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The main structural component of biological membranes are phospholipids. A large proportion of the constituent lipids have monounsaturated hydrophobic tails. The study of this type of system is adequate for the development of a number of pharmaceutical substances. Molecular dynamics (MD) is suitable for describing the structure of membranes at the molecular level. The degree of hydration of the molecules is of essential importance for the correct composition of the atomistic models of the lipid bilayers. For this reason, an atomistic MD model of a lipid bilayer composed of 128 SOPC molecules and 128 cholesterol molecules symmetrically placed in both monolayers at a temperature of 273K was constructed. The Slipids force field was used, showing good results in the simulation of lipid systems. Three degrees of hydration corresponding to a hydration number (Hn) of 25, 40 and 50 were studied with two different water models (TIP3P and TIP4P). The interaction between the lipids and the aqueous phase is described by radial distribution function (RDF) and the number of hydrogen bonds. The basic parameters of the lipid bilayer related to the mobility of the heads such as lateral diffusion coefficient were calculated. It was found that the 25 hydration number resulted in an unrealistic immersion of the lipid heads in the water molecules. The high degree of hydration (50 waters per lipid) gives a better description of water, but there is no significant difference in surface phenomena compared to hydration number 40. The model containing 40 waters per lipid in combination with water model TIP3 P reproduces experimental data and is suitable for further consideration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Oral cancer is most common in developing countries, but is also seen in the rest of the world. Patients with tumors have a higher risk of thrombosis, assuming that the underlying pathophysiological mechanism is endothelial dysfunction. The presented case describes the development of acute vascular thrombosis in a patient with late diagnosed carcinoma after a consecutive chemotherapy. A 62-year-old man was diagnosed with squamous cell carcinoma of the floor of the oral cavity, with subsequent surgical resection, radiotherapy and chemotherapy with cisplatin, 5-fluorouracil and cetuximab were followed. 2 days after the last infusion, acute peripheral arterial thrombosis was developed. Cancer and antitumor therapy exert a synergistic effect on coagulation activation. A probable toxic damage to the vascular endothelium leads to a decreased expression of nitric oxide synthetase and, accordingly, vasodilation, a decrease in anticoagulants and an increase in the levels of procoagulants such as tissue factor, which activates coagulation and induces the activation of platelets. The general practitioner occupies a central role in the health care system in a number of countries. In order to be able to perform its complex activities and successfully solve diverse health problems it is necessary to possess specific knowledge and skills from various fields of medicine. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] Phase-pure NaMPO 4 (M = Mn, Mn/Fe; isotypic to triphylite) and Li(Mn/Fe)PO 4 were isolated as a result of the low- temperature reaction between NH 4 MPO 4 ·H 2 O (M = Mn, Mn/Fe) and AcONa·3H 2 O or AcOLi, respectively. Electrochemical tests in half-cells revealed that Na-based compounds exhibit poor electrochemical activity vs. metallic Na, while the similarly synthesized Li counterpart demonstrates decent cycling in Na cells. The synthetic features, crystal structures and properties of related members of the olivine family are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of the present study was to determine the heritability of some productive traitsin sheep of Ile de France breed. The study was conducted with 369 ewes and 473 lambs of Ile de France breed for the period 2016-2020, bred at the Experimental Base of the Institute of Animal Science -- Kostinbrod. Biological fecundity was determined as the ratio of the litter size, stillbirths and aborted lambs to the number of lambed ewes. Live weights were measured at birth, at 10 days, at 30 days and at 70 days, with a deviation of ± 2 days. The information was processed using the methods of variational statistics. A variance analysis was performed using NOVA model, significance of the effect of the factor was determined by the values of Fisher's F-criterion, and the significance of the differences between the studied groups -- by the Student's t-test, with the statistical software Data Analysis, Excel 2021, Microsoft. The coefficients of the heritability of the studied productive traits were estimated. A significant effect of the year of lambing F = 2.725* on biological fecundity and the year of birth on the live weight at birth F = 5.721***, at 10 days F = 23.875***, at 30 days F = 14.363*** and at 70 days of age F = 44.715*** was found. The average fecundity of the ewes was 154%. There were statistically significant differences for the average live weight of lambs at different stages of development depending on the year of birth. Estimated heritability values for biological fecundity h²-0,03* and live weight at birth h²-0.05***, at 10 days h²-0.18***, at 30 days h²-0.12***, and at 70 days of age h²-0.30*** were from low to average. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This work describes the microbial community structure of the continuously revegetated chronosequence of a former sand quarry, which demonstrates a unique example of nearly complete soil restoration in less than 100 years. Samples were collected at five time points (0, 3, 30, 70 years and mature soil) from the entire set of soil horizons, revealing the history of pedogenesis. Real-time PCR was applied to quantitatively describe the bacterial and archaeal communities. High-throughput sequencing of the bacterial and archaeal V4 variable region of the 16S rRNA gene was used to identify abundant microbial taxa. A beta-diversity analysis revealed that the prokaryotic community structure responded strongly to the processes of organic matter accumulation and the corresponding evolution of the soil into discrete horizons. Changes in soil microbiota in the course of soil profile evolution revealed three groups of prokaryotes, which tended to accumulate in the specific soil horizons and might be associated with the certain soil-forming processes, including plant roots growth. This research showed the heuristic potential of soil horizon profiling in microbiological studies as opposed to the formal depth-dependent separation of the soil layers. The results allowed us to trace the relationship between the structure of the soil prokaryotic community and the peculiarities of the evolution of the podzolic soil profile as well as to identify the microbial indicators and drivers of primary pedogenesis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The action of an ideal fluid in Euler variables with a variable number of particles is used for the phenomenological description of the processes of particle creation in strong external fields. It has been demonstrated that the conformal invariance of the creation law imposes quite strict restrictions on the possible types of sources. It is shown that combinations with the particle number density in the creation law can be interpreted as dark matter within the framework of this model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Let be the maximum of the minimum degree-sum (weight) of vertices in -vertex paths ( -paths) in 3-polytopes. Trivially, each 3-polytope has a vertex of degree at most 5, and so . Back in 1955, Kotzig proved that (so there is an edge of weight at most 13), which is sharp. In 1993, Ando, Iwasaki, and Kaneko proved that , which is also sharp due to a construction by Jendrol' of 1997. In 1997, Borodin refined this by proving that for 3-polytopes with , while holds for 3-polytopes with , where the sharpness of 18 was confirmed by Borodin et al. in 2013, and that of 17 was known long ago. Over the last three decades, much research has been devoted to structural and coloring problems on the plane graphs that are sparse in this or that sense. In this paper we deal with 3-polytopes without adjacent 3-cycles that is without chordal 4-cycle (in other words, without ). It is known that such 3-polytopes satisfy ; and, moreover, holds, where both bounds are sharp (Borodin, 1992). We prove now that each 3-polytope without chordal 4-cycles has a 3-path of weight at most 15; and so , which is sharp. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The pull-out method was used to study the adhesive strength τ of "fiber–thermoset" systems with wide variations in area. Studied binders were based on resins that had different chemical natures (epoxy, epoxy phenol, orthophthalic, polyphenylsiloxane, and phenol–formaldehyde). Shear adhesive strength was determined for systems with two fiber types (glass and steel fibers). It was shown that strength τ depended on scale (area). Formation of τ occurred during the curing process and the system's subsequent cooling to the measurement temperature T. It was found that interface strength depended on measurement temperature across a wide temperature range that covered the highly elastic and the glassy state of the adhesive. The influence of residual stresses τres, acting at the "binder–fiber" interface, on the nature of the curves describing the dependence of the adhesive strength on the studied factor was experimentally shown. A qualitative explanation of the observed regularities is proposed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The review is compiled on the basis of the results of using the total ozone (TO) monitoring system for Russia and neighboring territories, which functions in operational mode at the Central Aerological Observatory. The monitoring system uses the data from the national network equipped with the M-124 filter ozonometers and operating under the methodological supervision of the Main Geophysical Observatory. The quality of functioning of the entire system is operationally controlled using the OMI satellite equipment observations (NASA, USA). Basic TO observation data are generalized for every month of the fourth quarter of 2023, for the fourth quarter, and for the whole year. The data of the routine observation of surface ozone in the Moscow region are also presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Leaf rust on wheat caused by P. triticina is the most widespread fungal disease worldwide and in Bulgaria. The development of wheat genotypes resistant to leaf rust is related to the different types of resistance and ways of gene inheritance. The different varieties have different susceptibility during the different stages of their ontogenetic development. The study of the initial material is an important step in the breeding for resistance and it is an ongoing process. Two hundred and forty-six breeding lines were tested against the local population of P. triticina during 2015-2017, under conditions of infection field and in a greenhouse at Dobrudzha Agricultural Institute -- General Toshevo, Bulgaria. Twenty lines were selected, which demonstrated different degrees of resistance under infection field conditions and which showed resistance to some of the seven pathotypes used in the study. The identification of the pathotypes was based on the type of reaction of 20 monogenic lines. The reaction of isogenic lines was compared with the reaction of the selection lines and the results showed that the reaction of line 165/05-46 corresponded to isogenic lines carrying genes Lr 9, Lr 19 and Lr 25. The response of the other 3 lines (245/03-72, 13/04-97, 14/06-110) partially coincided with the response of the above mentioned genes. The reaction of the other 3 lines (169/05-69, 14/06-81, 8/08-25) partially coincided with the reaction of isogenic lines carrying genes Lr 2a, Lr 28 and Lr 29. It was determined that seven of the lines were carriers of a race-specific gene and that it was necessary to subject these lines to further breeding and genetic studies to determine presence of race-specific resistance. Five of the lines (72/05-53, 61/03-75, 106/04-189, 268/03-151, 79/04-131) combined incomplete resistance at young stage with resistance at adult stage. Four of the tested lines (68/06-78, 29/02-133-38, 79/04-125-28, 197/05-33) exhibited typical race non-specific resistance or APR. Four lines (13/04-165, 14/05-119, 19/06-79 and 61/03-81) demonstrated "slow rusting" type of resistance. Twenty of the studied lines were carriers of effective resistance and can be included in the breeding programs as donors of resistance to P. triticina. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We conduct a series of Cournot duopoly market experiments with a high number of repetitions and fixed matching. Our treatments include markets with (a) complete cost symmetry and complete information, (b) slight cost asymmetry and complete information, and (c) varying cost asymmetries and incomplete information. For the case of complete cost symmetry and complete information, our data confirm the well-known result that duopoly players achieve, on average, partial collusion. However, as soon as any level of cost asymmetry or incomplete information is introduced, observed average individual quantities are remarkably close to the static Bayes-Nash equilibrium predictions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The continual development and implementation of effective digital interventions is one important strategy that may serve to bridge the well-known treatment gap related to problematic alcohol use. Research suggests that clinician guidance, provided in different ways during the digital intervention (i.e., written weekly messages, phone calls etc.), can boost intervention engagement and effects. Digital psychological self-care (DPSC) is a new delivery format wherein an unguided digital intervention is provided within the framework of a structured care process that includes initial clinical assessment and follow-up interviews. In a recent feasibility study, a DPSC intervention for problematic alcohol use, ALVA, provided without any extra guidance, was found safe and credible and to have promising within-group effects on alcohol consumption. The aim of the current study is to gather information on the effects and efficiency of different forms of guidance added to ALVA, in order to optimize the intervention. Methods: This protocol describes a randomized factorial trial where the effects of two different ways of providing guidance (mid-treatment interview, weekly written messages, respectively) in DPSC for problematic alcohol use are investigated. Optimization criteria will be applied to the results regarding how effective the intervention is at reducing alcohol consumption measured by the number of standard drinks per week together with the clinician time spent on guidance. Discussion: This study will investigate the added benefit of different forms of guidance to DPSC for problematic alcohol use. These added effects will be compared to the added cost of guidance, according to pre-defined optimization criteria. Trial registration: Clinicaltrials.gov: NCT05649982. Registered on 06 December 2022. Prospectively registered. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this study was to investigate the antimicrobial activity of citrate-stabilized sols of cerium oxide nanoparticles at different concentrations via different microbiological methods and to compare the effect with the peroxidase activity of nanoceria for the subsequent development of a regeneration-stimulating medical and/or veterinary wound-healing product providing new types of antimicrobial action. The object of this study was cerium oxide nanoparticles synthesized from aqueous solutions of cerium (III) nitrate hexahydrate and citric acid (the size of the nanoparticles was 3–5 nm, and their aggregates were 60–130 nm). Nanoceria oxide sols with a wide range of concentrations (10−1–10−6 M) as well as powder (the dry substance) were used. Both bacterial and fungal strains (Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus cereus, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, Proteus vulgaris, Candida albicans, Aspergillus brasielensis) were used for the microbiological studies. The antimicrobial activity of nanoceria was investigated across a wide range of concentrations using three methods sequentially; the antimicrobial activity was studied by examining diffusion into agar, the serial dilution method was used to detect the minimum inhibitory and bactericidal concentrations, and, finally, gas chromatography with mass-selective detection was performed to study the inhibition of E. coli's growth. To study the redox activity of different concentrations of nanocerium, we studied the intensity of chemiluminescence in the oxidation reaction of luminol in the presence of hydrogen peroxide. As a result of this study's use of the agar diffusion and serial dilution methods followed by sowing, no significant evidence of antimicrobial activity was found. At the same time, in the current study of antimicrobial activity against E. coli strains using gas chromatography with mass spectrometry, the ability of nanoceria to significantly inhibit the growth and reproduction of microorganisms after 24 h and, in particular, after 48 h of incubation at a wide range of concentrations, 10−2–10−5 M (48–95% reduction in the number of microbes with a significant dose-dependent effect) was determined as the optimum concentration. A reliable redox activity of nanoceria coated with citrate was established, increasing in proportion to the concentration, confirming the oxidative mechanism of the action of nanoceria. Thus, nanoceria have a dose-dependent bacteriostatic effect, which is most pronounced at concentrations of 10−2–10−3 M. Unlike the effects of classical antiseptics, the effect was manifested from 2 days and increased during the observation. To study the antimicrobial activity of nanomaterials, it is advisable not to use classical qualitative and semi-quantitative methods; rather, the employment of more accurate quantitative methods is advised, in particular, gas chromatography–mass spectrometry, during several days of incubation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Obtaining accurate and reliable gene expression results in real-time RT-PCR (qRT-PCR) data analysis requires appropriate normalization by carefully selected reference genes, either a single or a combination of multiple housekeeping genes (HKGs). The optimal reference gene/s for normalization should demonstrate stable expression across varying conditions to diminish potential influences on the results. Despite the extensive database available, research data are lacking regarding the most appropriate HKGs for qRT-PCR data analysis in rabbit and horse adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs). Therefore, in our study, we comprehensively assessed and compared the suitability of some widely used HKGs, employing RefFinder and NormFinder, two extensively acknowledged algorithms for robust data interpretation. The rabbit and horse ASCs were obtained from subcutaneous stromal vascular fraction. ASCs were induced into tri-lineage differentiation, followed by the eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) treatment of the adipose-differentiated rabbit ASCs, while horse experimental groups were formed based on adipogenic, osteogenic, and chondrogenic differentiation. At the end of the experiment, the total mRNA was obtained and used for the gene expression evaluation of the observed factors. According to our findings, glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase was identified as the most appropriate endogenous control gene for rabbit ASCs, while hypoxanthine phosphoribosyltransferase was deemed most suitable for horse ASCs. The obtained results underscore that these housekeeping genes exhibit robust stability across diverse experimental conditions, remaining unaltered by the treatments. In conclusion, the current research can serve as a valuable baseline reference for experiments evaluating gene expression in rabbit and horse ASCs. It highlights the critical consideration of housekeeping gene abundance and stability in qPCR experiments, emphasizing the need for an individualized approach tailored to the specific requirements of the study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This document is a special issue of the International Journal of Molecular Sciences that focuses on the analysis and applications of mass spectra in biochemistry. It discusses the definitions of analytical chemistry and how it applies to mass spectrometry, highlighting the use of soft ionization methods as the gold standard in analytical practice. The document explores advancements in high-resolution mass analyzers and their impact on various research fields. It also mentions the importance of isotopomers in fields like medicine, ecology, geology, and forensic anthropology. The article concludes by discussing the diverse applications of mass spectrometry, including direct analysis, imaging techniques, monitoring chemical reactions, and determining kinetics and thermodynamics of chemicals. The text also mentions the use of computational quantum chemistry methods and other instrumental techniques for studying molecular structures. The Special Issue aims to provide innovative developments in mass spectrometry for researchers in different disciplines. [Extracted from the article]

Reliable structure elucidation of covalent organic cage compounds remains challenging as routine analysis might leave ambiguities. Diffusion‐ordered NMR spectroscopy (DOSY) allows insight into the molecular size and mass of the species present in solution, but a systematic evaluation of the diffusion behavior for cage assemblies is rarely considered. Here we report the synthesis of four series of covalent organic cages based on tribenzotriquinacenes and diboronic acids with varying geometry and exohedral substituents. We provide a guideline for the consistent measurement of diffusion coefficients from 1H‐DOSY NMR spectroscopy, which was utilized to study the diffusion behavior for the whole set of cages and selected examples from the literature. For structurally similar cages, a linear correlation between the solvodynamic volume and the molecular mass allows precise size determination. For more complex systems, multiple parameters, such as window size or rigid exohedral functionalization. further modulate cage diffusion in solution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It is generally accepted that oxidative stress plays a key role in the development of ischemia-reperfusion injury in ischemic heart disease. However, the mechanisms how reactive oxygen species trigger cellular damage are not fully understood. Our study investigates redox state and highly reactive substances within neonatal and adult cardiomyocytes under hypoxia conditions. We have found that hypoxia induced an increase in H 2 O 2 production in adult cardiomyocytes, while neonatal cardiomyocytes experienced a decrease in H 2 O 2 levels. This finding correlates with our observation of the difference between the electron transport chain (ETC) properties and mitochondria amount in adult and neonatal cells. We demonstrated that in adult cardiomyocytes hypoxia caused the significant increase in the ETC loading with electrons compared to normoxia. On the contrary, in neonatal cardiomyocytes ETC loading with electrons was similar under both normoxic and hypoxic conditions that could be due to ETC non-functional state and the absence of the electrons transfer to O 2 under normoxia. In addition to the variations in H 2 O 2 production, we also noted consistent pH dynamics under hypoxic conditions. Notably, the pH levels exhibited a similar decrease in both cell types, thus, acidosis is a more universal cellular response to hypoxia. We also demonstrated that the amount of mitochondria and the levels of cardiac isoforms of troponin I, troponin T, myoglobin and GAPDH were significantly higher in adult cardiomyocytes compared to neonatal ones. Remarkably, we found out that under hypoxia, the levels of cardiac isoforms of troponin T, myoglobin, and GAPDH were elevated in adult cardiomyocytes, while their level in neonatal cells remained unchanged. Obtained data contribute to the understanding of the mechanisms of neonatal cardiomyocytes' resistance to hypoxia and the ability to maintain the metabolic homeostasis in contrast to adult ones. [Display omitted] • Hypoxia induces an increase in H 2 O 2 in adult cardiomyocytes, while neonatal cardiomyocytes show decreased basal H 2 O 2 level. • Hypoxia induces equally strong development of acidosis in adult and neonatal cardiomyocytes. • Adult and neonatal cardiomyocytes demonstrate differences between the electron transport chain (ETC) properties and mitochondria amount. • Hypoxia increases cardiac isoforms of troponin T, myoglobin and GAPDH in adult cardiomyocytes, but not in neonatal cells. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Previously unknown optically active cyclopentenones were synthesized by the ozonation of 2-dichloromethyl-5-(1-methylethylidene)-N-[(1R)-1-phenylethyl]cyclopent-3-ene-1-carboxamide in CH2Cl2–MeOH (10 : 1) at 0°C and of (3aR,6aR)-3-hydroxy-6-(1-methylethylidene)-2-[(1R)-1-phenylethyl)-3,3a,6,6a-tetrahydrocyclopenta[c]pyrrol-1(2H)-one in cyclohexane–MeOH (10 : 1) at 5°C until complete consumption of the starting compounds (by TLC), followed by treatment with Me2S. The new obtained cyclopentenons: 2-(dichloromethyl)-5-oxo-N-[(1R)-1-phenylethyl]cyclopent-3-ene-1-carboxamide and (3aR,6aR)-3-hydroxy-2-[(1R)-1-phenylethyl]-2,3,3a,6a-tetrahydrocyclopenta[c]pyrrole-1,6-dione are useful compounds to prepare cyclopentanoids. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nanoparticles of Co1 –xMgxFe2O4 with x equal to 0, 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8, and 1.0 have been synthesized. For all values of x, they are nanocrystals with a cobalt ferrite structure and an average linear size ( nm. Based on the analysis of the Mössbauer effect spectra, the Co2+ ions were shown to occupy only octahedral positions at all values of x. The experimentally obtained dependence of the nanoparticles magnetization on x corresponds to the dependence calculated using the Mössbauer effect data, except for the sample with . The effective magnetic anisotropy constant estimated for 0 K from the analysis of the coercive force temperature dependences decreases from at to erg/cm3 at and drops sharply to erg/cm3 at . [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A central question in behavioural neuroscience is how different rewards modulate learning. While the role of monetary rewards is well-studied in decision-making research, the influence of abstract rewards like music remains poorly understood. This study investigated the dissociable effects of these two reward types on decision making. Forty participants completed two decision-making tasks, each characterised by probabilistic associations between stimuli and rewards, with probabilities changing over time to reflect environmental volatility. In each task, choices were reinforced either by monetary outcomes (win/lose) or by the endings of musical melodies (consonant/dissonant). We applied the Hierarchical Gaussian Filter, a validated hierarchical Bayesian framework, to model learning under these two conditions. Bayesian statistics provided evidence for similar learning patterns across both reward types, suggesting individuals' similar adaptability. However, within the musical task, individual preferences for consonance over dissonance explained some aspects of learning. Specifically, correlation analyses indicated that participants more tolerant of dissonance behaved more stochastically in their belief-to-response mappings and were less likely to choose the response associated with the current prediction for a consonant ending, driven by higher volatility estimates. By contrast, participants averse to dissonance showed increased tonic volatility, leading to larger updates in reward tendency beliefs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A reduction in melatonin function contributes to the acceleration of Alzheimer's disease (AD), and understanding the molecular processes of melatonin-related signaling is critical for intervention in AD progression. Recently, we synthesized a series of melatonin analogues with donepezil fragments and tested them in silico and in vitro. In this study, one of the most potent compounds, 3c, was evaluated in a rat model of pinealectomy (pin) followed by icvAβ1-42 infusion. Melatonin was used as the reference drug. Treatment with melatonin and 3c (10 mg/kg, i.p. for 14 days) had a beneficial effect on memory decline and the concomitant increase in hippocampal Aβ1-42 and pTAU in the pin+icvAβ1-42 rats. Melatonin supplementation facilitated non-amyloidogenic signaling via non-receptor (histone deacetylase sirtuin 1, SIRT1) and receptor-related signaling (MT/ERK/CREB). The hybrid 3c analogue up-regulated the MT1A and MT2B receptors, pERK and pCREB. Our results strongly support the hypothesis that melatonin-related analogues may become a promising drug candidate for Alzheimer's disease therapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims: Primary bone diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma (PB‐DLBCL) is not recognized as a separate entity by the current classification systems. Here we define and highlight its distinctive clinical presentation, morphology, phenotype, gene expression profile (GEP), and molecular genetics. Methods: We collected 27 respective cases and investigated their phenotype, performed gDNA panel sequencing covering 172 genes, and carried out fluorescence in situ hybridization to evaluate MYC, BCL2, and BCL6 translocations. We attempted to genetically subclassify cases using the Two‐step classifier and performed GEP for cell‐of‐origin subtyping and in silico comparison to uncover up‐ and downregulated genes as opposed to other DLBCL. Results: Most cases (n = 22) were germinal centre B‐cell‐like (GCB) by immunohistochemistry and all by GEP. Additionally, PB‐DLBCL had a mutational profile similar to follicular lymphoma and nodal GCB‐DLBCL, with the exception of more frequent TP53 and B2M mutations. The GEP of PB‐DLBCL was unique, and the frequency of BCL2 rearrangements was lower compared to nodal GCB‐DLBCL. The Two‐step classifier categorized eight of the cases as EZB, three as ST2, and one as MCD. Conclusion: This study comprehensively characterizes PB‐DLBCL as a separate entity with distinct clinical and morpho‐molecular features. These insights may aid in developing tailored therapeutic strategies and shed light on its pathogenesis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bioenergetics models estimate ectotherm growth, production, and prey consumption – all key for effective ecosystem management during changing global temperatures. Based on species‐specific allometric and thermodynamic relationships, these models typically use the species' lab‐derived optimum temperatures (physiological optimum) as opposed to empirical field data (realized thermal niche) that reflect actual thermal experience. Yet, dynamic behavioral thermoregulation mediated by biotic and abiotic interactions may provide substantial divergence between physiological optimum and realized thermal niche temperatures to significantly bias model outcomes. Here, using the Wisconsin bioenergetics model and in‐situ year‐round temperature data, we tested the two approaches and compared the maximum attainable lifetime weight and lifetime prey consumption estimates for two salmonid species with differing life histories. We demonstrate that using the realized thermal niche is the better approach because it eliminates significant biases in estimates produced by the physiological optimum. Specifically, using the physiological optimum, slower‐growing Salvelinus namaycush maximum attainable lifetime weight was underestimated, and consumption overestimated, while fast‐growing Oncorhynchus tshawytscha maximum attainable weight was overestimated. While the physiological optimum approach is useful for theoretical studies, our results demonstrate the critical importance that models used by management utilize up‐to‐date system‐ and species‐specific field data representing actual in‐situ behaviors (i.e., realized thermal niche). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The classical density topology is an extension of the natural topology on the real line, as the interior of arbitrary Lebesgue measurable set A is contained in the set of density points of A. Also each density point of A belongs to the closure of A for arbitrary measurable set A. In this paper, we concentrate on lower density operators for which the inclusions mentioned above are not fulfilled. In the first part, examples of such lower density operators generated by measure-preserving bijections are given. There are introduced three conditions to investigate lower density operators for which only the second inclusion holds. In the second part, the concept of operator D introduced by K. Kuratowski is applied to the characterization of such operators. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article presents a hybrid approach to assessing students' foreign language proficiency in a cyber–physical educational environment. It focuses on the advantages of the integrated assessment of student knowledge by considering the impact of automatic assessment, learners' independent work, and their achievements to date. An assessment approach is described using the mathematical theory of fuzzy functions, which are employed to ensure the fair evaluation of students. The largest possible number of students whose reevaluation of test results will not affect the overall performance of the student group is automatically determined. The study also models the assessment process in the cyber–physical educational environment through the formal semantics of calculus of context-aware ambients (CCAs). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The exact neural construct underlying the dynamic secretion of gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (GnRH) has only recently been identified despite the detection of multiunit electrical activity volleys associated with pulsatile luteinising hormone (LH) secretion four decades ago. Since the discovery of kisspeptin/neurokinin B/dynorphin neurons in the mammalian hypothalamus, there has been much research into the role of this neuronal network in controlling the oscillatory secretion of gonadotrophin hormones. In this review, we provide an update of the progressive application of cutting-edge techniques combined with mathematical modelling by the neuroendocrine community, which are transforming the functional investigation of the GnRH pulse generator. Understanding the nature and function of the GnRH pulse generator can greatly inform a wide range of clinical studies investigating infertility treatments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The novel MICA*112:02 allele was detected by next generation sequencing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Two novel MICB alleles with coding polymorphisms in exon 3 were detected by next generation sequencing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article, published in the Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology & Venereology, presents a case report on the rapid clinical improvement of refractory subacute cutaneous lupus erythematosus (SCLE) with the use of the oral tyrosine kinase 2 inhibitor deucravacitinib. The report highlights the challenges in treating severe cases of cutaneous lupus erythematosus (CLE) and discusses the potential of januskinase inhibition as an alternative therapy. The case study describes a 56-year-old Vietnamese patient with SCLE who showed significant improvement in symptoms after starting deucravacitinib treatment. The authors suggest that further research is needed to explore the safety, effectiveness, and tolerability of deucravacitinib in managing patients with SCLE. [Extracted from the article]

The influence of a permanent magnetic field on macro- and nanoscopic properties of triglycine sulfate (TGS) crystals with impurity chromium (TGS-Cr) has been investigated. This work continues the previous studies of magnetically induced effects in ferroelectrics. A specific feature of TGS crystals is the presence of a nanoscale relief on a polar (010) cleavage; this nanorelief is a qualitative characteristic of the crystal defect structure. It is shown that the exposure of a crystal in a magnetic field of 2 T leads to a change in its dielectric properties, accompanied by a long-term transformation of the nanorelief. The results obtained are indicative of a magnetically induced change in the defect crystal structure. A qualitative difference is found between the magnetically induced effects in TGS-Cr crystals and undoped TGS crystals. The relationship between the magnetically induced effects and structural defects is discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A scintillation experiment is a part of the TAIGA astrophysical complex located in the Tunka Valley, 50 km from Lake Baikal. It consists of the Tunka-Grande and TAIGA-Muon arrays. Its scientific program is devoted to the study of cosmic rays (CRs) and search for astrophysical gamma rays by detecting charged particles (electrons and muons) of extensive air showers (EASs). We present the current status of the scintillation experiment, methods of EAS and CR parameters' reconstruction, the main results obtained by the Tunka-Grande array and our scientific program for the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A basket trial aims to expedite the drug development process by evaluating a new therapy in multiple populations within the same clinical trial. Each population, referred to as a "basket", can be defined by disease type, biomarkers, or other patient characteristics. The objective of a basket trial is to identify the subset of baskets for which the new therapy shows promise. The conventional approach would be to analyze each of the baskets independently. Alternatively, several Bayesian dynamic borrowing methods have been proposed that share data across baskets when responses appear similar. These methods can achieve higher power than independent testing in exchange for a risk of some inflation in the type 1 error rate. In this paper we propose a frequentist approach to dynamic borrowing for basket trials using adaptive lasso. Through simulation studies we demonstrate adaptive lasso can achieve similar power and type 1 error to the existing Bayesian methods. The proposed approach has the benefit of being easier to implement and faster than existing methods. In addition, the adaptive lasso approach is very flexible: it can be extended to basket trials with any number of treatment arms and any type of endpoint. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

One of the central debates in current Linguistics revolves around the consideration of the grammatical categories of noun and verb as discrete or gradual categories. In this work, I start from the evidence on the acquisition, processing, and production of these two lexical classes in healthy speakers and speakers with language or cognitive impairments to argue that, from a neurocognitive perspective, they are discrete. Additionally, I analyze the type of conditioning of categorical dissociation in order to argue that the proceduralization of linguistic function during the lifespan leads to the generation of the grammatical-semantic nature of lexical classes. In doing so, I review and analyze the results of a series of experimental studies, mainly neurofunctional and neurocognitive in nature, which allow me to compare categorical dissociation and its causative dissociation in children, adults, and elderly individuals with both healthy and different types of cognitive disorders (SLI, ASD; aphasias; SD, and AD). The main conclusion of my work is that, in neurocognitive terms, nouns and verbs are discrete grammatical categories, which develop grammatical-semantic graduality with the proceduralization of language function. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Stage of pancreatic carcinoma at diagnosis is a strong prognostic indicator of morbidity and mortality, yet is poorly notified to population-based cancer registries ("cancer registries"). Registry-derived stage (RD-Stage) provides a method for cancer registries to use available data sources to compile and record stage in a consistent way. This project describes the development and validation of rules to capture RD-Stage (pancreatic carcinoma) and applies the rules to data currently captured in each Australian cancer registry. Materials and methods: Rules for deriving RD-stage (pancreatic carcinoma) were developed using the American Joint Commission on Cancer (AJCC) Staging Manual 8th edition and endorsed by an Expert Working Group comprising specialists responsible for delivering care to patients diagnosed with pancreatic carcinoma, cancer registry epidemiologists and medical coders. Completeness of data fields required to calculate RD-Stage (pancreatic carcinoma) and an overall proportion of cases for whom RD stage could be assigned was assessed using data collected by each Australian cancer registry, for period 2018–2019. A validation study compared RD-Stage (pancreatic carcinoma) calculated by the Victorian Cancer Registry with clinical stage captured by the Upper Gastro-intestinal Cancer Registry (UGICR). Results: RD-Stage (pancreatic carcinoma) could not be calculated in 4/8 (50%) of cancer registries; one did not collect the required data elements while three used a staging system not compatible with RD-Stage requirements. Of the four cancer registries able to calculate RD-Stage, baseline completeness ranged from 9% to 76%. Validation of RD-Stage (pancreatic carcinoma) with UGICR data indicated that there was insufficient data available in VCR to stage 174/457 (38%) cases and that stage was unknown in 189/457 (41%) cases in the UGICR. Yet, where it could be derived, there was very good concordance at stage level (I, II, III, IV) between the two datasets. (95.2% concordance], Kendall's coefficient = 0.92). Conclusion: There is a lack of standardisation of data elements and data sources available to cancer registries at a national level, resulting in poor capacity to currently capture RD-Stage (pancreatic carcinoma). RD-Stage provides an excellent tool to cancer registries to capture stage when data elements required to calculate it are available to cancer registries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years, episodes of reduced water availability have occurred in the supplying basins of the city of Santa Marta, leading to a scarcity of water resources. This study delves into understanding the sensitivity of water supply to the macro-climatic phenomena of ENSO (El Niño-Southern Oscillation) and QBO (Quasi-Biennial Oscillation). To assess their influence, teleconnections were established through correlational analysis between hydro climatological series and macroclimatic indices, with statistical significance evaluated using the Student's t-test. The obtained results indicate that the ENSO phenomenon has a statistically significant impact on the hydro-meteorological regime of the area. During the warm phase of the event, there is an increase in average temperatures and a decrease in water availability in the Manzanares and Piedras river basins. Conversely, the Gaira River basin experiences increased water availability due to the melting of the glaciers in the Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta caused by rising temperatures, resulting in an increase in runoff. Given the proximity of the study area to the Pacific Ocean, where the ENSO phenomenon originates, the macro-climatic signal manifests on the hydroclimatic regime during the same month. On the other hand, the analysis of teleconnections between hydro-meteorological variables and the Quasi-Biennial Oscillation event revealed that there is no statistically significant relationship between these variables. This indicates that the water regime is not dependent on this macro-climatic phenomenon. In conclusion, the water regime in the supplying basins of the city of Santa Marta is influenced by ENSO to a degree of 17 to 33%, and the lack of hydrological monitoring in one of the basins makes the city's water supply system vulnerable. Therefore, it is proposed to conduct a study for instrumenting the basins to establish an efficient monitoring system for proper water resource management and city water supply. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Recent evidence suggests that speech substantially changes in ageing. As a complex neurophysiological process, it can accurately reflect changes in the motor and cognitive systems underpinning human speech. Since healthy ageing is not always easily discriminable from early stages of dementia based on cognitive and behavioural hallmarks, speech is explored as a preclinical biomarker of pathological itineraries in old age. A greater and more specific impairment of neuromuscular activation, as well as a specific cognitive and linguistic impairment in dementia, unchain discriminating changes in speech. Yet, there is no consensus on such discriminatory speech parameters, neither on how they should be elicited and assessed. Aims: To provide a state‐of‐the‐art on speech parameters that allow for early discrimination between healthy and pathological ageing; the aetiology of these parameters; the effect of the type of experimental stimuli on speech elicitation and the predictive power of different speech parameters; and the most promising methods for speech analysis and their clinical implications. Methods & Procedures: A scoping review methodology is used in accordance with the PRISMA model. Following a systematic search of PubMed, PsycINFO and CINAHL, 24 studies are included and analysed in the review. Main Contribution: The results of this review yield three key questions for the clinical assessment of speech in ageing. First, acoustic and temporal parameters are more sensitive to changes in pathological ageing and, of these two, temporal variables are more affected by cognitive impairment. Second, different types of stimuli can trigger speech parameters with different degree of accuracy for the discrimination of clinical groups. Tasks with higher cognitive load are more precise in eliciting higher levels of accuracy. Finally, automatic speech analysis for the discrimination of healthy and pathological ageing should be improved for both research and clinical practice. Conclusions & Implications: Speech analysis is a promising non‐invasive tool for the preclinical screening of healthy and pathological ageing. The main current challenges of speech analysis in ageing are the automatization of its clinical assessment and the consideration of the speaker's cognitive background during evaluation. WHAT THIS PAPER ADDS: What is already known on the subject: Societal aging goes hand in hand with the rising incidence of ageing‐related neurodegenerations, mainly Alzheimer's disease (AD). This is particularly noteworthy in countries with longer life expectancies. Healthy ageing and early stages of AD share a set of cognitive and behavioural characteristics. Since there is no cure for dementias, developing methods for accurate discrimination of healthy ageing and early AD is currently a priority. Speech has been described as one of the most significantly impaired features in AD. Neuropathological alterations in motor and cognitive systems would underlie specific speech impairment in dementia. Since speech can be evaluated quickly, non‐invasively and inexpensively, its value for the clinical assessment of ageing itineraries may be particularly high. What this paper adds to existing knowledge: Theoretical and experimental advances in the assessment of speech as a marker of AD have developed rapidly over the last decade. Yet, they are not always known to clinicians. Furthermore, there is a need to provide an updated state‐of‐the‐art on which speech features are discriminatory to AD, how they can be assessed, what kind of results they can yield, and how such results should be interpreted. This article provides an updated overview of speech profiling, methods of speech measurement and analysis, and the clinical power of speech assessment for early discrimination of AD as the most common cause of dementia. What are the potential or actual clinical implications of this work?: This article provides an overview of the predictive potential of different speech parameters in relation to AD cognitive impairment. In addition, it discusses the effect that the cognitive state, the type of elicitation task and the type of assessment method may have on the results of the speech‐based analysis in ageing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In aggressive environments under a load, steels are subject to chloride corrosion cracking as cracks on the metal surface. This work proposes compositions of steel with additives from groups 5–8, d-transition rare earth metals (REMs) Ni, V, W, and Re, intended to function under constant tensile stresses in an aggressive corrosive environment. Technologies have been developed for the mass industrial production of steel in an electric arc furnace (EAF) with the batch introduction of Ni, V, W, and Re and electromagnetic mixing. For smaller volumes of serial production, electron beam remelting (EBR) with thermal and radiation-chemical effects is used. Studies have shown that the composition of alloying elements in steel during melting in an EAF and electroarc doping is identical and corresponds to that stated; with EBR, the O, P, S, Si, Al, and Ti contents decreased. In the EAF, the use of an ultrahigh purity stainless steel alloy source material does not mix impurity elements P, S, Sn, and Pb with the melt. The mass of losses of alloying elements from the total losses in the EAF is not more than 0.1%–0.15%. Re alloying leads to a stable increase in the conditional yield strength σ0.2 and the tensile strength σv from 20°C to 1200°C, and the strain-to-fracture increased to 62%. Tests for the resistance of steel with additives of d-transition refractory REMs Ni, V, W, and Re against chloride corrosion cracking under the influence of tensile stresses showed that the time to fracture increased by 30%–40%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors that are expressed by T-cells modulate T-cell proliferation, cytotoxicity and cell migration toward chemokines. Several studies have shown an anti-inflammatory effect of NMDA receptor antagonists. This study compares the effect of the noncompetitive low-affinity NMDA receptor antagonist N-(2-adamantyl)-hexamethyleneimine hydrochloride (hemantane) in a topical formulation (gel) with the cyclooxygenase (COX) inhibitor diclofenac in a topical formulation (gel) in rats with arthritis induced by Freund's Complete Adjuvant (FCA). Methods: On day 14 after an FCA injection into the left hind paw, rats with contralateral hind paw edema were selected for further investigation (29/65). They were treated with 5% hemantane gel or 1% diclofenac gel applied locally to hind paws daily for 2 weeks starting 14 days after the FCA injection. Rats with arthritis were examined hind paw edema, hyperalgesia, and motor deficits; their body weight and hematological parameters were recorded. The rats were euthanized on day 28, followed by histological examination of the ankle joint (HE stain). Results: Rats with arthritis exhibited hind paw inflammation and hyperalgesia, motor deficits, changes of hematological parameters, reduced weight gain and spleen hypertrophy. Histological examination of the ankle joint revealed degenerative-dystrophic lesions of the cartilaginous tissue, proliferative inflammation of the synovium, edema and lymphocytic/macrophage infiltration of periarticular tissues. Hemantane gel reduced hind paw edema, pain, motor deficits and histological signs of inflammation; its effect was comparable to diclofenac gel. Conclusion: Hemantane gel alleviates FCA-induced arthritis in rats, and its effect is comparable to diclofenac gel. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

More than 100 types of non-polio enteroviruses (NPEVs) are ubiquitous in the human population and cause a variety of symptoms ranging from very mild to meningitis and acute flaccid paralysis (AFP). Much of the information regarding diverse pathogenic properties of NPEVs comes from the surveillance of poliovirus, which also yields NPEV. The analysis of 265 NPEV isolations from 10,433 AFP cases over 24 years of surveillance and more than 2500 NPEV findings in patients without severe neurological lesions suggests that types EV-A71, E13, and E25 were significantly associated with AFP. EV-A71 was also significantly more common among AFP patients who had fever at the onset and residual paralysis compared to all AFP cases. In addition, a significant disparity was noticed between types that were common in humans (CV-A2, CVA9, EV-A71, E9, and E30) or in sewage (CVA7, E3, E7, E11, E12, and E19). Therefore, there is significant evidence of non-polio viruses being implicated in severe neurological lesions, but further multicenter studies using uniform methodology are needed for a definitive conclusion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]