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The differentiation of physiological pediatric flat feet and the pathological course as well as adequate initiation of therapeutic options represents a challenge the importance of which should not be underestimated. Fears and worries of parents and their insistence on inducement of therapeutic measures take center stage in the physician-patient relationship. The problem is that there are insufficient data from scientific studies dealing with the conservative treatment of flat feet in children. This paper intends to give a survey of the current status in the literature concerning indications and therapeutic success using insoles in the treatment of flat feet in children.

A superior life expectancy and an increased activity in the population result in an increase in degenerative diseases, such as Achilles tendon ruptures. The medical history and physical examinations are the methods of choice to diagnose Achilles tendon ruptures. Ultrasound and radiography represent reasonable extended diagnostic procedures. In order to decide on the medical indications for the therapy concept, the advantages and disadvantages of conservative and surgical treatment options have to be weighed up on an indivdual basis. There are explicit contraindications for both treatment options. For the surgical treatment concept open suture techniques, minimally invasive methods and reconstructive procedures are available. The postoperative management of the patient is as important as the choice of surgical technique. With the correct medical indications and supervision of the patient it is possible to achieve extremely satisfying results for the patient with both conservative and surgical treatment options.

Der vorliegende Beitrag bietet einen exemplarischen Uberblick uber die Indikation fur den Einsatz operativer Masnahmen am Ellenbogengelenk sowie deren jeweilige Nachbehandlungsschemata. Ziel sollte der Funktionserhalt des Ellenbogens bei weitgehender Beschwerdefreiheit darstellen, damit vollstandige Gelenkdestruktionen, wie sie leider noch immer zu finden sind, vermieden werden konnen.

Obwohl Operationen bei rheumatologischen Erkrankungen an der Schulter haufig sind, erfahrt das Nachbehandlungsregime jedoch meist nur eine geringe Beachtung. Systematische Untersuchungen zur Effektivitat der Nachbehandlung fehlen. Gerade an der Schulter ist aber eine sorgfaltige und intensiv durchgefuhrte krankengymnastische Behandlung Voraussetzung fur einen Therapieerfolg. Dieser Beitrag stellt unsere Nachbehandlungskonzepte dar und beschreibt physiotherapeutische Ubungen.

Ein Ehepaar stellte sich nach Einnahme einer Pilzmahlzeit mit gastrointestinalen Beschwerden vor. Bei Verdacht auf eine Knollenblatterpilzvergiftung erfolgten die Giftelimination, die symptomatische Therapie sowie die spezifische Therapie mit Silibinin. Nach Bestimmung des Amanitinspiegels wurden die Patienten umgehend in eine Universitatsklinik verlegt.

The purpose of this study was to determine the influence of gait velocity on the appearance and detection of pathological gait findings in THR patients compared to elderly subjects without both osteoarthritis of hip and knee joints. No significant differences between the range of motion (ROM) as well as between the temporospatial gait parameters of the THR patients and the healthy control group could be detected at a speed of 2km/h. At the speed of 4km/h however there were statistical significant differences regarding stride length, cadence, stride duration and range of motion of the knee joint. By using different gait velocities persisting pathologic gait patterns after total hip arthroplasty can be detected.

Abnormalities in connectivity are thought to contribute to the symptoms of schizophrenia. Accumulating evidence suggests that antipsychotic medication affects both subcortical and cortical grey and white matter volumes. The goal of this study was to investigate the effects of antipsychotic medication on two white matter tracts: a subcortical-cortical tract, the anterior and posterior limbs of the internal capsule; and a cortical-cortical tract, the corpus callosum. Magnetic resonance imaging was conducted on 10 chronic schizophrenia patients treated with typical antipsychotics and 20 healthy controls at baseline. Patients were switched to olanzapine and both groups were rescanned after 1 year. At baseline, the volume of the anterior limb of the internal capsule was 24% smaller in typical-treated patients than controls ( p = 0.009). Patients treated with greater amounts of chlorpromazine-equivalent daily dosage had smaller anterior internal capsule volumes at baseline ( r = −0.65, p = 0.04). At follow-up, after being switched to olanzapine, there were no significant differences between patients and controls. Patients with schizophrenia had a significant 25% increase in anterior internal capsule volume from baseline to follow-up compared with controls ( p = 0.04). These effects were most prominent in the anterior limb of the internal capsule, which consists of fronto-thalamic pathways, and were not statistically significant in the posterior limb of the internal capsule or corpus callosum. Olanzapine may be effective in normalizing fronto-thalamic structural connectivity in schizophrenia.

Ziel war die Erfassung chronischer postoperativer Schmerzen und hierdurch bedingte Beeintrachtigungen der gesundheitsbezogenen Lebensqualitat nach Nierenlebendspenden. Es wurden 58 Spender (71% des Gesamtkollektives) mithilfe des Chronic Pain Grade (CPG) nach von Korff und des Short-Form (SF-12) untersucht. Es litten 22 Monate (9–57) nach der Nephrektomie 34% der Spender an chronischen postoperativen Schmerzen, 55% dieser Spender wurden hierdurch beeintrachtigt. Die gesundheitsbezogene Lebensqualitat ist ahnlich hoch wie die der Normalbevolkerung, wird jedoch insbesondere im psychischen Bereich durch chronische postoperative Schmerzen beeintrachtigt. Masnahmen zur Vermeidung einer Chronifizierung postoperativer Schmerzen sind geboten. Der Spender sollte gezielt nach Schmerzen befragt werden, um so eine adaquate Schmerztherapie zu sichern.

Der Begriff des zentral anticholinergen Syndroms (ZAS) beschreibt einen Symptomenkomplex, der erstmals von Longo 1966 erwahnt wurde. Hierbei nimmt der Neurotransmitter Acetylcholin die zentrale Rolle ein. Wird die Wirkung des Acetylcholins durch anticholinerge Substanzen, wie beispielsweise Medikamente oder Drogen, blockiert, fuhrt dies zu einer Reihe neurologischer Symptome. Dieser antagonistische Effekt wird direkt durch die kompetitive Verdrangung vom Acetylcholinrezeptor oder durch indirekte anticholinerge Prozesse erzielt. Man unterscheidet periphere von zentralen Symptomen. Der vorliegende Fall beschreibt die Problematik der Erkennung des ZAS, welches in der Notfall- und Intensivmedizin keine Seltenheit darstellt. Etwa 70% aller suizidal eingenommenen Medikamente (wie z. B. trizyklische Antidepressiva, Antihistaminika, Neuroleptika u. a.) besitzen eine anticholinerge Potenz.

A study was made to ascertain the effect of Taurolin [Bis-(1-dioxo-perhydro-1, 2, 4-thiadiazinyl-4)-methan]*-Agarose resp. Taurolin -Collagen, using as model a chronic osteomyelitis in a dog's femur. The result was verified by means of X-rays, bone scans, intermittent bacteriological checks and, finally, histology. Taurolin, a chemotherapeuticum derived from the aminosulfonic acid, Taurin, was proven to be compatible. It led to regression of the osteomyelitis.

The need for operative treatment of severe rheumatic deformities of the hand and wrist is decreasing due to the increased use of disease-modifying drugs; however, some patients do not tolerate or do not sufficiently respond to these drugs, which often results in the hands being affected and in advanced stages to severe deformity and loss of function. In these cases operative surgery can help to slow the progression of rheumatic destruction and restore the function of the patient's hand. This article describes the principles of surgery for rheumatoid arthritis of the hand. A meticulous synovectomy or tenosynovectomy is the first stage of treatment. With progression of rheumatic destruction various salvage procedures are necessary to preserve the best possible functional state.

The term hindfoot deformity denotes many different disease patterns that are associated with malformations of the axis. Destruction of the hindfoot caused by chronic polyarthritis or diabetic diseases are complex examples. This article aims to qualify the reader to diagnose the most important and most common hindfoot deformities in adults and to make decisions about stage-adjusted conservative and surgical therapeutic options.

The number of cases of orthopedic surgery is still increasing and postoperative pain management is of great importance for the patients. Therefore, in this study factors influencing the pain and the developement of pain in general in the first 7 days after total knee arthroplasty were examined.A total of 28 patients were included in this prospectively designed trial and underwent total knee arthroplasty with psoas compartment and sciatic nerve regional anesthesia and additionally propofol sedation. Postoperative pain scores were documented using a numerical rating scale (NRS) and anthropometric data and perioperative parameters were correlated with the postoperative pain score.Evaluation of the pain values per interval showed that the maximum and the mean postoperative pain levels decreased up to day 4 after surgery and then increased. No significant effects of the analyzed parameters age, body mass index (BMI), duration of surgery and catheter indwelling time could be found. Female patients had significantly more pain than males in this collective.The results show that there were no factors which have a significant influence on the degree of postoperative pain. Female patients suffered from more pain than males. There was an increase in pain after postoperative day 4 which might be the effect of more extensive mobilization and reduced effects of regional anesthesia. It is important that pain is treated in the early postoperative period.

Acute pulmonary embolism (PE) is a cardiovascular emergency with high mortality in which a rapid diagnosis and the early initiation of therapy is vital. In the present study patients with acute PE hospitalized at the Clinic Lippe in Detmold were characterized and their prognosis examined.In our department at the hospital Detmold, all patients with acute PE admitted in 2012 and 2013 were documented with respect to the severity of PE, predisposing risk factors and diagnostic and therapeutic steps.A total of 170 patients with acute PE were documented of which 80 patients (47 %) had low, 70 patients an intermediate (41 %) and 20 a high risk (12 %). The main diagnostic tool was thoracic computed tomography (82 %). All patients initially received unfractionated or low-molecular weight heparin; systemic intravenous fibrinolysis was carried out in 3 % of patients (intermediate risk n = 1, high risk n = 4). Nineteen percent (n = 13) of the patients at intermediate and 30 % (n = 6) of patients at high risk received local intrapulmonary fibrinolysis. Overall, the mortality rate in hospital was 10 % (low risk 2.5 %; intermediate risk 7 %; high risk 58 %). All 5 patients who received systemic emergency lysis died. One (5.3 %) of the 19 patients at intermediate risk, undergoing local intrapulmonary fibrinolysis, died.In acute PE a rapid diagnosis and the initiation of an adequate therapy remains a big challenge. Further studies are required to evaluate if aggressive treatment options might reduce mortality especially among patients at intermediate or high risk.

Aim: To compare ultrasound imaging to the anatomy of the acromioclavicular joint. Methods: 13 cadaveric acromioclavicular joints were examined by ultrasound (11 MHz linear array transducer) to determine the limits of the joint capsule and the width of the joint space. The results were compared to macroscopic sections. Results: Anatomical variations were observed. The joint space of one specimen was completely filled by fibrous tissue, leaving 12 specimens for a complete study. A hypoechoic meniscoid disc was attached to the superior joint capsule, resulting in a convex curvature of the cranial part. The mean sonographic width of the joint space was 3.9 mm ± 1.7 mm standard deviation (SD). The mean distance of the joint capsule from the articular bone rim of the clavicle, the acromion, and from the middle of the joint space was 1.1 ± 1.0 mm, 1.3 ± 0.7 mm, and 2.1 ± 0.9 mm, respectively. The distance from the joint space to the capsular insertion on the clavicle and on the acromion was 4.4 ± 1.4 mm and 5.3 ± 2 mm, respectively. The mean difference between ultrasound and anatomical measurements in the vertical (cranio-caudal) plane was 0.5 ± 0.5 mm (SD), whereas the mean difference between measurements in the horinzontal (medio-lateral) plane was 1.3 ± 1.1 mm (SD). Conclusion: Due to low cost, safety and wide availability, sonography is suited for the evaluation of the acromioclavicular joint. However, when interpreting the results, errors in measuring, limitations in resolution of the system used, and the anatomy of the acromioclavicular joint and its anatomical variants have to be taken into consideration.

Fibre-optic Distributed Acoustic Sensing (DAS) or Distributed Vibration Sensing (DVS) is a technology, where an optical fibre cable is used as a sensor for acoustic signals. An ambient seismic wavefield, which is coupled by friction or pressure to the optical fibre, induces dynamic strain changes along the cable. The DAS/DVS technology offers the possibility to record an optoelectronic signal which is linearly related to the time dependent local strain. The DAS/DVS technology is based on the established technique of phase-sensitive optical time-domain reflec- tometry (phi-OTDR). Coherent laser pulses are launched into the fibre to monitor changes in the resulting elastic Rayleigh backscatter with time. Dynamic strain changes lead to small displacements of the scattering elements (non-uniformities within the glass structure of the optical fibre), and therefore to variations of the relative phases of the backscattered photons. The fibre behaves as a series of interferometers whose output is sensitive to small changes of the strain at any point along its length. To record the ground motion not only in space but also in time, snapshots of the wavefield are created by repeatedly firing laser pulses into the fibre at sampling frequencies much higher than seismic frequencies. DAS/DVS is used e.g. for continuous monitoring of pipelines, roads or borders and for production monitoring from within the wellbore. Within the last years, the DAS/DVS technology was further developed to record seismic data. We focus on the recording of Vertical Seismic Profiling (VSP) data with DAS/DVS and present an overview of various field tests published between 2011 and 2014. Here, especially CO2 storage pilot sites provided the oppor-tunity to test this new technology for geophysical reservoir monitoring. DAS/DVS-VSP time-lapse measurements have been published for the Quest CO2 storage site in Canada. The DAS/DVS technology was also tested at the CO2 storage sites in Rousse (France), Citronelle (USA), Otway (Australia) and Ketzin (Germany). At Ketzin it was possible to record a multi-offset VSP simultaneously within four wells, allowing a high-resolution imaging of the reservoir. These publications represent a wide range of different source types, source-receiver geometries and cable deployments (on tubing, behind casing). In conclusion, the DAS/DVS is a promising technology for VSP acquisition; the publications showed that it is possible to use DAS/DVS-VSP data for the calculation of velocity profiles, for well-ties and for seismic imaging. Some points have to be taken into account when recording DAS/DVS-VSP data. With an optical fibre, only a single value reflecting the strain between two points within the fibre is measured. The sensitivity of the fibre-optic cable is generally lower than that of a geophone with current readout units. If a fibre-optic cable has already been installed in a well, no well intervention is needed to acquire a VSP on demand, e.g. for time-lapse measurements. Several wells can be interrogated at the same time with full vertical coverage.

Bei einer 37-jahrigen Frau kam es zu einer progredienten okulobulbaren Symptomatik mit Atemversagen und Tetraparese bei erhaltenem Bewusstsein. Ein zunachst vermutetes Miller-Fisher-Syndrom als Variante eines Guillain-Barre-Syndroms bestatigte sich nicht. Bei normalem Liquorbefund und fehlendem Anhalt fur eine Myasthenie oder Hirnstammlasion fuhrte die Entwicklung einer Ophthalmoplegia externa und interna, die verzogert auch bei den Angehorigen auftrat, zur Diagnose Botulismus, die durch Toxinnachweis im Serum bestatigt wurde.

Permeation rates of aroma compounds through food packages were studied with a new in-situ technique as a function of the applied pressure. Thus, the influence (a) of phases to build-up and reduce the pressure and (b) sample preparation on the permeation rate can be eliminated.

Arthroscopy of the wrist has developed in the shadow of arthroscopy of the large joints. Nowadays, wrist arthroscopy has a relevant importance in the diagnostics and therapy in hand surgery and is indispensable for serious surgery of the wrist. Special equipment and extensive knowledge of the surgeon are necessary for carrying out the procedure.

Ankle and hindfoot deformities as well as degenerative changes are often found in patients with rheumatological diseases. They often suffer from severe pain and complain of increasing immobility. Corrective procedures with ankle or hindfoot arthrodesis are promising options.This article presents epidemiological data and describes the clinical aspects, diagnostics and treatment options for patients with ankle and hindfoot osteoarthritis.The retrospective results of 56 patients after ankle or hindfoot arthrodesis are presented.After an average follow-up of 52 months the majority of results were good or excellent with relief of pain and reconstruction of the function of the foot.Ankle or hindfoot arthrodesis represents a promising option for patients with severe osteoarthritis and can safeguard patients from increasing immobility.

Chronic polyarthritis is the second most common cause regarding the etiology of upper ankle osteoarthritis after posttraumatic degenerative changes. Patient mobility is limited by this painful disease. Besides conservative treatment options, replacement of the upper ankle joint is an operative therapeutic option in eligible candidates which provides very good results.Besides epidemiological data, clinic presentation, diagnostic tools, treatment options and management of postoperative complications for patients with ankle osteoarthritis, this article presents the results of midterm outcome after total ankle replacement.The retrospective results of 44 patients after total ankle arthroplasty are presented.After an average follow-up of 53 months (range 20-98 months) the majority of results were good or excellent with respect to pain relief.Total ankle replacement is a good option for treating osteoarthritis of the ankle joint in rheumatoid arthritis when attention is paid to the eligibility of the patients.

Background. Previous studies on male patients with sex chromosome abnormalities (SCA), namely XYY and XXY, suggest that such patients commit criminal acts more frequently than expected. Most of these studies are affected by ascertainment bias.Methods. Using a population-based sample of men with SCA, identified by screening 34380 infants at birth between 1967 and 1979, comparison between 16 XYY men, 13 XXY men and 45 controls were made in terms of frequency of antisocial personality disorder (APD) using the Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia lifetime version. Rates of criminal convictions were examined in 17 XYY men, 17 XXY men and 60 controls.Results. XYY males showed a significantly higher frequency of antisocial behaviour in adolescence and adulthood and of criminal convictions than the controls, but multiple regression analysis showed this to be mediated mainly through lowered intelligence. Property offences constituted the majority of offences in all groups. The XXY men did not show an increased rate of criminal convictions. It is possible that this apparently negative result relates to the relatively small numbers of cases and hence low power of this study.Conclusions. The findings of this study carry the advantage of not being affected by ascertainment bias and the disadvantage of having low power. It provides evidence for a slightly increased liability to antisocial behaviour in XYY men.

The neutron magnetic form factor Gmn has been determined via a measurement of the ratio of cross sections D(e,e′n) and D(e,e′p). The absolute detection efficiency of the neutron detector was measured with high accuracy using tagged neutrons produced from H(n,p)n elastic scattering by means of a high intensity neutron beam. This approach minimizes the model dependence and improves upon the weakest points of previous experiments. Data in the range q2=0.2–0.8 (GeV/c)2 with uncertainties of

Das Ziel der Studie war, die Akut- und Langzeitergebnisse nach cardiopulmonaler Reanimation (CPR) innerhalb und auserhalb eines einzelnen Krankenhauses der Schwerpunktversorgung zu ermitteln.

The Ketzin test site, Germany, is Europe's longest operating on-shore CO2 storage site. Between 06/2008 and 08/2013 about 70 kt of CO2 were injected in an anticlinal structure. The target reservoir is a sandstone saline aquifer at ~630-650 m depth. To enhance the understanding of the structural geometry of the site and to investigate the extension of the CO2 plume, several geophysical monitoring methods are applied at the Ketzin site, among which are seismics, geoelectrics and borehole measurements. Here, we focus on seismic methods, both surface a s well as zero-offset VSP. Prior to injection the baseline surveys of 3D seismic and zero-offset VSP were measured in 2005 and 2007, respectively. The 1st repeat measurements of 3D surface seismics were performed in 2009 after injection of about 22 kt of CO2, followed by the repeat of zero-offset VSP in 2011 after 46 kt of CO2 injection. The 2nd repeat of 3D surface seismic was measured in 2012 after about 61 kt of CO2 were stored in the target formation. Interpretation of these measurements allowed the ch aracterization of the CO2 plume's geometry and westward propagation direction. The amplitude variation is situated at the top of the reservoir near the injection well with a lateral extent of ~300-400 m after 1st repeat and ~400-600 m after 2nd repeat survey and a thickness of about 5-20 m. The amplitude anomaly matches the expected distribution of the CO2 plume derived from reservoir simulations, considering detection limits of seismic surface measurements. To increase the resolution and reliability of th e data, to improve the estimation of rock properties, and especially to enhance the imaging resolution of the CO2 plume, the time-lapse 3D seismic and zero-offset VSP data have been inverted for acoustic impedances. The applied inversion algorithms were Model Based Inversion and Band Limited Impedance Inversion for the 3D surface seismic and zero-offset VSP, respectively. The surface data and obtained impedances are compared with time-lapse VSP measurements and results of their inversion. The zero-offset VSP is inserted into an inline of 3D surface seismic crossing the receiver well, what makes a direct comparison of time-lapse amplitude difference and impedances possible. The comparison shows good agreement between these datasets regarding the impedances values. The high-resolution zero-offset VSP data complement the lateral image of the CO2 plume derived from 3D surface seismic in the vicinity of the well.

Der Ansatz der Thrombolyse – medikamentose Wiedereroffnung eines verschlossenen Gefases – ist theoretisch gut begrundet. Die Thrombolyse fuhrt beim Myokardinfarkt zu einer signifikanten Reduktion der Mortalitat und in einem hohen Prozentsatz zur fruhzeitigen Reperfusion des verschlossenen Gefases. Auch bei der Lungen-embolie mit Zeichen der Kreislaufdepression sollte die fruhzeitige Thrombolyse zur Reduktion der Mortalitat und zur Stabilisierung der Kreislauffunktion fuhren. Im Gegensatz zu der notfallmasig erfolgen-den Thrombolyse bei Myokardinfarkt und Lungenembolie ist die Thrombolyse der tiefen Beinvenenthrombose eine elektive Therapie, die zur Verhinderung eines postthrombotischen Syndroms beitragen soll. Dies ist jedoch nicht durch grose prospektive oder randomisierte Studien gesichert. Bei jeder Thrombolyse ist eine adjuvante Therapie mit adaquater Antikoagulation bzw. Thrombozytenaggregationshemmung durchzufuhren.

Bone marrow edema (BME) syndrome represents a pathologic accumulation of interstitial fluid in bone - with a traumatic BME being differentiated from a non-traumatic, often ischemic, and a reactive as well as a mechanical BME. Atraumatic/ischemic BME is inconsistently described as a separate entity or as a reversible preliminary stage of osteonecrosis (ON). However, there is always the risk of transformation of BME into ON and subsequent joint destruction. The most common sites of BME are the hip, knee, and ankle. Magnetic resonance imaging is the diagnostic gold standard. Differential diagnoses of the transient BME as osteonecrosis, osteochondrosis dissecans, and a reflex dystrophy should be considered. Conservative or surgical treatment is considered, depending on the etiology of BME. BME syndrome is generally treated conservatively. Infusion of prostacycline or bisphosphonates is a promising option. Ischemic BME and early stages of ON can be successfully treated by core decompression. A combination of both treatment options may also offer advantages.

The differentiation of physiological pediatric flat feet and the pathological course as well as adequate initiation of therapeutic options represents a challenge the importance of which should not be underestimated. Fears and worries of parents and their insistence on inducement of therapeutic measures take center stage in the physician-patient relationship. The problem is that there are insufficient data from scientific studies dealing with the conservative treatment of flat feet in children. This paper intends to give a survey of the current status in the literature concerning indications and therapeutic success using insoles in the treatment of flat feet in children.

As part of the seismic monitoring at the Ketzin CO2 storage site, time-lapse VSP data were acquired. The purpose of the VSP experiment was to complement 3D surface seismic data with higher spatial resolution in close vicinity to the injection well. More than 45 kt of CO2 were injected between the baseline and repeat VSP surveys. For each VSP survey, data were measured at one zero-offset and seven offset source locations around the injection site with offsets varying between 282 m and 907 m. The VSP was recorded in a vertical well using an 80 level 3C geophone string extending 325 – 720 m below ground level, with an interval of 5 m between the levels. The CO2 was injected into a saline sandstone reservoir in 630 – 650 m depth. The injection well has a distance of 112 m to the recording well. Processing and interpretation of the offset VSP data comprises the following steps: (1) Seismic elastic FD modelling based on well log data. (2) Time-lapse processing of the modelled and measured data (application of a shaping filter on the repeat data to match the traces of the baseline data, removal of downgoing waves by fk-filtering). (3) Imaging of the data with 2D Kirchhoff and 2D Fresnel migration. (4) Comparison of the VSP with 3D surface seismic data. Processing and interpretation of the zero-offset VSP comprises the following steps: (1) Seismic elastic FD modelling based on well log data and results of the band limited impedance inversion. (2) Processing of the modelled and measured data (removal of downgoing and enhancement of upgoing waves by median filtering, application of an outside corridor to account for propagation effects of upgoing waves, such as multiples). (3) Band limited impedance inversion of the measured, modelled and 3D surface seismic data. (4) Comparison of the VSP with 3D surface seismic data. The offset VSP is comparable to the 3D surface seismic for both imaging methods, the 2D Kirchhoff and the 2D Fresnel migration. The time-lapse data show the CO2 signature in the depth range of the reservoir for those imaging planes crossing the CO2 plume. The zero-offset VSP time-lapse data show strong amplitudes in the depth range of the reservoir caused by the injection of CO2. The time-lapse amplitude of the modelled data is weaker than that of the measured data. Seismic velocities derived from the impedances indicate a velocity reduction of 30 %. Thus, time-lapse VSP imaging at Ketzin shows that monitoring of small injection amounts is feasible.

Tensor analyzing powers Axx and Ayy and vector analyzing powers Ay of the 1H( d ,pp)n breakup reaction at Ed = 52.1 MeV were measured in the symmetric collinear and coplanar-star kinematic configurations. The experimental results are compared with rigorous three-nucleon continuum calculations using realistic nucleon-nucleon potentials.

This article gives an overview of the indications for operative treatment and the respective post-treatment of rheumatic elbows. The goal should be to preserve the function of the elbow joint and freedom from symptoms to prevent joint destruction which unfortunately can still be seen nowadays.

Although surgical treatment of rheumatoid patients is quite common for disorders of the shoulder, less is known about the efficacy of the postoperative regimens. Clear therapeutic standards are still missing; however, without systematic and intensive postoperative physical therapy, a good postoperative outcome cannot be achieved. This article shows our postoperative treatment regimens and describes our preferred techniques in physical therapy.

This report is about a married couple who were admitted to hospital suffering from gastrointestinal complaints after eating mushrooms. With the suspicion of poisoning with Amanita phalloides treatment started with elimination of the toxins, symptomatic therapy and specific therapy with silibinin. After quantitative determination of the Amanita toxins the patients were immediately transferred to a university hospital.Poisoning by the death cap mushroom is responsible for acute hepatic and often also renal failure and is accompanied by a high mortality. Clinical symptoms follow a three-phase course with gastrointestinal complaints, an asymptomatic interval and finally the hepatorenal phase. Even in suspected cases of intoxication, treatment should be started by antidote therapy with silibinin.

The velocity profiles and volume concentrations of free water and the solids matrix of flowing pastes can be mutually determined independently via flow experiments in an NMR tomograph. This supplies direct proof of the relative displacement of free water in flowing pastes. The two phases can be distinguished with the help of NMR by their different magnetic relaxation times ( T 2 ). It is possible to measure the wall-slip of the two phases and, hence, to differentiate between the shear and slip shares of the total volumetric flow. When the evaluation of the flow experiments is based on a material law, the accompanying material functions can then be derived for pastes or suspensions from the velocity and concentration distributions. For example, as in the case of the fully-developed steady-state pipe flow, without any additional assumptions or corrections as is normally necessary for capillary rheometry. Through the use of NMR, it is possible to correlate the rheological features of the material in question, its flow behaviour and its flow-induced structural changes.

The vector analyzing power Ay for the reaction 1 H ( n , γ) 2 H has been measured at five angles between 60° and 140° in the lab at an incident neutron energy of 67.7 MeV. The measurement is of a presision never before acheived (ΔAy ⩽ 0.01, statistical) for this observable. This precision makes possible a quantitative comparison with meson-exchange theories, thus enhancing our understanding of the role of non-nucleonic degrees of freedom.

We present data on the differential cross section for neutron-proton scattering for an incident neutron energy of 67 MeV. These data allow a precise determination of the 1P1 phase which, in phase-shift analyses, is strongly correlated with the S-D amplitude which we are measuring via different observables.

Besides the primary goal of functional improvement and pain reduction, the operative treatment of unicompartmental arthritis in younger patients is focused on preservation of intact bone and joint structures. The question arises whether an interpositional knee implant based on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data can be an alternative treatment option to the established procedures of high tibial osteotomy and unicompartmental knee arthroplasty.From June 2004 to May 2008 a total of 33 patients suffering from unicompartmental knee arthritis received a patient-specific interpositional implant (31 medial and 2 lateral) within a single arm trial. The mean follow-up time was 26.6 months (range 1-48 months) and the mean age of the patients was 54.5 years (range 39-65 years). In addition to the clinical results the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis index (WOMAC) function scale and the Knee Society scores were measured. A descriptive data analysis, a variance analysis for repeated measurements and a determination of significance level were carried out.The 2-4 year results showed a significant improvement in the WOMAC function scale as well as the Knee Society scores. The knee function after 2 years was comparable to the preoperative situation with an extension to flexion of 0/2/130°. The dislocation rate was 6% and the overall revision rate 21%.Despite acceptable functional results a significant pain relief, a complete preservation of bone and a lower rate of dislocations compared to the off-the-shelf Unispacer implant there were only limited indications for the customized interpositional knee implant with respect to the given contraindications due to the high 2 year revision rate.

Die spezielle Schmerztherapie der Halte- und Bewegungsorgane richtet sich auf akute und chronische Schmerzzustande mit vorwiegend somatischer Ursache.