchrist, 1922b: 44 (in part with H. lineatus ?); von Bonde, 1923: 4 (in part with H. lineatus ?); Barnard, 1925: 43; von Bonde, 1934: 15; Barnard, 1947: 16. Halaelurus natalensis: Garman, 1913: 84; Fowler, 1941: 45; Smith, 1949a: 54, pl. 2; Smith, 1965: 54, pl. 2; Springer & D’Aubrey, 1972: 3; Bass et al., 1975a: 14, figs. 9, 20f; Springer, 1979: 83, figs. 48–50; Compagno, 1984b: 330, fig.; Bass, 1986: 91, fig. 11.7, pl. 3; Compagno, 1988a: 147; Compagno et al., 1989: 52, pl.; Compagno et al., 1991: 78; Compagno, 1999: 119; Heemstra & Heemstra, 2004: 66; Compagno et al., 2005: 233, fig., pl. 39; Ebert et al., 2013 a: 352, fig., pl. 47; NPOA, 2013: 45; da Silva et al., 2015: 248; Ebert & van Hees, 2015: 147; Weigmann, 2016: 876. South Africa voucher material: Syntypes: BMNH 1904.6.28.29 (2 specimens). Non-types: SAIAB 6154, SAIAB 6155, SAIAB 6156, SAIAB 6157, SAIAB 6158, SAIAB 6159, SAIAB 6363, SAIAB 6859, SAIAB 6860, SAIAB 6861, SAIAB 6862, SAIAB 6863, SAIAB 6864, SAIAB 6865, SAIAB 6866, SAIAB 6867, SAIAB 6868, SAIAB 6869, SAIAB 6870, SAIAB 6871, SAIAB 6872, SAIAB 6873, SAIAB 6874, SAIAB 6875, SAIAB 6876, SAIAB 6877, SAIAB 6878, SAIAB 6879, SAIAB 6880, SAIAB 6881, SAIAB 6882, SAIAB 6883, SAIAB 6884, SAIAB 6885, SAIAB 6886, SAIAB 6887, SAIAB 7559, SAIAB 7618, SAIAB 7619, SAIAB 7620, SAIAB 7621, SAIAB 7622, SAIAB 7623, SAIAB 7624, SAIAB 7834, SAIAB 8264. South African distribution: Endemic. Cape Point (WC) to East London (EC), but may possibly extend to Saldanha Bay (WC) in the west and eastwards to KZN. Remarks: The species is most common off the southern and eastern Cape coasts, but records for extreme locations on the west and east coasts require confirmation. Conservation status: VU (2020). Genus Haploblepharus Garman, 1913 Shysharks Haploblepharus Garman, 1913: 101. Type species: Squalus edwardsii Schinz, 1822. Type by monotypy. Type species originally was given as Scyllium edwardsii Voigt 1832. The name Squalus edwardsii was attributed to Schinz, 1822 in Opinion 2056; the name edwardsii had been spelled edwartsii by Schinz, 1822, but edwardsii was ruled the correct spelling., Published as part of Ebert, David A., Wintner, Sabine P. & Kyne, Peter M., 2021, An annotated checklist of the chondrichthyans of South Africa, pp. 1-127 in Zootaxa 4947 (1) on page 48, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4947.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/4614567, {"references":["Regan, C. T. (1904) Descriptions of three new marine fishes from South Africa. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Series 7, 14 (80), 128 - 130. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 03745480409442978","Regan, C. T. (1908 a) A collection of fishes from the coasts of Natal, Zululand and Cape Colony. Annals of the Natal Government Museum, 1 (3), 241 - 255.","Regan, C. T. (1908 b) A synopsis of the sharks of the Family Scyliorhinidae. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Series 8, 1, 453 - 465. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222930808692434","Fowler, H. W. (1936) The marine fishes of West Africa based on the collection of the American Museum Congo expedition, 1909 - 1915. Part 1. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, 70 (1), 1 - 605.","Gilchrist, J. D. F. & Thompson, W. W. (1911) Descriptions of fishes from the coast of Natal. Pt 3. Annals of the South African Museum, 11 (2), 29 - 58. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. part. 5070","Thompson, W. W. (1914) Catalogue of the fishes of the Cape Province (Pt 1). Marine Biological Report, Cape Town, 2 (8), 132 - 167.","Gilchrist, J. D. F. & Thompson, W. W. (1916) A catalogue of the sea fishes recorded from Natal. Part I. Annals of the Durban Museum, 1 (3), 255 - 290.","Gilchrist, J. D. F. (1921) Fisheries and Marine Biological Survey. Report no. 1 for the Year 1920. Annexure A. List of Fishes, etc., procured; Annexure B., List of stations of SS \" Pickle \"; Annexure C., Journal of SS \" Pickle \". Report of the Fisheries and Marine Biological Survey, Union of South Africa, 1, I - Ill.","Gilchrist, J. D. F. (1922 b) Deep-sea fishes procured by the S. A. \" Pickle \" (Part I.). Special Report (3), Report of the Fisheries and Marine Biological Survey, Union of South Africa, 2, 41 - 79.","von Bonde, C. (1923) Shallow-water fishes procured by the S. S. \" Pickle \". Special Report 1 in Report on the Fisheries and Marine Biological Survey, Union of South Africa, 3, 1 - 40.","Barnard, K. H. (1925) A monograph of the marine fishes of South Africa. Part I (Amphioxus, Cyclostomata, Elasmobranchii, and Teleostei-Isospondyli to Heterosomata). Annals of the South African Museum, 21, 1 - 418.","von Bonde, C. (1934) Shark fishing as an industry. Union of South Africa, Department of Commerce and Industry, Fisheries and Marine Biological Survey, Investigational Report, Series 2, 1 - 19.","Barnard, K. H. (1947) A Pictorial Guide to South African Fishes. Marine and Freshwater. Maskew Miller Ltd, Cape Town, 226 pp.","Garman, S. (1913) The Plagiostomia (sharks, skates, and rays). Memoirs of the Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard College, 36, 1 - 515.","Fowler, H. W. (1941) The fishes of the groups Elasmobranchii, Holocephali, Isospondyli, and Ostarophysi obtained by the U. S. Bureau of Fisheries streamer \" Albatross \" in 1907 to 1910, chiefly in the Philippine Islands and adjacent seas. Bulletin United States National Museum, 100, 1 - 879.","Smith, J. L. B. (1949 a) The Sea Fishes of Southern Africa. South Africa Central News Agency Ltd., 550 pp.","Smith, J. L. B. (1965) The Sea Fishes of Southern Africa. 5 th Edition. Central News Agency Ltd., 580 pp.","Bass, A. J., D'Aubrey, J. D. & Kistnasamy, N. (1975 a) Sharks of the east coast of southern Africa. II. The families Scyliorhinidae and Pseudotriakidae. Investigational Report. Oceanographic Research Institute, Durban, 37, 1 - 64.","Springer, S. (1979) A revision of the catsharks, family Scyliorhinidae. NOAA (National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration) Technical Report NMFS (National Marine Fisheries Service) Circular, 422, 1 - 152. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 63029","Compagno, L. J. V. (1984 b) FAO Species Catalogue. Sharks of the World. An Annotated and Illustrated Catalogue of Shark Species Known to Date. FAO Fisheries Synopsis. Vol. 4. No. 125. Part 2. Carcharhiniformes. FAO, Rome, pp. 251 - 655.","Bass, A. J. (1986) Families Chlamydoselachidae, Heterodontidae, Orectolobidae, Rhinicodontidae, Scyliorhinidae, Pseudotriakidae, Sphyrnidae, Lamnidae, Cetorhinidae, Alopiidae, Pseudocarchariidae, Squatinidae. In: Smith, M. M. & Heemstra, P. C. (Eds.), Smith's Sea Fishes. Macmillan, Johannesburg, pp. 47 - 48 + 64 - 66 + 87 - 102 + 103 + 107.","Compagno, L. J. V. (1988 a) Sharks of the Order Carcharhiniformes. Princeton University Press, Princeton, New Jersey, 486 pp.","Compagno, L. J. V., Ebert, D. A. & Smale, M. J. (1989) Guide to the Sharks and Rays of Southern Africa. Struik Publishers, Cape Town, 158 pp.","Compagno, L. J. V., Ebert, D. A. & Cowley, P. D. (1991) Distribution of offshore demersal cartilaginous fishes (class Chondrichthyes) of the west coast of southern Africa, with notes on their systematics. South African Journal of Marine Science, 11, 43 - 139. https: // doi. org / 10.2989 / 025776191784287664","Compagno, L. J. V. (1999) An overview of chondrichthyan systematics and biodiversity in southern Africa. Transactions of the Royal Society of South Africa, 54, 75 - 120. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00359199909520406","Heemstra, P. C. & Heemstra, E. (2004) Coastal Fishes of Southern Africa. National Inquiry Service Centre and South African Institute for Aquatic Biodiversity, Grahamstown, 488 pp.","Compagno, L., Dando, M. & Fowler, S. (2005) Field Guide to the Sharks of the World. Harper Collins Publishers Ltd, London, 368 pp.","Ebert, D. A., Fowler, S. & Compagno, L. J. V. (2013) Sharks of the World: A Fully Illustrated Guide to the Sharks of the World. Wild Nature Press, Plymouth, 528 pp.","NPOA. (2013) National Plan of Action for the Conservation and Management of Sharks (NPOA-Sharks). Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries (DAFF), Rogge Bay, Cape Town, 63 pp.","da Silva C., Booth, A. J., Dudley, S. F. J., Kerwath, S. E., Lamberth, S. J., Leslie, R. W., McCord, M. E., Sauer, W. H. H. & Zweig, T. (2015) A description and updated overview of the status and management of South Africa's chondrichthyan fisheries. South African Journal of Marine Science, 37, 233 - 248. https: // doi. org / 10.2989 / 1814232 X. 2015.1044471","Ebert, D. A. & van Hees, K. E. (2015) Beyond jaws: rediscovering the \" Lost Sharks \" of southern Africa. African Journal of Marine Science, 37, 141 - 156. https: // doi. org / 10.2989 / 1814232 X. 2015.1048730","Weigmann, S. (2016) Annotated checklist of the living sharks, batoids and chimaeras (Chondrichthyes) of the world, with a focus on biogeographical diversity. Journal of Fish Biology, 88, 837 - 1037. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / jfb. 12874","Schinz, H. R. (1822) Das Thierreich eingetheilt nach dem Bau der Thiere als Grundlage ihrer Naturgeschichte und der vergleichenden Anatomie. Vol. 2. Mit vielen Zusatzenversehen von H. R. Schinz. Cotta, Stuttgart and T ʾ bingen, 835 pp.","Voigt, F. S. (1832) Das Thierreich von Cuvier, ̡ bersetzt und durch Zusatze erweitert. Vol. 2. Brockhaus, Leipzig. [unknown pagination]"]}

Carcharhinus amboinensis (Müller & Henle, 1839) Pigeye Shark Carcharias (Prionodon) amboinensis M̹ller & Henle, 1839: 40, pl. 19 (teeth). Holotype: RMNH D2582 (skin). Type locality: Ambon Island, Indonesia. Local synonymy: Carcharhinus zambezensis: Smith, 1952a: 857, fig. 1, pl.; Smith, 1952e: 6, fig. 1; Smith, 1953: 42, fig. 9. Carcharhinus leucas: Davies, 1964: 32, pl. 25 (in part). Carcharhinus amboinensis: D’Aubrey, 1964a: 40, pl. 22; Bass et al., 1973: 44, fig. 16; Garrick, 1982: 91, fig. 42; Compagno, 1984b: 461, fig.; Bass et al., 1986: 70, fig. 9.4; Cliff & Wilson, 1986: 15; Compagno, 1988a: 305; Compagno et al., 1989: 64, pl.; Compagno, 1999: 120; Heemstra & Heemstra, 2004: 59; Compagno et al., 2005: 291, fig., pl. 54; Ebert et al., 2013 a: 459, fig., pl. 70; NPOA, 2013: 40; da Silva et al., 2015: 246; Ebert & van Hees, 2015: 146; Weigmann, 2016: 854. South Africa voucher material: SAIAB 6241 [ex ORI 2360], SAIAB 6250 [ex ORI 769], SAIAB 57941, SAIAB 75556. South African distribution: Algoa Bay (EC) to northern KZN. Remarks: Although the species can be misidentified with C. leucas, it apparently occupies a slightly deeper habitat, from 30–60 m deep, and tends to avoid freshwater systems while C. leucas occurs generally in shallower waters (0–30 m) and utilizes rivers and estuaries (Bass et al., 1973). Conservation status: DD (2009)., Published as part of Ebert, David A., Wintner, Sabine P. & Kyne, Peter M., 2021, An annotated checklist of the chondrichthyans of South Africa, pp. 1-127 in Zootaxa 4947 (1) on page 61, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4947.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/4614567, {"references":["M ʾ ller, J. & Henle, F. G. J. (1839) s. n. In: Systematische Beschreibung der Plagiostomen. Plagiostomen, Berlin, pp. 29 - 102.","Smith, J. L. B. (1952 a) A new hound shark from South Africa, and new records. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Series 12, 5, 223 - 226. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222935208654285","Smith, J. L. B. (1952 e) We need information about sharks: anglers can help science. South African Angler, 6 (11), 6 - 7, 22.","Smith, J. L. B. (1953) The Sea Fishes of Southern Africa. 3 rd Edition. South Africa Central News Agency Ltd., 564 pp.","Davies, D. H. (1964) About Sharks and Shark Attack. Shuter & Shooter, Pietermaritzburg, 257 pp.","D'Aubrey, J. D. (1964 a) Preliminary guide to the sharks found off the east coast of South Africa. South African Association for Marine Biological Research, Oceanographic Research Institute, Investigational Report, 8, 1 - 95.","Bass, A. J., D'Aubrey, J. D. & Kistnasamy, N. (1973) Sharks of the east coast of southern Africa. I. The genus Carcharhinus (Carcharhinidae). Investigational Report. Oceanographic Research Institute, Durban, 33, 1 - 168.","Garrick, J. A. F. (1982) Sharks of the genus Carcharhinus. NOAA (National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration) Technical Report NMFS (National Marine Fisheries Service) Circular, 445, 1 - 194.","Compagno, L. J. V. (1984 b) FAO Species Catalogue. Sharks of the World. An Annotated and Illustrated Catalogue of Shark Species Known to Date. FAO Fisheries Synopsis. Vol. 4. No. 125. Part 2. Carcharhiniformes. FAO, Rome, pp. 251 - 655.","Bass, A. J. & Compagno, L. J. V. (1986) Families Echinorhinidae, Proscyllidae, Odontaspidiidae, Mitsukurinidae. In: Smith, M. M. & Heemstra, P. C. (Eds.), Smith's Sea Fishes. Macmillan, Johannesburg, pp. 63 + 103 + 104 - 105.","Cliff, G. & Wilson, R. B. (1986) Natal Sharks Board's Field Guide to Sharks and Other Marine Animals. Natal Sharks Board, Umhlanga Rocks, 57 pp.","Compagno, L. J. V. (1988 a) Sharks of the Order Carcharhiniformes. Princeton University Press, Princeton, New Jersey, 486 pp.","Compagno, L. J. V., Ebert, D. A. & Smale, M. J. (1989) Guide to the Sharks and Rays of Southern Africa. Struik Publishers, Cape Town, 158 pp.","Compagno, L. J. V. (1999) An overview of chondrichthyan systematics and biodiversity in southern Africa. Transactions of the Royal Society of South Africa, 54, 75 - 120. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00359199909520406","Heemstra, P. C. & Heemstra, E. (2004) Coastal Fishes of Southern Africa. National Inquiry Service Centre and South African Institute for Aquatic Biodiversity, Grahamstown, 488 pp.","Compagno, L., Dando, M. & Fowler, S. (2005) Field Guide to the Sharks of the World. Harper Collins Publishers Ltd, London, 368 pp.","Ebert, D. A., Fowler, S. & Compagno, L. J. V. (2013) Sharks of the World: A Fully Illustrated Guide to the Sharks of the World. Wild Nature Press, Plymouth, 528 pp.","NPOA. (2013) National Plan of Action for the Conservation and Management of Sharks (NPOA-Sharks). Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries (DAFF), Rogge Bay, Cape Town, 63 pp.","da Silva C., Booth, A. J., Dudley, S. F. J., Kerwath, S. E., Lamberth, S. J., Leslie, R. W., McCord, M. E., Sauer, W. H. H. & Zweig, T. (2015) A description and updated overview of the status and management of South Africa's chondrichthyan fisheries. South African Journal of Marine Science, 37, 233 - 248. https: // doi. org / 10.2989 / 1814232 X. 2015.1044471","Ebert, D. A. & van Hees, K. E. (2015) Beyond jaws: rediscovering the \" Lost Sharks \" of southern Africa. African Journal of Marine Science, 37, 141 - 156. https: // doi. org / 10.2989 / 1814232 X. 2015.1048730","Weigmann, S. (2016) Annotated checklist of the living sharks, batoids and chimaeras (Chondrichthyes) of the world, with a focus on biogeographical diversity. Journal of Fish Biology, 88, 837 - 1037. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / jfb. 12874"]}

Dipturus doutrei (Cadenat, 1960) Javelin Skate Raja doutrei Cadenat, 1960: 294, figs. 1–11, 13, 15. Lectotype: MNHN 1959-0041 [ex IFAN]. Type locality: Senegal. Local synonymy: Raja batis:? Hulley, 1966: 512 (Cape Columbine,? = Raja springeri). Raja doutrei: Hulley, 1970: 164, fig. 5, pl. 1b; Hulley, 1972a: 86, figs. 58–59; Hulley, 1986: 122, fig. 25.11; Stehmann, 1995: 36. Raja (Dipturus) doutrei: Compagno et al., 1989: 90, pl.; Compagno et al., 1991: 95; Ebert et al., 1991: 79. Dipturus doutrei: Compagno, 1999: 116; Compagno & Ebert, 2007: 137, fig. 6b; Ebert & Compagno, 2007: 119; Ebert et al., 2008: 87; Ebert, 2014: 60, fig. 84; Ebert, 2015: 176, fig. 196; Ebert & van Hees, 2015: 147; Last et al., 2016f: 21; Last et al., 2016g: 250, fig. 19.41; McEachran & Séret, 2016: 1389; Weigmann, 2016: 944. South Africa voucher material: Ebert et al. (2008) reported on a single specimen at SAM. South African distribution: West of Cape Town (WC) to southeastern Cape, south of Port Elizabeth (EC). Remarks: Several specimens of this uncommon skate were collected off Cape Town and examined, but none were retained. Conservation status: DD (2009)., Published as part of Ebert, David A., Wintner, Sabine P. & Kyne, Peter M., 2021, An annotated checklist of the chondrichthyans of South Africa, pp. 1-127 in Zootaxa 4947 (1) on page 79, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4947.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/4614567, {"references":["Cadenat, J. (1960) Notes d'ichtyologie ouest-africaine. XXVII. Raja doutrei, espece nouvelle des eaux profondes des cotes du Senegal. Bulletin de l'Institut Francais d'Afrique Noire (Ser A) Sciences Naturelles, 22 (1), 294 - 311.","Hulley, P. A. (1966) The validity of Raja rhizacanthus Regan and Raja pullopunctata Smith, based on a study of the clasper. Annals of the South African Museum, 48 (20), 497 - 514.","Hulley, P. A. (1970) An investigation of the Rajidae of the west and south coasts of southern Africa. Annals of the South African Museum, 55, 151 - 220.","Hulley, P. A. (1972 a) The origin, interrelationships and distribution of southern African Rajidae (Chondrichthyes, Batoidei). Annals of the South African Museum, 60, 1 - 103. https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 1442499","Hulley, P. A. (1986) Family Rajidae, Anacanthobatidae. In: Smith, M. M. & Heemstra, P. C. (Eds.), Smith's Sea Fishes. Macmillan, Johannesburg, pp. 115 - 128.","Stehmann, M. (1995) First and new records of skates (Chondrichthyes, Rajiformes, Rajidae) from the West African continental slope (Morocco to South Africa), with descriptions of two new species. Archiv f ̡ r Fischereiwissenschaft, 43 (1), 1 - 119.","Compagno, L. J. V., Ebert, D. A. & Smale, M. J. (1989) Guide to the Sharks and Rays of Southern Africa. Struik Publishers, Cape Town, 158 pp.","Compagno, L. J. V., Ebert, D. A. & Cowley, P. D. (1991) Distribution of offshore demersal cartilaginous fishes (class Chondrichthyes) of the west coast of southern Africa, with notes on their systematics. South African Journal of Marine Science, 11, 43 - 139. https: // doi. org / 10.2989 / 025776191784287664","Ebert, D. A., Cowley, P. D. & Compagno, L. J. V. (1991) A preliminary investigation of the feeding ecology of skates (Batoidea: Rajidae) off the west coast of southern Africa. South African Journal of Marine Science, 10, 71 - 81. https: // doi. org / 10.2989 / 02577619109504621","Compagno, L. J. V. (1999) An overview of chondrichthyan systematics and biodiversity in southern Africa. Transactions of the Royal Society of South Africa, 54, 75 - 120. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00359199909520406","Compagno, L. J. V. & Ebert, D. A. (2007) Southern African skate biodiversity and distribution. Environmental Biology of Fishes, 80, 125 - 145. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / s 10641 - 007 - 9243 - 4","Ebert, D. A., Compagno, L. J. V. & Cowley, P. D. (2008) Aspects on the reproductive biology of skates (Chondrichthyes: Rajiformes: Rajoidei) from southern African waters. ICES Journal of Marine Science, 65, 81 - 102. https: // doi. org / 10.1093 / icesjms / fsm 169","Ebert D. A. (2014) Deep-sea cartilaginous fishes of the Indian Ocean. Vol. 2. Batoids and chimaeras. FAO Species Catalogue for Fishery Purposes No. 8. Vol. 2. FAO, Rome, 129 pp.","Ebert, D. A. (2015) Deep-sea cartilaginous fishes of the Southeastern Atlantic Ocean. FAO Species Catalogue for Fishery Purposes No. 9. FAO, Rome, 251 pp.","Ebert, D. A. & van Hees, K. E. (2015) Beyond jaws: rediscovering the \" Lost Sharks \" of southern Africa. African Journal of Marine Science, 37, 141 - 156. https: // doi. org / 10.2989 / 1814232 X. 2015.1048730","Last, P. R., Weigmann, S. & Yang, L. (2016 f) Changes to the nomenclature of the skates (Chondrichthyes: Rajiformes). In: Last, P. R. & Yearsley, G. K. (Eds.), Rays of the World: Supplementary Information. CSIRO Australian National Fish Collection, Hobart, pp. 11 - 34.","Last, P. R., Seret, B., Stehmann, M. F. W. & Weigmann, S. (2016 g) Skates. Family Rajidae. In: Last, P. R., White, W. T., de Carvalho, M. E., Seret, B., Stehmann, M. F. W. & Naylor, G. J. P. (Eds.), Rays of the World. Cornell University Press, Ithaca, New York, pp. 204 - 363. https: // doi. org / 10.1071 / 9780643109148","Seret, B. (2016) Batoid fishes. Multiple families. In: Carpenter, K. E. & De Angelis, N. (Eds.), The Living Marine Resources of the Eastern Central Atlantic. Vol. 2. Bivalves, Gastropods, Hagfishes, Sharks, Batoid Fishes, and Chimaeras. FAO Species Identification Guide for Fishery Purposes. FAO, Rome, pp. 1337 - 1369, 1404 - 1433.","Weigmann, S. (2016) Annotated checklist of the living sharks, batoids and chimaeras (Chondrichthyes) of the world, with a focus on biogeographical diversity. Journal of Fish Biology, 88, 837 - 1037. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / jfb. 12874"]}

Electrolux addisoni Compagno & Heemstra, 2007 Ornate Sleeper Ray Electrolux addisoni Compagno & Heemstra, 2007: 22, fig. 1. Holotype: SAIAB 78777. Type locality: On reef off Manaba Beach, near Margate, southern KwaZulu-Natal, 30°51.4'S, 30°23.1'E, South Africa. Local synonymy: Heteronarce sp. nov.: Compagno, 1999: 116. Electrolux addisoni: Compagno & Heemstra, 2007: 22, fig. 1; Ebert & van Hees, 2015: 146; de Carvalho, 2016: 173, fig. 16.1; Weigmann, 2016: 912. South Africa voucher material: Holotype: SAIAB 78777. Paratype: SAM 36908. South African distribution: Endemic. Presently known off the KZN coast from Tee Barge to Coffee Bay (EC) (Compagno & Heemstra, 2007). Remarks: This relatively new genus and species has been known for years by divers along the KZN coast, but was not described until 2007. The known distribution of the species is only within a 310 km stretch of coastline and inside the 50 m isobath (Compagno & Heemstra, 2007). Conservation status: LC (2019). Genus Heteronarce Regan, 1921 Soft Sleeper Rays Heteronarce Regan, 1921: 414. Type species: Heteronarce garmani Regan, 1921, type by subsequent designation., Published as part of Ebert, David A., Wintner, Sabine P. & Kyne, Peter M., 2021, An annotated checklist of the chondrichthyans of South Africa, pp. 1-127 in Zootaxa 4947 (1) on page 70, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4947.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/4614567, {"references":["Compagno, L. J. V. & Heemstra, P. C. (2007) Electrolux addisoni, a new genus and species of electric ray from the east coast of South Africa (Rajiformes: Torpedinoidei: Narkidae), with a review of torpedinoid taxonomy. Smithiana, 7, 15 - 49.","Compagno, L. J. V. (1999) An overview of chondrichthyan systematics and biodiversity in southern Africa. Transactions of the Royal Society of South Africa, 54, 75 - 120. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00359199909520406","Ebert, D. A. & van Hees, K. E. (2015) Beyond jaws: rediscovering the \" Lost Sharks \" of southern Africa. African Journal of Marine Science, 37, 141 - 156. https: // doi. org / 10.2989 / 1814232 X. 2015.1048730","Seret, B. & de Carvalho, M. R. (2016) Sixgill stingrays. Family Hexatrygonidae. In: Last, P. R., White, W. T., de Carvalho, M. E., Seret, B., Stehmann, M. F. W. & Naylor, G. J. P. (Eds.), Rays of the World. Cornell University Press, Ithaca, New York, pp. 509 - 510. https: // doi. org / 10.1071 / 9780643109148","Weigmann, S. (2016) Annotated checklist of the living sharks, batoids and chimaeras (Chondrichthyes) of the world, with a focus on biogeographical diversity. Journal of Fish Biology, 88, 837 - 1037. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / jfb. 12874","Regan, C. T. (1921) New fishes from deepwater off the coast of Natal. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Series 9, 7 (41), 412 - 420. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222932108632540"]}

Rostroraja alba Lacepède, 1803 Spearnose Skate Raja alba Lacepède, 1803: 661, 663, Pl. 20 (Fig. 1). No types known. Type locality: France, La Manche /English Channel. Local synonymy: Raia marginata: Regan, 1908a: 242; Gilchrist & Thompson, 1916: 270; Barnard, 1925: 65, fig. 1, pl. 4; Clark, 1926: 47, pls. 28–30, 31a (South Africa); von Bonde, 1933: 41; von Bonde, 1934: 16; Barnard, 1947: 26, fig. 11, pl. 3. Raja marginata: Thompson, 1914: 158. Raia alba: von Bonde & Swart, 1923: 5; Smith, 1949a: 66, fig. 67; Smith, 1964: 285; Smith, 1965: 66, fig. 67. Raja alba: Norman, 1935: 37; Fowler, 1941: 365; Hulley, 1966: 497, fig. 8; Wallace, 1967a: 27, figs. 13–15; Hulley, 1969: 137; Hulley, 1970: 176, figs. 8a–c, pls. 5a–b; Hulley, 1972a: 86, figs. 58–59; Hulley, 1986: 119, fig. 25.6; Stehmann, 1995: 104. Raja (Rostroraja) alba: Compagno et al., 1989: 94, pl.; Compagno et al., 1991: 107; Ebert et al., 1991: 73. Rostroraja alba: Compagno, 1999: 117; Heemstra & Heemstra, 2004: 81; Compagno & Ebert, 2007: 141, fig. 7d; Ebert & Compagno, 2007: 121; Ebert et al., 2008: 96; NPOA, 2013: 53; da Silva et al., 2015: 247; Ebert & van Hees, 2015: 147; Last et al., 2016f: 24; Last et al., 2016g: 352, fig. 19.143; McEachran & Séret, 2016: 1403; Weigmann, 2016: 959. South Africa voucher material: SAIAB 7839, SAIAB 7840, SAIAB 7841, SAIAB 7854, SAIAB 7864, SAIAB 7881, SAIAB 8065, SAIAB 8531, SAIAB 10093, SAIAB 11152, SAIAB 11153, SAIAB 11927, SAIAB 12682, SAIAB 12835, SAIAB 13298, SAIAB 16424, SAIAB 25748, SAIAB 25969, SAIAB 26900, SAIAB 26901, SAIAB 26902, SAIAB 41538, SAIAB 41539, SAIAB 44247, SAIAB 48528, SAIAB 48529, SAIAB 189149, SAIAB 189150. South African distribution: The Orange River (NC) to Kosi Bay (KZN). Remarks: One of the largest known skates, growing up to 250 cm TL. The population in South Africa appears to be centered along the west coast to Algoa Bay. Conservation status: EN (2006)., Published as part of Ebert, David A., Wintner, Sabine P. & Kyne, Peter M., 2021, An annotated checklist of the chondrichthyans of South Africa, pp. 1-127 in Zootaxa 4947 (1) on page 87, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4947.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/4614567, {"references":["Lacepede, B. G. E. (1803) Histoire naturelle des poissons. 5, 1 - 803.","Regan, C. T. (1908 a) A collection of fishes from the coasts of Natal, Zululand and Cape Colony. Annals of the Natal Government Museum, 1 (3), 241 - 255.","Gilchrist, J. D. F. & Thompson, W. W. (1916) A catalogue of the sea fishes recorded from Natal. Part I. Annals of the Durban Museum, 1 (3), 255 - 290.","Barnard, K. H. (1925) A monograph of the marine fishes of South Africa. Part I (Amphioxus, Cyclostomata, Elasmobranchii, and Teleostei-Isospondyli to Heterosomata). Annals of the South African Museum, 21, 1 - 418.","Clark, R. S. (1926) Rays and skates. A revision of the European species. Fishery Board for Scotland, Scientific Investigations, 1, 1 - 66.","von Bonde, C. (1933) Report no 10 for the year ending December, 1932. Report of Fisheries and Marine Biological Survey for 1932, including lists of fishes, etc., lists of stations of the R. S. Africana, and salinity results obtained during 1932. Union of South Africa, Fisheries and Marine Biological Survey, Report, 10, 1933, 4 - 109.","von Bonde, C. (1934) Shark fishing as an industry. Union of South Africa, Department of Commerce and Industry, Fisheries and Marine Biological Survey, Investigational Report, Series 2, 1 - 19.","Barnard, K. H. (1947) A Pictorial Guide to South African Fishes. Marine and Freshwater. Maskew Miller Ltd, Cape Town, 226 pp.","Thompson, W. W. (1914) Catalogue of the fishes of the Cape Province (Pt 1). Marine Biological Report, Cape Town, 2 (8), 132 - 167.","von Bonde, C. & Swart, D. B. (1923) The Platosomia (skates and rays) collected by the S. S. \" Pickle \". University of South Africa, Fisheries and Marine Biological Survey Report, 3 (5), 1 - 22.","Smith, J. L. B. (1949 a) The Sea Fishes of Southern Africa. South Africa Central News Agency Ltd., 550 pp.","Smith, J. L. B. (1964) Fishes collected by Dr T. Mortenson off the coast of South Africa in 1929, with an account of the genus Cruriraja Bigelow & Schroeder, 1954 in South Africa. Videnskabelige Meddelelser fra Dansk Naturhistorisk Forening, 126, 283 - 300.","Smith, J. L. B. (1965) The Sea Fishes of Southern Africa. 5 th Edition. Central News Agency Ltd., 580 pp.","Norman, J. R. (1935) Coast fishes, Part. I. The South Atlantic. ' Discovery' Reports, 12, 1 - 58.","Fowler, H. W. (1941) The fishes of the groups Elasmobranchii, Holocephali, Isospondyli, and Ostarophysi obtained by the U. S. Bureau of Fisheries streamer \" Albatross \" in 1907 to 1910, chiefly in the Philippine Islands and adjacent seas. Bulletin United States National Museum, 100, 1 - 879.","Hulley, P. A. (1966) The validity of Raja rhizacanthus Regan and Raja pullopunctata Smith, based on a study of the clasper. Annals of the South African Museum, 48 (20), 497 - 514.","Wallace, J. H. (1967 a) The batoid fishes of the east coast of southern Africa. Part III: skates and electric rays. Investigational Report. Oceanographic Research Institute, Durban, 17, 1 - 62.","Hulley, P. A. (1969) The relationship between Raja miraletus Linnaeus and Raja ocellifera Regan based on a study of the clasper. Annals of the South African Museum, 52 (6), 137 - 147.","Hulley, P. A. (1970) An investigation of the Rajidae of the west and south coasts of southern Africa. Annals of the South African Museum, 55, 151 - 220.","Hulley, P. A. (1972 a) The origin, interrelationships and distribution of southern African Rajidae (Chondrichthyes, Batoidei). Annals of the South African Museum, 60, 1 - 103. https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 1442499","Hulley, P. A. (1986) Family Rajidae, Anacanthobatidae. In: Smith, M. M. & Heemstra, P. C. (Eds.), Smith's Sea Fishes. Macmillan, Johannesburg, pp. 115 - 128.","Stehmann, M. (1995) First and new records of skates (Chondrichthyes, Rajiformes, Rajidae) from the West African continental slope (Morocco to South Africa), with descriptions of two new species. Archiv f ̡ r Fischereiwissenschaft, 43 (1), 1 - 119.","Compagno, L. J. V., Ebert, D. A. & Smale, M. J. (1989) Guide to the Sharks and Rays of Southern Africa. Struik Publishers, Cape Town, 158 pp.","Compagno, L. J. V., Ebert, D. A. & Cowley, P. D. (1991) Distribution of offshore demersal cartilaginous fishes (class Chondrichthyes) of the west coast of southern Africa, with notes on their systematics. South African Journal of Marine Science, 11, 43 - 139. https: // doi. org / 10.2989 / 025776191784287664","Ebert, D. A., Cowley, P. D. & Compagno, L. J. V. (1991) A preliminary investigation of the feeding ecology of skates (Batoidea: Rajidae) off the west coast of southern Africa. South African Journal of Marine Science, 10, 71 - 81. https: // doi. org / 10.2989 / 02577619109504621","Compagno, L. J. V. (1999) An overview of chondrichthyan systematics and biodiversity in southern Africa. Transactions of the Royal Society of South Africa, 54, 75 - 120. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00359199909520406","Heemstra, P. C. & Heemstra, E. (2004) Coastal Fishes of Southern Africa. National Inquiry Service Centre and South African Institute for Aquatic Biodiversity, Grahamstown, 488 pp.","Compagno, L. J. V. & Ebert, D. A. (2007) Southern African skate biodiversity and distribution. Environmental Biology of Fishes, 80, 125 - 145. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / s 10641 - 007 - 9243 - 4","Ebert, D. A., Compagno, L. J. V. & Cowley, P. D. (2008) Aspects on the reproductive biology of skates (Chondrichthyes: Rajiformes: Rajoidei) from southern African waters. ICES Journal of Marine Science, 65, 81 - 102. https: // doi. org / 10.1093 / icesjms / fsm 169","NPOA. (2013) National Plan of Action for the Conservation and Management of Sharks (NPOA-Sharks). Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries (DAFF), Rogge Bay, Cape Town, 63 pp.","da Silva C., Booth, A. J., Dudley, S. F. J., Kerwath, S. E., Lamberth, S. J., Leslie, R. W., McCord, M. E., Sauer, W. H. H. & Zweig, T. (2015) A description and updated overview of the status and management of South Africa's chondrichthyan fisheries. South African Journal of Marine Science, 37, 233 - 248. https: // doi. org / 10.2989 / 1814232 X. 2015.1044471","Ebert, D. A. & van Hees, K. E. (2015) Beyond jaws: rediscovering the \" Lost Sharks \" of southern Africa. African Journal of Marine Science, 37, 141 - 156. https: // doi. org / 10.2989 / 1814232 X. 2015.1048730","Last, P. R., Weigmann, S. & Yang, L. (2016 f) Changes to the nomenclature of the skates (Chondrichthyes: Rajiformes). In: Last, P. R. & Yearsley, G. K. (Eds.), Rays of the World: Supplementary Information. CSIRO Australian National Fish Collection, Hobart, pp. 11 - 34.","Last, P. R., Seret, B., Stehmann, M. F. W. & Weigmann, S. (2016 g) Skates. Family Rajidae. In: Last, P. R., White, W. T., de Carvalho, M. E., Seret, B., Stehmann, M. F. W. & Naylor, G. J. P. (Eds.), Rays of the World. Cornell University Press, Ithaca, New York, pp. 204 - 363. https: // doi. org / 10.1071 / 9780643109148","Seret, B. (2016) Batoid fishes. Multiple families. In: Carpenter, K. E. & De Angelis, N. (Eds.), The Living Marine Resources of the Eastern Central Atlantic. Vol. 2. Bivalves, Gastropods, Hagfishes, Sharks, Batoid Fishes, and Chimaeras. FAO Species Identification Guide for Fishery Purposes. FAO, Rome, pp. 1337 - 1369, 1404 - 1433.","Weigmann, S. (2016) Annotated checklist of the living sharks, batoids and chimaeras (Chondrichthyes) of the world, with a focus on biogeographical diversity. Journal of Fish Biology, 88, 837 - 1037. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / jfb. 12874"]}

Genus Eridacnis Smith, 1913 Ribbontail Catsharks Eridacnis Smith, 1913: 599. Type species: Eridacnis radcliffei Smith, 1913. Type by original designation (also monotypic)., Published as part of Ebert, David A., Wintner, Sabine P. & Kyne, Peter M., 2021, An annotated checklist of the chondrichthyans of South Africa, pp. 1-127 in Zootaxa 4947 (1) on page 55, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4947.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/4614567, {"references":["Smith, H. M. (1913) Description of a new carcharioid shark from the Sulu Archipelago. Scientific results of the Philippine cruise of the Fisheries steamer \" Albatross, \" 1907 - 1910. No. 29. Proceedings of the United States National Museum, 45 (2003), 599 - 601. https: // doi. org / 10.5479 / si. 00963801.45 - 2003.599"]}

Pateobatis fai (Jordan & Seale, 1906) Pink Whipray Himantura fai Jordan & Seale, 1906: 184, fig. 2. Holotype: USNM 51712. Type locality: Apia, Upolu Island, Samoa. Local synonymy: Dasyatis purpureus [non Smith, A., 1841]: Wallace, 1967c: 50, fig. 24. Himantura sp.: Compagno & Heemstra, 1984: 4; Compagno, 1986: 140, fig. 30.11; Compagno et al., 1989: 106, pl. Himantura sp. near fai: Compagno, 1999: 117. Himantura fai: Ebert & van Hees, 2015: 147; Last et al., 2016h: 356; Last et al., 2016i: 600, fig. 25.71; Weigmann, 2016: 970. South Africa voucher material: SAIAB 7879 [former ORI B906], SAIAB 7887 [former ORI B649] (specimens accessioned as Pteroplatytrygon violacea). South African distribution: Durban to northern KZN. Remarks: A poorly known species in South African waters. It is very closely related to P. jenkinsii. Conservation status: VU (2016).