51. A Search for Variability in Exoplanet Analogues and Low-Gravity Brown Dwarfs
- Author
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Vos, Johanna M., Biller, Beth A., Bonavita, Mariangela, Eriksson, Simon, Liu, Michael C., Best, William M. J., Metchev, Stanimir, Radigan, Jacqueline, Allers, Katelyn N., Janson, Markus, Buenzli, Esther, Dupuy, Trent J., Bonnefoy, Mickaël, Manjavacas, Elena, Brandner, Wolfgang, Crossfield, Ian, Deacon, Niall, Henning, Thomas, Homeier, Derek, Kopytova, Taisiya, and Schlieder, Joshua
- Subjects
Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics ,Astrophysics - Earth and Planetary Astrophysics - Abstract
We report the results of a $J$-band survey for photometric variability in a sample of young, low-gravity objects using the New Technology Telescope (NTT) and the United Kingdom InfraRed Telescope (UKIRT). Surface gravity is a key parameter in the atmospheric properties of brown dwarfs and this is the first large survey that aims to test the gravity dependence of variability properties. We do a full analysis of the spectral signatures of youth and assess the group membership probability of each target using membership tools from the literature. This results in a 30 object sample of young low-gravity brown dwarfs. Since we are lacking in objects with spectral types later than L9, we focus our statistical analysis on the L0-L8.5 objects. We find that the variability occurrence rate of L0-L8.5 low-gravity brown dwarfs in this survey is $30^{+16}_{-8}\%$. We reanalyse the results of Radigan 2014 and find that the field dwarfs with spectral types L0-L8.5 have a variability occurrence rate of $11^{+13}_{-4}\%$. We determine a probability of $98\%$ that the samples are drawn from different distributions. This is the first quantitative indication that the low-gravity objects are more likely to be variable than the field dwarf population. Furthermore, we present follow-up $J_S$ and $K_S$ observations of the young, planetary-mass variable object PSO 318.5-22 over three consecutive nights. We find no evidence of phase shifts between the $J_S$ and $K_S$ bands and find higher $J_S$ amplitudes. We use the $J_S$ lightcurves to measure a rotational period of $8.45\pm0.05~$hr for PSO 318.5-22., Comment: accepted for publication in MNRAS
- Published
- 2018
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