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ObjectiveThis study aimed to assess the risk of dietary exposure and study the residues of β-receptor agonists in livestock meat and liver marketed in Tianjin City.MethodsA total of 583 samples of pig， beef， mutton， and liver were randomly collected from supermarkets， online stores， and farmers’ markets in Tianjin City from 2016 to 2021. The β-receptor agonists clenbuterol， ractopamine， salbutamol， and terbutaline were tested by the relevant standard operating procedures of Manual China National Food Contamination and Harmful Factors Risk Monitoring， combined with residents’ food consumption data， using the index of food safety （IFS） to assess the health risk.ResultsThe overall detection rate of the 583 samples was 13.89% （81/583）. The main β-receptor agonist detected was clenbuterol， which accounted for 98.77% （80/81） of all the detected samples. Only 1 sample was detected with salbutamol， and the other 2 β-receptor agonists were not detected. The top 3 food categories in terms of detection rate were beef liver， 33.96% （36/106）； mutton， 15.79% （18/114）； and beef， 13.22% （16/121）， while the detection rate of pork and pig liver was 1.19% （1/84） and 2.00% （1/50）， respectively； the difference between the detection rates of the different categories was statistically significant （χ2=56.11， P < 0.05）. The detection rate of β-receptor agonists in samples collected from farmers’ markets was significantly higher than that collected from supermarkets and online shops （χ2= 10.91， P < 0.05）. The exposure risk assessment showed that the average exposure of pork， beef， and mutton ranged from 0.000 1 to 0.000 4 μg/kg·BW. The IFS ranged from 0.022 0 to 0.095 0， and the IFS values were less than 1.ConclusionA certain detection degree of β-receptor agonists was observed in livestock meat and liver marketed in Tianjin City， but the average exposure risk of β-receptor agonists was low from the dietary exposure of pig， beef， and mutton.

Abstract Background Subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) is an uncommon type of potentially fatal stroke. The pathophysiological mechanisms of brain injury remain unclear, which hinders the development of drugs for SAH. We aimed to investigate the pathophysiological mechanisms of SAH and to elucidate the cellular and molecular biological response to SAH-induced injury. Methods A cross-species (human and mouse) multiomics approach combining high-throughput data and bioinformatic analysis was used to explore the key pathophysiological processes and cells involved in SAH-induced brain injury. Patient data were collected from the hospital (n = 712). SAH was established in adult male mice via endovascular perforation, and flow cytometry, a bone marrow chimera model, qPCR, and microglial depletion experiments were conducted to explore the origin and chemotaxis mechanism of the immune cells. To investigate cell effects on SAH prognosis, murine neurological function was evaluated based on a modified Garcia score, pole test, and rotarod test. Results The bioinformatics analysis confirmed that inflammatory and immune responses were the key pathophysiological processes after SAH. Significant increases in the monocyte levels were observed in both the mouse brains and the peripheral blood of patients after SAH. Ly6C-high monocytes originated in the bone marrow, and the skull bone marrow contribute a higher proportion of these monocytes than neutrophils. The mRNA level of Ccl2 was significantly upregulated after SAH and was greater in CD11b-positive than CD11b-negative cells. Microglial depletion, microglial inhibition, and CCL2 blockade reduced the numbers of Ly6C-high monocytes after SAH. With CCR2 antagonization, the neurological function of the mice exhibited a slow recovery. Three days post-SAH, the monocyte-derived dendritic cell (moDC) population had a higher proportion of TNF-α-positive cells and a lower proportion of IL-10-positive cells than the macrophage population. The ratio of moDCs to macrophages was higher on day 3 than on day 5 post-SAH. Conclusions Inflammatory and immune responses are significantly involved in SAH-induced brain injury. Ly6C-high monocytes derived from the bone marrow, including the skull bone marrow, infiltrated into mouse brains via CCL2 secreted from microglia. Moreover, Ly6C-high monocytes alleviated neurological dysfunction after SAH.

Weakly supervised semantic segmentation (WSSS) aims to segment objects without a heavy burden of dense annotations. Pseudo-masks serve as supervisory information for training segmentation models, which is crucial to the performance of segmentation models. However, the generated pseudo-masks contain significant noisy labels, which leads to poor performance of the segmentation models trained on these pseudo-masks. Few studies address this issue, as these noisy labels remain inevitable even after the pseudo-masks are improved. In this paper, we propose an uncertainty-weight transform module to mitigate the impact of noisy labels on model performance. It is noteworthy that our approach is not aimed at eliminating noisy labels but rather enhancing the robustness of the model to noisy labels. The proposed method adopts a frequency-based approach to estimate pixel uncertainty. Moreover, the uncertainty of pixels is transformed into loss weights through a set of well-designed functions. After dynamically assigning weights, the model allocates attention to each pixel in a significantly differentiated manner. Meanwhile, the impact of noisy labels on model performance is weakened. Experiments validate the effectiveness of the proposed method, achieving state-of-the-art results of 69.3% on PASCAL VOC 2012 and 39.3% on MS COCO 2014, respectively.

Lithium (Li) metal is a potential anode material for high energy density batteries. However, issues such as lithium dendrite growth, interface instability, poor cycling stability and large volume expansion limit the application of lithium metal anode. Aiming at the problem of dendritic growth and volume expansion, a semi-confined hierarchical porous carbon (HPC) material with a large specific surface area was prepared by template method. The high specific area of HPC electrode can reduce the local current density of Li deposition, and the rich pore structure can restrict the Li deposition in it, thus inhibiting the dendritic growth and alleviating the volume expansion. Li‖HPC battery can cycle for more than 250 cycles at a current density of 1.0 mA/cm2 and a deposition capacity of 1.0 mAh/cm2, maintaining a Coulombic efficiency of 97.6%. Li@HPC‖lithium iron phosphate a deposition capacity of (LiFePO4) full cell has a specific capacity of 93.6 mAh/g after 100 cycles at 0.5 C, which is higher than that of Li@Cu‖LiFePO4 full cell (60.8 mAh/g) with an increase of by 32.8 mAh/g.

Abstract Fisetin, a natural flavonoid, possesses numerous biological activities that have been extensively studied in various diseases. When it comes to cancer, fisetin exhibits a range of biological effects, such as suppressing cell growth, triggering programmed cell death, reducing the formation of new blood vessels, protecting against oxidative stress, and inhibiting cell migration. Moreover, fisetin has the ability to enhance the effectiveness of chemotherapy. The anticancer properties of fisetin can be attributed to a diverse array of molecules and signaling pathways, including vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB), PI3K/Akt/mTOR, and Nrf2/HO-1. Consequently, fisetin holds promise as a therapeutic agent for anticancer treatment. In this review, we place emphasis on the biological functions and various molecular targets of fisetin in anticancer therapy.

Roof plate-specific spondin 1 (R-spondin1, RSPO1) is a Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway activator that binds with Wnt ligands to stimulate the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway, which is key to hair regeneration. However, it is not clear whether recombinant RSPO1 (rRSPO1) affects hair regeneration. Here, we treat C57BL/6 male mice with rRSPO1 and investigate the expression of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway and the activation of hair follicle stem cells in the dorsal skin. The mouse skin color score and hair-covered area are determined to describe hair growth, and the skin samples are subjected to H&E staining, western blot analysis and immunofluorescence staining to evaluate hair follicle development and the expressions of Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway-related proteins. We find that rRSPO1 activates mouse hair follicle stem cells (mHFSCs) and accelerates hair regeneration. rRSPO1 increases the hair-covered area, the number of hair follicles, and the hair follicle diameter and length. Moreover, rRSPO1 enhances the activity of Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway-related proteins and the expressions of HFSC markers, as well as mHFSC viability. These results indicate that subcutaneous injection of rRSPO1 can improve hair follicle development by activating the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway, thereby promoting hair regeneration. This study demonstrates that rRSPO1 has the potential to treat hair loss by activating the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway.

We deal with various strains of Lactobacillus that can maintain the intestinal microbiome of rats treated with cyclophosphamide, an anticancer agent (chemotherapy). We use MiSeq and various types of statistical tests to prove that cyclophosphamide in rats alters the intestinal microbiome, favoring the growth of various fungi that are extremely harmful to intestinal metabolism. On the contrary, when Lactobacillus 3L is administered together with cyclophosphamide, we prove that the microbiome is preserved by having a much better intestinal metabolism.

Abstract Tumor heterogeneity and its drivers impair tumor progression and cancer therapy. Single‐cell RNA sequencing is used to investigate the heterogeneity of tumor ecosystems. However, most methods of scRNA‐seq amplify the termini of polyadenylated transcripts, making it challenging to perform total RNA analysis and somatic mutation analysis.Therefore, a high‐throughput and high‐sensitivity method called snHH‐seq is developed, which combines random primers and a preindex strategy in the droplet microfluidic platform. This innovative method allows for the detection of total RNA in single nuclei from clinically frozen samples. A robust pipeline to facilitate the analysis of full‐length RNA‐seq data is also established. snHH‐seq is applied to more than 730 000 single nuclei from 32 patients with various tumor types. The pan‐cancer study enables it to comprehensively profile data on the tumor transcriptome, including expression levels, mutations, splicing patterns, clone dynamics, etc. New malignant cell subclusters and exploring their specific function across cancers are identified. Furthermore, the malignant status of epithelial cells is investigated among different cancer types with respect to mutation and splicing patterns. The ability to detect full‐length RNA at the single‐nucleus level provides a powerful tool for studying complex biological systems and has broad implications for understanding tumor pathology.

In transferring the data to the iOS client, the data needs to go through a communication tunnel and be decoded as plaintext information within the client. As a powerful dynamic pile inserter, Frida has played a significant role in decryption and reverse engineering for iOS applications. An attacker can use Frida to decrypt the iOS client for malicious actions like data tampering and destruction. This paper aims to explore client decryption methods for mPaas and BonreeAgent.

With the increasing penetration of distributed power sources, the stochastic and fluctuating nature of distributed power sources poses a great challenge to the reactive power optimization of the distribution network system. In this study, a dynamic reactive power optimization model with two-stage robust optimization is established, proposing whether the energy storage is charged or discharged. The number of groups of group-switching capacitors is taken as the variables in the first stage. The power of the energy storage charging and discharging and the amount of static reactive power compensator compensation are placed in the second stage. The control strategy in the first stage ensures that the control strategy in the second stage can maintain the safe and stable operation of the distribution network under the worst scenarios. The grid-storage joint optimization technology based on distributed architecture establishes an optimization planning model for the distribution network energy storage system with the goal of optimal technical and economic performance of the transmission and distribution network and considering the constraints of safe and stable operation of the transmission and distribution network, respectively. The PG&E-69 node system arithmetic example is used to verify the effectiveness and feasibility of the proposed model and algorithm. The results of the arithmetic example show that the strategy obtained based on the robust optimization model can achieve voltage magnitude stability within the safety range of 1.0-1.05 p.u. in the simulation scenario that has the best economy. At the same time, the mismatches of each distribution system under cooperative planning are all 0, which indicates that the proposed optimization strategy can fully cooperate with the resources of transmission and distribution networks, promote the safe consumption of clean energy, effectively improve the economy of transmission and distribution networks, and achieve the goal of “mutual benefit and win-win”.

To realize the safe operation of electric power site, this paper proposes an intelligent recognition technology to automatically identify violations. This study successfully constructs a face detection model for power operation sites by combining deep convolutional neural networks and target detection algorithms. A three-way connected feature pyramid structure containing a neuron self-processing module is adopted, and an accuracy test is completed using a Tri-FPN-based target detection network, significantly improving recognition accuracy. In this paper, we also utilized the on-site images collected by video surveillance equipment, combined with CNN algorithm and HOG feature extraction technology to effectively identify the violations and provide early warning of the breaches of the personnel at the power operation site. MAP curves evaluated the detection performance, and the results showed that the head recognition rate was up to 0.9913, and the accuracy rate of all violations exceeded 0.9350.The high accuracy of CNN-based feature fusion extraction algorithm in the recognition of violations of personnel at the site of electric power operation provides effective technical support to ensure personnel safety.

This paper firstly focuses on the automatic detection of mental health in colleges and universities and the sequential quadratic programming algorithm, proposes a psychological abnormality detection model for college students based on the sequential quadratic programming algorithm, and in the feature vectorization process, uses constraint functions and coefficient matrices to process various types of features into vector sequences of length k weeks to help quantify the trajectory of students’ school activities, and trains and establishes a student psychological abnormality detection model. Then, on the technical basis of the psychological abnormality detection model, the mental health education system is constructed, the online and offline integration teaching development is realized through the teaching system, and the performance of the education system is verified. The results show that the average score of the traditional psychological teaching model 1-10 week test is 76.52, compared to the average score of 78.51 in the mental health education system teaching 1-10 test, with an error value of 1.89. This study uses the mental health teaching system to retrieve information on students with current mental health problems at any time, and there this is to realize dynamic online and offline coeducation.

This paper first analyzes the characteristics and components of students’ core literacy in higher education institutions and constructs a flipped classroom teaching model under the deep learning perspective. Secondly, a Stacking integration-based model for student core literacy features classification is constructed by integrating Lasso regression, random forest, and XGBoost algorithms as base learners. Finally, a case study was conducted to verify the effectiveness of the flipped classroom model in cultivating students’ core literacy. The results showed that the p-values of moral quality, professionalism, humanistic literacy, and practical innovation of students under the flipped classroom teaching model were 0.022, 0.038, 0.012, and 0002, respectively, all of which were less than 0.05, with significant differences. The flipped classroom teaching model can effectively develop students’ core literacy, as shown by this.

Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) have demonstrated the potential to enhance the saline-alkali tolerance in plants. Nevertheless, the extent to which AMF can ameliorate the tolerance of salt-sensitive plants to alkaline conditions necessitates further investigation. The current study is primarily centered on elucidating the impact of AMF on the growth of the Huayu22 (H22) when cultivated in saline-alkaline soil. We leveraged DNA of rhizosphere microorganisms extracted from saline-alkali soil subjected to AMF treatment and conducted high-throughput sequencing encompassing 16S rRNA gene and ITS sequencing. Our findings from high-throughput sequencing unveiled Proteobacteria and Bacillus as the prevailing phylum and genus within the bacterial population, respectively. Likewise, the predominant fungal phylum and genus were identified as Ascomycota and Haematonectria. It is noteworthy that the relative abundance of Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, Chloroflexi, Bacteroidetes, and Ascomycota exhibited significant increments subsequent to AMF inoculation. Our investigation into soil enzyme activity revealed a remarkable surge post-AMF inoculation. Notably, the amounts of pathogen growth inhibitory enzymes and organic carbon degrading enzymes rise, as predicted by the putative roles of microbial communities. In saline-alkali soil, inoculation of AMF did boost the yield of H22. Notable improvements were observed in the weight of both 100 fruits and 100 grains, which increased by 20.02% and 22.30%, respectively. Conclusively, this study not only provides a theoretical framework but also furnishes empirical evidence supporting the utilization of AMF as a viable strategy for augmenting the yield of salt-sensitive plants grown in alkaline conditions.

Despite substantial advances that have been made in understanding the etiology of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), the early-stage diagnosis and treatment of advanced-stage HCC remain a major challenge. RNF8, an E3 ligase important for the DNA damage response, has been proven to facilitate the progression of breast and lung cancer, but its role in HCC remains unclear. In this study, we find that the expression of RNF8 is up-regulated in HCC tissues and positively correlated with poor prognosis of HCC. Furthermore, silencing RNF8 by siRNAs attenuates the migration of HCC cells and inhibits epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) by regulating the expressions of proteins including N-cadherin, β-catenin, snail, and ZO-1. Moreover, Kaplan‒Meier survival analysis shows that high RNF8 expression predicts poor survival benefits from sorafenib. Finally, cell viability assay demonstrates that RNF8 depletion enhances the sensitivity of HCC cells to sorafenib and lenvatinib treatment. We hypothesize that the inhibitory role of RNF8 in EMT and its enhancing effects on anti-cancer drugs orchestrate the protective effects of RNF8 deficiency in HCC, which indicates its potential in clinical application.

This article summarized integrated traditional Chinese and western medicine nursing management for a lung cancer patient with pain after chemotherapy. Routing nursing interventions included routine nursing risk assessment, scientific analgesic strategy and health education. Traditional Chinese Medicine nursing techniques such as Chinese herbal medicine external application, moxibustion, acupoint application and emotion care were carried out to relieve the cancer-related pain after chemotherapy and improve the patient’s quality of life. (本文总结1例肺癌患者化疗后并发疼痛的中西医结合护理经验。护理人员在护理评估、科学止痛、健康教育等常规护理的基础上融入中医特色护理, 运用辨证施护, 开展中药贴敷、艾灸、穴位按摩、情志护理等中医护理适宜技术, 有效改善患者化疗后的癌痛反应, 提高患者生活质量。)

This paper summarized the nutrition support and nursing management for a patient with unstageable pressure injuries. Based on the assessment of wound condition, pain and nutrition, appropriate nutrition support combined with nursing interventions such as debridement and wound dressing change, Traditional Chinese Medicine nursing, pain management, in order to improve the wound healing. (本文总结1例不可分期压力性损伤患者的营养干预及相关护理技术。在完善伤口评估、疼痛评估和营养评估的基础上, 通过开展适宜的营养干预方案, 同时配合清创换药、中医护理技术、疼痛护理等干预措施, 促进压力性损伤伤口愈合。)

As a basic method to quantify the scale effect of porous media materials, representative elementary volume (REV) is an effective means to construct the macro-meso structure of coal. In order to improve the accuracy of REV results of coal meso-structure, a quantitative characterization method of coal meso-structure was proposed based on the study of pore-fracture structure characteristics at meso-scale of coal samples. Based on the binary images of pore-fracture at 423 scales at different positions and different fracture directions of coal samples, the geometric characteristics of coal meso-structure were analyzed from three aspects: pore-fracture distribution density, geometric shape and orientation. Based on the sampling method considering the heterogeneity and anisotropy of coal, the spatial effect and directional effect of REV size are analyzed. Finally, the reasonable microscopic REV size of coal sample is determined by the coefficient of variation method. The results show that: ① A method for accurate identification and quantitative analysis of pore fracture structure is proposed for SEM images of coal samples with uneven gray level, blurred boundary and low contrast. ② A quantitative characterization system of meso-structure reflecting the anisotropy of coal samples was established, including porosity, overall shape factor, fractal dimension and directional distribution coefficient. ③ Compared with the parallel bedding, the micro-fractures in the vertical bedding direction are more developed, the porosity is 2 times that of the parallel bedding, the contribution rate of large aperture pores is 85%, and it has strong spatial filling ability. The overall morphology of pores and fractures is poor, but the edge morphology is smooth and the directional distribution tends to be simpler. ④ Based on the acceptable value of the coefficient of variation of 10%, the size of the coal meso-structure characterization unit is determined to be 200 μm × 200 μm.

Vor der China International Import Expo (CIIE) im November 2021 führten wir eine Studie mit Geschäftsleuten aus Brasilien, Mexiko und Deutschland durch, die eine auf Verhandlungen mit Chinesen ausgerichtete Fortbildung angefragt hatten, um gut auf diese Messe vorbereitet zu sein. Um mehr über deren besonderen Bedürfnisse herauszufinden, verteilten wir einen Fragebogen vor dem Verhandlungstraining, in dem wir ihre Ansichten über Verhandlungen im Allgemeinen und ihre genauen Bedürfnisse in Bezug auf Verhandlungen mit chinesischen Geschäftsleuten erfragten. Unserer Analyse der 57 Rückantworten zufolge interessierten sich die befragten Geschäftsleute am meisten für die Entwicklung von Verhandlungsdenken, den Umgang mit vertragsbezogenen Themen und den Aufbau von Vertrauen und stabilen Geschäftsbeziehungen. Hinsichtlich der Verhandlungen mit chinesischen Geschäftsleuten legten die Teilnehmer einen besonderen Fokus auf das Erkennen von Entscheidungsträgern im chinesischen Verhandlungsteam, den Umgang mit rechtlichen Belangen in Verhandlungen und die typisch chinesischen moralischen Wertvorstellungen in Bezug auf das Geschäftsleben. In Kooperation mit dem Trainingsanbieter wurden unsere Studienergebnisse dazu verwendet, um das nachfolgende Training auf die Bedürfnisse der zukünftigen Teilnehmer zuzuschneiden. Um die Auswirkungen eines solchen modifizierten Trainings zu untersuchen, baten wir die ehemaligen Fortbildungsteilnehmer – nach der Gelegenheit, das Gelernte im realen Umfeld der CIIE anzuwenden – in einem zweiten Fragebogen verschiedene Aspekte ihres Trainings zu evaluieren und sich zu zukünftigen Fortbildungsinteressen zu äußern. Das äußerst positive Feedback der 49 Umfrageteilnehmer bestärkt unsere Annahme, dass die Inhalte von Verhandlungstrainings auf die Bedürfnisse der Teilnehmer zugeschnitten sein sollten und dass wir einen möglichen Weg aufgezeigt haben, wie solche Daten erhoben und evaluiert werden können.

BackgroundThe silicon photomultiplier (SiPM) is sensitive to environmental noise, its performance is greatly affected by ambient noise.PurposeThis study aims to design a negative-feedback selective amplifier circuit for SiPM coupled plastic scintillator detector to reduce the noise and improve the overall performance of SiPM.MethodsIt is compared with the traditional OPA657 transimpedance feedback amplifier circuit. The circuit consisted of an RC filter input and an integrated operational amplifier AD8014 with advantages of a high gain and low input noise. The CR high-pass filter circuit was used as the comparator signal input to further filter out signal noise and prevent signal reflection from interfering with the amplifier. The experimental circuit is simulated using Micro-cap12 to obtain the relevant circuit parameters. Finally, the dark noise level and signal consistency of a 137Cs source at room temperature was record, and performance of this amplifier circuit for SiPM coupled plastic scintillator detector was compared with that of the traditional OPA657 transimpedance feedback amplifier circuit. [Results and Conclusions] Comparison results show that the proposed circuit effectively filters out ambient noise and exhibits a fast rise time. The output pulse rise time is found to be less than 12 ns, and the dark noise level is observed to be less than 30 mV, which are better than those of the transimpedance amplifier circuit.

Purpose The malignant transformation of cells can lead to aerobic glycolysis, an important form of metabolic reprogramming in colon cancer cells, which can cause the accumulation of lactate and accelerate the proliferation of tumor cells also enhance their chemotherapy drug resistance. The aim of this study was to investigate the possible molecular mechanisms responsible for the increased lactate expression in colon cancer. Methods Several bioinformatics methods, including differential analysis, gene ontology enrichment, univariate and multivariate Cox regression analysis were used to find the lactic acid–related gene carnitine palmitoyltransferase 2. We analyzed the relationship between carnitine palmitoyltransferase 2 and clinical features as well as immune microenvironment. To further explore the mechanism of carnitine palmitoyltransferase 2 in colon cancer, we performed methylation analysis and constructed a competitive endogenous RNA network, which was validated in cell lines and clinical specimens. Results We used bioinformatics to select the lactic acid–related gene carnitine palmitoyltransferase 2 and found low expression of carnitine palmitoyltransferase 2 was associated with poor prognosis in colon cancer. An inhibitory tumor microenvironment was created when carnitine palmitoyltransferase 2 expression was reduced, with decreased CD4 T cells, CD8 T cells, dendritic cells, and B cells but increased cancer-associated fibroblasts. Methylation analysis showed that the abnormal decrease in carnitine palmitoyltransferase 2 might be caused by hypermethylation. We constructed a network of SGMS1-AS1/microRNA-106a-5p/carnitine palmitoyltransferase 2 and verified their expression in cell lines and clinical specimens. Conclusion Our work revealed the possible mechanism of lactate accumulation in colon cancer and explored a new potential treatment for colon cancer by cutting off aerobic glycolysis in tumor cells.

Objective To investigate the clinical efficacy and safety of hand-assisted laparoscopic surgery (HALS) in D2 radical gastrectomy. Methods Sixty patients with gastric cancer who underwent radical surgery at Ma'anshan Shiqiye Hospital from April 2017 to December 2020 were selected as the study subjects. They were randomly divided into a HALS group of 30 patients and a traditional open surgery (OS) group of 30 patients by a lottery method. The intra- and post-operative indicators of the two groups were compared, and the survival status was followed up on December 10, 2022. Results In HALS group, the operation time was longer, the intraoperative blood loss and the incision length were smaller, time to exhaust, time to intaking total fluid diet and time to getting out of bed after operation were earlier, and the numerical pain rating (NRS) scores at 6-, 12-, 24- and 48-h after operation were lower, compared with those in OS group (P＜0.05＝. There was no statistical difference in the removal time of abdominal drainage tubes, postoperative hospital stay, number of lymph nodes cleaned, disease-free survival and overall survival between two groups (P＞0.05). The overall incidence of postoperative complications in HALS group was significantly lower than that in OS group (16.67%vs 40.00%, χ=4.02, P＜0.05). Conclusion HALS has lesser trauma and fewer postoperative complications, with safe and feasible in D2 radical surgery for gastric cancer patients. HALS combines the minimally invasive characteristics of laparoscopic surgery with the touch of the surgeon's hand, which reduces the difficulty of operation and is more convenient for complicated abdominal surgery, and can become one of the surgical treatment methods for gastric cancer.

To improve the segmentation accuracy and timeliness of raw cotton mixed impurity images, a new improved UNet model of raw cotton impurity segmentation algorithm was proposed. A new coding module was designed based on the ResNet50 structure, and one convolutional layer was used to replace the last three residual modules and the fully connected layer to implement optimization of the model parametric quantities and improve the extraction of image feature information. The loss function of CEloss and Dice loss was designed to optimize the imbalance between positive and negative samples and improve the segmentation ability of the model for fine impurities. Finally, the migration learning method was applied to pre-train the encoder for the initialization of the backbone network weights based on the VOC dataset to further optimize the slow convergence of the model due to the small amount of image data. The experimental validation shows that the MPA value of the method is improved by 24.52%, the accuracy rate reaches 88.24%, and the processing time of a single image is shortened to 21.9 ms, which is 49.42% higher than that of the traditional method. The improved method described is effective in improving the accuracy and timeliness of image segmentation of raw cotton impurities.

Formation strain can directly affect the generation of structural fractures. According to the magnitude of structural strain, the location and intensity of structural fracture development can be predicted, and the chief fracture development areas in the study area can be divided. This paper takes the fourth member of the Yingcheng formation (referred to as the YING-4 section) in the Xuzhong area of the Xujiaweizi rift in the Songliao basin as the research object. Based on establishing a detailed 3D structural model of the study area, we used the “structural restoration” method to restore the paleo-structure of the study area and calculated finite strain values to predict the planar distribution of structural fractures. The research shows that the YING-4 section in the study area mainly includes three fracture-making periods, namely the end of the Yingcheng formation, the Quantou–to–Qingshankou formation, and the Nenjiang formation. Among them, the tectonic deformation at the end of the Yingcheng formation and the Quantou–to–Qingshankou formation is relatively strong, which is the main formation period of the fracture. The study area is divided into three types of fracture development zones according to the relationship between strain size and test gas production. Type I fracture development zone has been verified by well-drilling, indicating that the prediction results of fractures using structural strain are reliable. Type Ⅱ fracture development zone can be used as an important direction for the next step of deep natural gas exploration. Type Ⅲ fracture development zone has low productivity, and the fractures have limited effect on reservoir reconstruction.

In recent years, cosmic ray muon tomography technology has attracted extensive attention. It uses natural muons as the radiation source. Because of the high penetration ability and sensitivity to high-Z materials, cosmic ray muon tomography can realize nondestructive inspection of special nuclear materials. Therefore, it has broad application prospects in the field of container detection such as border defense and ports. Multiple Coulomb scattering occurs when muons pass through materials, and the scattering angle distribution is related to the atomic number of the material. In practical applications, such as container or cargo material smuggling detection and other scenes requiring timeliness, sometimes it is not necessary to get accurate reconstruction images, but only need to realize the discrimination of high atomic number materials in a relatively short time, and give an alarm. In view of this, we proposed a method to quickly realize material discrimination based on only a small amount of cosmic ray muon data without reconstructing the image, so as to better meet the needs of practical application scenarios. The machine learning method of convolutional neural network was applied first for material discrimination in muon tomography and the optimal model was obtained through processing the training data iteratively, and finally the results of the accuracy of material discrimination and its relation with the measurement time used were obtained. Above all, the Geant4 Monte Carlo simulation program was established. To simulate the real detection environment as much as possible, the natural source term of cosmic rays was introduced, and the models of the detector and the materials to be detected were built according to the actual size of the muon tomography facility. Further, the detection experiments of different materials were carried out at the muon tomography facility for special material tracking in China Institute of Atomic Energy, the muon tracks were reconstructed from the measured data, and the incidence and the scattering angles were calculated. The material discrimination model based on convolutional neural network was constructed for feature extraction to realize the classification and discrimination, and the residual error and the feature matrix were introduced to improve the accuracy of material discrimination. The experimental results show that, for the tungsten block with the size of 10 cm×10 cm×10 cm, the accuracy of material discrimination is up to 99.1% in 5 minutes’ measurement and 100.0% in 10 minutes’ measurement. This method based on convolutional neural network provides a new approach for material discrimination in muon scattering tomography.

Introduction: Microglia and macrophages participate in hematoma clearance after intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH), thereby facilitating tissue restoration and neurological recovery. Triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2 (Trem2) has been indicated as a major pathology-induced immune signaling hub on the microglial/macrophage surface. Soluble Trem2 (sTrem2), the proteolytic form of Trem2, is abundant in the body fluid and is positively correlated with the pathological process. Objectives: In the present study, we aimed to investigate the potential role of sTrem2 in hematoma resolution after ICH and to elucidate its underlying mechanisms. Methods: We explored the biological functions of sTrem2 in the murine ICH brain by stereotaxic injection of recombinant sTrem2 protein or by adeno-associated virus-mediated expression. Erythrocyte phagocytosis was assessed using flow cytometry and immunofluorescence. Western blotting was performed to evaluate protein expression. Changes in behavior, sTrem2-induced down-stream pathway, and microglia were examined. Results: sTrem2 impedes hematoma resolution and impairs functional motor and sensory recovery. Interestingly, sTrem2 bypasses full-length Trem2, negatively regulating microglial/macrophage erythrophagocytosis, and promotes an inflammatory phenotype, which is associated with reduced retromer levels and impaired recycling of the pro-erythrophagocytic receptor CD36. Rescue of retromer Vps35 abolishes the phagocytosis-inhibiting effects and lysosome-dependent CD36 degradation caused by sTrem2. Conclusion: These findings indicate sTrem2 as a negative factor against microglia/macrophage-mediated hematoma and related neuronal damage clearance, provide insight into the mechanisms by which erythrophagocytosis is regulated and how it may be impaired after ICH, and suggest that the anti-proteolytic activity of Trem2 can be explored for ICH therapy.

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a malignant tumor of the gastrointestinal tract that significantly impacts the health of patients and lacks promising methods of diagnosis. Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) are involved in CRC progression, and their function is regulated by long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs). The lncRNA NBR2 was recently reported as an oncogene, whose function in CRC remains uncertain. The present study aimed to investigate the biological function of lncRNA NBR2 in the progression of CRC and its underlying molecular mechanisms. Ten pairs of clinical CRC and para-carcinoma tissues were collected to determine the expression levels of lncRNA NBR2 and miR-19a, and the polarization state of TAMs. Quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction was used to evaluate the expression of miR-19a, and western blotting was used to determine the expression levels of tumor necrosis factor-α, human leukocyte antigen-DR, arginase-1, CD163, CD206, interleukin-4, AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), p-AMPK, hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α), protein kinase B (AKT), p-AKT, mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR), and p-mTOR in TAMs. The proliferative ability of HCT-116 cells was detected using the CCK8 assay, and the migratory ability of HCT-116 cells was evaluated using the Transwell assay. The interaction between lncRNA NBR2 and miR-19a was determined using the luciferase assay. The lncRNA NBR2 was downregulated and miR-19a was highly expressed in CRC cells, accompanied by a high M2 polarization. Downregulated miR-19a promoted M1 polarization, activated AMPK, suppressed HIF-1α and AKT/mTOR signaling pathways, and promoted antitumor properties in NBR2-overexpressed TAMs, which were all reversed by the introduction of the miR-19a mimic. LncRNA NBR2 was verified to target miR-19a in macrophages according to the results of the luciferase assay. Collectively, lncRNA NBR2 may suppress the progression of CRC by downregulating miR-19a to regulate M2 macrophage polarization.

In order to study the strength performance of the airship envelope and the influence of overpressure bearing on its residual strength, the sample forms and experiments plans for the uniaxial and biaxial tensile of the envelope material were designed, and the tearing situation of the airship was analyzed with the help of a high-speed camera. Based on the experimental data, fitted the uniaxial tensile strength curve when the airship bears air pressure, and the longitudinal and latitudinal strength envelope line of the material when it was biaxially stretched. The experimental results demonstrate that there is a negative correlation between the residual strength of the envelope and the airship bearing air pressure when uniaxially stretched, the bearing strength of the envelope is comprehensively affected by the longitudinal and latitudinal strengths when biaxially stretched. This experiment also analyzes the failure situation of the airship envelope, which can provide an experimental guidance for its strength prediction.

The side wall interference and disturbance reflection from the front end wall of a sealed chamber in an extremely low wind speed calibration facility operated by driving the probe in motion might have influence on the flow field inside the chamber,thus affecting the calibration accuracy.The moving overlapping grid technique is used in solving the URANS equations simulating the flow field in the chamber to investigate the effects of side-wall interference and the disturbance wave reflection from the front(upstream)end wall on the interior flow field and calibration.The flow fields in the cases with and without side walls are computed and compared.For the front end wall reflection of the strut rod disturbance,the boundary conditions with and without front end wall are used respectively in computing the flow field in the chamber,and the computed flow fields in the two cases are compared at several instants,respectively.The computed results show that the effects of velocity deviations caused by the wall interference and the front end wall reflection of disturbance on calibration accuracy are in an acceptable range.

A series of ferroelectric thin films of Bi3.25Ce0.75Ti3O12 (BCTO) was deposited on a composite substrate of Pt/Ti/SiO2/Si through the sol-gel method, and the deposited films were irradiated with different doses of gamma rays. The crystal structure, surface morphology, ferroelectricity, leakage, and anti-fatigue properties of the deposited films before and after irradiation were compared by thermogravimetric differential scanning calorimetry (TG-DSC), X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope-energy dispersive spectrometer (SEM-EDS) and ferroelectric tester. The results showed that an increase in absorbed γ ray doses, didn't change the crystal structure of films. The ferroelectricity of the deposited films decreased significantly with the residual polarization 2Pr decreasing from 51.5 μC/cm2 to 23.7 μC/cm2. The leakage current density of the films increased slightly from 0.9×10-7 A/cm2 to 7.2×10-7 A/cm2. Some of the films showed fatigue performance after 1012 polarization switching cycles.

In this article, we focus on the existence of positive solutions and establish a corresponding iterative scheme for a nonlinear fourth-order equation with indefinite weight and Neumann boundary conditions y(4)(x)+(k1+k2)y″(x)+k1k2y(x)=λh(x)f(y(x)),x∈[0,1],y′(0)=y′(1)=y‴(0)=y‴(1)=0,\left\{\begin{array}{l}{y}^{\left(4)}\left(x)+\left({k}_{1}+{k}_{2}){y}^{^{\prime\prime} }\left(x)+{k}_{1}{k}_{2}y\left(x)=\lambda h\left(x)f(y\left(x)),\hspace{1em}x\in \left[0,1],\\ y^{\prime} \left(0)=y^{\prime} \left(1)={y}^{\prime\prime\prime }\left(0)={y}^{\prime\prime\prime }\left(1)=0,\\ \end{array}\right. where k1{k}_{1} and k2{k}_{2} are constants, λ>0\lambda \gt 0 is a parameter, h(x)∈L1(0,1)h\left(x)\in {L}^{1}\left(0,1) may change sign, and f∈C([0,1]×R+,R)f\in C\left(\left[0,1]\times {{\mathbb{R}}}^{+},{\mathbb{R}}), R+≔[0,∞){{\mathbb{R}}}^{+}:= \left[0,\infty ). We first discuss the sign properties of Green’s function for the elastic beam boundary value problem, and then we establish some new results of the existence of positive solutions to this problem if the nonlinearity ff is monotone on R+{{\mathbb{R}}}^{+}. The technique for dealing with this article relies on a monotone iteration technique and Schauder’s fixed point theorem. Finally, an example is presented to illustrate the application of our main results.

To improve the application of hematology and urine testing of laboratory animals, and the consistency and effectiveness of the on-site review in China, there is a need for further standardization of the expression of testing ability in this field. In addition, it promotes better understanding and acceptance of the China National Accreditation Service for Conformity Assessment (CNAS) recognized results by relevant parties. In this paper, the expression of the accredited competence scope in the domestic and international institutes of laboratory animal hematology, blood biochemistry, and urine analysis fields were analyzed and compared. This study provides the CNAS with recommendations to standardize the expression of accreditation ability. In addition, it provides a detailed theoretical reference for further improving the process of standardizing testing of laboratory animals in China.

This paper summarized the nursing management for a patient with periarthritis of the shoulder treated by Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) ointment rubbing combined with Traditional Chinese Medicine hot pack therapy. Based on the TCM theory, meridians and collaterals points were selected by syndrome differentiation, and composition of Chinese herbal medicine was determined. The TCM ointment rubbing combined with TCM hot pack therapy was carried out, in coordination with life support, functional exercise and extended care, to improve the function of shoulder joint and recovery of the patient. (本文总结了1例中药膏摩联合中药热奄包治疗“五十肩”患者的护理经验, 通过辨证选取经络穴位, 确定中药组成, 选用合适的介质, 基于中医基础理论, 开展中药膏摩和中药热奄包治疗, 同时做好生活指导、功能锻炼、延续护理等措施, 减轻患者疼痛, 改善患者肩关节功能, 促进患者早日康复。)

Objective To investigate the quality of patient participation in clinical decision-making and the decision preference of patients in the diagnosis and treatment of stable coronary artery disease(SCAD)and to analyze the influencing factors of decision quality. Methods A total of 126 inpatients in Fuwai Hospital were selected by convenience sampling to investigate their decision quality and decision preference. Univariate analysis and binary logistic regression were used to analyze the influencing factors of decision quality. Results Among 126 patients, 50(39.7%) were active, 26(20.6%) were shared and 50(39.7%) were not active. The average score of decision quality was 81.39. Univariate analysis showed that annual household income, treatment satisfaction and decision preference were the influencing factors of decision quality (P＜0.05). Logistic regression analysis showed that patients with high treatment satisfaction (OR=6.722, 95% CI:2.635-17.148) and shared decision preference (OR=5.152, 95% CI:1.477-17.975) had higher decision quality. Conclusions In the diagnosis and treatment of SCAD, shared decision preference can improve decision quality and improve satisfaction. The characteristics of patients are not related to decision quality. To improve the decision quality needs to start with doctors and hospital.

The future air warfare is developing in the unmanned and autonomous direction.The autonomous air warfare decision-making methods are one of the important support methods in future.Due to dimensional limitations,traditional air combat decision-making methods cannot handle continuous action and long-sighted decision-making problems.Based on the Actor-Critic method,a unified architecture for continuous decision-making in air combat is proposed in this paper.Combining air combat training experience,the state space,action space,reward and training subjects are rationally designed,and a variety of continuous action space reinforcement learning algorithms are tested in high uncertainty.The learning effect in the air combat scenario is visually verified.The results show that:based on the method architecture proposed in this paper,long-sighted value optimization under continuous actions can be realized,the agent can make optimal decisions in complex air combat situations,and has a high kill rate against random maneuvering flying targets.And the air combat maneuver trajectory is highly reasonable.

ObjectiveTo explore the correlation between adaptation to exercise-induced fatigue and lactate transport and metabolism in the cerebral cortex under high-altitude hypoxia.MethodsA total of 63 SD rats were randomly divided into control, normal exercise, rush-entry-into-altitude, 3-day-altitude acclimatization, 1-week-altitude acclimatization, 2-week-altitude acclimatization, and monocarboxylate-transporter-inhibitor (altitude inhibitor injection) groups. Except for the control group, rats were subjected to exhaustive-load treadmill exercises under either normal pressure and normoxic conditions or low pressure and hypoxic conditions. The average time-to-exhaustion was used to determine variation trends in exercise-induced fatigue. The expression of monocarboxylate transporters (MCT)2 and MCT4 in the cerebral motor cortex was detected using western blotting and immunohistochemistry. The pathological evaluation of neuronal death in the cortex was carried out using Nissl staining, and the lactate content was also determined in rat brains.ResultsThe average time-to-exhaustion in the rush-entry-into-altitude and the altitude inhibitor injection groups were (61.00±6.55) min and (71.25±9.59) min, respectively, which was significantly lower than that in the normal exercise (124.75±9.36) min and the 2-week-altitude acclimatization groups (100.25±9.74) min (P 0.05).ConclusionThe adaptability of the body to exercise fatigue after altitude acclimatization is correlated with changes in the expression of MCT2 and MCT4 in the brain, which can be used as targets for medical intervention for exercise-induced fatigue.

In this article, we consider a discrete nonlinear third-order boundary value problem Δ3u(k−1)=λa(k)f(k,u(k)),k∈[1,N−2]Z,Δ2u(η)=αΔu(N−1),Δu(0)=−βu(0),u(N)=0,\left\{\phantom{\rule[-1.25em]{}{0ex}}\begin{array}{l}{\Delta }^{3}u\left(k-1)=\lambda a\left(k)f\left(k,u\left(k)),\hspace{1em}k\in {\left[1,N-2]}_{{\mathbb{Z}}},\hspace{1.0em}\\ {\Delta }^{2}u\left(\eta )=\alpha \Delta u\left(N-1),\Delta u\left(0)=-\beta u\left(0),\hspace{1em}u\left(N)=0,\hspace{1.0em}\end{array}\right. where N>4N\gt 4 is an integer, λ>0\lambda \gt 0 is a parameter. f:[1,N−2]Z×[0,+∞)→[0,+∞)f:{\left[1,N-2]}_{{\mathbb{Z}}}\times \left[0,+\infty )\to \left[0,+\infty ) is continuous, a:[1,N−2]Z→(0,+∞)a:{\left[1,N-2]}_{{\mathbb{Z}}}\to \left(0,+\infty ), α∈0,1N−1\alpha \in \left[0,\frac{1}{N-1}\right), β∈0,2(1−α(N−1))N(2−α(N−1))\beta \in \left[0,\frac{2\left(1-\alpha \left(N-1))}{N\left(2-\alpha \left(N-1))}\right), and η∈N−22+1,N−2Z\eta \in {\left[\left[\frac{N-2}{2}\right]+1,N-2\right]}_{{\mathbb{Z}}}. With the sign-changing Green’s function, we obtain not only the existence of positive solutions but also the multiplicity of positive solutions to this problem.

To reveal the mechanism of anti-renal fibrosis effects of an n-butanol extract from Amygdalus mongolica, renal fibrosis was induced with unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO) and then treated with an n-butanol extract (BUT) from Amygdalus mongolica (Rosaceae). Sixty male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into the sham-operated, renal fibrosis (RF) model, benazepril hydrochloride-treated model (1.5 mg kg−1) and BUT-treated (1.75, 1.5 and 1.25 g kg−1) groups and the respective drugs were administered intragastrically for 21 days. Related biochemical indices in rat serum were determined and histopathological morphology observed. Serum metabolomics was assessed with HPLC-Q-TOF-MS. The BUT reduced levels of blood urea nitrogen, serum creatinine and albumin and lowered the content of malondialdehyde and hydroxyproline in tissues. The activity of superoxide dismutase in tissues was increased and an improvement in the severity of RF was observed. Sixteen possible biomarkers were identified by metabolomic analysis and six key metabolic pathways, including the TCA cycle and tyrosine metabolism, were analyzed. After treatment with the extract, 8, 12 and 9 possible biomarkers could be detected in the high-, medium- and low-dose groups, respectively. Key biomarkers of RF, identified using metabolomics, were most affected by the medium dose. A. mongolica BUT extract displays a protective effect on RF in rats and should be investigated as a candidate drug for the treatment of the disease.

Commonly used molecular imaging methods include positron emission tomography (PET), hydrogen magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H MRS) and imaging (1H MRSI), chemical exchange saturation transfer (CEST), and hyperpolarized 13C MRSI. As a cutting-edge molecular imaging method, deuterium metabolic spectroscopy (DMS) and imaging (DMI) has been recently developed and it distinguishes different tissues according to their specific glycometabolism. Compared with other molecular imaging methods, this promising technique has apparent advantages such as no radioactivity, good stability, and easy to maneuver. In this article, we review the progress of DMS/DMI and discuss its significance, future development, and potential clinical applications.

One of the key problems to improve the aerodynamic characteristics of airfoil is to solve the dynamic stall.This paper presents a method to control the dynamic stall of airfoil by using the combination of leading-edge suction and trailing edge suction. The influence and control effect of pitch oscillation on the dynamic stall characteristics of airfoil are investigated. Taking NACA0012 airfoil as the research object, the unsteady Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes equation is solved based on the transition SST turbulence model, and the aerodynamic characteristics of airfoil with different jet momentum coefficients are calculated, and the economy in the control process is evaluated. It is found that under the conditions of Mach number 0.109, reduction frequency 0.1, average angle of attack 14.84° and amplitude 9.89°, when the jet dynamic coefficient is 0.006 5, compared with the control without blowing and suction, the airfoil has no obvious stall phenomenon, the average lift coefficient increases by 59%, the average drag coefficient decreases by 40%, and the negative pitching moment peak is eliminated, which indicates that the combined blowing-suction flow control can suppress the dynamic stall and improve the aerodynamic characteristics of the airfoil.

Battery demand as a power source has skyrocketed due to the electric car market’s explosive growth. Because of its high energy density, lack of memory effect, low self-discharge rate, environmental friendliness, and extended cycle life, lithium-ion batteries, or LIBs, are widely employed in electric cars, aircraft, and other sectors. However, the use of traditional carbon materials in LIBs has led to relatively low specific capacity, limited charging and discharging rates, and low first-time charging and discharging efficiencies Carbon nanotubes (CNTs), with their high electrical conductivity, excellent mechanical properties, and thermal conductivity, can bring higher capacity, better cycling stability, excellent thermal conductivity, as well as lightweight and flexibilization to LIBs. Therefore, this paper first introduces the basic properties of CNTs and their preparation methods. Then, their roles in the positive and negative electrodes of LIBs are discussed respectively. Finally, an outlook on the future development of LIBs is made. This has a reference value for the future development of LIBs.

Under the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, the global economy has undergone profound changes, presenting unprecedented challenges to the job market for college graduates. This paper focuses on students in the field of economics and management, employing methods such as surveys, forums, and in-depth interviews to analyze the employment dilemmas and their causes in the post-pandemic era for college students. The study finds that students face a series of issues in aspects like employment information access, work skills, job-seeking conditions, professional qualities, social cognition, and career development. To address these challenges, the paper proposes six countermeasures and work plans, including improving employment services, strengthening school-enterprise cooperation, using data for guidance, conducting quality development, enhancing cognitive internship management, and statistical analysis of historical data. The aim is to enhance students’ employability and professional qualities, better adapting them to the job market in the post-pandemic era.

This study investigates the integrated application of cloud computing and big data in the field of education and its impact on curriculum teaching. Through a comprehensive review of the fundamental principles, current applications, and relevant literature, the study reveals the advantages and challenges of cloud computing and big data in aspects such as curriculum design, learning analytic, and personalized teaching. It also explores their influence on aspects like the sharing of teaching resources, the construction of online learning environments, and the evaluation of student learning outcomes. Furthermore, through case analysis and empirical studies, this paper provides a more in-depth validation of the practical effects of cloud computing and big data in improving teaching effectiveness, promoting educational innovation, and cultivating students’ information literacy. In summary, the integration of cloud computing and big data provides new perspectives and solutions for building smart education, while also laying a solid foundation for nurturing talents capable of meeting the demands of future society.

Domestic sewage is prone to deposit in the sewer system due to its complex composition and lengthy collection and transportation route. The migration and transformation of pollutants between deposits and sewage during the deposition process play a vital role in the sound and stable operation of the sewer system, the enhancement of the centralized collection rate of domestic sewage, and the safeguarding of urban water environments. Built on research findings worldwide, this paper summarizes the generation pattern and composition characteristics of the deposition and attenuation of pollutants in domestic sewage within the sewer system. The leading factors influencing sewage pollutant deposition are explored, and the harm engendered by the migration and transformation of pollutants between deposits and sewage is analyzed. Finally, we express hopes for addressing the issue of sewage pollutant deposition and attenuation, aiming to enhance the quality and efficiency of sewage treatment and foster the green and healthy development of sewer systems.

Objective: optimizing the extraction process of methylated catechin from Zijuan tea. Methods: Using acid ethanol as extraction solvent, based on three single factor experiments, the extraction time, extraction temperature and liquid-solid ratio were used to investigate the interaction of the above three factors on the extraction rate of methylated catechin from Zijuan tea. Results: The optimum extraction conditions were as follows: extraction time 100 min, extraction temperature 75 ℃, solid-liquid ratio（m Zijuan tea∶VSolvent） 1∶74 （g/mL）; under these conditions, the mass concentration of methylated catechin in the extract could reach 26.7 mg/g, and the relative error with the verification value was 1.48%. Conclusion: HPLC and response surface methods were used to optimize the extraction process of methylated catechins in Zijuan tea. The process is simple and the verification results are reasonable.

Both moving target defense and cyber deception defense protect their own systems and networks by increasing the uncertainty of information acquired by attackers.They can slow down network reconnaissance attacks to a certain extent.However,a single moving target defense technology cannot prevent attackers who use multiple information to conduct network intrusions.Meanwhile,the deployed decoy node may be identified and marked by the attacker,thereby reducing the defense effectiveness.Therefore,this paper proposes a hybrid defense mechanism combining moving target defense and cyber deception defens.Through in-depth analysis of actual network confrontation,a network intrusion threat model is constructed.Finally,a defense effectiveness evaluation model based on the Urn model is built.In addition,this paper evaluates the defense performance of the proposed hybrid defense method from multiple aspects such as virtual network topology size,deception probability of decoy nodes,IP address randomization period,IP address transfer probability,etc.,and provides reference and guidance for subsequent defense strategy design.

Objective The study investigated our institutional learning curve for the ROSA ONE spine system (ROSA) based on ROSA usage time. Methods ROSA was designed to provide high accuracy for spinal pedicle screw placement through a built-in tracking technique. This study was conducted from November 2018 to January 2021. The time taken to complete each step of the robotic workflow was recorded. Patient demographics, comorbidities, surgical indications, and number of screw placements were examined in subgroup analysis. The Curve Fitting-General package (a part of NCSS 2021 software) was used to fit a mathematical model to the learning curve. Patient demographics, imaging data, and surgical time were reviewed retrospectively. Results A total of 167 patients who had undergone surgery were included. The mean total ROSA usage time was 107.1 ± 27.3 minutes. The estimated learning rate was 90.4%, and the largest slope change occurred close to the time of the 20th surgery. The observed overall learning trend in the 4-screw group could be attributed to screw planning. The presence of scoliosis (p = 0.73) or spondylolisthesis (p = 0.70) did not significantly influence the mean total time (TT) for all patients; however, the mean TT differed significantly (p < 0.01) among subgroups stratified by body mass index, screw number placement, and thoracic spine involvement. Conclusion To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to examine the learning curve for the various crucial steps of ROSA-guided pedicle screw placement. The indicative learning curve involved 20 patients who had undergone surgery.

Dural defects and subsequent leakage of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) after neurosurgery are often associated with serious complications or even death. The associated surgical suture or sealant repair is often followed by pinhole leakage or a loose seal. Thus, pressure-resistant, high-viscosity dural repair is highly desired. In this study, a chitosan-based hydrogel sealant with the benefits of easy handling, high safety, rapid setting time, simple injection, excellent mechanical strength, and strong tissue adhesiveness was created to accomplish efficient sutureless dural closure during operation. This sealant may successfully prevent or stop intraoperative CSF leaking and provide sutureless dural closure. In conclusion, this sutureless chitosan-based hydrogel sealant could be a very promising candidate with high practical value for dural repair.