Search

Background Many researches about in ovo feeding (IOF) of vitamin C (VC) are gradually carried out to explore physiological development in chicken, but little studies focus on VC synthesis capacity of the embryo itself, the selection of injection site and the effectiveness of IOF of VC. This study aims to explore the above problems. Results Kidney and yolk sac were the main organs for VC synthesis and L-gulonolactone oxidase (GLO) expression was lower during pre-hatch development than that during post-hatch development. Sodium-dependent vitamin C transporter 1 (SVCT1) expression was increased continuously in yolk sac from embryonic age 19 (E19) to post-hatch day 1 (D1) and in intestine (duodenum, jejunum and ileum) from E17 to D1. Plasma VC content was higher at D1 than that at D21 and D42. IOF of VC significantly reduced GLO expression in liver, kidney and yolk sac as well as SVCT1 expression in duodenum, jejunum and ileum, but increased the VC content in plasma, brain, kidney and liver. In addition, IOF of VC obviously reduced the embryonic morality and increased the hatchability under heat stress. Conclusions This study suggested that IOF of VC at E11 in yolk was effective for embryonic VC supplementation. These findings provide a theoretical reference about the method of embryonic VC supplementation and effective methodology on embryonic VC nutrition in broiler chickens.

Traffic lines are transgenic stocks of Arabidopsis thaliana that contain a pair of linked seed-specific eGFP and DsRed markers. These stocks were originally developed for the purpose of studying recombination, but can also be used to follow the inheritance of unmarked chromosomes placed in trans to the marked chromosome. They are particularly useful for this latter purpose if the distance between markers is short, making double recombination within this interval relatively rare. We generated 163 traffic lines that cover the Arabidopsis genome in overlapping intervals of approximately 1.2 Mb (6.9 cM). These stocks make it possible to predict the genotype of a plant based on its seed fluorescence (or lack thereof) and facilitate many experiments in genetic analysis that are difficult, tedious, or expensive to perform using current techniques. Here, we show how these lines enable a phenotypic analysis of alleles with weak or variable phenotypes, genetic mapping of novel mutations, introducing transgenes into a lethal or sterile genetic background, and separating closely linked mutations.

In ovo feeding of vitamin C (VC) has positive effects on the growth performance, immune and antioxidant function in poultry, which indicates that increasing VC content in eggs may be of benefit. This study was to investigate the effects of dietary VC supplementation on VC synthesis and transportation and egg deposition. In Exp. 1, in order to select a suitable animal model, VC content was detected in different eggs from different layer species. Vitamin C content was lower in ISA Brown breeder eggs and Hy-Line Brown layer eggs (P

Among the many reasons to encourage enterprises to implement green innovation, external factors such as market mechanisms and policy regulation both have the greatest probability of failure. Therefore, the idea of exploring ways to promote green innovation from internal factors has gradually attracted attention. This study is based on an internal perspective to explore the relationship between board size, openness, and green innovation by using data from the heavily polluting enterprises listed in China’s A-share market from 2015 to 2020. The regression results show that board size has a significant positive impact on green innovation, and the openness breadth plays a partial mediating role. This indicates that more board members are conducive to the implementation of green innovation strategies, as well as expanding the innovation openness breadth, so as to obtain external knowledge and resources to promote green innovation. Through further heterogeneity analysis, we found that the above relationship is more significant in state-owned enterprises. Finally, this study provides new theoretical evidence for the debate over whether board size promotes or inhibits green innovation. Furthermore, it provides a path and practical guidance for enterprises to implement green innovation more effectively by relying on their directors’ networks and increasing their own openness.

Aortic aneurysm formation is associated with endothelial cells dysfunction through an undefined mechanism. Macrophage stimulating 1 (Mst1) and NF-κB signaling pathway have been found to be related to inflammation response in endothelial cell damage. The goal of our study is to explore the role of Mst1 in regulating endothelial cell viability with a focus on NF-κB signaling pathway and inflammation response. Endothelial cell viability and death were determined via immunofluorescence and ELISA. Agonist of NF-κB signaling pathway and siRNA against Mst1 were used. The results in our study demonstrated that Mst1 transcription and expression were significantly elevated after exposure to oxidative stress in endothelial cells. Once loss of Mst1 through transfection of siRNA (si-Mst1), endothelial cell viability and survival rate were rapidly increased in response to oxidative stress. In addition, we also found that Mst1 controlled inflammation response and mitochondrial function in endothelial cells. Re-activation of NF-κB signaling pathway was followed by an activation of inflammation response and mitochondrial dysfunction, as evidenced by increased expression of inflammation factors and decreased ATP synthesis. Altogether, our results identify Mst1 as the primary factors responsible for endothelial cells dysfunction in aneurysms formation through inducing inflammation response, endothelial apoptosis, and NF-κB signaling pathway activation.

The variable runoff generation layer concept is proposed based on the new understanding of hillslope hydrological experiments to address the problem of flash flood forecasting in hilly regions. This concept has expanded the depiction of interflow from soil horizon to soil-weathering bedrock interface and provided a unified description of the infiltration excess and the saturation excess runoff and their conversion mechanism by meticulously depicting the formation and development process of interflow. Based on the concept of variable generation layer and the theory of kinematic wave model, the calculation formulas of infiltration excess (Horton), saturation excess (Dunne) surface runoff, and interflow of the unit grid are derived. The nonlinear reservoir method, 2-d diffusion wave equation, and 1-d diffusion wave equation are applied to calculate the groundwater flow, the surface runoff routing, and channel flow routing separately, based on which established the variable runoff generation layer distributed hydrological model (VRGL). The VRGL model is applied to the Tunxi watershed, a typical humid watershed of the hilly region. 24 flood events ranging from 2010 to 2019 were studied, and the results showed that the relative error of the flood peak and the flood volume were both within ±20%, and the Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency (NSE) was around 0.84. It is indicated that the accuracy of the VRGL model is high enough for flash flood forecasting in hilly regions.

Owing to limitations imposed by the experimental requirements, it is difficult to carry out pressure-volume-temperature experiments on CO

The prevalence and transmission of vancomycin-resistant

The study compared the effects of selected proteins replacing fish meal in low-protein diets on piglets' growth performance, intestinal digestive physiology, and nitrogen digestion and metabolism. Five reduced CP, amino acid (AA)-supplemented diets containing 4% of either S50, HP300, concentrated degossypolized cottonseed protein (CDCP), P50, or fish meal were assigned to six pens with 11 pigs for a 28-day study period. Compared with fish meal, dietary proteins did not affect growth performance, apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of nutrients, serum hormone levels and biochemical parameters, apparent ileal digestibility (AID) of CP and most AA, colonic short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) contents, duodenal and ileal morphology, digestive enzyme activity, and pH in small intestine of piglets. However, HP300, CDCP, and P50 decreased (p < 0.05) fecal N excretion per weight gain. AID of Ile in S50 and HP300 and Glu in P50 were improved (p < 0.05), and AID of Gly in other proteins was reduced (p < 0.05). S50 and P50 lowered (p < 0.05) the contents of colonic isobutyric and isovaleric. S50 and HP300 reduced (p < 0.05) jejunal villus height. CDCP increased (p < 0.05) the pepsin activity in stomach. S50, HP300, and CDCP decreased (p < 0.05) pH in the proximal colon. Overall, the selected proteins could completely replace fish meal in low-protein diet without impairing piglets' growth via maintaining intestinal digestive physiology, and nitrogen digestion and metabolism.

The digestible energy (DE) and metabolizable energy (ME) content (Exp.1), and apparent or standardized ileal digestibility coefficients (AIDC or SIDC) of crude protein (CP) and amino acid (AA) (Exp.2) in Soyppt-50% (S50), Hamlet Protein 300, (HP300), concentrated degossypolized cottonseed protein (CDCP), Palbio 50 RD (P50) and fish meal fed to piglets were estimated. In Exp.1, 36 barrows (10.19 ± 1.35 kg BW) were randomly divided into 6 diets with 6 pigs per diet. A basal diet and 5 diets containing 800 g/kg basal diet and 200 g/kg of each test protein ingredient were prepared. In Exp.2, 38 barrows (12.61 ± 1.45 kg BW) were randomly allotted to 1 of 6 diets with 6 pigs except for N-free diet (n = 8). 5 diets containing each of test protein ingredient as the sole source of AA and a N-free diet were formulated. At the end of the trial, ileal digesta of each pig was collected using the slaughter method. Results indicated that S50 contained more DE (16.28 MJ/kg) (P

The Modular Multilevel Converter (MMC) is considered one of the most promising approaches in the field of High Voltage Direct Current (HVDC) transmission. Aim at the unbalance of capacitors voltage of sub-modules (SMs) and the defect of conventional sorting capacitors voltage balancing strategy in switching frequency, an optimized sorting capacitors voltage balancing strategy based on dynamic threshold has been proposed in this paper. Firstly, the topology and operation principle of MMC were analyzed. The superiority was shown by comparative analysis of the conventional sorting capacitors voltage balancing strategy and the optimized sorting capacitors voltage balancing strategy based on dynamic threshold next. The dynamic threshold that obtained through the closed-loop control of capacitors voltage unbalance factor can help to reduce the switching loss. Finally, a simulation verification carried out in Matlab/Simulink shown that the proposed optimized strategy can reduce the switching frequency while limiting the capacitor voltage unbalance factor in a feasible range.

In order to improve the cruising range of electric bus, this paper studies the deadbeat current prediction vector control system of axial flux permanent magnet synchronous motor (AFPMSM) for electric bus based on the optimal torque distribution method. Firstly, the mathematical model of the three stators-double rotors AFPMSM is established. Secondly, in order to improve the high efficiency range, the efficiency optimal torque distribution method is proposed based on the average torque distribution method and the back propagation (BP) neural network is used to find the optimal torque distribution method. Then a current control strategy based on deadbeat current prediction control is proposed to improve the torque tracking characteristics. Finally, a drive control system is developed for the proposed control strategy, and experimental research and vehicle testing are carried out. The experimental results show that the BP neural network-based torque distribution method designed in this paper increases the high efficiency range of the drive system and improves the cruising range of the electric bus. The drive system using a current controller based on deadbeat current prediction control exhibits good dynamic and steady state performance.

Over the last 27 years (1990-2017), based on the revolutionary progresses of basic nutrition research, novel methods and techniques have been developed which bring a profound technological revolution to pig production from free-range system to intensive farming all over the world. Basic theoretical innovations and feed production studies have provided vital advancements in pig nutrition by developing formula feed, utilizing balanced diets, determining feed energy value, dividing pig physiological stages, enhancing gut health, and improving feed processing technique. Formula feed is the primary contributor of the rise of the mechanized farming industry, and meets comprehensive nutritional needs of the pig. The focuses of the development of a balanced diet by optimizing nutrient levels are the amino acids balance, the balance between amino acids and energy, the balance between calcium and phosphorus. Multiple-site-production and targeted feeding program have been applied extensively. Early weaning of piglets improves production efficiency, but piglets that have not yet fully developed their intestine are prone to diarrhea. Therefore, intestinal health has received special attention in recent years. Feed processing technologies, such as granulation, puffing, fermentation and enzymatic hydrolysis, can improve the utilization of feed nutrients and reduce production cost. However, increasing a sow's potential for production, seeking alternatives to antibiotics, reducing drug treatment in piglets, developing functional additives and improving meat quality remain future challenges. Herein, we outline the important progresses of pig nutrition in the past 27 years, which will shed light on the basic nutrition rules of pig production, and help to push forward its future development. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry.

SUPPRESSOR OF PHYB-4#5DOMINANT (sob5-D) was previously identified as a suppressor of the phyB-4 long-hypocotyl phenotype in Arabidopsis thaliana. Overexpression of SOB5 conferred dwarf phenotypes similar to those observed in plants containing elevated levels of cytokinin (CK) nucleotides and nucleosides. Two SOB-FIVE- LIKE (SOFL) proteins, AtSOFL1 and AtSOFL2, which are more similar at the protein level to each other than they are to SOB5, conferred similar phenotypes to the sob5-D mutant when overexpressed. We used protein sequences of founding SOFL gene family members to perform database searches and identified a total of 289 SOFL homologs in genomes of 89 angiosperm species. Phylogenetic analysis results implied that the SOFL gene family emerged during the expansion of angiosperms and later evolved into four distinct clades. Among the newly identified gene family members are four previously unreported Arabidopsis SOFLs. Multiple sequence alignment of the 289 SOFL protein sequences revealed two highly conserved domains; SOFL-A and SOFL-B. We used overexpression and site-directed mutagenesis studies to demonstrate that SOFL domains are necessary for SOB5 and AtSOFL1’s overexpression phenotypes. Examination of the subcellular localization patterns of founding Arabidopsis thaliana SOFLs suggested they may be localized in the cytoplasm and/or the nucleus. Overall, we report that SOFLs are a plant-specific gene family characterized by two conserved domains that are important for function.

Flood extremes, affected by climate change and intense human activities, exhibit non-stationary characteristics. As a result, the stationarity assumption of traditional flood frequency analysis (FFA) cannot be satisfied. Generally, the impacts of human activities, especially water conservancy projects (i.e., reservoirs), on extreme flood series are much greater than those of climate change; therefore, new FFA methods must be developed to address the non-stationary flood extremes associated with large numbers of reservoirs. In this study, a new sample reconstruction method is proposed to convert the reservoir-influenced annual maximum flow (AMF) series from non-stationary to stationary, thus warranting the feasibility of the traditional FFA approach for non-stationary cases. To be more specifically, a modified reservoir index (MRI(t)) is proposed and the original non-stationary AMF series are converted to stationary series by multiplying by a scalar factor 1/(1 − MRI(t)), and thus traditional FFA can be adopted. Besides, Bayesian theory was applied to analyze the effect of uncertainty on the designed reconstructed AMF. As an example, the proposed method was applied to observations from Huangzhuang station located on the Hanjiang River. The original AMF observations from Huangzhuang displayed nonstationarity for the continuous construction of reservoirs in the basin. After applying the new method of sample reconstruction, the original AMF observations became stationary, and the designed AMFs were estimated using the reconstructed series and compared with those estimated based on the original observation series. In addition, Bayesian theory is adopted to quantify the uncertainty of designed reconstructed AMF and provide the expectation of the sampling distribution.

Magnolol rich in Magnolia officinalis is a bioactive polyphenolic compound. The aim of this study was to examine the effects of magnolol additive (MA) on growth performance, expression levels of antioxidant-related genes, and intestinal mucosal morphology of Linwu ducks aged from 49 to 70 days, comparing with that of an antibiotic additive (colistin sulfate [CS]). A total of 275, 49-day-old ducks were assigned to 5 groups with 5 cages of 11 ducks each and fed diets supplemented with 0, 100, 200 and 300 mg of MA/kg and 300 mg of CS/kg for 3 weeks, respectively. The results showed that the average daily body weight gain (ADG) was increased significantly in MA-fed groups (200 and 300 mg/kg), compared with the basal diet (BD) group (P

In this paper, a new sensorless control scheme with the injection of a high-frequency square-wave voltage of an interior permanent-magnet synchronous motor (IPMSM) at low- and zero-speed operation is proposed. Conventional schemes may face the problems of obvious current sampling noise and slow identification in the process of magnetic polarity detection at zero speed operation, and the effects of inverter voltage error on the rotor position estimation accuracy at low speed operation. Based on the principle analysis of d-axis magnetic circuit characteristics, a method for determining the direction of magnetic polarity of d-axis two-opposite DC voltage offset by uninterruptible square-wave injection is proposed, which is fast in convergence rate of magnetic polarity detection and more distinct. In addition, the strategy injects a two-opposite high-frequency square-wave voltage vectors other than the one voltage vector into the estimated synchronous reference frame (SRF), which can reduce the effects of inverter voltage error on the rotor position estimation accuracy. With this approach, low-pass filter (LPF) and band-pass filter (BPF), which are used to obtain the fundamental current component and high-frequency current response with rotor position information respectively in the conventional sensorless control, are removed to simplify the signal process for estimating the rotor position and further improve control bandwidth. Finally, the experimental results on an IPMSM drive platform indicate that the rotor position with good steady state and dynamic performance can be obtained accurately at low-and zero-speed operation with the sensorless control strategy.

Due to the increase of human indoor activity time, indoor positioning technology attracts more and more researchers. This paper presents an orientation-independent indoor magnetic localization methodology for mobile phone. Unlike the existing method, the localization method proposed in this paper is not affected by phone posture or heading. Through coordinate transformation and sensor ellipsoid fitting correction, an invariable horizontal-vertical model fingerprint of specific location can be acquired. With the assistance of particle filter, an indoor positioning method with 0 ~ 1.2 m accuracy can be realized from any start position. Compared with existing methods, this method has higher practicability and accuracy

The comfort of the indoor environment greatly affects the work efficiency of the personnel. Although “sensation” is a fuzzy conceptualization of ‘satisfaction with the thermal environment’, it is frequently used as a measure for evaluating thermal comfort. Therefore, this is an innovation that the fuzzy rule classifier is used for modeling the thermal prediction based on the ambiguity of the data itself. This paper applies the fuzzy rule classifier to model the thermal prediction based on the PR-821 dataset. The simulation results show that the model has over-fitting but it can be solved by processing the data by SMOTEENN algorithm. The prediction accuracy of the improved model is greatly improved. Compared with other algorithms (CART, C4.5, Adaboost), the results show that the fuzzy rule classifier has a better predictive effect on thermal sensation.

The observation of groundwater quality elements is essential for understanding the classification and distribution of drinking water. Geographic Information System (GIS) and remote sensing (RS), are intensive tools for the performance and analysis of spatial datum associated with groundwater sources control. In this study, groundwater quality parameters were observed in three different aquifers including: sandstone, alluvium and basalt. These aquifers are the primary source of national drinking water and partly for agricultural activity in El Faw, El Raha (Fw-Rh), El Qalabat and El Quresha (Qa-Qu) localities in the southern part of Gedaref State in eastern Sudan. The aquifers have been overworked intensively as the main source of indigenous water supply in the study area. The interpolation methods were used to demonstrate the facies pattern and Drinking Water Quality Index (DWQI) of the groundwater in the research area. The GIS interpolation tool was used to obtain the spatial distribution of groundwater quality parameters and DWQI in the area. Forty samples were assembled and investigated for the analysis of major cations and anions. The groundwater in this research is controlled by sodium and bicarbonate ions that defined the composition of the water type to be Na HCO3. However, from the plots of piper diagram, the samples result revealed (40%) Na-Mg-HCO3 and (35%) Na-HCO3 water types. The outcome of the analysis reveals that several groundwater samples have been found to be suitable for drinking purposes in Fa-Rh and Qa-Qu areas.

We have developed an environmentally benign and practical protocol for the synthesis of pyrrolo[1,2- a ]quinoxalines, which represent ubiquitous structural units common to a number of biologically active compounds. This synthetic system features simple operation and using clean oxidant, as well as mild reaction conditions. Both aromatic and aliphatic aldehydes can be used for the reaction and the products were obtained in good to excellent yields.

Developing seedlings are well equipped to alter their growth in response to external factors in order to maximize their chances of survival. SUPPRESSOR OF PHYTOCHROME B4-#3 (SOB3) and other members of the AT-HOOK MOTIF CONTAINING NUCLEAR LOCALIZED (AHL) family of transcription factors modulate the development of Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) by repressing hypocotyl elongation in young seedlings growing in light. However, the molecular mechanism behind how AHLs influence seedling development is largely unknown. We have identified genes associated with auxin-mediated hypocotyl elongation as downstream targets of SOB3. We found that YUCCA8 (YUC8) as well as members of the SMALL AUXIN UP-REGULATED RNA19 (SAUR19) subfamily were down-regulated in the short-hypocotyl, gain-of-function SOB3-D mutant and up-regulated in the dominant-negative, tall-hypocotyl sob3-6 mutant. SOB3-D and sob3-6 hypocotyls also exhibited altered sensitivity to the polar auxin transport inhibitor N-1-napthylphthalamic acid, suggesting a critical connection between auxin and the modulation of seedling elongation by SOB3. Finally, we found that overexpression of GREEN FLUORESCENT PROTEIN-SAUR19 in the SOB3-D line partially rescued defects in hypocotyl elongation, and SOB3 bound directly to the promoters of YUC8 and SAUR19 subfamily members. Taken together, these data indicate that SOB3 modulates hypocotyl elongation in young seedlings by directly repressing the transcription of genes associated with auxin signaling.

The Modular Multilevel Converter (MMC) is one of the most attractive converter topologies in the High Voltage Direct Current (HVDC) transmission field. The latest widely used sorting method has a low algorithm complexity. It can effectively balance the sub-module (SM) capacitor voltages, but it would cause relatively high switching frequency and power loss. Aiming at the problem that the sub-module (SM) capacitor voltage sorting algorithm has a large switching loss due to the high switching frequency of the device, this paper proposes an auto-optimized capacitor voltage balancing control strategy. Firstly, the topology and operation principle of MMC are analyzed. Secondly, a SM capacitor voltage control method based on the dynamic deviation threshold is proposed. Considering the switch switching state of the SM and the difference between the voltages of each SM, the algorithm can obtain the dynamic deviation valve using the closed-loop control. The method can avoid the unnecessary repeated switching of the Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistor (IGBT) under the premise of ensuring that the capacitance voltages of the SMs are basically the same, which effectively result in reducing the switching frequency of the MMC SM and reducing the switching loss, thereby improving the operating efficiency of the system. Finally aiming at the proposed control strategy, the simulation and experimental verification are carried out which shows that the proposed algorithm can better control the system voltage deviation, reduce the switching loss of the system and improve the stability of the system.

This paper proposes a fault diagnosis and fault-tolerant control method for a system with a fast time-varying delay and time-varying parameters. A fault observer is designed to estimate faults, and an improved fast adaptive fault estimation (FAFE) algorithm is developed to reduce the relevant constraints in the general form of this algorithm. With newly introduced relaxation matrices, this study estimates faults in a system exhibiting a fast time-varying delay. Based on the estimated faults, an output feedback controller is designed to accommodate the faults. The fault-tolerant control is realized using the introduced relaxation matrices. An algorithm is derived to solve for the observer and controller. Finally, the theory and method are validated using a real example of a helicopter system.

Aiming at the function and technical requirements of high-power photovoltaic cell simulation, high-performance programmable logic power supply and dc motor simulation, a high frequency isolation hybrid topology and control strategy based on current-source/voltage-source converter was studied and proposed. Firstly, according to the performance requirements of photovoltaic cell analog power supply, the control strategy requirements of the high-precision wide-range hybrid topology were proposed. Secondly, the working principle of the new hybrid topology was analyzed. At the same time, the equivalent model of the new hybrid topology was simplified and established, and the overall control strategy of the hybrid topology based on current compensation and sliding mode variable structure was proposed. Finally, simulation and experimental research on the hybrid topology was carried out, and the experimental test of photovoltaic cell simulation was completed. The simulation and experimental results show that the hybrid topology and control strategy proposed in this paper has the characteristics of wide-range output regulation, fast dynamic response, high efficiency and high power factor, and can be used for high performance photovoltaic cell simulation, programmable logic power supply and DC motor simulation.

In this paper, a data-driven power transformer anomaly detection method is presented. For transformers with multiple working states and nonlinearity of data, adaptive kernel fuzzy C-means clustering (KFCM) algorithm is used to cluster sample data, each class corresponds to a working state. Then, the kernel principal component analysis (KPCA) is used to obtain projection matrices and anomaly detection limits of various classes. A method for online update of sample data is designed in this paper. Finally, the measured data of the power transformer is used for experiment, and the results are compared with the results obtained by using the conventional KPCA algorithm. The experimental results prove the correctness and effectiveness of the method in this paper.

Gradient descent optimization algorithm is very important in deep learning. In order to obtain a more stable convergence process and reduce overfitting in multiple epochs, we propose an improved Adagrad gradient descent optimization algorithm in this paper. Our approach is tested both on the Reuters dataset and the IMDB dataset with many gradient descent optimization algorithms. The results show that our approach has a more stable convergence process and can reduce overfitting in multiple epochs.

LED visible light communication indoor positioning method based on the mobile phone at any horizontal orientation angle. The system includes a single LED downlight, a mobile phone orientation sensor, a mobile phone front single camera and a positioning system. The steps include: the orientation sensor of the handset is used to measure the orientation of the handset in the horizontal direction; the developed camera is used to call the front camera of the handset to record the LED downlight image; and the image is processed and decoded to obtain the ID information of the LED downlight, which is the three-dimensional position coordinates information of the downlight in the indoor space. Take the previously obtained information including the handset horizontal orientation and downlight ID information into the developed indoor positioning method to obtain the real-time accurate position of the mobile phone. The positioning method is simple and easy to operate. The mobile phone can be accurately positioned in real time at any horizontal orientation angle just by using the front camera of mobile phone in the case of just a single LED downlight. This method overcomes the problem that even if the position of the camera is kept unchanged, the positioning result of the mobile phone is different due to the difference of the horizontal orientation of the mobile phone. This method is more feasible and accurate.

As technology advances, wireless charging system of electric vehicles(EVs) based on magnetic resonance becomes prevalent. A novel parameter identification method of primary side compensation capacitance and coil inductance in wireless charging system is proposed. According to the typical resonance equivalent circuit of wireless charging system, current effective value equation of primary side is established. And then, based on the current effective value equation, input signal frequency constraint equation of current extremum is established. By detecting primary side real-time current and using Fourier transform on primary side transient current waveform, two characteristic quantities are extracted. Finally, unknown parameters (primary side capacitance and inductance) in both equations are identified utilizing the adaptive particle swarm optimization. The simulation results show that the method proposed is feasible and the identification accuracy is high.

Most state-of-the-art anomaly detection methods are specific to detecting anomaly for pedestrians and cannot work without adequate normal training videos. Recently, there is a growing demand for detecting anomalous vehicles in traffic surveillance videos. However, the biggest challenge in this task is the lack of labeled datasets for training supervised models. By examining the resemblances of anomalous vehicles, we find it reasonable to label a vehicle as anomaly if it stays still in the video for a relatively long time. Utilizing this property, in this paper we introduce a novel unsupervised anomaly detection method for traffic surveilliance based on background modeling, which shows great potentials in handling heterogeneous scenes as well as extremely low resolution videos recordings without the dependence on labeled data. In the proposed system, we first employ background modeling using MOG2 to remove the moving vehicles as foreground while keeping the stopped vehicles as part of the background. Then we use Faster R-CNN to detect vehicles in the extracted background and decide if they are new anomalies under certain conditions. All information is updated on a frame basis until the end of the video which contains the final results. In this way, we make full use of the characteristics that abnormal vehicles stay in the scene for a relatively long time and reduce the difficulty of vehicle anomaly detection. Eventually, we can detect almost every anomaly in the NVIDIA AI CITY CHALLENGE track-2 dataset except for several extremely complex cases with a 81.08% F1-score and 10.2369 RMSE.

A collective asymmetric total synthesis of lundurines A–C using l-pyroglutamic acid derived from the chiral pool is described. The key steps include a tandem reductive amination/lactamization sequence to introduce the pyrrolidinone ring, a palladium-catalyzed intramolecular direct C–H vinylation of indole to construct the crucial polyhydroazocine ring, and a Lewis acid promoted formal [3 + 2] cycloaddition/N2 extrusion process to install the polysubstituted cyclopropyl ring.

SUPPRESSOR OF PHYB-4#5DOMINANT (sob5-D) was previously identified as a suppressor of the phyB-4 long-hypocotyl phenotype in Arabidopsis thaliana. Overexpression of SOB5 conferred dwarf phenotypes similar to those observed in plants containing elevated levels of cytokinin (CK) nucleotides and nucleosides. Two SOB-FIVE- LIKE (SOFL) proteins, AtSOFL1 and AtSOFL2, which are more similar at the protein level to each other than they are to SOB5, conferred similar phenotypes to the sob5-D mutant when overexpressed. We used protein sequences of founding SOFL gene family members to perform database searches and identified a total of 289 SOFL homologs in genomes of 89 angiosperm species. Phylogenetic analysis results implied that the SOFL gene family emerged during the expansion of angiosperms and later evolved into four distinct clades. Among the newly identified gene family members are four previously unreported Arabidopsis SOFLs. Multiple sequence alignment of the 289 SOFL protein sequences revealed two highly conserved domains; SOFL-A and SOFL-B. We used overexpression and site-directed mutagenesis studies to demonstrate that SOFL domains are necessary for SOB5 and AtSOFL1’s overexpression phenotypes. Examination of the subcellular localization patterns of founding Arabidopsis thaliana SOFLs suggested they may be localized in the cytoplasm and/or the nucleus. Overall, we report that SOFLs are a plant-specific gene family characterized by two conserved domains that are important for function.

During mammalian development, some methylated cytosines (5mC) in CG dinucleotides are iteratively oxidized by TET dioxygenases to 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC), 5-formylcytosine (5fC), and 5-carboxylcytosine (5caC). The effect of these cytosine oxidative products on the sequence-specific DNA binding of transcription factors is being actively investigated. Here, we used the electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA) to examine C/EBPα and C/EBPβ homodimers binding to all 25 chemical forms of a CG dinucleotide for two DNA sequences: the canonical C/EBP 8-mer TTGC|GCAA and the chimeric C/EBP|CRE 8-mer TTGC|GTCA. 5hmC in the CG dinucleotide in the C/EBP|CRE motif 8-mer TGAC|GCAA inhibits binding of C/EBPβ but not C/EBPα. Binding was increased by 5mC, 5fC and 5caC. Circular dichroism monitored thermal denaturations for C/EBPβ bound to the C/EBP|CRE motif confirmed the EMSA. The structural differences between C/EBPα and C/EBPβ that may account for the difference in binding 5hmC in the 8-mer TGAC|GCAA are explored.

The methane uptakes of six double halogen substituted covalent organic frameworks (COFs) based on COF-102 were simulated with grand canonical Monte Carlo simulation at 298 K and pressure ranges from 1 to 80 bar. The simulation shows that COF-102-1,4-2I reaches the DOE target of 180 V(STP)/V for methane delivery. The current study highlights the correlation between the structure and the adsorption property of the double halogen substituted COF-102. In COF-102-1,4-2I, the triangle arrangement of the six I atoms around the central B3O3 ring brings close contact between I atom and B3O3 ring, and thus enhances the attraction of CH4 with high CH4 density in the vicinity above and below this region, especially in particular adsorption sites. Such favorable structural arrangement, altogether with the strongest I–CH4 attraction among the halogen substituent in this study, gives the highest isosteric heat as well as the CH4 uptakes at 298 K and 35 bar in the hypobaric region. The result in this study demonstrates t...

The three-phase current source inverter has the characteristics of accurate current control, high dynamic response speed and strong current limiting ability, and the DC side voltage can be adjusted from zero. In this paper, the three-phase current source inverter topology is studied, the mathematical model of the converter is established in the three-phase static coordinate system and two-phase rotating coordinate system, and get the equivalent circuit in two coordinates. The current modulation method including SPWM and SVPWM is studied. A new type of system control strategy based on two-phase rotating coordinate system is proposed. The simulation model of the whole system is established by PSIM. The results show that the proposed new control strategy is correct and feasible.

Taking double stage type three phase photovoltaic grid-connected generation system as the research object, the equivalent model of photovoltaic cells, the maximum power point tracking (MPPT) technology and the control strategy of three-phase grid connected inverter are analyzed in this paper. On the basis of the theoretical analysis, the double closed-loop vector control of the double stage type three-phase grid-connected inverter and the MPPT method based on T-S fuzzy neural network are studied deeply, and the relevant simulation and experimental research are carried out. The experimental results show that the new grid-connected control strategy can make the grid-connected system run with high power factor, high efficiency and low total harmonic distortion, and the grid-to-network voltage and current distortion is low, which proves the effectiveness and feasibility of the control strategy.

With the popularity of the concept of green energy, reducing the harmonic pollution of power equipment to power grid has become an important research topic in the field of power electronics. This paper takes three-phase current-source PWM rectifier system as the research object, and it presents a current-source PWM pulse signal tri-logic control method, and puts forward a pre-modulation method. Then the topology of the system is studied and a new equivalent model is proposed. After that the closed-loop control strategy of the system is studied, and a PI tuning method is obtained. Finally, the control strategy is simulated by PSIM and the experimental platform is set up for experimental verification.

A chemoselective N-arylation reaction of 2-aminopyridine derivatives with arynes in good to excellent yields has been described. The N-arylation products could be further applied to the facile construction of benzoisoquinuclidines and isoquinuclidines as well as pyrido[1,2-a]benzimidazoles.

The visualization of large networks is a challenging problem due to the limitation of human visual perception. Sampling technology is an essential strategy in most of large network visualization and analysis. Moreover, when we consider large heterogeneous networks consisting various types of nodes and links, which has attracted much attention from multiple disciplines, it is much more difficult for users to explore and mine some useful information in such complex networks. Thus to design sampling methods for large heterogeneous network visualization has become a challenge. However, most of existing sampling methods ignore the types of nodes and links, hence they could not be used for heterogeneous network directly. In this paper, we propose an eigenvector centrality based sampling method considering both multiple types of nodes and links, supporting sampling the heterogeneous networks directly and efficiently. Furthermore, we develop HeteVis, a prototype visualization system with the proposed sampling algorithm built-in. The parameters of HeteVis can be dynamically personalized through user interactions and such system can help users to explore real large heterogeneous networks easily and flexibly. Extensive case study using the UCI KDD Movie network demonstrates how users can apply HeteVis to explore the heterogeneous networks.

Three oxidative products of 5-methylcytosine (5mC) occur in mammalian genomes. We evaluated if these cytosine modifications in a CG dinucleotide altered DNA binding of four B-HLH homodimers and three heterodimers to the E-Box motif CGCAG|GTG. We examined 25 DNA probes containing all combinations of cytosine in a CG dinucleotide and none changed binding except for carboxylation of cytosine (5caC) in the strand CGCAG|GTG. 5caC enhanced binding of all examined B-HLH homodimers and heterodimers, particularly the Tcf3|Ascl1 heterodimer which increased binding ∼10-fold. These results highlight a potential function of the oxidative products of 5mC, changing the DNA binding of sequence-specific transcription factors.