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Guinea pig polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs) possess two distinct types of Fc gamma receptor (Fc gamma R): Fc gamma 1/gamma 2R for both IgG1 and IgG2, and Fc gamma 2R for IgG2 alone. The Fc gamma 2R was previously shown to differ antigenically from homologous macrophage (M phi) Fc gamma 2R by the use of a monoclonal antibody to M phi Fc gamma 2R (VIIAI IgG1), though the Fc gamma 1/gamma 2R cross-reacts with a monoclonal antibody to homologous M phi Fc gamma 1/gamma 2R (VIA2 IgG1). Recently, we obtained a monoclonal antibody (MP-2) secreted by a hybridoma prepared by fusion of the splenic cells of mice immunized with guinea pig PMNs with a myeloma cell line. This antibody completely inhibited both the Fc gamma 2R-mediated rosette formation of PMNs with IgG2 antibody-sensitized sheep erythrocytes and the Fc gamma 2R-mediated binding of ovalbumin (OA)-complexed IgG2 antibody to PMNs. When the antigen of MP-2 was isolated by affinity chromatography with the antibody-Sepharose, it gave a single band with a molecular weight of 120,000 on SDS-PAGE. The number of antigen molecules per PMN was estimated to be 9 X 10(4) by measuring the binding of 125I-MP-2 Fab. This value was essentially the same as that obtained by measuring the binding of OA-complexed IgG2 antibody to the PMNs treated with the Fab' of VIA2 IgG1. These results strongly suggest that MP-2 is a monoclonal antibody to PMN Fc gamma 2R.

Occasionally, rescuers are confronted with a hard situation to establish tracheal intubation compared with doctors in the anesthetic room. Especially in the confined space, the tracheal intubation must enter technical difficulties with any supporting device. This may be caused by the fact that there was no device developed specially from a standpoint in the clinical emergency use.

The methanol extract of Rubia cordifolia afforded two new naphthoquinones, 2-carbamoyl-3-methoxy-1,4- naphthoquinone and 2-carbamoyl-3-hydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinone, isolated along with a known naphthoquinone and naphthohydroquinone and six known anthraquinones. The structures of the new compounds were determined on the basis of spectroscopic data and direct comparisons with synthetic compounds.

A new anthraquinone, 5-hydroxy-1,2-methylenedioxyanthraquinone, along with three known anthraquinones, damnacanthal, juzunol, and damnacanthol, and four artificial anthraquinones were isolated from the rhizomes of Damnacanthus indicus grown in Japan. The new anthraquinone was characterized as 5-hydroxy-1,2-methylenedioxyanthraquinone by comparison its methyl ether with synthetic 5-methoxy-1,2-methylenedioxyanthraquinone.

Synthesis of optically active sesquiterpene alkaloids, patchoulipyridine and related compounds, was accomplished by application of a method for constructing cycloalkenopyridines by thermal rearrangement of O-2-butenyloximes.

A 2.6-in. M-LCD DTV display with 1920 × 1080 pixels has been developed using 400-mobility Continuous-Grain-Silicon CGS technology. An 8-bit monolithic digital data driver with a new D/A converter achieves 256 gray-scale levels. High-mobility and low-threshold voltage TFTs support 80-MHz data rates at 5 V.

We have developed a VGA poly-Si TFT-LCD with integrated drivers using low-temperature (below 600°C) poly-Si to realize a high-performance and high-resolution liquid crystal panel for PDA (personal digital assistants). By the development of high-performance TFT, 10V operation voltage, 80% display area ratio and 300 contrast were achieved.

A 2.6-inch TFT-LCD with 1920 × 1080 pixels which conforms to full advanced TV (ATV) format has been developed. An 8-bit digital data driver with digital-to-analog converters (DACs), which can realize 256 level gray scale, has been integrated in monolithic driver. In addition, the circuit using the high mobility and low threshold voltage TFTs can operate directly on 80 MHz digital video data with 5 V supply voltage.

Analytical results for propagation Iosses of guided modes in a graded-index slab waveguide (GISW) with metal cladding are presented. When the permittivity in the guiding layer decreases linearly away from the metal surface, the attenuation constant alpha/sub G/ of well-guided modes, TE and TM, is approximately proportional to only the ratio (Delta epsilon/sub i/ / epsilon/sub 0/) / d/sub i/, where Delta epsilon/sub i/ is the increment in the permittivity at the metal surface in the direction of the polarization of optical waves, d/sub i/i is the diffusion depth in this direction, and epsilon/sub 0/ is the permittivity of free space.

This paper presents design considerations and experimental results of single-mode branching waveguide switches in LiNbO 3 for the application to optical switching networks. The extinction ratios of 15 and 25 dB were obtained for symmetric and asymmetric structures, respectively. The experimental results are in good agreement with the theoretical ones. 1 × 4 optical switching networks using the branching waveguide switches are also demonstrated.

A laser-diode interferometer for vibration measurement was constructed using two acoustooptical tunable filters (AOTFS) with slightly different frequencies of the diffracted light. A sound pressure measurement of a condenser microphone using a combination of a polarization-maintaining fiber and the laser-diode interferometer was demonstrated. The advantages of this interferometer are the ability to use various laser beams in the 0.4-1.2- mu m wavelength region by varying only the acoustic frequency of the OTF, and the ability to use remote measuring equipment for the sound pressure by using a polarization-maintaining fiber. >

The IgG1 and IgG2 antibody responses in guinea pigs were studied following the intraperitoneal injections of a wide range of immunizing doses of 2,4-dinitrophenylated bovine serum albumin (DNP-BSA) emulsified with Freund's complete adjuvant. The ratio of IgG1 to IgG2 anti-DNP antibody, thus produced, was found to vary markedly from 1:4 to 1:0.1 upon increasing the dose from 0.001 to 3 mg. The affinities of the IgG1 and IgG2 antibodies for DNP residues also varied and was lowest with the highest dose of 3 mg. However, affinity was not appreaciably different between the IgG1 and IgG2 antibodies when compared using those produced concomitantly with each dose of the antigen. These results indicate that different sensitivities of the IgG1 and IgG2 anti-DNP antibody responses to the immunizing dose may not be related to affinities of the IgG1 and IgG2 antibodies for DNP residues, but probably to other mechanism.

As reported previously, radioimmunoelectrophoretic analysis of guinea pig antisera to 2,4-dinitrophenylated cells of Escherichia coli (DNP- E. coli ) revealed that synthesis of antibodies to 2,4-dinitrophenyl residues (DNP) was restricted to one of the IgG antibodies, IgG2, when guinea pigs were immunized with the antigen in both the presence and absence of Freund's adjuvants. In order to confirm further this unique antibody response to DNP- E. coli , the subclass of anti-DNP antibodies produced was analyzed by DEAE-cellulose chromatography, electrofocusing and determination of antibody activities. The results so far obtained indicated that about 97% of the antibodies produced was of the IgG2 subclass and only a trace of the IgG1 antibody was produced, independently of the mode of immunization, though a small amount of IgG1 anti-DNP antibody was produced concomitantly on increasing the immunizing dose to 3.0 mg in saline. Furthermore, the cell-free extract prepared from DNP- E. coli also induced the preferential production of IgG2 anti-DNP antibody.

An integrated-optic Fourier processor consisting of an acoustooptic (AO) deflector and graded-index Fresnel lenses in an As 2 S 3 waveguide on a SiO 2 /Si substrate is proposed and the prototype device is demonstrated. For the interdigital transducer (IDT) for surface acoustic wave excitation, a two-stage array of uniform-period IDT and a chirped IDT using a ZnO piezoelectric film are adopted. High efficielicy and low drive power, as well as wide bandwidth of one octave in the device with a chirped IDT, have been obtained and the Fourier transformation function has been confirmed.

An optocoupler can be used as a functional device indicating the current controlled-type negative resistance characteristic controllable with two external light intensities. A new type of light detecting circuit using the present function holds the ability to detect both the incidence of a light intensity and the small change from a fixed intensity level as a shaped pulse-light output with a simple circuit configuration.

This paper presents experimental and theoretical results showing that bistable switching, due to an anode-triggered trapped domain (TD), can be realized in a Gunn diode with an anode notch. The characteristics of the anode-triggered TD have been made clear by computer simulations. Bistable switching has been confirmed experimentally by using a planar Gunn diode with a groove, which was intentionally dug close to the anode.

A slightly curved parallel‐plate waveguide made of metal or dielectric material is proposed for a low‐loss and self‐focusing optical guide for CO2 laser beams. The minimum‐loss TE1 mode in a copper guide with a separation of 0.5 mm has a transmission loss as low as 0.02 dB/m, and the loss is 6 times less than that of the TE01 mode in the hollow circular guide of diameter equal to the separation. Theoretical prediction of the low‐loss and self‐focusing characteristics of the waveguide has been experimentally confirmed.

A new type of waveguide CO2 laser with a previously proposed waveguide structure and a uniform transverse but horizontal (parallel to the waveguide surface) excitation is reported. The waveguide consists of a pair of slightly curved parallel plates which have a low‐loss transmission and a self‐focusing property; flat mirrors are set directly at both ends of the waveguide. The laser provides 30 W peak power at the repetition frequency of 3 kHz at pressures as high as 250 Torr. The output beam is 70% horizontally polarized, indicating laser oscillation mainly in the TE1 waveguide mode within the resonator.

The monolithic integration of micrograting filters and a photodetector array on a silicon substrate for optical wavelength demultiplexing is demonstrated. The demultiplexer is constructed with a series of micrograting filters fabricated by the electron beam direct writing technique in a chalcogenide (amorphous As2S3) film waveguide on a thermally oxidized silicon substrate and a Schottky barrier photodiode array fabricated on the Si surface.The device has the advantages of a high degree of design flexibility, high efficiency, low crosstalk, and very small dimensions. The design considerations and the fabrication process are described and the experimental results are discussed on the demultiplexing characteristics.

Disappearance of rabbit EgG and its Fc fragment from the injected sites in skin and also the relationship to reverse passive cutaneous anaphylaxis (RPCA) were studied using guinea pigs. Rabbit IgG and its Fc fragment, trace labelled with -125-I, disappeared from the injected sites with half-lives of 12--14 and 6--7 hr, respectively. The shorter half-life of the Fc fragment explained why its activity to provoke RPCA disappeared more rapidly than that of intact IgG as the sensitization period was prolonged. The ability to provoke RPCA did not seem to influence the persistence of Fc fragment in the sites, since F(ab')2 as well as Fab fragments had the same half-life as Fc fragment.

The inhibitory effects of diisopropyl fluorophosphate (DFP) and p-tosyl-L-lysine chloromethyl ketone (TLCK) on the ingestion and digestion of 125I-alpha-amylase [B alpha A, EC 3.2.1.1] complexed with antibody by guinea pig peritoneal macrophages were studied by sucrose density gradient fractionation. When macrophages were exposed to the complex at 37 degrees C and homogenized after washing, most of the trichloroacetic acid (TCA)-insoluble radioactivity was recovered in two fractions which behaved like the plasma membrane and lysosomes in the density gradient, and the TCA-soluble radioactivity was found in the fraction not moving into the gradient. The complex bound to Fc receptors on the cell surface, therefore, was shown to be internalized, transported to the lysosomes, and finally digested to amino acid catabolites. The inhibition with DFP caused an accumulation of the complex in a region between the plasma membrane and lysosomes. This distribution of radioactivity resembled that of cytochalasin B-inhibited macrophages. TLCK also inhibited the digestion of the complex, but the distribution of radioactivity revealed a marked accumulation of the complex in the region of lysosomes. These results provide strong support to the hypothesis that DFP blocks the ingestion of the complex, as in the case of cytochalasin B, whereas TLCK inhibits the intralysosomal proteolysis of the complex.

Guinea pig peritoneal macrophages produced superoxide anions (O2-) when reacted with ovalbumin complexes of homologous IgG1 and IgG2 antibodies. In this reaction, IgG2 complexes were about three times as active as IgG1 complexes. But the susceptibility of IgG1 complexes to phagocytosis by the cells appeared to be indistinguishable from that of IgG2 complexes. The avidity of IgG1 complexes in the antigen excess zone for Fc receptors on the cells was lower than that of the IgG2 counterparts. The amount of IgG1 complex bound to the cells, however, did not significantly differ from that of IgG2 complexes when compared using each complex at the equivalence zone which showed maximal effector functions on the cells. The binding of Clq to IgG2 complexes increased markedly the amounts of complexes bound to the cells, but it reduced O2- generation. These results suggest that the difference in abilities of IgG1 and IgG2 complexes to promote O2- generation may be caused by different structures of the Fc parts or their antigen complexes involved in priming macrophages for O2- generation.

When guinea-pig polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs) are stimulated with hen ovalbumin (OA)-complexed IgG antibodies, they generate superoxide anion (O2-). This reaction was found to depend on the IgG isotype used for preparation of the immune complexes; OA-complexed IgG2 antibody (OA-IgG2) induced 3-4 times more intensively O2- generation than OA-complexed IgG1 antibody (OA-IgG1). The O2- generation with OA-IgG1 was almost completely inhibited by a monoclonal antibody to the Fc gamma R binding both IgG1 and IgG2 (Fc gamma 1/gamma 2 R), whereas that with OA-IgG2 was only slightly inhibited. Since guinea-pig PMNs are capable of binding OA-IgG2 not only through Fc gamma 1/gamma 2 R but also through another Fc gamma R which is specific for IgG2 alone (Fc gamma 2 R), the O2- generation with OA-IgG2 may be mainly mediated by Fc gamma 2 R. In addition, cytochalasin B was found to enhance markedly the O2- generation with OA-IgG1, though that with OA-IgG2 was only slightly affected. The results so far obtained indicate that Fc gamma 1/gamma 2 R and Fc gamma 2 R differ from each other in their activities for triggering O2- generation, namely activation of the respiratory burst NADPH oxidase. Furthermore, differing from the activation of the NADPH oxidase mediated by Fc gamma 2 R, that by Fc gamma 1/gamma 2 R was shown to be suppressed by some cytochalasin B-inhibitable factor or process though its biochemical nature is unknown.

C1r, an activated subcomponent of the first component of the complement system, was highly purified from rabbit serum by affinity chromatography on IgG-Sepharose 6B followed by column chromatography on CM-Sephadex C-50. The C1r thus purified had a molecular weight of 105,000, consisting of two polypeptide chains connected by disulfide bonds; the molecular weights of the chains were 60,000 and 45,000. The C1r was found to reconstitute C1 complex when it reacted with rabbit C1q and C1s in the presence of Ca2+, since C1s was able to bind to C1q bound on sensitized sheep erythrocytes only in the presence of C1r. On the other hand, and active C1s fragment derived by hydrolysis of the H chain without any loss of C1s activity [J. Biochem. 80, 1423--1427 (1976)] could not bind to C1q even in the presence of C1r. This result indicates that a part of the H chain of C1s not contributing to the structural integrity of an active site may be involved in the binding of C1s to C1r.

Human C4 binding protein (C4bp), which is a macromolecular weight (Mr 450,000-590,000) cofactor of C3b/C4b inactivator (I), is composed of 6 or 8 disulfide-linked polypeptide chains of Mr 75,000. Chymotrypsin cleaved C4bp into two major fragments; a large fragment of Mr 160,000, which contained carbohydrate chains and was composed of disulfide-linked polypeptide chains of Mr 25,000, and a small fragment of Mr 48,000, which was a single polypeptide chain and had the cofactor activity of C4bp. These results suggest that chymotrypsin liberates a functional domain-containing Mr 48,000 fragment from each subunit chain of C4bp and yields a core fragment derived from a disulfide-knot domain connecting each subunit chain of C4bp.

Inhibitory effects of various amino acid esters on the phagocytic activity of guinea pig peritoneal macrophages were studied with sensitized 51Cr-sheep erythrocytes (51Cr-EAb) as well as 125I-alpha-amylase complexed with homologous IgG2 antibody (Ag-Ab complex). The intracellular uptake of 51Cr-EAb was markedly inhibited by N-acetyl-L-phenylalanine ethyl ester (Ac-Phe-OEt), N-acetyl-L-tryptophan ethyl ester (Ac-Trp-OEt) and N-benzoyl-L-tyrosine ethyl ester (Bz-Tyr-OEt), but not by N-acetyl-L-tyrosine ethyl ester (Ac-Tyr-OEt), N-alpha-acetyl-L-arginine methyl ester (Ac-Arg-OMe), N-alpha-benzoyl-L-arginine ethyl ester (Bz-Arg-OEt) or N-alpha-acetyl-L-lysine methyl ester (Ac-Lys-OMe). When phagocytosis of the Ag-Ab complex was assayed by measuring the amount of digested products released from macrophage cells, Ac-Tyr-OEt also inhibited it as markedly as Ac-Phe-OEt, Ac-Trp-OEt, and Bz-Tyr-OEt did, whereas Bz-Arg-OEt again did not show any effect. The results of analysis of the intracellular fate of the Ag-Ab complex taken up by macrophages through the use of analytical density gradient fractionation of the homogenized cells suggest that Ac-Phe-OEt inhibits the ingestive process since the distribution of Ag-Ab complex showed a single peak, closely accompanying the plasma membrane. Ac-Tyr-OEt, on the other hand, caused a marked accumulation of Ag-Ab complex in the lysosome fraction, reflecting the inhibition of intralysosomal digestion of the complex.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

As previously reported, the membrane fraction of liquid paraffin-induced, guinea pig peritoneal macrophages exhibits an NADPH-dependent hemolytic activity toward sheep erythrocytes. This activity was inhibited with N-ethylmaleimide, superoxide dismutase, cytochrome c, catalase, desferrioxamine, mannitol, and benzoate. These inhibition profiles indicate that O2- generation by the NADPH oxidase, peroxidation of the membranous lipids with H2O2 or .OH secondarily formed from O2-, and hemolysis of sheep erythrocytes with the peroxides occur in this order in the hemolytic reaction. In fact, the lipid peroxides were found to be formed in the membrane fraction in the presence of Fe3+, subsequent to the O2- generation, and to act as a final hemolytic agent.