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The article examines how competence and likability affect interpersonal relations and work performance. Guidelines are suggested for leveraging employees who are likable, and for managing capable employees who rate low on likability.

The effects of social interaction variables in the probability of an individual engaging in different types of illegal behavior . A model to verify the empirical relationship between social interaction and crime is presented. A case study of brazil in this context is discussed.

Applicability of energy at various levels in an organization by an individual that influences functioning and knowledge, and its consequences in relationship with people around are analyzed.

In previous work, Luthar and Suchman (2000, Development & Psychopathology, 12, 235) reported results of a randomized clinical trial testing the efficacy of the Relational Psychotherapy Mothers' Group (RPMG) for methadone-maintained mothers. In this extension, we examined maternal interpersonal maladjustment as a predictor of differential response to RPMG versus standard drug counseling (DC). We predicted that RPMG mothers with high levels of internal maladjustment would improve on parent-child relationship indices, whereas DC mothers with high levels of interpersonal maladjustment would show no improvement. Fifty-two mothers enrolled in the study completed baseline, post-treatment and 6-month followup assessments and a subset of 24 'target' children between the ages of 7 and 16 completed measures on mothers' parenting. As predicted, results of hierarchical regression analyses indicated moderate interpersonal maladjustment x treatment interaction effects for all parenting outcomes at post-treatment and for a subset of outcomes at followup. Plotted interactions confirmed predictions that, as maternal interpersonal maladjustment increased, parenting problems improved for RPMG mothers and remained the same or worsened for DC mothers. Results indicate the potential value of interpersonally oriented interventions for substance-abusing mothers and their children. Keywords: Parent-child relations; Parent training; Parenting skills; Family relations; Child abuse

A quantitative study with advertising agency account managers analyzes the personal relationships experienced within the firm-to-firm exchange environment, similarities and differences between the experienced relationships and the association between individual and firm-to-firm relationships. The analysis shows that developing close, interpersonal relationships are beneficial to both their professional and personal lives.

The research investigates the associations of personal and parental factors with subjective well-being (SWB) in adolescents on the basis of 2 studies. The first included 97 university students and 185 adolescents who completed questionnaires measuring perceived mastery, dispositional optimism, and affect used as a measure of SWB. Correlations and hierarchical regression analyses showed mastery and optimism to be negatively associated with negative affect (NA) and positively associated with positive affect (PA). Demographic variables did not relate to PA and NA except for gender, with female adolescents showing higher levels of NA than males. The second study included 121 adolescents and their parents who completed questionnaires measuring mastery, optimism, SWB indicators, and assessments by the adolescents of their relationships with their parents. The associations of the adolescents' mastery and optimism with SWB measures were positive and were similar to those found in the first study. Positive correlation s were found between the adolescents' and their parents' SWB (especially with their father's), but no significant associations were observed between adolescents' and parents' mastery and optimism. However, adolescents' mastery and optimism were related to positive relationships with parents. The results highlight the importance of mastery, optimism, and positive adolescent-parent relationships in contributing to the well-being of adolescents. KEY WORDS: adolescents; parents; subjective well-being; mastery; optimism.

Despite considerable current interest in the evolution of intelligence, the intuitively appealing notion that brain volume and 'intelligence' are linked remains untested. Here, we use ecologically relevant measures of cognitive ability, the reported incidence of behavioral innovation, social learning, and tool use, to show that brain size and cognitive capacity are indeed correlated. A comparative analysis of 533 instances of innovation, 445 observations of social learning, and 607 episodes of tool use established that social learning, innovation, and tool use frequencies are positively correlated with species' relative and absolute 'executive' brain volumes, after controlling for phylogeny and research effort. Moreover, innovation and social learning frequencies covary across species, in conflict with the view that there is an evolutionary tradeoff between reliance on individual experience and social cues. These findings provide an empirical link between behavioral innovation, social learning capacities, and brain size in mammals. The ability to learn from others, invent new behaviors, and use tools may have played pivotal roles in primate brain evolution.

Teams are optimally effective when they are tuned into the emotional intelligence of the group and its individual members.

Abstract Almost without exception, organizations contain a pyramid-shaped formal hierarchy of some sort. It is also known that organizations harbour frequent informal relations that do not necessarily follow patterns set [...]

Family researcher Harold Christensen provides an autobiography of his life. Christensen examines his family relationships, growing up as a Mormon, his education at Brigham Young University, the impact of World War II, and how they influenced his interest in family studies.

This article analyzes the influence family relationships have on wages and work preferences. Topics include the influence of parents on children's work values, preferences, and earnings.

Byline: Jodi L. Smalec (1), Renee Storm Klingle (1) Keywords: bulimia; bulimia interventions; interpersonal influence; threat; efficacy Abstract: The causes and medical consequences of bulimia are well established in the literature, yet prevalence rates for bulimia continue to be quite high. Eating disorder books and popular magazines have offered a variety of ways in which individuals can communicatively influence bulimics to seek the help they need to treat their disorder. Unfortunately, many of the recommended influence strategies have been atheoretically derived and sorely lack empirical data affirming their effectiveness. The present study investigates and empirically tests the effectiveness of interpersonal intervention messages aimed at getting bulimic individuals to seek medical help. Several theoretical perspectives, as they relate to messages of threat and efficacy, were used to predict the effects of bulimics' threat and efficacy perceptions on message acceptance and message rejection. A main and positive effect for efficacy was found on message acceptance. A threat by efficacy interaction on message acceptance was partially supported for both cognitive and behavioral message acceptance. The threat by efficacy interaction was not significant for message rejection. Overall, this study confirmed the notion that high levels of both threat and efficacy are necessary to convince bulimic individuals to seek help. These findings can be used to aid concerned individuals in their quest to intervene and to get bulimics to seek out the necessary medical assistance and support. Author Affiliation: (1) University of Hawaii, Manoa Article History: Registration Date: 06/10/2004

Explanations of why people use various types of media content have been limited mainly to demographic location and self-interested motivational variables. The authors present an alternative, sociotropic source of influence on communication patterns: judgments of how the world works (worldviews), what societal values ought to be pursued (materialism vs. postmaterialism), and what normative roles the news media should play. A well-fitting structural equation model is used to account for substantial amounts of variance in entertainment television viewing, newspaper public affairs reading, and discussion of controversial issues. Sociotropic judgments mediate much of the influence of demographics and ideology on patterns of communication. Diversity in the composition of personal discussion networks has a strong and direct influence on communication patterns., The effects of media and interpersonal discussion on individuals' opinions and behavior have been supported by a growing body of evidence. Explanations of why people use various types of content [...]

Improvement in emotional well-being, cognitive functioning, and relationships plays a mediating role in the positive treatment outcomes of crack cocaine users. In an intensive treatment program involving cognitive behavioral model, improved relations had the strongest impact on reducing cocaine usage. Improvement in emotional well-being failed to effect cocaine usage behavior, and improvement in cognitive functioning was only moderately associated with reduced drug usage. The length of treatment is directly related to improvements in these psychosocial domains.

A study of 757 black and Hispanic youth on their attitudes to alcohol use helped reveal that alcohol use among their role models and perceived drinking habits of their friends, peers and parents influenced them to take to alcohol. Better awareness of the ills of alcohol, dislike for drinking and positive role models can effect the prevention of alcohol abuse among minority youth from poor financial backgrounds.

Depressed people face hostility from and invite rejection by their social partners because they violate the norms of adequate interpersonal behavior as suggested by three communications theories. Skillful communicators are responsive to their partners in terms of relevance and degree of seriousness, they are polite and need to be liked, and indicate their involvement through nonverbal behaviors such as physical nearness, facial expressions, looking at the partner's face, touching, and talking longer and faster. Rejection by others often intensifies depression and impairs the communication skills of the depressed, thus forming a vicious cycle.

Self-efficacy in men suffering from myocardial infarction is related to the degree of dependence on their wives and there is a remarkable asymmetry in patient and wife contributions to patient efficacy. Interpersonal perspectives are involved in patients' self-efficacy since patients are aware of the collaborative nature of dealing with myocardial infarction. Patients' efficacy depends on their wives offering protective buffering without being too protective.

You and I interact and something emerges out of that interaction that is greater than the sum of our two parts. We might call that a simple emergent interaction. And [...]

The effect of interpersonal sentiment on helping behavior among Japanese students was investigated in two studies. In Study 1, the effects of interpersonal sentiment, gender of subject, and gender of target person on everyday helping behavior were investigated. In Study 2, the effects of interpersonal sentiment, gender of subject, gender of target person, and type of situation were investigated. Positive sentiment toward a target person increased the subject's willingness to help, and negative sentiment toward a target person decreased the subject's willingness to help. Gender of subject and of target person, and situation had relatively little impact on willingness to help., THE TOPIC OF INTERPERSONAL SENTIMENT has been of major interest to social psychologists. Although many experiments have investigated possible determinants of interpersonal sentiment, such as liking (Berscheid, 1985; Heider, 1958), [...]

A survey of several boys and girls, aged 12 to 18, reveals that factors such as sex, age, intelligence level and temperament contribute to their ability to cope and adjust to their surroundings during stressful events in adolescence. The relationships between individuals and their families and those with their peers vary significantly. Supportive relationships encourage adolescents while nagging associations discourage them. Males seek individuality and responsibility while females look for proximity and trust in a relationship.

Propriety and economics affected the social conditions and writing of early 19th century British women writers. These issues are presented in the writing of Mary Wollstonecraft, Jane Austen and Harriet Martineau who explore how the struggle between economic needs and propriety impacted women writers' lives. The pressure to marry and give over their economic power to their husbands forced women writers to confine their work to accepted genres within women's social position or be seen as immodest and cast out of accepted society.