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Purpose: This is a cross-sectional observational study that aims to evaluate the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in pregnant women.Method: A form containing the validated Impact of Event Scale - Revised questionnaire was sent to the participants.Results: From the 106 participants, 13 had been contaminated by the Sars-Cov2 virus during the pregnancy. More than half of the women (51.89%) presented some degree of psychological impact, 20 participants were classified as having a mild impact, 6 with moderated impact and 29 with severe impact. The psychological impact was more prominent in women in their third gestational trimester, 36.07% of these women presented a severe impact, 4.92% a moderated impact and 14.75% a mild impact. The IES-R questionnaire had a mean score of 35.62 in the group of contaminated patients, indicating a higher psychological impact in comparison with the mean score of 26.76 in the group of patients who were not contaminated by the virus.Conclusion: It can be inferred that the pregnant women who were not contaminated by the Sars-Cov2 presented a lower psychological impact than those who were contaminated. In addition, patients with lower psychological impact did not miss their ultrasound exams. Furthermore, more than half of the women who participated in the study, whether they were contaminated or not, presented some degree of psychological impact.

Background: This study examines changes over time in post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) among children who survived the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake and the relevant predictive variables.Methods: A total of 203 children and adolescents were investigated 24 months after the earthquake, and 151 children and adolescents completed the 1-year follow-up study. Participants completed the Children's Revised Impact of Event Scale (CRIES-13), the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D) and the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC). Hierarchical linear regression analysis was used to evaluate the predictors of changes in PTSD severity.Results: Eighty percent of the children still had some PTSD symptoms 2 years after the Wenchuan earthquake, and 66.25% of the children had symptoms that lasted 3 years. In the model predicting PTSD symptom severity, the loss of family members and child burial explained a significant 21.9% of the variance, and depression explained a significant 16.7% of the variance. In the model predicting changes in PTSD severity, the change scores for resilience and depression explained a significant 18.7% of the variance, and cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) explained a significant 33.6% of the variance.Conclusions: PTSD symptoms in children and adolescents can persist for many years after trauma. In addition to using psychological interventions to improve PTSD symptoms, improvements in depression and resilience should also be considered.

International audience; Abstract Here, we simulate carbon dioxide (CO2) sequestration in 300 major world river basins (about 70% of global surface area) through carbonates dissolution and silicate hydrolysis. For each river basin, the daily timescale impacts under both the RCP 2.6 and RCP 8.5 climate scenarios were assessed relative to a historic baseline (1969-1999) using a cascade of models accounting for the hydrological evolution under climate change scenarios. Here we show that global temporal evolution of the CO2 uptake presents a general increase in the annual amount of CO2 consumed from 0.247 Pg C·y-1 to 0.261 and 0.273 Pg C·y-1, respectively for RCP 2.6 and RCP 8.5. Besides, despite showing a general increase for the global daily carbon sequestration, both climate scenarios present a decrease between June and August. Such projected changes have been mapped and evaluated against changes in hydrology, identifying hot spots and moments for the annual and seasonal periods.

The characteristics (magnitude and timing) of individual rainfall erosivity (RE) events in Europe strongly control soil loss at timescales from the individual event to long term annual average. While annual averages of soil erosion encompass the long-term variability of the event-based drivers of soil erosion (soil condition, water kinetic energy, vegetation properties), they provide both little direct information on the timing of soil loss or capacity to fully understand future erosion. Across the spectrum of empirical to physically based process models, event-scale estimates of rainfall energy are vital. The (R)USLE EI30 index is a popular description of the combined effect of rainfall kinetic energy and the maximum 30-minute intensity of a rainfall event on soil loss. Modelling RE from daily or event rainfall accumulation seeks to capture the intra-annual meteorological controls on the EI30 index, with the goal of utilising rainfall data with higher abundance (eg daily) than conventional but less common hyetograph data. To date, no systematic study has provided model parameter surfaces for Europe’s climatic regions and investigated their spatial configuration. For each of 74 relevant environmental strata (EnS) within 13 broader environmental zones, we calibrate and validate 5 power-law based models with monthly and annual parameter sets using the REDES dataset, composed of over 300,000 RE events from national gauge networks.We demonstrate the applicability of delineated environmental strata for subsampling and modelling event rainfall erosivity with heterogeneous national gauge data coverage and extent. Power-law model fits with 12 individual monthly parameter sets outperformed annual models with periodic cosine functions. The power-law α and β parameters are generally correlated through space (r = 0.66) and follow the general European trend of long-term annual average RE, increasing from North-West to South-East. The average annual Nash-Sutcliffe model efficiency for all strata increased from 0.427 (max: 0.76, min: 0.21) to 0.437 when the top 1 percentile of events were removed, which contribute between 8 and 27% of the total RE per stratum. The prediction capacity was higher in autumn and winter than in spring and summer when rainfall holds generally higher unit kinetic energy. Average model efficiency per environmental zone depended on both the rainfall stochasticity and size of the national data sample within each stratum, highlighting the importance of ample data extents for predicting event rainfall erosivity in Europe.

In mixed bedrock-alluvial rivers, the response of the system to a flood event can be affected by a number of factors, including coarse sediment availability in the channel, sediment supply from the hillslopes and upstream, flood sequencing, and coarse sediment grain size distribution. However, the impact of along-stream changes in channel width on bedload transport dynamics remains largely unexplored. We combine field data, theory, and numerical modeling to address this gap. Observations from two flood events in the Daan River gorge in western Taiwan suggest that coarse sediment evacuation and re-deposition can cause intra-flood changes of up to several meters in channel bed elevation that are distinct from measured before/after bed changes. We hypothesize that this could be related to the abrupt change in width between the 1 km long bedrock gorge and the river upstream and downstream. An analysis of the theoretical relationships between discharge, channel width, and bedload transport capacity shows that for a given slope, narrow channels transport bedload more efficiently than wide ones at low discharges, while wider channels are more efficient at high discharges. We used the model sedFlow to explore this effect, running a random sequence of floods through a channel with a narrow gorge section bounded upstream and downstream by wider reaches. Channel response to imposed floods is complex, as high and low discharges drive different spatial patterns of erosion and deposition, and the channel may experience both of these regimes during the peak and recession periods of each flood. Our modeling suggests that width differences alone can drive substantial variations in sediment flux and bed response, without the need for variations in sediment supply or mobility. Further, the deposition or erosion that takes place within a flood is often not reflected in the before/after changes to the bed, and this disconnect increases with increasing flood size.

Background As any traumatic event, avalanches could trigger psychological disorders on survivors. Our objectives were to determine the prevalence of post-traumatic stress disorder among avalanche survivors and to evaluate post-traumatic stress disorder risks factors as well as the impact on quality of life. Methods A multicentre study was conducted in victims included in the North Alpine Avalanche Registry from 2014 to 2018. Data were collected through a standard questionnaire during semi-directed phone interviews. The primary outcome was the total score on the Impact of Event Scale Revised. Secondary outcomes were the Mental Component Scale and the Physical Component Scale scores of the Short Form 12 questionnaire. Results During the study period, 132 of 211 victims survived. Among the 107 victims included, 55 (51.4%) phone interviews were obtained. Six patients (10.9, 95% CI 1.76–20.05) had an Impact of Event Scale Revised score ≥ 33 indicating a strong probability for post-traumatic stress disorder. Median Mental Component Scale score was 39.0 (IQR 30.5–46.3) for post-traumatic stress disorder patients and 40.1 (IQR 36.5–43.4) for non post-traumatic stress disorder (p = 0.76). Median Physical Component Scale score was 39.4 (37.2–44.3) for post-traumatic stress disorder patients and 44.2 (39.1–46.8) for non post-traumatic stress disorder (p = 0.39). No significant difference in the quality of life in both populations was observed, and no independent risk factors of post-traumatic stress disorder was identified. Conclusion Avalanche accidents may induce post-traumatic stress disorders among survivors in a comparable prevalence to the most traumatic event already studied. Early recognition and preventive measures should be set up in order to reduce the psychological burden in these victims. Trial registration NCT03936738.

Background Pediatric medical traumatic stress (PMTS) is a psychological and physiological response of children and their families to pain, serious illness, and invasive medical procedures. We aimed to apply the PMTS model to parents of newborns operated at birth for a congenital malformation and to identify clinical and sociodemographic risk factors associated with PMTS symptoms at 6 months. Methods We designed a cross-sectional study to assess PMTS symptoms (avoidance, arousal, reexperiencing) in parents of six months children operated on for a congenital anomaly, with the Italian version of the Impact of Event Scale – Revised (IES-R). Results One-hundred-seventy parents form the object of the study. Eighty-two parents (48.2%) fell over the clinical cut-off. Ventilatory time (p = 0.0001), length of hospital stay (p = 0.0001), associated anomalies (p = 0.0002), medical devices at discharge (p = 0.0001) and Bayley motor scale (p = 0.0002) were significantly correlated with IES-R Total and Subscale Scores. Multivariate linear regression showed length of hospital stay and number of associated anomalies as significant predictors of IES-R Scores. Conclusions Regardless the type of anomaly and sociodemographic factors, it is the clinical history of the child which seems to predict the severity of PMTS symptoms in this population of parents. PMTS represents a useful model to describe the psychological reactions of parents of newborns operated at birth for a congenital malformation. NICU and outpatient pediatric staff should be aware of risk factors to identify families who may request early multidisciplinary interventions since the first admission. Level of evidence Prognosis study, level II.

Two-particle angular correlations are measured in high-multiplicity proton-proton collisions at$$ \sqrt{s} $$s= 13 TeV by the ALICE Collaboration. The yields of particle pairs at short-(∆η∼ 0) and long-range (1.6<|∆η|<1.8) in pseudorapidity are extracted on the near-side (∆φ∼ 0). They are reported as a function of transverse momentum (pT) in the range 1< pT<4 GeV/c. Furthermore, the event-scale dependence is studied for the first time by requiring the presence of high-pTleading particles or jets for varyingpTthresholds. The results demonstrate that the long-range “ridge” yield, possibly related to the collective behavior of the system, is present in events with high-pTprocesses as well. The magnitudes of the short- and long-range yields are found to grow with the event scale. The results are compared to EPOS LHC and PYTHIA 8 calculations, with and without string-shoving interactions. It is found that while both models describe the qualitative trends in the data, calculations from EPOS LHC show a better quantitative agreement for thepTdependency, while overestimating the event-scale dependency.

The Impact of Event Scale-Revised (IES-R) is a widely used self-report questionnaire used to assess symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Although the IES-R has been translated and validated in multiple languages, no previous version has employed the Arabic dialect commonly spoken in Syria. The present work aimed to assess the psychometric properties of a Syrian Arabic version of the IES-R. Syrian citizens (N = 288) living in refugee camps in Turkey were administered the Syrian Arabic IES-R as part of a humanitarian aid project focused on providing psychological assistance. The data were analyzed with respect to 10 previously published factor solutions. We found that the best-fitting model was a four-factor structure that included factors involving Avoidance-Numbing, Intrusion, Hyperarousal, and Sleep Disturbance. The model showed strong measurement invariance between male and female subsamples, allowing for meaningful comparisons of the factor means. Overall, the present findings support the validity of a new version of the IES-R, which can be used by both researchers and clinicians responding to the urgent need for psychological care for Syrian refugees fleeing war-related violence.

Aim To evaluate health-related quality of life, mental health and treatment-related stress responses in children with primary antibody deficiency and both their parents. Methods Children and their parents completed the standardised questionnaires Pediatric Quality of life Inventory, Strength and Difficulties Questionnaire and Impact of Event Scale. Parents also completed standardised questionnaires regarding their own mental health and quality of life. The results were compared to those of healthy children, kidney transplanted children and children in remission from acute lymphoblastic leukaemia. Results Children with primary antibody deficiency reported a poorer health-related quality of life compared to healthy children and children in remission from acute lymphoblastic leukaemia. They reported poorer mental health compared with healthy children. Mothers of children with primary antibody deficiency reported poorer mental health compared to mothers of healthy children but comparable to mothers of chronically ill children. Parents reported a similar quality of life as the general Norwegian population. Treatment with subcutaneous immunoglobulin infusions at home is generally well tolerated, but some report severe treatment-related stress. Conclusion Primary antibody deficiency has a significant impact on quality of life and mental health of affected children. Patients and parents with severe treatment-related stress should be identified and helped.

In mixed bedrock–alluvial rivers, the response of the system to a flood event can be affected by a number of factors, including coarse sediment availability in the channel, sediment supply from the hillslopes and upstream, flood sequencing and coarse sediment grain size distribution. However, the impact of along-stream changes in channel width on bedload transport dynamics remains largely unexplored. We combine field data, theory and numerical modelling to address this gap. First, we present observations from the Daan River gorge in western Taiwan, where the river flows through a 1 km long 20–50 m wide bedrock gorge bounded upstream and downstream by wide braidplains. We documented two flood events during which coarse sediment evacuation and redeposition appear to cause changes of up to several metres in channel bed elevation. Motivated by this case study, we examined the relationships between discharge, channel width and bedload transport capacity, and show that for a given slope narrow channels transport bedload more efficiently than wide ones at low discharges, whereas wider channels are more efficient at high discharges. We used the model sedFlow to explore this effect, running a random sequence of floods through a channel with a narrow gorge section bounded upstream and downstream by wider reaches. Channel response to imposed floods is complex, as high and low discharges drive different spatial patterns of erosion and deposition, and the channel may experience both of these regimes during the peak and recession periods of each flood. Our modelling suggests that width differences alone can drive substantial variations in sediment flux and bed response, without the need for variations in sediment supply or mobility. The fluctuations in sediment transport rates that result from width variations can lead to intermittent bed exposure, driving incision in different segments of the channel during different portions of the hydrograph. © 2020 The Authors. Earth Surface Processes and Landforms published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd

Objective: We aimed to conduct a comparative analysis of the psychological stress experienced by healthcare workers, frontline workers, and the general public and to assess the factors associated with psychological stress in each of these groups.Methods: We conducted an online survey targeting healthcare workers, frontline workers, and the general public. Psychological stress was assessed with the revised impact of event scale (IES-R). Univariable and multivariable logistic regression analyses were conducted.Results: We surveyed 1,336 participants (64.6% female; mean age, 36.6). The occupation group distribution of respondents was 50.7% healthcare workers, 27.2% frontline workers, and 22.1% general public. The healthcare (23.6 ± 15.8) and frontline (23.6 ± 17.8) workers had higher IES-R scores than the general public (15.3 ± 10.6; p < 0.01). Poor health perception and perception of infection avoidance were associated with psychological stress in the healthcare and frontline workers, but not in the general public.Conclusion: Both healthcare and frontline workers are suffering elevated psychological stress, compared to the general public, and this elevated stress may be related especially to their perceptions of their own health and infection risk. Interventions addressing these factors should be developed to alleviate psychological stress in these populations, and thus reduce their risk of mental illness pathogenesis.

This research examines psychosocial stress associated with shale gas development through the narratives of residents and the Revised Impact of Event Scale (IES-R). We carried out our research in three of England&rsquo, s communities impacted by shale gas development. To gather data, we conducted qualitative interviews and engaged in participant observation in all three communities and conducted a quantitative survey of residents. From our qualitative interviews it was apparent that the residents we spoke with experienced significant levels of stress associated with shale gas development in each community. Importantly, residents reported that stress was not only a reaction to development, but a consequence of interacting with industry and decision makers. Our quantitative findings suggest that a significant portion of residents 14.1% living near the shale gas sites reported high levels of stress (i.e., scoring 24 or more points) even while the mean IES-R score of residents living around the site is relatively low (i.e., 9.6, 95% CI 7.5&ndash, 11.7). We conclude that the experiences, of the three English communities, reported in the qualitative interviews and quantitative survey are consistent with the reports of stress in the United States for those residents who live in shale gas communities. We therefore suggest that psychosocial stress is an important negative externality, which needs to be taken seriously by local planning officers and local planning committees when considering exploration and development permits for shale gas.

Highlights • The psychological impact of COVID-19 crisis has remained stable during the lockdown. • Symptoms of frequent mental disorders were reported by 35-50% of participants. • Anxiety, depression and above all stress levels have risen from the COVID-19 outbreak. • Daily physical activity may be included as a complement to reduce symptomatology., Background Strict confinement and social distancing measures have been imposed due to the COVID-19 pandemic in many countries. The aim was to assess the temporal evolution of the psychological impact of the COVID-19 crisis and lockdown from two surveys, separated by one month, performed in Spain. Methods Symptoms of depression, anxiety and stress, and the psychological impact of the situation were longitudinally analyzed using the Depression Anxiety and Stress Scale (DASS-21) and the Impact of Event Scale (IES) respectively. Results There was a total of 4,724 responses from both surveys. Symptomatic scores of anxiety, depression and stress were exhibited by 37.22%, 46.42% and 49.66% of the second survey respondents, showing a significant increase compared to the first survey (32.45%, 44.11% and 37.01%, respectively). There was no significant longitudinal change of the IES scores, with 48.30% of the second survey participants showing moderate to severe impact of the confinement. Constant news consumption about COVID-19 was found to be positively associated with symptomatic scores in the different scales, and daily physical activity to be negatively associated with DASS-21 scores. Conclusions Results indicated a temporal increase of anxiety, depression and stress scores during the COVID-19 lockdown. Factors such as age, consumption of information about COVID-19 and physical activity seem to have an important impact on the evolution of psychological symptoms.

Type 1 diabetes is a challenge for children, adolescents, and their families as it affects the quality of life and lifestyle of the whole family context. Diabetes onset and its chronic management could be therefore particularly related to post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), a group of persistent psychological and physiological symptoms due to a traumatic and severe event. The aim of this study was to assess the rate of PTSD in a group of pediatric patients with T1DM and to evaluate the relationship between parental trauma and quality of life. Forty-nine prepubertal children affected by T1DM and their families were consecutively enrolled in the study. Patients and parents were asked to complete two types of questionnaires: (1) The Impact of Event Scale (IES) questionnaire for the evaluation of PTSD. (2) The PedsQL™3.0 Diabetes Module questionnaire to measure diabetes-specific QOL in both children and their parents. Our data suggest that a clinical level of trauma is present in 66.7% of mothers and 65.5% of fathers of T1D children. Parents with medium or high IES Scores demonstrated lower levels of QoL. The results of this study show a high prevalence of acute post-traumatic stress symptoms in parents of prepubertal children with T1DM. This finding is consistent with data from adult diabetic patients. Our data demonstrated also a relation between parents’ level of traumatism and declared QoL scores. Indeed, our data confirm that the duration of diabetes negatively correlates with the QoL by both, parents and patients.

Event centrality, as measured by the Centrality of Event Scale (CES), refers to the degree to which a salient traumatic memory becomes central to individual identity. The current investigation modified the CES to capture valence (positive vs. negative) of event centrality (i.e., CES-V) and determine whether the valence of event centrality for traumatic events differentially relates to trauma responses (i.e., posttraumatic stress disorder [PTSD], posttraumatic growth [PTG]). Trauma-exposed community members (n = 512) completed measures of trauma experiences, PTSD, PTG, and the CES-V. Exploratory factor analysis supported the use of the CES-V. Trauma outcome response profiles were compared between event centrality valence group (i.e., central-positive, not central, central-negative) and factors influencing event centrality valence were explored. Most participants appraised their trauma as central and positive (54.7%), while others appraised their trauma as central and negative (32.8%) or not central (12.5%). Central-positive event centrality ratings were positively related to PTG and inversely related to PTSD, whereas central-negative event centrality ratings were positively related to PTSD and inversely related to PTG. The central-positive group reported the most PTG, and the central-negative group reported the most PTSD. Future research should explore the clinical utility of using event centrality valence to predict trauma responses and track treatment progress.

We used a suite of physical, chemical and biological datasets to assess the influence of upwelling/downwelling on enrichment and primary productivity in shelf waters of the eastern Great Australian Bight at seasonal and event scales. Results showed that the length of an upwelling season did not dictate its intensity or productivity, and that long seasons were not necessarily the most intense or productive. At the event scale, temperature and salinity were found to be better indicators of enrichment of shelf waters than wind stress, with temperatures 2 µm) and bursts of primary productivity (up to ∼ 700 mg C m−2 d−1). A key finding of this study was the importance of differentiating between upwelling events and enrichment events. The former occurred in the early upwelling season (November-December) and were demonstrated by periods of positive wind stress. The latter only occurred in the late upwelling season (January – April), and saw water with temperatures

We develop and implement a novel numerical water tracer model within the Noah LSM with multiparameterization options (WT-Noah-MP) that is specifically designed to track individual hydrometeorological events. This approach provides a more complete representation of the physical processes beyond the standard land surface model output. Unlike isotope-enabled LSMs, WT-Noah-MP does not simulate the concentration of oxygen or hydrogen isotopes, or require isotope information to drive it. WT-Noah-MP provides stores, fluxes, and transit time estimates of tagged water in the surface–subsurface system. The new tracer tool can account for the horizontal and vertical heterogeneity of tracer transport in the subsurface by allowing partial mixing in each soil layer. We compared model-estimated transit times at the H. J. Andrews Experimental Watershed in Oregon with those derived from isotope observations. Our results show that including partial mixing in the soil results in a more realistic transit time distribution than the basic well-mixed assumption. We then used WT-Noah-MP to investigate the regional response to an extreme precipitation event in the U.S. Pacific Northwest. The model differentiated the flood response due to direct precipitation from indirect thermal effects and showed that a large portion of this event water was retained in the soil after 6 months. The water tracer addition in Noah-MP can help us quantify the long-term memory in the hydrologic system that can impact seasonal hydroclimate variability through evapotranspiration and groundwater recharge.

AIM: For those patients who suffer unfavourable outcome after survival of cardiac arrest, it is important to know whether this can be predicted at an early stage. Support can subsequently be provided. This study aimed to identify early prognostic factors of quality of life (QOL) and societal participation at one year post-cardiac arrest.METHODS: The design was a prospective longitudinal cohort study following cardiac arrest survivors up to one year. Prognostic personal, injury-related, function-related and subjective outcome factors were selected and entered into a hierarchical regression model to assess whether they were predictive of QOL and societal participation at one year post-cardiac arrest.RESULTS: Hundred and ten cardiac arrest survivors were included. Not having a partner, more functional limitations (at two weeks) and cognitive complaints were significantly predictive of lower physical QOL, while higher levels of anxiety and depression symptoms (at three months) were significant predictors of mental QOL. A neurological history and higher levels of anxiety and depression symptoms were significantly predictive of lower brain injury-specific QOL. Societal participation was only predicted by premorbid functioning.CONCLUSION: This study identified prognostic factors of QOL and societal participation one year after survival of cardiac arrest. Screening of these factors in early stages can identify those survivors with possibly unfavourable QOL at one year post cardiac arrest. For those survivors, preventive and targeted interventions may be offered.

The purpose of study was to determine the effect of traumatic events of December 16, 2014 on level of trauma of the children of Peshawar and the effect of traumatic experience their academics performance. Total sample consisted of two hundred (N=200) students with age range of 14-16 years (M=14.59, SD=1.128). Data was collected from the students of Army Public School and College System. Warsak road Peshawar and other three Schools on Warsak road included, Peshawar Public School, Peshawar Model School for Girls and Warsak Model School. Random sampling technique was used to recruit the study participant. Demographic information sheet, the Impact of Event Scale- Revised, Self-constructed questionnaire for measuring the Academic Performance of the students before and after traumatic experience of the students. Result showed that the terrorist attack effect the mental health of the students, students reported significant effect on their academic performance.

The aim of this study was to investigate whether the level of reported post-traumatic stress (PTSD) symptoms among targets of workplace bullying differ depending on their educational level. Exposure to workplace bullying was assessed by the behavioural experience method and the self-labelling method among 563 Danish employees. PTSD symptoms were assessed by the Impact of Event Scale – Revised. Educational level was measured as years of education. The results showed that workplace bullying was significantly associated with the reporting of PTSD symptoms. However, PTSD symptoms were not reported differently among those with experience of workplace bullying. Implementing bullying policies is an important step in promoting a healthy psychosocial working environment. All targets of workplace bullying would benefit from interventions aiming to reduce progression of PTSD symptoms.The aim of this study was to investigate whether the level of reported post-traumatic stress (PTSD) symptoms among targets of workplace bullying differ depending on their educational level. Exposure to workplace bullying was assessed by the behavioural experience method and the self-labelling method among 563 Danish employees. PTSD symptoms were assessed by the Impact of Event Scale – Revised. Educational level was measured as years of education. The results showed that workplace bullying was significantly associated with the reporting of PTSD symptoms. However, PTSD symptoms were not reported differently among those with experience of workplace bullying. Implementing bullying policies is an important step in promoting a healthy psychosocial working environment. All targets of workplace bullying would benefit from interventions aiming to reduce progression of PTSD symptoms.

Heavy rainstorms play a central role in the water-driving soil erosion processes. An in-depth knowledge about temporal and spatial erosivity of rainfall events is required to gain a better understanding of soil erosion processes and optimize soil protection measures efficiency. In this study, the spatiotemporal distribution of more than 300,000 erosive events measured at 1181 locations, part of the Rainfall Erosivity Database at European Scale (REDES) database, is studied to shed some new light on the rainfall erosivity in Europe. Rainfall erosive events are statistically investigated through the Lorenz curve and derived coefficients such as the Gini coefficient (G). Additionally, seasonal characteristics of the most and the less erosive events are compared to investigate seasonal characteristics of rainstorms across Europe. The G shows largest values of inequality of the inter-annual temporal distribution of the rainfall erosive events in the Alpine region, mostly due to the large number of rainfall events with smaller rainfall erosivity. While for other parts of Europe, the inequality described by the G is mostly due to a small number of high erosive events. The G slightly decreases from south to north while no clear regional patterns can be detected. Additionally, in Europe, on average 11% (ranging from 1 to 24%) of all erosive events contribute to form 50% of the total rainfall erosivity. Furthermore, higher erosive rainfall events tend to occur later in the year compared to less erosive events that take place earlier. To our knowledge, this study is the first one addressing event scale rainfall erosivity distribution using more than 300,000 rainfall erosivity events and covering almost a whole continent. Scientifically our findings represent a major step towards large-scale process-based erosion modelling while, practically, they provide new elements that can support national and local soil erosion monitoring programs.

During their professional tasks, railway workers face stressful situations that can elicit posttraumatic stress and chronic job stress. This study aims to identify burnout level and the existence of PTSD among railway workers, comparing participants with and without experience of accidents at work. Using a sample of 293 railway workers, we applied sociodemographic and professional questions, the Maslach Burnout Inventory and the Impact of Event Scale – Revised. We found moderate levels of burnout, with 56% of the participants presenting high emotional exhaustion. Post-traumatic stress disorder presented moderate levels, but 32% of the sample already revealed trauma symptoms. We found that 60% of the sample has experience of accidents, presenting more emotional exhaustion and high values for all trauma dimensions. The more recent the accident, the greater are psychological avoidance and trauma symptoms, warning of the need to prevent psychological illness in the long-term., Os profissionais que trabalham na ferrovia enfrentam situações stressantes potenciadoras de stress pós-traumático e de stress crónico no trabalho. Pretende-se conhecer o nível de burnout e a existência de stress pós-traumático, comparando os resultados em função da vivência de acidentes no trabalho. Aplicaram-se a 293 profissionais da ferrovia questões sociodemográficas e profissionais, o Maslach Burnout Inventory e a Impact of Event Scale – Revised. Encontraram-se níveis moderados de burnout, nos quais se destacam 56% dos inquiridos com exaustão emocional elevada. O stress pós-traumático apresentou níveis moderados mas 32% da amostra tem já sintomas de trauma. Verificou-se que 60% da amostra tem experiência de acidentes, apresentando mais exaustão emocional e valores superiores em todas as dimensões do trauma. Quanto mais recente o acidente maior o evitamento psicológico e sintomas de trauma, alertando para a necessidade de prevenir, a longo prazo, o adoecer psicológico.

The present study evaluates the back translation in Urdu and factor structure of Impact of Event Scale-Revised. The scale was administered to 446 adolescents in Pakistan with modifications to the time frame. Indirect traumatic exposure had occurred over six months to 2 years ago. Cronbach alpha coefficients of .78 for Intrusion subscale, .74 for Avoidance subscale and .66 for Hyperarousal subscales; and .88 for total scale scores are reported. Principal component analysis revealed a 3-factor solution explaining 45 % of the variance; factor structure was not similar to the proposed theoretical structure of IES-R. Endemic characteristics and cultural setup of the country highlight need to understand development and expression of trauma in the cultural milieu and direct future research for intervention strategies in schools. Keywords: Indirect exposure, trauma, adolescents, factor structure.

The aim of this study is to investigate the impact of psychological counselling on victims with Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) from the Rana Plaza tragedy. Data was collected from two different groups using the Impact of Event Scale translated and validated in Bengali. Participants of one group consist of 50 who received life skills training and the other group of 71 who had no such training. PTSD was significantly reduced in both groups of the participants after receiving 6 consecutive sessions of psychological counselling, t(120) = 17.11, p

espanolEl proposito de este estudio es evaluar la relacion entre factores socio-demograficos y del evento con la sintomatologia postraumatica (SPT) y el crecimiento postraumatico (CPT) en personas que perdieron su hogar en el terremoto de Chile del 27 de febrero de 2010. Con este fin, se seleccionaron 351 personas adultas, entre 18 y 84 anos, de las cuales 63,2% eran mujeres. Se aplico el Inventario de Crecimiento Postraumatico y la Escala de Impacto de Evento Revisada, ademas de un cuestionario socio-demografico. Se evidencia en el estudio la relacion significativa con la SPT o el CPT de elementos tales como sexo, edad, ingresos economicos, cambio de comuna tras el sismo y la razon de la perdida de la vivienda Se presentan los resultados y argumenta su alcance para la promocion y prevencion de salud en sobrevivientes de desastres naturales. EnglishThe purpose of this study is to evaluate the relationship that socio-demographic and event factors share with post-traumatic symptomatology (PTSD) and posttraumatic growth (PTG) in people who lost their home in the earthquake that hit Chile on february 27th, 2010. To this end, 351 adults from 18 to 84 years old were selected, of whom 63.2% were women. For this study, the Posttraumatic Growth Inventory (PTGI) and the revised Impact of Event Scale (IES) were applied, in addition to a socio-demographic questionnaire. This study shows that elements such as gender, age, economic income, change of location after the earthquake, and the reason behind the loss of housing bear a significant relation with PTSD or PTG. Results are presented, and their consequences for health promotion and prevention in survivors of natural disasters are discussed.

A new version of a spatially distributed sediment delivery model taking into account the hillslope sediment transport efficiency, named MOSEDD, is presented. This model gives estimates of basin sediment yield at event scale, which are more reliable than those obtained by the original SEDD. For SPA2 basin discretized into morphological units, four different calculation schemes of MOSEDD, including the original SEDD version, were applied. All parameterization schemes of the model were calibrated using 15 events measured at the outlet of the experimental basin in the period February 2005–February 2010. The model calibration was used to determine a relationship between the coefficient βₑ of the model and the erosivity factor. For the model validation, other six measured events, collected in the period March 2010–February 2014, were used. At event scale, the comparison between measured sediment yield values and calculated ones showed that the three calculation schemes of MOSEDD using a rainfall–runoff erosivity factor (MODB, MODC and MODD) have the best performance in estimating sediment yield with respect to the original version of SEDD. The analysis was also developed at annual scale, for the period 2005–2014, and a relationship between the annual value of the coefficient, βₐ, of the model and the corresponding erosivity factor was established. This last analysis showed that the sediment delivery distributed approach has also a good predictive ability at annual scale. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

The study intended to see the impact of infertility on experience of emotional trauma, belief pattern and formation of psychopathology and also to explore the psychopathology with respect to degree of infertility related stress impact among male, female and unexplained factor infertility in couples suffering from primary infertility.This was a clinic-based, cross-sectional comparative study based on a consecutive sampling method.Sixty couples were studied of whom 10 couples had male-related infertility (MF), 10 had female-related infertility (FF) and 10 unexplained infertility (UF). Another 30 fertile couples were also included as comparative group (CG) after matching on certain sociodemographic variables with the clinical groups.Impact of Event Scale, Symptom Checklist-90 Revised and Irrational Belief Scale were used.The impact of emotional trauma and irrational belief was greatest in the male-related infertility couples, and somatisation in the unexplained group, whereas depression and interpersonal sensitivity were higher in the female-related infertility couples. An impact of moderate to severe infertility-related stress on depression and irrational beliefs was also observed. Gender difference was evident with respect to psychopathology and types of infertility.The impact of infertility is evident with respect to psychopathology with differential impact of various types of infertility groups among Indian couples.

Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms are common in acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) survivors. Brief screening instruments are needed for clinical and research purposes. We evaluated internal consistency, external construct, and criterion validity of the Impact of Event Scale-6 (IES-6; 6 items) compared to the original Impact of Event Scale-Revised (IES-R; 22 items) and to the Clinician Administered PTSD Scale (CAPS) reference standard evaluation in ARDS survivors.This study is a secondary analysis from two independent multi-site, prospective studies of ARDS survivors. Measures of internal consistency, and external construct and criterion validity were evaluated.A total of 1001 ARDS survivors (51% female, 76% white, mean (SD) age 49 (14) years) were evaluated. The IES-6 demonstrated internal consistency over multiple time points up to 5 years after ARDS (Cronbach’s alpha = 0.86 to 0.91) and high correlation with the IES-R (0.96; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.94 to 0.97). The IES-6 demonstrated stronger correlations with related constructs (e.g., anxiety and depression; |r| = 0.32 to 0.52) and weaker correlations with unrelated constructs (e.g., physical function and healthcare utilization measures (|r| = 0.02 to 0.27). Criterion validity evaluation with the CAPS diagnosis of PTSD in a subsample of 60 participants yielded an area under receiver operating characteristic curve (95% CI) of 0.93 (0.86, 1.00), with an IES-6 cutoff score of 1.75 yielding 0.88 sensitivity and 0.85 specificity.The IES-6 is reliable and valid for screening for PTSD in ARDS survivors and may be useful in clinical and research settings.

Event scale analysis of green roofs hydrological performances in a Mediterranean environment. Different green roofs constructive technologies are investigated. Different hydrological models are applied to identify pros and cons of empirical and physically based models.

O presente estudo tem como objetivo apresentar os resultados da tradução e adaptação da escala Impact of Event Scale – Revised (IES-R), de Weiss e Marmar (1997), para a população portuguesa. Os resultados foram obtidos com uma amostra de 185 sujeitos divididos por três grupos: n1 = 130 população geral; n2 = 46 doentes em seguimento psiquiátrico; n3 = 9 sujeitos em seguimento num serviço de violência familiar. A análise fatorial por componentes principais evidencia a existência de quatro fatores que explicam 61.3% da variância total: ativação fisiológica; intrusão, evitamento e anestesia emocional. Esta estrutura apresenta-se congruente com o modelo teórico subjacente à IES-R. A consistência interna é elevada para o total da escala e dos fatores, com exceção do fator anestesia emocional que apresenta um alfa mais baixo. A validade convergente foi obtida com a versão portuguesa da Intimate Justice Scale (IJS), revelando uma relação positiva estatisticamente significativa entre as duas escalas. This paper reports the results of the translation and adaptation of the Impact of Event Scale – Revised (IES-R), developed by Weiss and Marmar (1997), for the Portuguese population. Data was obtained through a sample of 185 subjects, subdivided in three groups: n1 = 130 from the general population; n2 = 46 patients from a psychiatric service; and n3 = 9 subjects from a family violence service. Principal component analysis reveals a four-factor structure, explaining 61.3% of the total variance: hyperarousal, intrusion, avoidance, and emotional numbing. This factorial structure is similar to the theoretical model underlying the IES-R. The Portuguese version of the IES-R shows high internal consistency for the total scale and factors, with the exception of emotional numbing, that shows a weaker alpha value. Convergent validity was assessed with the Intimate Justice Scale. A positive and statistically significant correlation was found between these two measures.

The present study showed that the frequency of post‐traumatic stress disorder was 9.3% at 1 month after bereavement among Japanese relatives of sudden death victims after an intervention. This frequency was minimal compared with previous reports., Aim To investigate the prospective frequency of post‐traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) among relatives of sudden death patients following provision of a pamphlet explaining the stages of the complicated grief process and self‐regulating techniques. Methods From May 2017 to February 2018, we prospectively and consecutively provided a pamphlet to relatives of out‐of‐hospital sudden cardiac arrest victims who failed to obtain spontaneous circulation. We investigated the psychiatric status of the bereaved relatives using the Impact of Event Scale – Revised (IES‐R). An IES‐R score over 24 was defined as PTSD. Results Fifty‐four relatives of the 54 dead patients (victims) provided permission of entry to this research. All subjects and victims were Japanese. Among them, 24 subjects had an IES‐R score of 0 and 5 (9.3%) had PTSD approximately 1 month after their bereavement. There were no relatives who received spontaneous psychiatric treatment. The IES‐R scores for non‐medical cardiac arrest, death inquests, and parent variables were significantly higher compared with medical cardiac arrest, no inquest, and no parent, respectively. The IES‐R scores in those who were a child of the victim were significantly lower than in those who were not. Conclusion The present study showed that the frequency of PTSD was 9.3% at 1 month following bereavement among Japanese relatives of sudden death victims after an intervention. This frequency was minimal compared with previous reports.

Event centrality is defined as the extent to which the memory of a traumatic event forms a reference point for personal identity and the attribution of meaning to other experiences in a person’s life. The current study investigated the psychometric properties of the Dutch translation of the Centrality of Event Scale (CES; Berntsen & Rubin, 2006) and its relation with symptoms of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD), depression, exposure to traumatic events as defined by DSM-5 trauma criterion A, and negative life events in a student sample (N = 967). An underlying structure of one factor was found. This factor structure was replicated in two additional independent samples. High internal consistency was found for a 6-item CES. CES scores were positively related to symptoms of PTSD and depression, to the DSM-5 trauma criterion A, and the number of negative life events. The CES made a unique contribution to the explained variance in PTSD symptoms when controlling for depression. However, CES scores were unrelated to depression when controlling for PTSD symptoms, suggesting that event centrality might be more typically related to PTSD, and less to depression. ispartof: European Journal Of Psychological Assessment vol:36 issue:2 pages:1-11 status: Published online

Background Previous studies showed that family carers (FCs) who engaged in formal ACP had fewer adverse outcomes in wellbeing compared with FCs who did not. The ACTION trial is the first multicentre randomized controlled trial of ACP in six European countries. This study will report on the effect of ACP on the wellbeing of bereaved FCs. Methods 451 questionnaires were sent to bereaved FCs 3 months after the patient participating in the trial had died; 163 were returned (response rate: 36.1%; N control= 93, N intervention= 70). Wellbeing was measured with the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) and Impact Event Scale (IES). Results No significant differences were found in wellbeing of FCs between groups. The mean scores for the HADS show no significant differences between groups for anxiety (mean score control 7,09 vs. mean score intervention 8,29) and depression (mean score control 6,72 vs. mean score intervention 7,17). No significant differences are found between groups in the mean scores for the IES. Intrusion had a mean score of 21,27 for control vs. 21,38 for intervention; Avoidance had a mean score of 10,34 for control vs. 12,72 for intervention. Conclusion Despite previous evidence about improved outcomes for wellbeing in FCs in ACP programs, our ACP intervention did not show differences between groups. Possibly the non-response or cultural discrepancies between the different countries have a part in this. More research is needed to explain what mechanisms are present. This study is supported by a grant from the FWO (nr. G034717N).

Although both the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant (FNPP) accident in 2011 and the Chernobyl NPP Unit 4 (CNPP) accident in 1986 are classified as Level 7, the worst nuclear incidence on the International Nuclear and Radiological Event Scale by the International Atomic Energy Agency, there are various differences between the two, including the accident process, released radionuclide composition, and meteorological and geological conditions. The amounts of iodine-131 (131I) and cesium-137 (137Cs) released into the atmosphere were about six times smaller after the FNPP accident compared to the CNPP accident. Cesium-137 is the most important radionuclide in considering long-term effects of nuclear accidents. According to Chernobyl laws in Ukraine, Belarus and Russia, depending on the level of 137Cs contamination, the contaminated territories were classified as alienation zone (>1480 kBq m−2), obligatory resettlement zone (555–1480 kBq m−2) and voluntarily resettlement zone (185–555 kBq m−2). The areas of the corresponding zones around FNPP were 272, 459 and 1405 km2, respectively, which were 11–15 times smaller compared to the CNPP accident. Meanwhile, the number of affected people around FNPP was only three to five times smaller compared to CNPP, reflecting the higher population density for the FNPP accient. Cumulative exposures for the 1st year 1 m above ground (normalized to the initial 137Cs deposition of 1 MBq m−2) were 63 mGy for the FNPP accident, while it was 500 mGy for the CNPP accident because more various radionuclides were emitted in case of the CNPP accident than the FNPP accident. Cumulative exposures at 30 years were evaluated to be 500 mGy and 970 mGy for the FNPP accident and the CNPP accident, respectively.

Purpose of the study was to proceeded as follows: compare level of satisfaction with quality of life military personnel, which took part in hostilities in six months and those military personnel, which didn’t have experience with combat-gunfire wounds, but carried out to destination in the area of anti-terrorism operation on the relative remoteness of the line of contact with the enemy over six months; determine correlations between indicators, which demonstrate the psychological traumatization of military personnel and indicator of their level of satisfaction with quality of life. Design and Methods . Method «Level of satisfaction with quality of life», The questionnaire for Primary Screening of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD), The questionnaire of traumatic stress (I.O. Kotenev), Impactof Event Scale (IES-R), Mississippi Scale (military version), Symptom Check List-90-Revised - SCL-90-R. Results. Correlation analysis revealed meaningful negative correlation between indicators, which demonstrate the psychological traumatization of military personnel and indicators of level of satisfaction with quality of their life. Implications. Military Personnel, ho have less distinct features of psychological traumatization, have lower level of satisfaction with quality of life, than soldiers, from whom this indicators raised to a lesser extent. Keywords: psychological traumatization, living standarts, military personnel, combat experience, stressors. Отримано: 25. 0 2 .2019 Відрецензовано: 11 .0 3 .2019 Опубліковано: 02 .04.2019 * * * * * Завантажити/прочитати статтю PDF

Introduction: Nepal suffered from major earthquakes in April 2015 resulting in great damage to the society. The objective of the current study is to describe the earthquake exposure, the impact on family's daily life and the symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and their association in Nepalese mothers 20 months following the earthquakes. Methods: In a clinical trial in Bhaktapur, Nepal, 558 mothers responded to an inventory on earthquake exposure and the Impact of Event Scale - Revised (IES-R) 20 months after the earthquakes. In multiple linear regression models, we estimated the associations between the earthquake exposure and the impact on the families' life and the IES-R score. Results: Over 60% reported that the earthquakes had a great deal of negative impact on their family's life. In 4.7%, close family members died, and in 10.5%, family members were injured. 24% had IES-R scores indicating PTSD symptoms within clinical concern or a possible diagnosis. Lower levels of education were associated with higher scores on the total IES-R. Mothers who report that the earthquakes had a great deal of negative impact had higher total IES-R scores [9.8, 95% CI (5.9, 13.6)] compared to mothers that reported no such negative impact. Mothers with family members who were killed had higher IES-R scores [3.6, 95% CI (1.6, 5.5)] than those with no family members who died. Mothers assisting in rescue efforts had lower IES-R scores [2.8, 95% CI (0.8, 4.8)] than those not assisting. Conclusion: Our study demonstrates high levels of exposure to traumatic events, large negative impact on the everyday life of the families, and a high level of PTSD symptoms. There was a consistent and graded association between the exposure variables and PTSD symptoms. The large impact of the earthquakes on these Nepalese mothers underscore the importance of awareness of mental disorders following major natural catastrophes for marginalized families. The study was funded by Thrasher Research Fund (Grant # 11512), Thrasher Early Career Award (Grant # 13988) and the GC Rieber Funds. The funders of the study had no role in the study design, data collection, data analysis, data interpretation, or writing of the report. The corresponding author had full access to all the data in the study and had final responsibility for the decision to submit for publication.

Due to the increased availability of high-frequency measurements of stream chemistry provided by in situ sensors, researchers have gained more access to relationships between stream discharge and constituent concentrations (C-Q relationships) at event-scales. Existing studies reveal that event-scale C-Q relationships are mostly non-linear and exhibit temporal lags between peaks (or troughs) of hydrographs and chemographs, resulting in apparent hysteresis effects. In this paper, we summarize and introduce tools and methods in hysteresis analysis, especially the history and progresses of metrics to quantify hysteresis patterns. In addition, this paper provides a typical workflow to conduct event-scale hysteresis analysis, such as how to obtain the access to high-frequency measurements, existing methods to delineate storm events, approaches to classify and quantify hysteresis patterns, possible features/properties controlling hysteresis patterns, statistical methods to identify features at play, and strategies to deliver the inferences from hysteresis analysis. Lastly, we discuss some potential limitations that arise in the workflow and possible future work to address the challenges, including the development of advanced quantitative hysteresis metrics, generalized and standardized tools to delineate events and the integration of hysteresis analysis with numerical modeling. This paper aims to provide a critical overview of technical approaches for hysteresis analysis for researchers and hopefully foster their interests to advance our understanding of complex mechanisms in event-scale hydro-biogeochemical processes.

Objectives This study aimed to determine the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the psychological, mental health and quality of life among Bangladeshi residents. Study design A purposive cross-sectional study of quality of life during the COVID-19 pandemic was performed. Methods Respondents completed a modified questionnaire that determined the Impact of Event Scale (IES), indicators of psychological distress impact, impact on government strategies, awareness and lifestyles, and impact on expectation of quality life change. A total of 465 (male = 330 and female = 135) respondents participated in this study. Results The overall mean age of respondents was 28.42 ± 7.07 years, and 63.4%, 44.1% and 50.3% were unmarried, were in the middle-income family group and had a masters or PhD qualification, respectively. The overall mean IES score of respondents was 80.89 ± 8.91, which reflects a stressful impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on physical and mental health problems. Only 27.75% of respondents had an IES score ≥75. More than half of respondents (57.8%) reported that they did not feel lonely and hopeless. In terms of preventative measures, the majority of the respondents (80.2%) reported that they did not wash their hands frequently with soap and sanitiser for at least 20 s to reduce spread of the virus. During the pandemic, more than half of the respondents (56.8%) claimed that they faced serious problems in education. Conclusions The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in significant mental and physical health problems.

IntroductionChildren with traumatic brain injury (TBI) are at risk for post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). The vast majority of TBI are of mild severity (MTBI), however, they may develop persistent neurophysiological symptoms.ObjectivesThe purpose of this study was to investigate the incidence of PTSD in children with MTBI in Western Greece.MethodsA one-year prospective study was conducted at the Children Hospital of Patras. A total of 175 children aged 6-14 years screened for risk of PTSD at one-week and one-month post-injury, completing the Child Trauma Screening Questionnaire (CTSQ). The Children’s Revised Impact of Event Scale (CRIES 13) was administered to the parents, to inquire their assessment of PTSD in the children. Statistical analysis was performed with IBM SPSS v.22.0ResultsThere were 59 (33.7%) children (27.2% boys, 45.9% girls) whose screen result was at risk. At the rescreening one-month postinjury, 9.9% were still at risk. Parents assessed presence of PTSD in 19% of their children at one-week and in 3.9% at one-month post-injury. There was a positive correlation between parenting and child reporting on symptoms of PTSD in children. However, 23.4% mistakenly estimated their children did not experience stress while in fact they did and 24.2% mistakenly estimated the contrary.ConclusionsThe findings revealed the risk of PTSD even in mild TBI, justifying thus the screening to identify these children for intervention strategies. On the other hand, the rescreening demonstrated that not all at-risk children required intervention, since a natural remission in PTSD symptoms was observed one-month post-injury.

IntroductionDue to the Covid 19 pandemic, the Tunisian government has taken several measures, which had a psychological impact on adults and children.ObjectivesStudying the initial impact of the Covid 19 pandemic on Tunisian parents and children.MethodsOne week after the proclamation of sanitary lockdown in Tunisia, parents were invited to answer voluntarily an anonymous questionnaire posted on social media. The stress level of the parent was measured by the Impact Event Scale Revised (IES-R).ResultsThis questionnaire was answered by 138 parents.88% of them were mothers. Changes in working arrangements were made by 87.2% of fathers and 79.8% of mothers. Only 1% of parents did not teach their children about hygienic rules. Parents had a child aged 12 or less in 91% and aged more than 12 in 41.4%. Behavioral changes were reported in 60% for children aged 12 or younger (Graphic 1) and in 20% for those older than 12 (Graphic 2) The IES-R mean score was 28.9 ±18.The severity of the impact was associated with the female sex (p=0.04).We found a positive correlation between the IES-R score and the symptomatology of children with p=0.001 and r=0.518 when the age was superior to 12 and with pConclusionsThe Covid pandemic in Tunisia affected both parents and children. Psychological intervention is essential to help them get out of this crisis with less damage.

During the COVID-19 pandemic, along with others in Italy, oncological patients had to put their life on hold, adjusting to the new restrictions and complying to the precautionary measures, some of which affected their participation in treatment programs and medical check-ups/health screening tests. The aim of this contribution is to investigate the extent to which the COVID-19 lockdown affected the above-mentioned participation in health screening tests and treatment programs, as well as to study the prodromal levels of PTSD in oncological patients in Italy during the lockdown. A survey consisting of Impact of Event Scale Revised (IES-R), items related to the diagnosis of patients and items regarding treatment and screening tests was shared across several channels. Five-hundred forty-four patients answered the survey. Compared to the screening tests, treatment programs were less affected by COVID-19 restrictions, only 5% of participants had the treatment postponed or interrupted, for the screening tests this number exceeded 30%. The results of linear regression analysis show that overall the level of distress that oncological patients suffered from represents the probable diagnosis of PTSD, with patients who had to stop their regular screening tests showing a higher level of distress compared to those who continued screening (β = 10.78, SE = 1.85, t = 5.84, p = 0.00). These results indicate the need to provide psychological support for oncological patients during future emergency management of catastrophic events such as a pandemic. Citation Format: Mariam Chichua, Eleonora Brivio, Serena Oliveri, Paolo Guiddi, Gabriella Pravettoni. PTSD and levels of general anxiety in Italian oncological patients during the COVID-19 pandemic [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Virtual Meeting: COVID-19 and Cancer; 2021 Feb 3-5. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Clin Cancer Res 2021;27(6_Suppl):Abstract nr P40.