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53. International genome-wide meta-analysis identifies new primary biliary cirrhosis risk loci and targetable pathogenic pathways

Author

Cordell, H, Han, Y, Mells, G, Li, Y, Hirschfield, G, Greene, C, Xie, G, Juran, B, Zhu, D, Qian, D, Floyd, J, Morley, K, Prati, D, Lleo, A, Cusi, D, Gershwin, M, Anderson, C, Lazaridis, K, Invernizzi, P, Seldin, M, Sandford, R, Amos, C, Siminovitch, K, Schlicht, E, Lammert, C, Atkinson, E, Chan, L, De Andrade, M, Balschun, T, Mason, A, Myers, R, Zhang, J, Milkiewicz, P, Qu, J, Odin, J, Luketic, V, Bacon, B, Bodenheimer, H, Liakina, V, Vincent, C, Levy, C, Gregersen, P, Almasio, P, Alvaro, D, Andreone, P, Andriulli, A, Barlassina, C, Battezzati, P, Benedetti, A, Bernuzzi, F, Bianchi, I, Bragazzi, M, Brunetto, M, Bruno, S, Casella, G, Coco, B, Colli, A, Colombo, M, Colombo, S, Cursaro, C, Crocè, L, Crosignani, A, Donato, M, Elia, G, Fabris, L, Ferrari, C, Floreani, A, Foglieni, B, Fontana, R, Galli, A, Lazzari, R, Macaluso, F, Malinverno, F, Marra, F, Marzioni, M, Mattalia, A, Montanari, R, Morini, L, Morisco, F, Mousa Hani, S, Muratori, L, Muratori, P, Niro, G, Palmieri, V, Picciotto, A, Podda, M, Portincasa, P, Ronca, V, Rosina, F, Rossi, S, Sogno, I, Spinzi, G, Spreafico, M, Strazzabosco, M, Tarallo, S, Tarocchi, M, Tiribelli, C, Toniutto, P, Vinci, M, Zuin, M, Ch'Ng, C, Rahman, M, Yapp, T, Sturgess, R, Healey, C, Czajkowski, M, Gunasekera, A, Gyawali, P, Premchand, P, Kapur, K, Marley, R, Foster, G, Watson, A, Dias, A, Subhani, J, Harvey, R, Mccorry, R, Ramanaden, D, Gasem, J, Evans, R, Mathialahan, T, Shorrock, C, Lipscomb, G, Southern, P, Tibble, J, Gorard, D, Palegwala, A, Jones, S, Carbone, M, Dawwas, M, Alexander, G, Dolwani, S, Prince, M, Foxton, M, Elphick, D, Mitchison, H, Gooding, I, Karmo, M, Saksena, S, Mendall, M, Patel, M, Ede, R, Austin, A, Sayer, J, Hankey, L, Hovell, C, Fisher, N, Carter, M, Koss, K, Piotrowicz, A, Grimley, C, Neal, D, Lim, G, Levi, S, Ala, A, Broad, A, Saeed, A, Wood, G, Brown, J, Wilkinson, M, Gordon, H, Ramage, J, Ridpath, J, Ngatchu, T, Grover, B, Shaukat, S, Shidrawi, R, Abouda, G, Ali, F, Rees, I, Salam, I, Narain, M, Brown, A, Taylor Robinson, S, Williams, S, Grellier, L, Banim, P, Das, D, Chilton, A, Heneghan, M, Curtis, H, Gess, M, Drake, I, Aldersley, M, Davies, M, Jones, R, Mcnair, A, Srirajaskanthan, R, Pitcher, M, Sen, S, Bird, G, Barnardo, A, Kitchen, P, Yoong, K, Chirag, O, Sivaramakrishnan, N, Macfaul, G, Jones, D, Shah, A, Evans, C, Saha, S, Pollock, K, Bramley, P, Mukhopadhya, A, Fraser, A, Mills, P, Shallcross, C, Campbell, S, Bathgate, A, Shepherd, A, Dillon, J, Rushbrook, S, Przemioslo, R, Macdonald, C, Metcalf, J, Shmueli, U, Davis, A, Naqvi, A, Lee, T, Stephen, D, Collier, J, Klass, H, Ninkovic, M, Cramp, M, Sharer, N, Aspinall, R, Goggin, P, Ghosh, D, Douds, A, Hoeroldt, B, Booth, J, Williams, E, Hussaini, H, Stableforth, W, Ayres, R, Thorburn, D, Marshall, E, Burroughs, A, Mann, S, Lombard, M, Richardson, P, Patanwala, I, Maltby, J, Brookes, M, Mathew, R, Vyas, S, Singhal, S, Gleeson, D, Misra, S, Butterworth, J, George, K, Harding, T, Douglass, A, Panter, S, Shearman, J, Bray, G, Butcher, G, Forton, D, Mclindon, J, Cowan, M, Whatley, G, Mandal, A, Gupta, H, Sanghi, P, Jain, S, Pereira, S, Prasad, G, Watts, G, Wright, M, Neuberger, J, Gordon, F, Unitt, E, Grant, A, Delahooke, T, Higham, A, Brind, A, Cox, M, Ramakrishnan, S, King, A, Collins, C, Whalley, S, Li, A, Fraser, J, Bell, A, Wong, V, Singhal, A, Gee, I, Ang, Y, Ransford, R, Gotto, J, Millson, C, Bowles, J, Thomas, C, Harrison, M, Galaska, R, Kendall, J, Whiteman, J, Lawlor, C, Gray, C, Elliott, K, Mulvaney Jones, C, Hobson, L, Van Duyvenvoorde, G, Loftus, A, Seward, K, Penn, R, Maiden, J, Damant, R, Hails, J, Cloudsdale, R, Silvestre, V, Glenn, S, Dungca, E, Wheatley, N, Doyle, H, Kent, M, Hamilton, C, Braim, D, Wooldridge, H, Abrahams, R, Paton, A, Lancaster, N, Gibbins, A, Hogben, K, Desousa, P, Muscariu, F, Musselwhite, J, Mckay, A, Tan, L, Foale, C, Brighton, J, Flahive, K, Nambela, E, Townshend, P, Ford, C, Holder, S, Palmer, C, Featherstone, J, Nasseri, M, Sadeghian, J, Williams, B, Rolls, S, Hynes, A, Duggan, C, Crossey, M, Stansfield, G, Macnicol, C, Wilkins, J, Wilhelmsen, E, Raymode, P, Lee, H, Durant, E, Bishop, R, Ncube, N, Tripoli, S, Casey, R, Cowley, C, Miller, R, Houghton, K, Ducker, S, Wright, F, Bird, B, Baxter, G, Keggans, J, Hughes, M, Grieve, E, Young, K, Williams, D, Ocker, K, Hines, F, Martin, K, Innes, C, Valliani, T, Fairlamb, H, Thornthwaite, S, Eastick, A, Tanqueray, E, Morrison, J, Holbrook, B, Browning, J, Walker, K, Congreave, S, Verheyden, J, Slininger, S, Stafford, L, O'Donnell, D, Ainsworth, M, Lord, S, Kent, L, March, L, Dickson, C, Simpson, D, Longhurst, B, Hayes, M, Shpuza, E, White, N, Besley, S, Pearson, S, Wright, A, Jones, L, Gunter, E, Dewhurst, H, Fouracres, A, Farrington, L, Graves, L, Marriott, S, Leoni, M, Tyrer, D, Dali Kemmery, L, Lambourne, V, Green, M, Sirdefield, D, Amor, K, Colley, J, Shinder, B, Jones, J, Mills, M, Carnahan, M, Taylor, N, Boulton, K, Tregonning, J, Brown, C, Clifford, G, Archer, E, Hamilton, M, Curtis, J, Shewan, T, Walsh, S, Warner, K, Netherton, K, Mupudzi, M, Gunson, B, Gitahi, J, Gocher, D, Batham, S, Pateman, H, Desmennu, S, Conder, J, Clement, D, Gallagher, S, Orpe, J, Chan, P, Currie, L, O'Donohoe, L, Oblak, M, Morgan, L, Quinn, M, Amey, I, Baird, Y, Cotterill, D, Cumlat, L, Winter, L, Greer, S, Spurdle, K, Allison, J, Dyer, S, Sweeting, H, Kordula, J, INVERNIZZI, PIETRO, STRAZZABOSCO, MARIO, CARBONE, MARCO, Kordula, J., Bernuzzi, Francesca Veronica, Cordell, H, Han, Y, Mells, G, Li, Y, Hirschfield, G, Greene, C, Xie, G, Juran, B, Zhu, D, Qian, D, Floyd, J, Morley, K, Prati, D, Lleo, A, Cusi, D, Gershwin, M, Anderson, C, Lazaridis, K, Invernizzi, P, Seldin, M, Sandford, R, Amos, C, Siminovitch, K, Schlicht, E, Lammert, C, Atkinson, E, Chan, L, De Andrade, M, Balschun, T, Mason, A, Myers, R, Zhang, J, Milkiewicz, P, Qu, J, Odin, J, Luketic, V, Bacon, B, Bodenheimer, H, Liakina, V, Vincent, C, Levy, C, Gregersen, P, Almasio, P, Alvaro, D, Andreone, P, Andriulli, A, Barlassina, C, Battezzati, P, Benedetti, A, Bernuzzi, F, Bianchi, I, Bragazzi, M, Brunetto, M, Bruno, S, Casella, G, Coco, B, Colli, A, Colombo, M, Colombo, S, Cursaro, C, Crocè, L, Crosignani, A, Donato, M, Elia, G, Fabris, L, Ferrari, C, Floreani, A, Foglieni, B, Fontana, R, Galli, A, Lazzari, R, Macaluso, F, Malinverno, F, Marra, F, Marzioni, M, Mattalia, A, Montanari, R, Morini, L, Morisco, F, Mousa Hani, S, Muratori, L, Muratori, P, Niro, G, Palmieri, V, Picciotto, A, Podda, M, Portincasa, P, Ronca, V, Rosina, F, Rossi, S, Sogno, I, Spinzi, G, Spreafico, M, Strazzabosco, M, Tarallo, S, Tarocchi, M, Tiribelli, C, Toniutto, P, Vinci, M, Zuin, M, Ch'Ng, C, Rahman, M, Yapp, T, Sturgess, R, Healey, C, Czajkowski, M, Gunasekera, A, Gyawali, P, Premchand, P, Kapur, K, Marley, R, Foster, G, Watson, A, Dias, A, Subhani, J, Harvey, R, Mccorry, R, Ramanaden, D, Gasem, J, Evans, R, Mathialahan, T, Shorrock, C, Lipscomb, G, Southern, P, Tibble, J, Gorard, D, Palegwala, A, Jones, S, Carbone, M, Dawwas, M, Alexander, G, Dolwani, S, Prince, M, Foxton, M, Elphick, D, Mitchison, H, Gooding, I, Karmo, M, Saksena, S, Mendall, M, Patel, M, Ede, R, Austin, A, Sayer, J, Hankey, L, Hovell, C, Fisher, N, Carter, M, Koss, K, Piotrowicz, A, Grimley, C, Neal, D, Lim, G, Levi, S, Ala, A, Broad, A, Saeed, A, Wood, G, Brown, J, Wilkinson, M, Gordon, H, Ramage, J, Ridpath, J, Ngatchu, T, Grover, B, Shaukat, S, Shidrawi, R, Abouda, G, Ali, F, Rees, I, Salam, I, Narain, M, Brown, A, Taylor Robinson, S, Williams, S, Grellier, L, Banim, P, Das, D, Chilton, A, Heneghan, M, Curtis, H, Gess, M, Drake, I, Aldersley, M, Davies, M, Jones, R, Mcnair, A, Srirajaskanthan, R, Pitcher, M, Sen, S, Bird, G, Barnardo, A, Kitchen, P, Yoong, K, Chirag, O, Sivaramakrishnan, N, Macfaul, G, Jones, D, Shah, A, Evans, C, Saha, S, Pollock, K, Bramley, P, Mukhopadhya, A, Fraser, A, Mills, P, Shallcross, C, Campbell, S, Bathgate, A, Shepherd, A, Dillon, J, Rushbrook, S, Przemioslo, R, Macdonald, C, Metcalf, J, Shmueli, U, Davis, A, Naqvi, A, Lee, T, Stephen, D, Collier, J, Klass, H, Ninkovic, M, Cramp, M, Sharer, N, Aspinall, R, Goggin, P, Ghosh, D, Douds, A, Hoeroldt, B, Booth, J, Williams, E, Hussaini, H, Stableforth, W, Ayres, R, Thorburn, D, Marshall, E, Burroughs, A, Mann, S, Lombard, M, Richardson, P, Patanwala, I, Maltby, J, Brookes, M, Mathew, R, Vyas, S, Singhal, S, Gleeson, D, Misra, S, Butterworth, J, George, K, Harding, T, Douglass, A, Panter, S, Shearman, J, Bray, G, Butcher, G, Forton, D, Mclindon, J, Cowan, M, Whatley, G, Mandal, A, Gupta, H, Sanghi, P, Jain, S, Pereira, S, Prasad, G, Watts, G, Wright, M, Neuberger, J, Gordon, F, Unitt, E, Grant, A, Delahooke, T, Higham, A, Brind, A, Cox, M, Ramakrishnan, S, King, A, Collins, C, Whalley, S, Li, A, Fraser, J, Bell, A, Wong, V, Singhal, A, Gee, I, Ang, Y, Ransford, R, Gotto, J, Millson, C, Bowles, J, Thomas, C, Harrison, M, Galaska, R, Kendall, J, Whiteman, J, Lawlor, C, Gray, C, Elliott, K, Mulvaney Jones, C, Hobson, L, Van Duyvenvoorde, G, Loftus, A, Seward, K, Penn, R, Maiden, J, Damant, R, Hails, J, Cloudsdale, R, Silvestre, V, Glenn, S, Dungca, E, Wheatley, N, Doyle, H, Kent, M, Hamilton, C, Braim, D, Wooldridge, H, Abrahams, R, Paton, A, Lancaster, N, Gibbins, A, Hogben, K, Desousa, P, Muscariu, F, Musselwhite, J, Mckay, A, Tan, L, Foale, C, Brighton, J, Flahive, K, Nambela, E, Townshend, P, Ford, C, Holder, S, Palmer, C, Featherstone, J, Nasseri, M, Sadeghian, J, Williams, B, Rolls, S, Hynes, A, Duggan, C, Crossey, M, Stansfield, G, Macnicol, C, Wilkins, J, Wilhelmsen, E, Raymode, P, Lee, H, Durant, E, Bishop, R, Ncube, N, Tripoli, S, Casey, R, Cowley, C, Miller, R, Houghton, K, Ducker, S, Wright, F, Bird, B, Baxter, G, Keggans, J, Hughes, M, Grieve, E, Young, K, Williams, D, Ocker, K, Hines, F, Martin, K, Innes, C, Valliani, T, Fairlamb, H, Thornthwaite, S, Eastick, A, Tanqueray, E, Morrison, J, Holbrook, B, Browning, J, Walker, K, Congreave, S, Verheyden, J, Slininger, S, Stafford, L, O'Donnell, D, Ainsworth, M, Lord, S, Kent, L, March, L, Dickson, C, Simpson, D, Longhurst, B, Hayes, M, Shpuza, E, White, N, Besley, S, Pearson, S, Wright, A, Jones, L, Gunter, E, Dewhurst, H, Fouracres, A, Farrington, L, Graves, L, Marriott, S, Leoni, M, Tyrer, D, Dali Kemmery, L, Lambourne, V, Green, M, Sirdefield, D, Amor, K, Colley, J, Shinder, B, Jones, J, Mills, M, Carnahan, M, Taylor, N, Boulton, K, Tregonning, J, Brown, C, Clifford, G, Archer, E, Hamilton, M, Curtis, J, Shewan, T, Walsh, S, Warner, K, Netherton, K, Mupudzi, M, Gunson, B, Gitahi, J, Gocher, D, Batham, S, Pateman, H, Desmennu, S, Conder, J, Clement, D, Gallagher, S, Orpe, J, Chan, P, Currie, L, O'Donohoe, L, Oblak, M, Morgan, L, Quinn, M, Amey, I, Baird, Y, Cotterill, D, Cumlat, L, Winter, L, Greer, S, Spurdle, K, Allison, J, Dyer, S, Sweeting, H, Kordula, J, INVERNIZZI, PIETRO, STRAZZABOSCO, MARIO, CARBONE, MARCO, Kordula, J., and Bernuzzi, Francesca Veronica

Abstract

Primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) is a classical autoimmune liver disease for which effective immunomodulatory therapy is lacking. Here we perform meta-analyses of discovery data sets from genome-wide association studies of European subjects (n=2,764 cases and 10,475 controls) followed by validation genotyping in an independent cohort (n=3,716 cases and 4,261 controls). We discover and validate six previously unknown risk loci for PBC (Pcombined <5 × 10-8) and used pathway analysis to identify JAK-STAT/IL12/IL27 signalling and cytokine-cytokine pathways, for which relevant therapies exist.

Published
2015

54. Large-scale discovery of novel genetic causes of developmental disorders

Author

Fitzgerald, TW, Gerety, SS, Jones, WD, van Kogelenberg, M, King, DA, McRae, J, Morley, KI, Parthiban, V, Al-Turki, S, Ambridge, K, Barrett, DM, Bayzetinova, T, Clayton, S, Coomber, EL, Gribble, S, Jones, P, Krishnappa, N, Mason, LE, Middleton, A, Miller, R, Prigmore, E, Rajan, D, Sifrim, A, Tivey, AR, Ahmed, M, Akawi, N, Andrews, R, Anjum, U, Archer, H, Armstrong, R, Balasubramanian, M, Banerjee, R, Baralle, D, Batstone, P, Baty, D, Bennett, C, Berg, J, Bernhard, B, Bevan, AP, Blair, E, Blyth, M, Bohanna, D, Bourdon, L, Bourn, D, Brady, A, Bragin, E, Brewer, C, Brueton, L, Brunstrom, K, Bumpstead, SJ, Bunyan, DJ, Burn, J, Burton, J, Canham, N, Castle, B, Chandler, K, Clasper, S, Clayton-Smith, J, Cole, T, Collins, A, Collinson, MN, Connell, F, Cooper, N, Cox, H, Cresswell, L, Cross, G, Crow, Y, D'Alessandro, M, Dabir, T, Davidson, R, Davies, S, Dean, J, Deshpande, C, Devlin, G, Dixit, A, Dominiczak, A, Donnelly, C, Donnelly, D, Douglas, A, Duncan, A, Eason, J, Edkins, S, Ellard, S, Ellis, P, Elmslie, F, Evans, K, Everest, S, Fendick, T, Fisher, R, Flinter, F, Foulds, N, Fryer, A, Fu, B, Gardiner, C, Gaunt, L, Ghali, N, Gibbons, R, Pereira, SLG, Goodship, J, Goudie, D, Gray, E, Greene, P, Greenhalgh, L, Harrison, L, Hawkins, R, Hellens, S, Henderson, A, Hobson, E, Holden, S, Holder, S, Hollingsworth, G, Homfray, T, Humphreys, M, Hurst, J, Ingram, S, Irving, M, Jarvis, J, Jenkins, L, Johnson, D, Jones, D, Jones, E, Josifova, D, Joss, S, Kaemba, B, Kazembe, S, Kerr, B, Kini, U, Kinning, E, Kirby, G, Kirk, C, Kivuva, E, Kraus, A, Kumar, D, Lachlan, K, Lam, W, Lampe, A, Langman, C, Lees, M, Lim, D, Lowther, G, Lynch, SA, Magee, A, Maher, E, Mansour, S, Marks, K, Martin, K, Maye, U, McCann, E, McConnell, V, McEntagart, M, McGowan, R, McKay, K, McKee, S, McMullan, DJ, McNerlan, S, Mehta, S, Metcalfe, K, Miles, E, Mohammed, S, Montgomery, T, Moore, D, Morgan, S, Morris, A, Morton, J, Mugalaasi, H, Murday, V, Nevitt, L, Newbury-Ecob, R, Norman, A, O'Shea, R, Ogilvie, C, Park, S, Parker, MJ, Patel, C, Paterson, J, Payne, S, Phipps, J, Pilz, DT, Porteous, D, Pratt, N, Prescott, K, Price, S, Pridham, A, Procter, A, Purnell, H, Ragge, N, Rankin, J, Raymond, L, Rice, D, Robert, L, Roberts, E, Roberts, G, Roberts, J, Roberts, P, Ross, A, Rosser, E, Saggar, A, Samant, S, Sandford, R, Sarkar, A, Schweier, S, Scott, C, Scott, R, Selby, A, Seller, A, Sequeira, C, Shannon, N, Shanrif, S, Shaw-Smith, C, Shearing, E, Shears, D, Simonic, I, Simpkin, D, Singzon, R, Skitt, Z, Smith, A, Smith, B, Smith, K, Smithson, S, Sneddon, L, Splitt, M, Squires, M, Stewart, F, Stewart, H, Suri, M, Sutton, V, Swaminathan, GJ, Sweeney, E, Tatton-Brown, K, Taylor, C, Taylor, R, Tein, M, Temple, IK, Thomson, J, Tolmie, J, Torokwa, A, Treacy, B, Turner, C, Turnpenny, P, Tysoe, C, Vandersteen, A, Vasudevan, P, Vogt, J, Wakeling, E, Walker, D, Waters, J, Weber, A, Wellesley, D, Whiteford, M, Widaa, S, Wilcox, S, Williams, D, Williams, N, Woods, G, Wragg, C, Wright, M, Yang, F, Yau, M, Carter, NP, Parker, M, Firth, HV, FitzPatrick, DR, Wright, CF, Barrett, JC, Hurles, ME, Fitzgerald, TW, Gerety, SS, Jones, WD, van Kogelenberg, M, King, DA, McRae, J, Morley, KI, Parthiban, V, Al-Turki, S, Ambridge, K, Barrett, DM, Bayzetinova, T, Clayton, S, Coomber, EL, Gribble, S, Jones, P, Krishnappa, N, Mason, LE, Middleton, A, Miller, R, Prigmore, E, Rajan, D, Sifrim, A, Tivey, AR, Ahmed, M, Akawi, N, Andrews, R, Anjum, U, Archer, H, Armstrong, R, Balasubramanian, M, Banerjee, R, Baralle, D, Batstone, P, Baty, D, Bennett, C, Berg, J, Bernhard, B, Bevan, AP, Blair, E, Blyth, M, Bohanna, D, Bourdon, L, Bourn, D, Brady, A, Bragin, E, Brewer, C, Brueton, L, Brunstrom, K, Bumpstead, SJ, Bunyan, DJ, Burn, J, Burton, J, Canham, N, Castle, B, Chandler, K, Clasper, S, Clayton-Smith, J, Cole, T, Collins, A, Collinson, MN, Connell, F, Cooper, N, Cox, H, Cresswell, L, Cross, G, Crow, Y, D'Alessandro, M, Dabir, T, Davidson, R, Davies, S, Dean, J, Deshpande, C, Devlin, G, Dixit, A, Dominiczak, A, Donnelly, C, Donnelly, D, Douglas, A, Duncan, A, Eason, J, Edkins, S, Ellard, S, Ellis, P, Elmslie, F, Evans, K, Everest, S, Fendick, T, Fisher, R, Flinter, F, Foulds, N, Fryer, A, Fu, B, Gardiner, C, Gaunt, L, Ghali, N, Gibbons, R, Pereira, SLG, Goodship, J, Goudie, D, Gray, E, Greene, P, Greenhalgh, L, Harrison, L, Hawkins, R, Hellens, S, Henderson, A, Hobson, E, Holden, S, Holder, S, Hollingsworth, G, Homfray, T, Humphreys, M, Hurst, J, Ingram, S, Irving, M, Jarvis, J, Jenkins, L, Johnson, D, Jones, D, Jones, E, Josifova, D, Joss, S, Kaemba, B, Kazembe, S, Kerr, B, Kini, U, Kinning, E, Kirby, G, Kirk, C, Kivuva, E, Kraus, A, Kumar, D, Lachlan, K, Lam, W, Lampe, A, Langman, C, Lees, M, Lim, D, Lowther, G, Lynch, SA, Magee, A, Maher, E, Mansour, S, Marks, K, Martin, K, Maye, U, McCann, E, McConnell, V, McEntagart, M, McGowan, R, McKay, K, McKee, S, McMullan, DJ, McNerlan, S, Mehta, S, Metcalfe, K, Miles, E, Mohammed, S, Montgomery, T, Moore, D, Morgan, S, Morris, A, Morton, J, Mugalaasi, H, Murday, V, Nevitt, L, Newbury-Ecob, R, Norman, A, O'Shea, R, Ogilvie, C, Park, S, Parker, MJ, Patel, C, Paterson, J, Payne, S, Phipps, J, Pilz, DT, Porteous, D, Pratt, N, Prescott, K, Price, S, Pridham, A, Procter, A, Purnell, H, Ragge, N, Rankin, J, Raymond, L, Rice, D, Robert, L, Roberts, E, Roberts, G, Roberts, J, Roberts, P, Ross, A, Rosser, E, Saggar, A, Samant, S, Sandford, R, Sarkar, A, Schweier, S, Scott, C, Scott, R, Selby, A, Seller, A, Sequeira, C, Shannon, N, Shanrif, S, Shaw-Smith, C, Shearing, E, Shears, D, Simonic, I, Simpkin, D, Singzon, R, Skitt, Z, Smith, A, Smith, B, Smith, K, Smithson, S, Sneddon, L, Splitt, M, Squires, M, Stewart, F, Stewart, H, Suri, M, Sutton, V, Swaminathan, GJ, Sweeney, E, Tatton-Brown, K, Taylor, C, Taylor, R, Tein, M, Temple, IK, Thomson, J, Tolmie, J, Torokwa, A, Treacy, B, Turner, C, Turnpenny, P, Tysoe, C, Vandersteen, A, Vasudevan, P, Vogt, J, Wakeling, E, Walker, D, Waters, J, Weber, A, Wellesley, D, Whiteford, M, Widaa, S, Wilcox, S, Williams, D, Williams, N, Woods, G, Wragg, C, Wright, M, Yang, F, Yau, M, Carter, NP, Parker, M, Firth, HV, FitzPatrick, DR, Wright, CF, Barrett, JC, and Hurles, ME

Abstract

Despite three decades of successful, predominantly phenotype-driven discovery of the genetic causes of monogenic disorders, up to half of children with severe developmental disorders of probable genetic origin remain without a genetic diagnosis. Particularly challenging are those disorders rare enough to have eluded recognition as a discrete clinical entity, those with highly variable clinical manifestations, and those that are difficult to distinguish from other, very similar, disorders. Here we demonstrate the power of using an unbiased genotype-driven approach to identify subsets of patients with similar disorders. By studying 1,133 children with severe, undiagnosed developmental disorders, and their parents, using a combination of exome sequencing and array-based detection of chromosomal rearrangements, we discovered 12 novel genes associated with developmental disorders. These newly implicated genes increase by 10% (from 28% to 31%) the proportion of children that could be diagnosed. Clustering of missense mutations in six of these newly implicated genes suggests that normal development is being perturbed by an activating or dominant-negative mechanism. Our findings demonstrate the value of adopting a comprehensive strategy, both genome-wide and nationwide, to elucidate the underlying causes of rare genetic disorders.

Published
2015

55. Synthesis and characterization of well-defined optically active methacrylic diblock copolymers

Author

Achilleos, M., Kafouris, D., Holder, S. J., Krasia-Christoforou, T., and Krasia-Christoforou, T. [0000-0002-9915-491X]

Subjects
Materials science, Polymers and Plastics, micelles, Dispersity, Methacrylate, Micelle, chemistry.chemical_compound, Atomic force microscopy, Dynamic light scattering, Reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer polymerization, Polymer chemistry, Materials Chemistry, Copolymer, Methacrylate monomers, Molecular characteristics, Polydispersity indices, Optical rotation, Optically Active, Reversible addition fragmentation chain transfer, H NMR spectroscopy, Ethyl methacrylates, Organic Chemistry, Compositional characteristics, Cost-effective approach, Monomers, Chain transfer, Methacrylic monomers, chiral, Aqueous media, block copolymers, Monomer, reversible addition fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT), chemistry, Polymerization, Aggregation behavior
Abstract

A new, simple, and cost-effective approach toward the development of well-defined optically active diblock copolymers based on methacrylate monomers is described for the first time. Starting from the low-cost optically active (S)-(−)-2-methyl-1-butanol, a new optically active methacrylic monomer, namely, (S)-(+)-2-methyl-1-butyl methacrylate [(S)-(+)-MBuMA], was synthesized. Reversible addition fragmentation chain transfer polymerization was then used for preparing well-defined poly[(S)-(+)-MBuMA] homopolymers and water-soluble diblock copolymers based on [(S)-(+)-MBuMA] and the hydrophilic and ionizable monomer 2-(dimethyl amino)ethyl methacrylate (DMAEMA). The respective homopolymers and diblock copolymers were characterized in terms of their molecular weights, polydispersity indices, and compositions by size exclusion chromatography and 1H NMR spectroscopy. Polarimetry measurements were used to determine the specific optical rotations of these systems. The structural and compositional characteristics of micellar nanostructures possessing an optically active core generated by p((S)-(+)-MBuMA)-b-p(DMAEMA) chains characterized by predetermined molecular characteristics may be easily tuned to match biological constructs. Consequently, the aggregation behavior of the p[(S)-(+)-MBuMA]-b-p[DMAEMA] diblock copolymers was investigated in aqueous media by means of dynamic light scattering and atomic force microscopy, which revealed the formation of micelles in neutral and acidified aqueous solutions. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem, 2012

Published
2012

60. Length of carotid stenosis predicts peri-procedural stroke or death and restenosis in patients randomized to endovascular treatment or endarterectomy

Author

Bonati, L., Ederle, J., Dobson, J., Engelter, S., Featherstone, R., Gaines, P., Beard, J., Venables, G., Markus, H., Clifton, A., Sandercock, P., Brown, M., Bland, J., Buckenham, T., Taylor, R., Tognoni, G., Warlow, C., Bleakley, T., Colquhoun, D., Coward, L., Crawley, F., Dobinson, P., Holder, S., McCabe, D., Pereira, A., Rogers, J., Silver, L., Burrett, J., Crowther, J., Dobson, M., Hafner, B., Heineman, J., Hope, C., Knight, S., Naughten, A., Radley, A., Richards, S., Smith, D., Wenzel, S., Harrison, M., Ferro, J., Bladin, C., Donnan, G., Fell, G., Fitt, G., Royle, J., Davis, S., Gerraty, R., Mitchell, P., Goodman, M., Hankey, G., Khangure, M., Lawrence-Brown, Michael, Linto, J., McAuliffe, W., Prendergast, F., Siennarine, K., Stewart-Wynne, E., Grahovac, S., Morrish, W., Pageau, N., E Pringle, C., Richard, D., Malms, J., Reiher, L., Siebler, M., Belloni, G., Porta, M., Chamorro, A., Vila, N., Riambau, V., Vazquez, F., Boza, F., Garcia Rodríguez, J., Gil Peralta, A., González, A., González Marcos, J., Mayol Deya, A., Rauno, J., Kirsch, E., Lyrer, P., Rem, J., Bogousslavsky, J., Uske, A., Cleveland, T., Doyle, C., Sivaguru, A., Leopold, P., Loosemore, T., Enevoldson, T., Gilling-Smith, G., Harris, P., Nixon, T., Baskerville, P., Cox, T., Fraser, S., Jeffrey, M., Molloy, J., Butler, P., Dick, J., Frankel, F., Bradbury, A., Collie, D., Murie, J., Ruckley, C., Schultz, D., Sellar, R., Wardlaw, J., Ashleigh, R., McCollum, C., O'Neill, P., Gholkar, A., Mendelow, A., Walls, T., Angus-Leppan, H., Halpin, S., Hughes, J., Lane, I., Wiles, M., Wood, A., Birch, P., Earnshaw, J., Fuller, G., Heather, B., Poskitt, K., Tottle, A., Hope, D., Jefferson, D., McConachie, N., Duddy, M., Heafield, M., Vohra, R., Bonati, L., Ederle, J., Dobson, J., Engelter, S., Featherstone, R., Gaines, P., Beard, J., Venables, G., Markus, H., Clifton, A., Sandercock, P., Brown, M., Bland, J., Buckenham, T., Taylor, R., Tognoni, G., Warlow, C., Bleakley, T., Colquhoun, D., Coward, L., Crawley, F., Dobinson, P., Holder, S., McCabe, D., Pereira, A., Rogers, J., Silver, L., Burrett, J., Crowther, J., Dobson, M., Hafner, B., Heineman, J., Hope, C., Knight, S., Naughten, A., Radley, A., Richards, S., Smith, D., Wenzel, S., Harrison, M., Ferro, J., Bladin, C., Donnan, G., Fell, G., Fitt, G., Royle, J., Davis, S., Gerraty, R., Mitchell, P., Goodman, M., Hankey, G., Khangure, M., Lawrence-Brown, Michael, Linto, J., McAuliffe, W., Prendergast, F., Siennarine, K., Stewart-Wynne, E., Grahovac, S., Morrish, W., Pageau, N., E Pringle, C., Richard, D., Malms, J., Reiher, L., Siebler, M., Belloni, G., Porta, M., Chamorro, A., Vila, N., Riambau, V., Vazquez, F., Boza, F., Garcia Rodríguez, J., Gil Peralta, A., González, A., González Marcos, J., Mayol Deya, A., Rauno, J., Kirsch, E., Lyrer, P., Rem, J., Bogousslavsky, J., Uske, A., Cleveland, T., Doyle, C., Sivaguru, A., Leopold, P., Loosemore, T., Enevoldson, T., Gilling-Smith, G., Harris, P., Nixon, T., Baskerville, P., Cox, T., Fraser, S., Jeffrey, M., Molloy, J., Butler, P., Dick, J., Frankel, F., Bradbury, A., Collie, D., Murie, J., Ruckley, C., Schultz, D., Sellar, R., Wardlaw, J., Ashleigh, R., McCollum, C., O'Neill, P., Gholkar, A., Mendelow, A., Walls, T., Angus-Leppan, H., Halpin, S., Hughes, J., Lane, I., Wiles, M., Wood, A., Birch, P., Earnshaw, J., Fuller, G., Heather, B., Poskitt, K., Tottle, A., Hope, D., Jefferson, D., McConachie, N., Duddy, M., Heafield, M., and Vohra, R.

Abstract

Background: The anatomy of carotid stenosis may influence the outcome of endovascular treatment or carotid endarterectomy. Whether anatomy favors one treatment over the other in terms of safety or efficacy has not been investigated in randomized trials. Methods: In 414 patients with mostly symptomatic carotid stenosis randomized to endovascular treatment (angioplasty or stenting; n=213) or carotid endarterectomy (n=211) in the Carotid and Vertebral Artery Transluminal Angioplasty Study (CAVATAS), the degree and length of stenosis and plaque surface irregularity were assessed on baseline intraarterial angiography. Outcome measures were stroke or death occurring between randomization and 30 days after treatment, and ipsilateral stroke and restenosis =50% during follow-up. Results: Carotid stenosis longer than 0·65 times the common carotid artery diameter was associated with increased risk of peri-procedural stroke or death after both endovascular treatment [odds ratio 2·79 (1·17-6·65), P=0·02] and carotid endarterectomy [2·43 (1·03-5·73), P=0·04], and with increased long-term risk of restenosis in endovascular treatment [hazard ratio 1·68 (1·12-2·53), P=0·01]. The excess in restenosis after endovascular treatment compared with carotid endarterectomy was significantly greater in patients with long stenosis than with short stenosis at baseline (interaction P=0·003). Results remained significant after multivariate adjustment. No associations were found for degree of stenosis and plaque surface. Conclusions: Increasing stenosis length is an independent risk factor for peri-procedural stroke or death in endovascular treatment and carotid endarterectomy, without favoring one treatment over the other. However, the excess restenosis rate after endovascular treatment compared with carotid endarterectomy increases with longer stenosis at baseline. Stenosis length merits further investigation in carotid revascularisation trials. © 2013 The Authors. International Journal of Strok

Published
2014

64. Microwave-assisted activation and modulator removal in zirconium MOFs for buffer-free CWA hydrolysis.

Author

Kalinovskyy, Y., Holder, S. J., Blight, B. A., Cooper, N. J., and Main, M. J.

Subjects
*ZIRCONIUM compounds, *METAL-organic frameworks, *MICROWAVE radiometry
Abstract

A novel, facile and efficient method was developed for the activation of acetic acid modulated zirconium MOFs. The protocol involves briefly heating the material in water using microwave irradiation. MOF-808, DUT-84 and UiO-66 were all activated in this manner to remove the modulator and organic solvent from the framework post synthesis, with retention of MOF integrity post activation. The degree of activation was characterised by the use of TGA and NMR. The catalytic activity of the activated MOFs and their non-activated counterparts was investigated for chemical warfare agent (CWA) hydrolysis. Upon activation, an increase in the rate of hydrolysis was observed in the degradation of CWA simulant dimethyl 4-nitrophenyl phosphate (DMNP). MOF-808 and DUT-84 were also screened as catalysts for the hydrolysis of the V-series agent VM, with remarkable half-lives obtained for MOF-808 in the absence of any buffers. Currently employed MOF activation procedures involve the use of additional organic solvents post synthesis; we believe this method to be ideally efficacious for the organic desolvation of zirconium MOFs and removing modulator additives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2017
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65. Sedentary Behavior and Cardiovascular Disease Risk: Mediating Mechanisms.

Author

Carter, Sophie, Hartman, Yvonne, Holder, Sophie, Thijssen, Dick H., Hopkins, Nicola D., Carter, S, Hartman, Y, Holder, S, Thijssen, D H, and Hopkins, N D

Abstract

Sedentary behavior has a strong association with cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk, which may be independent of physical activity. To date, the mechanism(s) that mediate this relationship are poorly understood. We hypothesize that sedentary behavior modifies key hemodynamic, inflammatory, and metabolic processes resulting in impaired arterial health. Subsequently, these vascular impairments directly and indirectly contribute to the development of CVD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2017
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68. The first example of a poly(ethylene oxide)-poly(methylphenylsilane) amphiphilic block copolymer: Vesicle formation in water

Author

Holder, S. J., Roger Hiorns, Sommerdijk, N. A. J. M., Williams, S. J., Jones, R. G., Nolte, R. J. M., Institut des sciences analytiques et de physico-chimie pour l'environnement et les materiaux (IPREM), and Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour (UPPA)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
[CHIM.POLY]Chemical Sciences/Polymers
Abstract

cited By 55; International audience; A new amphiphilic multiblock copolymer of polymethylphenylsilane and poly(elhylene oxide) has been synthesised and demonstrated to form well-defined aggregates in water.

Published
1998

75. A deletion of the HBII-85 class of small nucleolar RNAs (snoRNAs) is associated with hyperphagia, obesity and hypogonadism

Author

de Smith, A. J., primary, Purmann, C., additional, Walters, R. G., additional, Ellis, R. J., additional, Holder, S. E., additional, Van Haelst, M. M., additional, Brady, A. F., additional, Fairbrother, U. L., additional, Dattani, M., additional, Keogh, J. M., additional, Henning, E., additional, Yeo, G. S.H., additional, O'Rahilly, S., additional, Froguel, P., additional, Farooqi, I. S., additional, and Blakemore, A. I.F., additional

Published
2009
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86. Severe hypophosphatasia: Characterization of fifteen novel mutations in the ALPL gene

Author

Spentchian, M., primary, Merrien, Y., additional, Herasse, M., additional, Dobbie, Z., additional, Gläser, D., additional, Holder, S. E., additional, Ivarsson, S-A., additional, Kostiner, D., additional, Mansour, S., additional, Norman, A., additional, Roth, J., additional, Stipoljev, F., additional, Taillemite, J-L., additional, van der Smagt, J. J., additional, Serre, J-L., additional, Simon-Bouy, B., additional, Taillandier, A., additional, and Mornet, E., additional

Published
2003
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93. Information exchange

Author

Perrett, Teresa Coonan, primary, Dawley, Diane Brindley, additional, Ebdon, Dawn, additional, Holder, S, additional, Dawson, Brenda, additional, and Craig, Annie, additional

Published
1995
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