Search

Although intuitive eating (IE) has become an increasingly adopted intervention target, current conceptualisations of IE have yet to pivot away from (neuro)normative physiology and phenomenology. Autistic individuals commonly report disordered eating behaviours and/or poorer well‐being but appear to benefit from adaptive interventions using an affirmative approach. This article uses autism as a case example to summarise challenges related to IE's prevailing conceptualisation, before proposing how future research and current practice can be extended to the autistic population. Scholars are encouraged to evaluate the full 10‐principal IE framework while utilising a participatory‐led approach. We argue that research using a mixed methods design is urgently needed to comprehensively explore the (re)conceptualisation of IE in autistic people. While IE shows promise for producing positive outcomes in the autistic population, we discuss the potential challenges for research and practice due to its current emphasis on accurate interoception, emotional awareness and processing, and executive functioning. This suggests the need for research and practice to integrate autistic needs and experiences into future developments with an affirmative approach. Public Significance: IE is an effective intervention for reducing disordered eating behaviours. Autistic individuals commonly present disordered eating behaviours and have unique nutritional needs which often require intervention. However, there is limited understanding of IE among the autistic population. Research‐informed definitions involving autistic perspectives will support translating the IE framework to this underrepresented population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To evaluate cross-sectional and longitudinal associations between controlling parental feeding practices in adolescence (i.e., restrictive feeding and pressure-to-eat [PE]) and intuitive eating (IE) in adolescence and emerging adulthood; and explore child gender and parental concern about child weight as moderators. The sample included participants (N = 1,383) from the population-based EAT 2010–2018 study who provided data in adolescence (14.4 ± 2.0 years) and emerging adulthood (22.0 ± 2.0 years) and had at least one caregiver complete surveys in adolescence. Generalized estimating equations evaluated cross-sectional and longitudinal associations between restrictive feeding and PE in adolescence and IE in adolescence and emerging adulthood. Interactions with gender and parental concern over child weight in adolescence were explored. Restrictive feeding was cross-sectionally associated with lower IE in adolescence (b = −0.04), though evidence of moderation by parental weight concern indicated this association was only observed in the context of low parental weight concern. Greater PE was associated with lower adolescent IE among boys but higher IE among girls. Longitudinally, the association between PE in adolescence and IE in emerging adulthood differed by parental weight concern; greater PE predicted higher emerging adult IE at high parental weight concern, but lower IE at low parental weight concern. Controlling feeding practices in adolescence displayed differential associations with child IE in adolescence and emerging adulthood based on child gender and parental concern over child weight. Notably, PE was associated with greater IE among adolescent girls but lower IE among boys. Results suggest that parental feeding is a valuable intervention target. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Intuitive eating (IE) principles present an evidence-based strategy for improving one's relationship with food while reducing the incidence of weight cycling and health risks associated with chronic dieting and weight regain. Offering online programming provides improved access to education while reducing barriers to programme enrollment but is also associated with high rates of attrition. Aim: To examine the process of programme implementation and identify barriers and facilitators of engagement for an online IE programme for employees at a large Midwestern university. Methods: The web-based programme Finding Peace with Food: An Intuitive Eating Approach consisted of an online community with discussion prompts, 10 weekly modules containing videos, activities, and counsellor interviews and was developed using recognized health behaviour theory and evidence-based practices. Participants were university employees (n = 20). Qualitative data were assessed using a phenomenological approach to discern the themes of barriers and facilitators of programme participation. Participation rates were assessed using descriptive statistics. Results: All participants were Caucasian, 85% were female, and their ages ranged from 26–64. The module-based structure was well received. The primary barriers to participation were time constraints, overwhelming amount of information, and aversion to Flipgrid platform use. The quality and usefulness of the programme information were identified as facilitators of participation. Conclusion: Program participation was influenced by the time frame available to complete the programme modules and participants' ease of use of platform applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Intuitive eating (IE) is an adaptive eating construct for which little research exists in eating disorder (ED) samples. IE is negatively correlated with disordered eating behaviors in healthy adolescents and adults, and similar associations have been found in adults with EDs. This study aims to examine IE in a treatment seeking sample of adolescents and their caregivers to understand the role of IE in weight gain during FBT. Methods: Descriptive statistics and bivariate correlations were calculated in a sample of 47 pairs of adolescent patients and their caregivers who initiated outpatient FBT at a large academic medical center. Analyses examined associations between caregiver and adolescent IE on the Intuitive Eating Scale (IES), change in percent expected body weight (%EBW) by session 4 and end of treatment (EOT), clinical impairment, and ED pathology. Results: Significant correlations were found between aspects of adolescent IE, ED symptoms, and clinical impairment. Caregiver IES scores (Reliance on Hunger and Satiety Cues, Body-Food Choice Congruence, IES Total) were negatively related to adolescent ED symptoms (EDE-Q Weight Concerns, EDE-Q Shape Concerns, EDE-Q Global) at baseline. Caregiver IE (Eating for Physical Rather than Emotional Reasons) was positively associated with adolescent weight gain at FBT session 4 and EOT, even when statistically adjusting for gender and initial level of care. Conclusion: Study results were consistent with past research indicating adolescent IE is negatively associated with ED behaviors, cognitions, and impairment. This study is the first to provide evidence that caregiver IE is positively associated with adolescent weight gain in FBT and is the first to provide evidence that caregiver IE is negatively related to adolescent ED symptoms. Future research should examine adolescent and caregiver IE throughout FBT to understand the role of IE in treatment response. Level of evidence: Level III: Evidence obtained from cohort or case-control analytic studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction. Body image dissatisfaction and its associated challenges have been related to poorer health outcomes among adolescents worldwide, including disordered eating behaviour, depression, and anxiety. However, current prevalence estimates of these issues in Aotearoa New Zealand or, relatedly, the estimates of positive attitudes and behaviours, such as intuitive eating and body appreciation are dated. Aim. The primary aim of this paper was to provide updated estimates for a variety of constructs related to eating behaviours and body image, sourced from a diverse range of early adolescent participants. Methods. For this report, a brief online survey was advertised to adolescents throughout Aotearoa New Zealand (n = 893) via school and community noticeboards. Results. Approximately one-in-three male participants and one-intwo female participants reported body image dissatisfaction. One in four participants reported clinically significant symptoms of depression and anxiety. Discussion. Given such issues, there is clearly still much progress to be made in advancing positive health among early adolescents. Identifying potentially protective constructs such as intuitive eating and body appreciation may offer guidance into the best targets for prevention and early intervention. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Intuitive eating is the act of eating in response to physiological hunger and satiety signals. In intuitive eating, environmental and emotional events are not affected, and it is possible to display intuitive eating behavior only by responding to bodily signals. Medical nutrition is a primary method in the treatment of obesity, the prevalence of which is increasing day by day. After medical nutrition therapy, drug therapy and surgical intervention come to mind. In addition to these medical interventions, intuitive eating and eating awareness practices, which are proposed approaches, are also methods with a high level of success in preventing obesity. In this review, the approaches to intuitive eating and the factors affecting intuitive eating behavior are discussed. Emotional eating theories, factors affecting emotional eating, and risk factors are emphasized, and the relationship between intuitive eating and emotional eating is examined. An inverse relationship was found between emotional eating and intuitive eating behaviors, and it was concluded that as the awareness of eating increased, the level of intuitive eating increased and emotional eating behavior decreased. Making peace with food is one of the basic principles of intuitive eating; it has been observed that the behavior of eating without any prejudice and without classifying foods as good or bad increases nutritional pleasure, and it has been concluded that individuals with eating behavior disorders, especially consuming foods that are described as "forbidden," reduce their eating attacks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A weight-inclusive approach to health involves the promotion of intuitive eating, i.e., the individual's ability to be aware of their physiological hunger and satiety cues to determine when and how much to eat, while paying attention to how certain foods affect their body. The second version of the Intuitive Eating Scale (IES-2) evaluates four interrelated traits of intuitive eating: Unconditional Permission to Eat (UPE), Eating for Physical rather than emotional Reasons (EPR), Reliance on internal Hunger/Satiety Cues (RHSC), and Body–Food Choice Congruence (BFCC). In this study, our aim was to evaluate the psychometric properties of a Mexican Spanish adaptation of the IES-2 for pregnant women and examine the relationship between intuitive eating traits and maternal sociodemographic characteristics. A sample of 514 pregnant women answered our IES-2 adaptation and a sociodemographic questionnaire. We determined the quality, validity, and reliability of our adaptation through descriptive measures, frequency distributions, intra-class correlations, and extreme answer group comparison for each item, eliminating those with weak technical properties. We then performed an exploratory principal component analysis and a confirmatory factor analysis. Last, we analyzed the association between intuitive eating and maternal sociodemographic and reproductive variables through correlation tests and multivariable linear regressions. Psychometric tests confirmed the validity and reliability of our IES-2 adaptation, which comprised 18 out of the 23 original items. Notably, both the exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses yielded not four but five factors, due to the EPR subscale splitting in two (the "emotional" and "physical" components of EPR). We attribute this novel finding to the emotional manifestations that naturally accompany pregnancy, which may incline pregnant women to base their eating behaviors more on the emotional than the physical component that would otherwise dominate their EPR trait. Further research is also needed about the UPE subscale during pregnancy, due to item removal and subtle changes in meaning. Finally, the influence of sociodemographic variables on the IES-2 score was extremely low, suggesting that other variables, possibly of a psychological nature, may have greater influence on a pregnant woman's intuitive eating. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: Growing evidence suggests that intuitive eating is associated with numerous positive mental health and well‐being constructs. Understanding factors that predict intuitive eating is necessary for identifying practical targets to enhance this style of eating, yet research identifying such predictors is scarce. Self‐compassion is one variable that could enhance intuitive eating because it involves the practice of healthy emotion regulation skills that may disrupt the tendency to turn to food to cope during distressing situations. The present study tested for a longitudinal association between self‐compassion and intuitive eating. We also tested whether this association was mediated by indices of emotion regulation (i.e., global emotion regulation skill scores and body image flexibility). Method: Adult women (n = 3039) were invited to completed study measures at baseline (T1), 4‐month follow‐up (T2), and 8‐month follow‐up (T3). Path analyses were computed to test hypothesized indirect effects. Results: A direct path from T1 self‐compassion to T3 intuitive eating emerged, such that higher self‐compassion levels predicted increased intuitive eating over time. However, this association was not mediated by T2 emotion regulation skills nor body image flexibility. Conclusion: Findings suggest that self‐compassion may facilitate an intuitive eating style, which does not appear to be explained by certain emotion regulation skills. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This document contains a collection of poster abstracts that cover a wide range of topics related to obesity research. The abstracts explore various aspects of obesity, including its causes, consequences, and management. Topics covered include the impact of family functioning on dietary patterns, the relationship between neural activity and food cravings, the effects of sleep deprivation on food consumption, the association between satiety responsiveness and intuitive eating, and the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on obesity treatment. The studies provide valuable insights into the complex nature of obesity and highlight the need for further research in this field. [Extracted from the article]

IntroductionUniversity students have been particularly affected during the COVID-19 pandemic, and several sociodemographic and behavioral factors may be associated with the risk of overweight in this population. The aim of this study was to assess the impact of the pandemic on the eating behavior and nutritional status of university students, and the factors associated with these changes, especially the role of intuitive eating in this process.MethodsThis is a repeated measures observational study with data collected in the first and third year of the COVID-19 pandemic in Brazil, from students over the age of 18 in the undergraduate programs of a federal university in southeastern Brazil. The survey was conducted using an online form. Eating behavior was assessed using the “Intuitive Eating Scale–2”.Results251 university students took part, most of them female with a median age of 22. There was an increase in body mass index (BMI) and intuitive eating score between the two periods. In the first year of the pandemic, being female and using tobacco reduced the chances of students being overweight. Living in a marital relationship, worrying about weight gain and body dissatisfaction increased the chances of this outcome. In the third year of the pandemic, it was observed that practicing restrictive diets, having inadequate body perception, worrying about weight gain and living in a marital relationship increased the chances of students being overweight. Being female and eating more intuitively, in line with bodily needs, reduced these odds, demonstrating a protective role in this scenario.ConclusionThere was an increase in BMI and intuitive eating score during the pandemic. Sociodemographic, lifestyle and behavioral variables had both a positive and negative influence on nutritional status. Intuitive eating was shown to be a protective factor during this period, reducing the chances of being overweight in this population. Thus, more intuitive eating may favor greater weight stability, and may, therefore, have helped to reduce the impact of the pandemic on weight gain. In this way, people who ate more intuitively partially resisted the context that favored weight gain (stress, changes in diet and physical inactivity).

Intuitive eating (IE) is a concept based on mind–body integration of instinct, emotion and rational thought, to improve eating behaviours, physical and mental health. Several attempts were developed to teach IE principles including text-messaging interventions given that they are easy to implement and low cost.

The dimensional Yale Food Addiction Scale for Children 2.0 (dYFAS-C 2.0) was developed to provide a reliable psychometric measure for assessing food addiction in adolescents, in accordance with the updated addiction criteria proposed in the fifth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual (DSM-5). The present study aimed to evaluate the psychometric properties of the dYFAS-C 2.0 among Portuguese adolescents and pre-adolescents and to explore the relationship between food addiction and other eating behaviors such as grazing and intuitive eating. The participants were 131 Portuguese adolescents and pre-adolescents (53.4% female and 46.6% male) aged between 10 and 15 years (Mage = 11.8) and with a BMI between 11.3 and 35.3 (MBMI z-score = 0.42). Confirmatory Factor Analysis demonstrated an adequate fit for the original one-factor model (χ2 (104) = 182; p < 0.001; CFI = 0.97; TLI = 0.97; NFI = 0.94; SRMR = 0.101; RMSEA = 0.074; 95% CI [0.056; 0.091]). Food addiction was positively correlated with higher grazing (r = 0.69, p < 0.001) and negatively correlated with lower reliance on hunger/satiety cues (r = −0.22, p = 0.015). No significant association was found between food addiction and BMI z-score, or between food addiction and age. The results support the use of dYFAS-C 2.0 as a valid and reliable measure for assessing food addiction in Portuguese adolescents and pre-adolescents. Furthermore, the findings highlight that food addiction may be part of a spectrum of disordered eating behaviors associated with control impairment. Future research with a larger sample size could further elucidate the associations between food addiction and other variables, such as psychological distress and multi-impulsive spectrum behaviors.

Training interoceptive sensitivity (IS) might be a first step in effectively promoting intuitive eating (IE). A dyadic interoception-based pilot randomized controlled trial was conducted to increase IE among couples aged 50+. The training consisted of three exercises, a Body Scan (BS), a hunger exercise (HU), and a satiety (SA) exercise. This study explored how spouses accepted the (dyadic vs. single) training. In a mixed-methods convergence design, the findings of a survey (n = 68 couples) and focus groups (n = 4) were synthesized. Moderate general acceptance (e.g., regarding feasibility and low burden) and a hierarchical gradient in favor of the BS (e.g., pleasantness and improved sleep quality) emerged. Barriers concerned a perceived lack of the exercises’ usefulness and a limited understanding of the training purpose. A wish for regular feedback and exchange with the study stuff and other participants was expressed. Spousal training involvement was experienced as being rather beneficial. Previously harmonized dietary practices and daily routines appeared as constructive pre-conditions for the joint training. This study highlights the potential and implications of training couples in IS. Future interventions should involve a regular exchange and closer guidance by study staff to promote a better understanding of the processes and goals of IS and IE.

Abstract Objective: To examine: (1) cross-sectional and longitudinal associations between measures of food insecurity (FI; household status and youth-reported) and intuitive eating (IE) from adolescence to emerging adulthood; and (2) the association between FI persistence and IE in emerging adulthood. Design: Longitudinal population-based study. Young people reported IE and FI (two items from the US Household Food Security Module) in adolescence and emerging adulthood. Parents provided data on household FI via the six-item US Household Food Security Module in adolescence. Setting: Adolescents (M age = 14·3 ± 2 years) and their parents, recruited from Minneapolis/St. Paul public schools in 2009–2010 and again in 2017–2018 as emerging adults (M age = 22·1 ± 2 years). Participants: The analytic sample (n 1372; 53·1 % female, 46·9 % male) was diverse across race/ethnicity (19·8 % Asian, 28·5 % Black, 16·6 % Latinx, 14·7 % Multiracial/Other and 19·9 % White) and socio-economic status (58·6 % low/lower middle, 16·8 % middle and 21·0 % upper middle/high). Results: In cross-sectional analyses, youth-reported FI was associated with lower IE during adolescence (P = 0·02) and emerging adulthood (P < 0·001). Longitudinally, household FI, but not adolescent experience of FI, was associated with lower IE in emerging adulthood (P = 0·01). Those who remained food-insecure (P = 0·05) or became food-insecure (P = 0·02) had lower IE in emerging adulthood than those remaining food-secure. All effect sizes were small. Conclusions: Results suggest FI may exert immediate and potentially lasting impacts on IE. As evidence suggests IE is an adaptive approach conferring benefits beyond eating, it would be valuable for interventions to address social and structural barriers that could impede IE.

Abstract Background There are no known published reports on outcomes for medically and psychiatrically compromised patients with binge eating disorder (BED) treated remotely in higher level of care settings. This case report presents outcomes of an intentionally remote weight-inclusive partial hospitalization and intensive outpatient program based on Health at Every Size® and intuitive eating principles. Case presentation The patient presented with an extensive trauma background and long history of disturbed eating and body image. She was diagnosed with BED along with several comorbidities, most notably major depressive disorder with suicidality and non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus. She completed a total of 186 days in the comprehensive, multidisciplinary treatment program encompassing individual and group therapy, as well as other supportive services such as meal support and in vivo exposure sessions. Upon discharge, her BED was in remission, her major depressive disorder was in partial remission, and she no longer exhibited signs of suicidality. Overall, she showed decreases in eating disorder, depressive, and anxiety symptoms as well as increases in quality of life and intuitive eating throughout treatment, which were largely maintained after one year. Conclusions This case highlights the potential of remote treatment as an option for individuals with BED, especially in cases where access to higher levels of care might be limited. These findings exemplify how a weight-inclusive approach can be effectively applied when working with this population.

BackgroundThe association between body weight perception and intuitive eating among undergraduate students in China remains insufficiently understood. In the present study, we were aimed to examine the correlation between body weight perception, body image, and intuitive eating and determine whether the link between body weight perception and intuitive eating was influenced by body image.MethodsA total of 1,050 undergraduate students completed the survey. Participants provided self-reported demographic details and completed two structured scales. The Body Esteem Scale for Adolescents and Adults (BESAA) and the Intuitive Eating Scale-2 (IES-2) were employed to assess body image and intuitive eating. Analysis of the mediation model was conducted using version 4.1 of the PROCESS Macro. Results with a value of p less than 0.05 were deemed statistically significant.ResultsThe average age of the participants was 20.08 years (SD = 1.64). Among the students, 837 (79.7%) were female, and 212 (20.3%) were male. Body image (r = −0.429, p

Background and objectives: Intuitive nutrition represents a disputed topic when subjects about weight loss and diets are approached worldwide. The current study aims to emphasize the causal relationship between emotional status and intuitive eating, starting from the hypothesis that a nutritional imbalance can be determined by an emotional imbalance. Materials and Methods: This prospective study included 73 subjects, aged between 18-70, with a sex ratio of 21:52 male to female and it was designed to use digital methods to collect data from the sample of subjects through online questionnaires, collection software and automatic statistical analysis of data. The collected data was analysed in parallel using the Minitab software and Office Excel. Results: Data processing confirmed the working hypothesis, namely that emotional status influences the way of eating and intuitive eating can contribute to maintaining emotional balance. Also, the statistical analysis show Mean=24.33, SD= 14.46, a Median of 17 and a level of Confidence of 35.94%. Conclusions: Intuitive nutrition can be a helpful factor in maintaining emotional balance directly related to nutrition. Disturbance of emotional balance facilitates the adoption of a way of nutrition that can be classified under the category of eating disorders, attracting a procession of somatic and psychological consequences.

Introduction: Eating behavior models such as intuitive eating (IE) and mindful eating (ME) have recently gained importance in a role in providing glycemic control. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the effect of intuitive eating and mindful eating on the dietary treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and to investigate their relationship with glycemic control and obesity. Methods: A total of 153 patients who were diagnosed with T2DM within at least one year and aged between 19 and 64 years were included. Descriptive characteristics of the patients were questioned using face-to-face interviews and anthropometric measurements The Intuitive Eating Scale 2 (IES-2) was used to evaluate intuitive eating behaviors and the Mindful Eating Questionnaire (MEQ) was used to assess mindful eating behaviors. Results: The total IES-2 score was higher in patients with T2DM who had inadequate glycemic control (p

Objective: We aimed to explore the potential associations between screen use while eating and intuitive eating and disordered (thinness‐oriented and muscularity‐oriented) eating behaviors. Methods: Analyses included 600 Chinese adults (50% women; Mage = 30.67, SD = 8.08) recruited online. The use of four major screen devices was captured, including cell phones, tablets, computers, and TVs. Three types of eating behaviors were examined, namely intuitive eating, thinness‐oriented disordered eating, and muscularity‐oriented disordered eating. Pearson correlation and hierarchical regression analyses were conducted separately for men and women to examine the sex‐specific associations between screen use while eating and intuitive eating, thinness‐oriented disordered eating, and muscularity‐oriented disordered eating. Results: In both men and women, more screen use while eating was significantly associated with lower intuitive eating, higher thinness‐oriented disordered eating, and higher muscularity‐oriented disordered eating, above and beyond total screen time and social media use. Discussion: We found preliminary evidence for the significant links between screen use while eating and intuitive eating and disordered eating. Given the global increases in screen use, continued research is warranted to further explore the role of screen use while eating in the development and maintenance of intuitive eating and disordered eating. Public Significance: Much remains unknown regarding screen use while eating and eating behaviors. We found that in both Chinese men and women, more screen use while eating was significantly and uniquely associated with lower intuitive eating, higher thinness‐oriented disordered eating, and higher muscularity‐oriented disordered eating. Findings highlight the importance of incorporating screen use while eating in future research on intuitive eating and disordered eating. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Emotion regulation difficulties are a significant concern in the realm of eating disorders, serving as either contributing factors or ongoing challenges. While extensive research has explored these issues within prominent eating disorders like anorexia (AN) and bulimia nervosa (BN), there is a noticeable gap when it comes to understanding emotion regulation difficulties (ERD) and intuitive eating (IE) characteristics in the context of orthorexia nervosa (ON). This study aims to bridge this knowledge gap by introducing a quantitative approach to investigate ERD and IE in a Turkish population affected by ON, involving 159 participants. The study's primary findings reveal that ON represents a non-adaptive eating behavior inherently marked by ERD. Notably, a significant gender difference was observed, indicating that men exhibit a higher likelihood of displaying orthorexic tendencies compared to women. Prior research has highlighted the importance of ERD and the absence of IE in the context of AN and BN. This study extends these findings to assert that these emotional factors also constitute critical criteria in the understanding and treatment of ON. Thus, clinicians should be attentive to the emotional aspects when addressing individuals affected by ON. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The role of childhood food experiences (CFEs) in determining future eating behaviors remains unclear. The aim of the study was to examine the link between CFEs and selected eating styles (ESs), i.e., intuitive (IE), restrained (ResEat) and external (ExtEat) eating, among 708 Polish adults aged 18–65 (477 women and 231 men). CFEs were measured with the Adults' Memories of Feeding in Childhood questionnaire. Polish versions of the Intuitive Eating Scale-2 and Dutch Eating Behavior Questionnaire were used to assess ESs. Mann-Whitney U test was used to compare ESs scores between those with lower and higher CFEs. In the total sample, "Restrictions" and "Pressure and Food Reward" parental feeding practices favored lower IE, while "Healthy Eating Guidance" and "Monitoring" practices predisposed higher levels of IE in adulthood. "Restrictions" were found to correlate with greater chances of ResEat, whereas "Healthy Eating Guidance" was linked with lower probability of ResEat. "Pressure and Food Reward" and "Monitoring" were associated with higher score for ExtEat. "Restrictions", "Child Control", "Monitoring" and "Healthy Eating Guidance" practices were differently linked to ESs in women and men. The findings suggest that education programs for parents should focus on the long-term consequences of feeding practices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Eating behaviors encompass disordered eating behaviors (e.g., overeating, binge eating, and associated symptoms of binge eating) and intuitive eating. Certain disordered eating behaviors, including binge eating, are more prevalent among female and ethnic/racial-minority college students than male and/or non-Hispanic White college students. However, sex and ethnic/racial differences among college students with other disordered eating (e.g., associated symptoms of binge eating) and intuitive eating behaviors remain unclear. Methods: In 2022, 887 college students (Mage = 20.9 ± 2.6 years) self-reported their sex, ethnicity/race, disordered eating behaviors (e.g., overeating, binge eating, associated symptoms of binge eating), and intuitive eating. To examine sex and ethnic/racial differences among these students, we used modified Poisson regressions for students who reported disordered eating and linear regressions for students who reported intuitive eating. Results: Except for overeating, disordered eating behaviors were more prevalent among female [adjusted prevalence ratio (aPR) = 1.3-1.8] than male college students after adjusting for sociodemographic variables, whereas intuitive eating scores did not differ by sex. Across ethnic/racial groups, disordered eating was more prevalent among all ethnic/racial-minority college students (aPR = 1.2-2.3) than non-Hispanic White college students after adjusting for sociodemographic variables. Moreover, non-Hispanic Black or African American college students had higher intuitive eating scores than non-Hispanic White college students (adjusted ß = 0.7, 95% CI = -0.2, 1.6). Conclusion: In our sample, notable differences emerged in the prevalence of disordered eating behaviors and mean scores by sex and ethnicity/race, while differences in intuitive eating scores emerged based on ethnicity/race. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and objectives: Intuitive nutrition represents a disputed topic when subjects about weight loss and diets are approached worldwide. The current study aims to emphasize the causal relationship between emotional status and intuitive eating, starting from the hypothesis that a nutritional imbalance can be determined by an emotional imbalance. Materials and Methods: This prospective study included 73 subjects, aged between 18-70, with a sex ratio of 21:52 male to female and it was designed to use digital methods to collect data from the sample of subjects through online questionnaires, collection software and automatic statistical analysis of data. The collected data was analysed in parallel using the Minitab software and Office Excel. Results: Data processing confirmed the working hypothesis, namely that emotional status influences the way of eating and intuitive eating can contribute to maintaining emotional balance. Also, the statistical analysis show Mean=24.33, SD= 14.46, a Median of 17 and a level of Confidence of 35.94%. Conclusions: Intuitive nutrition can be a helpful factor in maintaining emotional balance directly related to nutrition. Disturbance of emotional balance facilitates the adoption of a way of nutrition that can be classified under the category of eating disorders, attracting a procession of somatic and psychological consequences. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Intuitive eating is based on physiological signals to know what, when and how much to eat. This approach is based on 10 principles that seek to respect internal hunger and satiety signals, instead of eating according to situational and emotional changes. Objective: The present study aimed to evaluate the correlation between intuitive eating and body appreciation in university students in the state of Minas Gerais. Materials and Methods: The research was a cross-sectional study with a quantitative design, with the application of three types of questionnaires, answered only by university women aged 18 to 35 years in the state of Minas Gerais. Data refer to social and demographic characteristics, eating behavior and body image were obtained through tests: Form previously created for sociodemographic classification, Intuitive Eating Scale - 2 (IES - 2) and Body Appreciation Scale - 2 (BAS - 2), in the validated version in Portuguese. Results: The findings revealed that individuals with higher BMI had lower body appreciation and lower levels of intuitive eating. In addition, intuitive eating and body appreciation were positively associated with each other, indicating that the greater the body appreciation, the more intuitively the individual tends to eat. Conclusion: It is concluded that individuals who practice intuitive eating tend to have higher levels of body appreciation and lower BMI. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Despite recent research suggesting body dissatisfaction and disordered eating are growing concerns in men, few studies have examined these trends. Self-compassion has been shown to have positive effects on women's outcomes in eating disorder diagnoses and in body image contexts. However, research investigating the association between self-compassion and body related outcomes in men has been lacking. Additionally, research suggests that men face societal pressure to conform to masculine norms which may impact their body image and eating behaviour. Thus, the present study was designed to study the relationship between self-compassion and body related outcomes in men (i.e., intuitive eating and body parts satisfaction). This study also explored conformity to masculine norms as a potential moderator of the relationship between self-compassion and body related outcomes. Data was collected from 249 men (Mage = 23.20, SD = 3.70). through an online survey. The survey included measures assessing intuitive eating, body (self)-compassion, body satisfaction, fear of self-compassion, self-esteem and conformity to masculine norms. Regression analysis using a mean centered predictor showed that self (body)- compassion was significantly and positively associated with intuitive eating and body parts satisfaction, however, conformity to masculine norms failed to moderate either relationship. These findings offer insight into the benefits of practicing selfcompassion for men. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This brief narrative review aims to give an up-to-date overview of intuitive and mindful eating (I/ME) interventions with specific focus on cardiometabolic risk factors, including glucose, lipid profile, blood pressure and inflammatory markers. I/ME intervention studies in adults which measured at least one physiological parameter other than weight were identified from PubMed. The clinical trial/randomized controlled trial filters and publication dates 2001 through April 2021 with variations of the following keywords were applied: intuitive eating, mindful eating, weight neutral. Ten articles were identified. Of the 10 studies, seven showed I/ME interventions were more effective than control in at least one cardiometabolic outcome, two showed significant I/ME within-group improvements but no between-group differences, and one showed neither within-group nor between-group differences. Specifically, I/ME improved glucose levels among pregnant women with or without gestational diabetes, lipid profile among adults with overweight or obesity, blood pressure among participants with overweight and inflammatory markers among post-menopausal women with obesity. However, the positive impact of I/ME on each of these cardiometabolic parameters was not consistent across studies: of the six studies that examined glucose regulation, two demonstrated positive outcomes for I/ME group, whereas four found no effect compared to control. Three out of five studies had positive lipid effects, one out of five demonstrated systolic blood pressure (SBP) improvements and one of two showed improvements in inflammatory markers. Given these mixed results, more research is needed to understand the possible effectiveness of I/ME to improve cardiometabolic health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Bariatric surgery works, in part, by surgically changing signals of hunger and satiety to achieve weight loss. Not all patients experience optimal outcomes. One potential explanation is that post-surgery dieting may subvert the ability to identify physiological cues of hunger and fullness. Dieting behaviours (e.g. restriction/cognitive restraint) are correlated with disordered eating, and disordered eating implicated in poor outcomes. This study examines the experience of dieting after bariatric surgery. Method: Seventeen adult participants who had undertaken bariatric surgery and residing in Australia participated in semi-structured interviews. Surgeries occurred in 2021 (n = 8), 2020 (n = 4), 2019 (n = 2), and one participant each had surgery in 2014, 2009, and 2004. Thematic analysis elicited themes related to post-operative dieting. Results: All participants reported chronic pre-surgery dieting. Lifestyle change was the overarching post-surgical theme comprising (i) flexibility (e.g. allowing food, intuitive eating), and (ii) control, comprising surgery control (e.g. set portions, surgery instilled control) and dieting control (e.g. discipline, restriction/restraint). Descriptions of lifestyle change often mirrored pre-surgery descriptions of dieting. Conclusion: Post-surgery lifestyle change appears to encompass a tension between flexible/adaptive approaches to eating and the need to maintain control. Control may emerge as practices that mirror pre-surgery dieting with the potential to interfere with adaptive eating behaviours or promote disordered eating. Dieting behaviours may be a precursor to the development of disordered eating. Health care practitioners should regularly assess dieting behaviour post-surgery to enable early intervention where warranted. Future research should consider how post-surgery re-emerging dieting may be identified and measured to aid in intervention. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Evidence supports that intuitive eating is associated with many indicators of positive physical and mental health, with more recent longitudinal studies establishing causality. Most research, however, comprises either survey data or clinical trials. This study attempts to fill this evidentiary gap by using a qualitative methodology to explore people's understandings and reactions to intuitive eating, including perceived barriers and enablers to implementation. Three focus group discussions were conducted in a non-metropolitan region of Victoria, Australia, with a total of 23 participants. Focus group transcripts were thematically analysed using an inductive descriptive approach within a constructionist perspective. Findings indicate that the concept of intuitive eating was either unknown or misunderstood. Once intuitive eating was explained, most responses to implementing intuitive eating were negative. Participants felt that having complete choice around what they ate was unlikely to equate to a healthy or balanced diet, at least in the short term. They also argued that because everyday life was not intuitive in its structures, it would be difficult to eat intuitively. Despite these difficulties, participants appreciated that if they were able to overcome the various barriers and achieve a state of intuitive eating, they anticipated a range of long-term benefits to health and weight management. For intuitive eating to become a viable public health approach, this research suggests that intuitive eating needs to be much more widely publicised and better explained, and perhaps renamed. More significantly, people would need assistance with how to eat intuitively given the barriers identified. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The aim of the present study was to identify eaters profiles using the latest advantages of Machine Learning approach to cluster analysis. Methods: A total of 317 participants completed an online-based survey including self-reported measures of body image dissatisfaction, bulimia, restraint, and intuitive eating. Analyses were conducted in two steps: (a) identifying an optimal number of clusters, and (b) validating the clustering model of eaters profile using a procedure inspired by the Causal Reasoning approach. Results: This study reveals a 7-cluster model of eaters profiles. The characteristics, needs, and strengths of each eater profile are discussed along with the presentation of a continuum of eaters profiles. Conclusions: This conceptualization of eaters profiles could guide the direction of health education and treatment interventions targeting perceptual and eating dimensions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Interoception refers to processes through which the nervous system identifies, analyzes, and integrates the information generated by the physiological state of the body (e.g., from internal organs such as the stomach, heart, or lungs). Despite its potential interest for clinical research and its wide use globally, no Arabic adaptation and validation of the Multidimensional Assessment of Interoceptive Awareness (MAIA-2) questionnaire exists to date. The goal of this study was to examine the psychometric properties of an Arabic translation of the MAIA-2 in a sample of Arabic-speaking community adults from Lebanon. We hypothesized that the Arabic version of the MAIA-2 would yield adequate internal consistency coefficients; the 8-factor structure model would show a good fit to our data, with measurement invariance and good convergent validity. Method: The Arabic adaptation of the MAIA-2 was developed using the forward–backward translation method. A non-clinical sample of Arabic-speaking adults (n = 359, 59.9% females, mean age = 22.75 years (SD = 7.04)) took part of this validation study. To check if the model was adequate, several fit indices were calculated: the normed model chi-square (χ²/df), the Steiger-Lind root mean square error of approximation (RMSEA), the Tucker-Lewis Index (TLI) and the comparative fit index (CFI). Values ≤ 3 for χ²/df, and ≤ 0.08 for RMSEA, and 0.90 for CFI and TLI indicate good fit of the model to the data. Results: Confirmatory Factor Analyses corroborated the validity of the original 8-factor structure of the MAIA-2 [χ2/df = 1603.86/601 = 2.67, RMSEA = 0.068 (90% CI 0.064, 0.072), SRMR = 0.058, CFI = 0.903, TLI = 0.892]. Reliability estimates in our sample revealed good internal consistency, with McDonald's ω coefficients for the subscales ranging from 0.86 to 0.93. Our analyses also revealed measurement invariance of the Arabic MAIA-2 for gender. No statistically significant difference between men and women in all dimensions, except for the not worrying and attention regulation subscales where men scored significantly higher than women. Finally, the Arabic MAIA-2 dimensions showed positive correlations with the intuitive eating dimension "Reliance on Hunger and Satiety Cues", thus providing support for convergent validity. Conclusion: We contribute the literature by providing the first Arabic adaptation and validation of a measure assessing the multidimensional construct of self-reported interoception. The Arabic MAIA-2 demonstrated good psychometric properties. We thus preliminarily recommend its use to measure the interoceptive awareness construct among Arabic-speaking communities worldwide. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To investigate the role of internalization of body image ideals as a potential mediator between perceived body acceptance and intuitive eating among college students. 168 undergraduates completed the Body Acceptance By Others Scale (BAOS), Sociocultural Attitudes Toward Appearance Questionnaire-3 (SATAQ-3; Internalization-Total and -General, -Athletic subscales), and Intuitive Eating Scale (IES). Internalization-Total mediated the relationship between BAOS and IES (b=.19, p<.001). Internalization-General was a significant mediator of the BAOS-IES relationship (b=.14, p=.006), while Internalization-Athletic was not (p=.993). Post-hoc analyses stratified by gender followed similar patterns, aside from a negative but nonsignificant relationship between Internalization-Athletic and IES in men (b=–.16, p=.650). These data suggest that internalization of general (i.e., thin) body image ideals may be more destructive to body satisfaction and adaptive eating styles in college students than athletic-ideal internalization. More research is needed to examine the role of athletic-ideal internalization on body image and eating behaviors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An intuitive style in eating decision‐making, for example, basing decisions on one's gut feeling, has been related to a less healthy diet, whereas deliberately deciding what to eat, such as making plans about eating behavior, has been related to a healthier diet. The present study investigated whether nutrition knowledge, food preferences, and habit strength for healthy and unhealthy eating moderate these relationships. In total, 1245 participants took part in a preregistered cross‐sectional online survey. Results revealed that neither nutrition knowledge, nor liking of healthy or unhealthy foods, nor habit strength for healthy or unhealthy eating interacted with the preference for intuition or deliberation in eating decision‐making in affecting dietary intake (βs ≤ |.06|; ts ≤ |2.11|; ps ≥.035). Instead, including the potential moderating variables in analyses rendered the effect of a preference for intuition largely non‐significant. In contrast, the positive effect of a preference for deliberation was largely stable even when including the potential moderating variables. Thus, the present study confirms the general health‐promoting effect of a preference for deliberation in eating decision‐making. In contrast, results speak in favor of a generally minor role of a preference for intuition for healthy or unhealthy eating. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Intuitive eating (IE) is a concept based on mind–body integration of instinct, emotion and rational thought, to improve eating behaviours, physical and mental health. Several attempts were developed to teach IE principles including text-messaging interventions given that they are easy to implement and low cost. Objective: The present study aimed to assess the effectiveness of a 5-week text message-based IE intervention on IE, while correcting for perceived stress (PS) and self-compassion (SC). Design: A randomised controlled trial. Setting: Online, in Lebanon. Participants: Adults (n 195) were randomised into one of three groups: the active IE group receiving IE-related messages with a practice exercise, the passive IE group receiving only IE-related messages and the control group receiving general health-related tips. Ten messages were delivered over 5 weeks. Two follow-ups were made: directly post-intervention and 7 weeks later. Baseline data and follow-ups included demographics, nutrition-related variables and measures of IE, SC and PS. Results: Results indicated improvements in IE scores in the two intervention groups (P = 0·05), with the passive IE group showing the most improvement. Also, a significant improvement in SC (Λ = 0·88, F (2, 63) = 4·40, P = 0·01) and reduction in PS (Λ = 0·86, F (2, 63) = 5·21, P = 0·008) were observed in the active IE group. Conclusion: Text-messaging interventions might be efficient in enhancing IE. Results shed light on the need for further large-scale interventions that use visual aids and provide practical guidance to teach IE, while further characterising the relation between IE, SC and stress. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Plain English Summary Diet restriction has proven costly and ineffective in promoting long-term weight loss. As an alternative, innovative behavioral approaches have been proposed, such as intuitive eating (IE) practices. IE focuses on enhancing intrinsic motivation for eating healthily, thus creating effective, sustainable lifestyle changes. The Intuitive Eating Scale-2 (IES-2) is the most widely used measure to assess IE in patients and the general population. This scale explores four components of IE: Unconditional Permission to Eat (i.e., not trying to stave off hunger and refusing to label certain foods as forbidden), Eating for Physical Rather than Emotional Reasons (i.e., eating when physically hungry rather than for emotional reasons), Reliance on Hunger and Satiety Cues (i.e., trusting one’s own internal satiety and hunger cues and relying on them to guide eating behaviors), and Body-Food Choice Congruence (i.e., the extent to which individuals make food choices that promote their body functioning and performance). Since its development, the IES-2 has been translated into different languages and validated in different countries and populations. However, no Arabic version of the IES-2 is yet available. We proposed in the current study to examine the psychometric properties of an Arabic translation of the IES-2 in an Arabic-speaking community population from Lebanon. Findings provided preliminary evidence for the appropriate psychometric qualities of the Arabic IES-2; thereby supporting its use at least among Arabic-speaking community adults.

Intuitive eating (IE) is a non-dieting approach that promotes listening to internal cues of hunger and satiety, rather than adhering to external dietary restrictions aimed at weight loss. However, the role of IE in dieting behaviors related to weight-loss approaches is still unclear. To address this issue, the aim of this study was to compare IE levels between dieting and non-dieting individuals, exploring the relationship between IE and dieting-related psychological and physical factors. A sample of 2059 females was recruited via social media and self-reported questionnaires were administered to measure IE, eating psychopathology, self-efficacy, and quality of life. Individuals with a history of dieting exhibited lower IE levels, a higher BMI, and a greater eating psychopathology, as well as a reduced self-efficacy and quality of life, compared to non-dieters. IE showed a protective effect against dieting behaviors, with higher IE levels being associated with a lower likelihood of dieting. Additionally, higher BMI and eating psychopathology were predictors of dieting. Promoting IE could represent a relevant clinical target strategy to address disordered eating and enhance overall well-being, underscoring the need for interventions that foster a healthier relationship with food and bodily internal sensations.

Intuitive eating involves following body signals to guide eating decisions and avoiding restrictive diets. Mindful eating is paying full attention to sensory experiences and fostering nonjudgmental awareness. We aimed to elucidate potential relationships between beverage intake and intuitive and mindful eating scores. This cross-sectional exploratory study (October 2021–December 2022) enrolled adult male and female participants who provided sociodemographic and health-related information and subsequently completed the Beverage Intake Questionnaire, the Mindful Eating Questionnaire (MEQ-30), and the Intuitive Eating Scale (IES-2). Bidirectional relationships were observed between beverage intake and intuitive and mindful eating scores. The total beverage intake of males was double compared with that of females, with the intake being mainly derived from sugar-sweetened beverages (p = 0.000). Increased total water intake was positively correlated with IES-2 and its subscale scores and was negatively correlated with MEQ-30 scores in both sexes (p < 0.05). Alcoholic beverage intake was associated with reductions in IES-2 and MEQ-30 scores, whereas unconditional permission to eat increased by 18.3% in males. In females, the consumption of milk-based beverages decreased the IES-2 scores. Understanding the complex relationships between beverage intake and intuitive and mindful eating may deepen our understanding of individual dietary behaviors and inform dietary interventions.

Background: The role of mindful eating (ME) and intuitive eating (IE) in improving eating behavior, diet quality, and health is an area of increasing interest. Objective: The objective of this review was to identify the instruments used to assess ME and IE among higher education students and outcomes related to these dimensions. Methods: This review was carried out according to the PRISMA statement, through systematic searches in PubMed, Web of Science, PsycInfo, and Scopus. The inclusion criteria selected for higher education students, levels of ME and/or IE reported, and observational and clinical studies. The exclusion criteria selected against reviews, qualitative studies, and case studies. Quality was assessed using the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics Quality Criteria Checklist. Results: A total of 516 initial records were identified, from which 75 were included. Cross-sectional studies were the most common research design (86.7%). Most studies were conducted with samples that were predominantly female (90.7%), White (76.0%), aged 18 to 22 years (88.4%), with BMI < 25 kg/m2 (83.0%), and in the United States (61.3%). The Intuitive Eating Scale (IES), the Mindful Eating Questionnaire (MEQ), and their different versions were the most used instruments. The outcomes most studies included were eating behavior and disorders (77.3%), anthropometric assessments (47.8%), mental health (42.0%), and body image (40.6%). Regarding the quality of studies, 34.7% of studies were assigned a positive, 1.3% a negative, and 64.0% a neutral rate. Conclusions: IES and MEQ were the most used instruments. RCT and cohort studies are scarce, and future research with a higher level of quality is needed, especially on the topics of food consumption, diet quality, and biochemical markers.

Pre-pregnancy overweight and obesity are associated with increased risk for adverse outcomes, such as gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). This study investigated weight trajectories, eating behaviors, and metabolic consequences in women with GDM during pregnancy and postpartum according to pre-pregnancy BMI. We prospectively included 464 women with GDM. Intuitive eating (Intuitive Eating Scale-2 questionnaire), gestational weight gain (GWG), postpartum weight retention (PPWR) at 6–8 weeks and 1-year postpartum, and glucose intolerance (prediabetes and diabetes) at 1-year were assessed. Women with obesity (WOB) had lower GWG but gained more weight in the postpartum (p < 0.0001). PPWR at 1-year did not differ across BMI categories (p = 0.63), whereas postpartum weight loss was most pronounced in women with normal weight (p < 0.0001), and within this category, in their lowest tertile (p < 0.05). Intuitive eating was not linked to perinatal weight changes but differed among BMI categories. PPWR predicted a 2.5-fold increased risk of glucose intolerance at 1-year independent of pre-pregnancy BMI (p < 0.001), and the adverse metabolic impact of PPWR was most pronounced in WOB with odds of increased risk of glucose intolerance 8.9 times higher (95% CI 2.956;26.968). These findings suggest an adaptive capacity to relatively rapid weight changes in the perinatal period that is less present with higher BMI.

Objective We aimed to evaluate the relationship between intuitive eating, mindful eating, emotional eating and dietary restraint behaviors and the role of gender in these relationships. Material and Method This study was conducted with 522 participants aged 18-65. Questionnaire about sociodemographic characteristics and general eating habits, Intuitive Eating Scale-2 (IES-2), Mindful Eating Questionnaire-30 (MEQ-30), and Emotional Eating and Restraint Eating Subscale of Dutch Eating Behavior Questionnaire (DEBQ) were administered to the participants. Results DEBQ Restraint Eating, and Emotional Eating subscale scores were found to be higher in women. The total scores of IES-2 and MEQ-30 were found to be higher in the group with Body Mass Index (BMI)

IntroductionEating behaviors encompass disordered eating behaviors (e.g., overeating, binge eating, and associated symptoms of binge eating) and intuitive eating. Certain disordered eating behaviors, including binge eating, are more prevalent among female and ethnic/racial-minority college students than male and/or non-Hispanic White college students. However, sex and ethnic/racial differences among college students with other disordered eating (e.g., associated symptoms of binge eating) and intuitive eating behaviors remain unclear.MethodsIn 2022, 887 college students (Mage = 20.9 ± 2.6 years) self-reported their sex, ethnicity/race, disordered eating behaviors (e.g., overeating, binge eating, associated symptoms of binge eating), and intuitive eating. To examine sex and ethnic/racial differences among these students, we used modified Poisson regressions for students who reported disordered eating and linear regressions for students who reported intuitive eating.ResultsExcept for overeating, disordered eating behaviors were more prevalent among female [adjusted prevalence ratio (aPR) = 1.3–1.8] than male college students after adjusting for sociodemographic variables, whereas intuitive eating scores did not differ by sex. Across ethnic/racial groups, disordered eating was more prevalent among all ethnic/racial-minority college students (aPR = 1.2–2.3) than non-Hispanic White college students after adjusting for sociodemographic variables. Moreover, non-Hispanic Black or African American college students had higher intuitive eating scores than non-Hispanic White college students (adjusted β = 0.7, 95% CI = −0.2, 1.6).ConclusionIn our sample, notable differences emerged in the prevalence of disordered eating behaviors and mean scores by sex and ethnicity/race, while differences in intuitive eating scores emerged based on ethnicity/race.

Objective: To examine: (1) cross-sectional and longitudinal associations between measures of food insecurity (FI; household status and youth-reported) and intuitive eating (IE) from adolescence to emerging adulthood; and (2) the association between FI persistence and IE in emerging adulthood. Design: Longitudinal population-based study. Young people reported IE and FI (two items from the US Household Food Security Module) in adolescence and emerging adulthood. Parents provided data on household FI via the six-item US Household Food Security Module in adolescence. Setting: Adolescents (M age = 14·3 ± 2 years) and their parents, recruited from Minneapolis/St. Paul public schools in 2009–2010 and again in 2017–2018 as emerging adults (M age = 22·1 ± 2 years). Participants: The analytic sample (n 1372; 53·1 % female, 46·9 % male) was diverse across race/ethnicity (19·8 % Asian, 28·5 % Black, 16·6 % Latinx, 14·7 % Multiracial/Other and 19·9 % White) and socio-economic status (58·6 % low/lower middle, 16·8 % middle and 21·0 % upper middle/high). Results: In cross-sectional analyses, youth-reported FI was associated with lower IE during adolescence (P = 0·02) and emerging adulthood (P < 0·001). Longitudinally, household FI, but not adolescent experience of FI, was associated with lower IE in emerging adulthood (P = 0·01). Those who remained food-insecure (P = 0·05) or became food-insecure (P = 0·02) had lower IE in emerging adulthood than those remaining food-secure. All effect sizes were small. Conclusions: Results suggest FI may exert immediate and potentially lasting impacts on IE. As evidence suggests IE is an adaptive approach conferring benefits beyond eating, it would be valuable for interventions to address social and structural barriers that could impede IE. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Intuitive eating is an adaptive and flexible form of eating. Men report higher rates of intuitive eating than women. Objectification processes are proposed to underlie this (binary) gender difference due to the intense body-related pressures that disrupt body image in women. The current study is the first known to test whether body image indirectly explains lower levels of intuitive eating in women relative to men. A cross-sectional sample of 498 adults aged 18–74 years recruited through Prolific completed an online survey assessing intuitive eating and negative and positive body image indicators. Women reported poorer body image and lower levels of intuitive eating compared to men. Significant indirect effects suggested body image explained gender differences in intuitive eating, controlling for age and body mass index. In women relative to men, greater body surveillance and lower aesthetic satisfaction explained lower total intuitive eating and reliance on hunger and satiety, greater aesthetic investment explained lower total intuitive eating and eating for physical reasons, and lower functionality investment explained lower body-food choice congruence. More research is needed, but findings suggest programs may benefit from decreasing critical views of appearance and strengthening functionality investment in women to reduce gender differences in intuitive eating. • Consistent evidence indicates intuitive eating is lower in women compared to men. • Multiple dimensions of body image explain gender differences in intuitive eating. • Indirect effects for aesthetic indices were significant across intuitive eating models. • Functional investment was significant only on body-food choice congruence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Sports Sciences Research / Spor Bilimleri Araştırmaları Dergisi is the property of Journal of Sport Sciences Researches / Spor Bilimleri Arastirmalari Dergisi and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Background: There are no known published reports on outcomes for medically and psychiatrically compromised patients with binge eating disorder (BED) treated remotely in higher level of care settings. This case report presents outcomes of an intentionally remote weight-inclusive partial hospitalization and intensive outpatient program based on Health at Every Size® and intuitive eating principles. Case presentation: The patient presented with an extensive trauma background and long history of disturbed eating and body image. She was diagnosed with BED along with several comorbidities, most notably major depressive disorder with suicidality and non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus. She completed a total of 186 days in the comprehensive, multidisciplinary treatment program encompassing individual and group therapy, as well as other supportive services such as meal support and in vivo exposure sessions. Upon discharge, her BED was in remission, her major depressive disorder was in partial remission, and she no longer exhibited signs of suicidality. Overall, she showed decreases in eating disorder, depressive, and anxiety symptoms as well as increases in quality of life and intuitive eating throughout treatment, which were largely maintained after one year. Conclusions: This case highlights the potential of remote treatment as an option for individuals with BED, especially in cases where access to higher levels of care might be limited. These findings exemplify how a weight-inclusive approach can be effectively applied when working with this population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mindful eating is a phenomenon to describe a nonjudgmental awareness of physical and emotional sensations while eating or being in a food-related environment. Nowadays, weight-related psychological and physiological health problems are gradually increasing. It is considered that mindful eating is one of the key components to struggle against dysfunctional eating patterns. The aim of the current study was to adapt the original five-factor structure of the MEQ and the abbreviated two-factor structure of the MEQ to Turkish culture and to determine its psychometric properties. The sample of the study was 362 university students aged between 18 and 27 (M = 20.82, SD = 3.83). Of the participants 249 (68.8%) were women, 110 (30.4%) were men, and three participants stated their sex as "other". Participants were asked to fill the Mindful Eating Questionnaire (MEQ), Eating Disorder Examination Questionnaire (EDE-Q), Intuitive Eating Scale (IES) and Brief Symptom Inventory (BSI). Results of confirmatory factor analysis showed an acceptable model fit for the correlated two-factor structure of the MEQ compared to its original five-factor structure. Internal consistency coefficient values for the overall MEQ and awareness and recognition subscales were.82,.71 and.82, respectively. The MEQ sub-scales' scores were found to be associated with EDE-Q, IES, and BSI scores, confirming the validity of the scale. The Turkish version of the two-factor MEQ could be evaluated as a valid and reliable measurement to assess mindful eating for further research and would also provide support to cross-cultural research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Available studies suggest that childhood food experiences (CFE) may be linked with eating behaviors in adulthood, as well as eating style (ES); thus, both CFE and ES can determine dietary intake. Little is known about the role of both of these factors in explaining the diet quality (DQ) of adults. The aim was to investigate to what extent selected ESs, i.e., intuitive (IE), restrained (ResEat), and external (ExtEat) eating, and CFE related to parental feeding practices (PFPs) will predict the DQ of women and men. Data from 708 Polish adults (477 women and 231 men) aged 18–65 were collected via the Internet from October 2022 to January 2023. Mann–Whitney's U Test was used to compare ES and CFE levels among women and men, while DQ determinants were tested with the multiple linear regression (MLR). In the total study sample, "Healthy Eating Guidance" (CFE), "Child Control" (CFE), "Body–Food Choice Congruence" (IE), and ResEat favored higher DQ scores, while "Unconditional Permission to Eat" (IE), "Eating for Physical Rather Than Emotional Reasons" (IE), and ExtEat predisposed to lower DQ scores. After the MLR was conducted separately in women and men, differences were noted in the role of "Healthy Eating Guidance" (CFE), "Pressure and Food Reward" (CFE), "Unconditional Permission to Eat" (IE), "Eating for Physical Rather Than Emotional Reasons" (IE), ExtEat, and ResEat in predicting DQ indices. Our findings suggest that childhood food experiences and selected eating styles may differently determine the DQ of women and men. Future studies conducted within representative samples are needed to confirm these results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study is a comparative analysis of the effects of intuitive eating and correlations with quality of life and wellbeing in Yoga practitioners, physical activity practitioners and sedentary individuals. The study involved 204 participants, comprising 66 Yoga practitioners, 74 physical activity practitioners and 64 sedentary individuals, between the ages of 20 and 59, who were resident in Brazil at the time of the study. Quantitative research was conducted through Facebook and the application questionnaires via Google Forms to measure intuitive eating, food consumption, quality of life, stress level, satisfaction with body image and level of mindfulness. The study found that while intuitive eating did not differ between Yoga practitioners and physical activity practitioners, both showed greater adoption of intuitive eating as compared to inactive individuals. Still, Yoga practitioners had better confidence in their physiological signs of hunger and satiety, as well as better eating behavior, quality of life, satisfaction with body image, healthy body weight, and stress-related emotional regulation, as compared to the other groups. In addition, there was a positive correlation between intuitive eating and quality of life, body esteem, mindfulness and eating behaviors that discouraged eating in response to external or psychological influences, and a negative correlation to stress and weight gain. This study finds that physical exercise, in particular the practice of Yoga, is linked to the promotion of better intuitive eating behavior as well as better quality of life and wellbeing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Background Eating in absence of hunger is quite common and often associated with an increased energy intake co-existent with a poorer food choice. Intuitive eating (IE), i.e., eating in accordance with internal hunger and satiety cues, may protect from overeating. IE, however, requires accurate perception and processing of one’s own bodily signals, also referred to as interoceptive sensitivity. Training interoceptive sensitivity might therefore be an effective method to promote IE and prevent overeating. As most studies on eating behavior are conducted in younger adults and close social relationships influence health-related behavior, this study focuses on middle-aged and older couples. Methods The present pilot randomized intervention study aims at investigating the feasibility and effectiveness of a 21-day mindfulness-based training program designed to increase interoceptive sensitivity. A total of N = 60 couples participating in the NutriAct Family Study, aged 50–80 years, will be recruited. This randomized-controlled intervention study comprises three measurement points (pre-intervention, post-intervention, 4-week follow-up) and a 21-day training that consists of daily mindfulness-based guided audio exercises (e.g., body scan). A three-arm intervention study design is applied to compare two intervention groups (training together as a couple vs. training alone) with a control group (no training). Each measurement point includes the assessment of self-reported and objective indicators of interoceptive sensitivity (primary outcome), self-reported indicators of intuitive and maladaptive eating (secondary outcomes), and additional variables. A training evaluation applying focus group discussions will be conducted to assess participants’ overall acceptance of the training and its feasibility. Discussion By investigating the feasibility and effectiveness of a mindfulness-based training program to increase interoceptive sensitivity, the present study will contribute to a deeper understanding of how to promote healthy eating in older age. Trial registration German Clinical Trials Register (DRKS), no. DRKS00024903. Retrospectively registered on April 21, 2021.