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Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is characterized by chronic abdominal pain and altered bowel habits. A high prevalence has been reported in medical students around the globe. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of IBS and associated risk factors in medical students in Puerto Rico (PR).A cross sectional study was conducted in a sample of medical students from first to fourth year currently enrolled at the University of PR School of Medicine. Participants completed a self-administered, anonymous questionnaire that contained questions about general socio-demographic data, lifestyle habits, degree of subjective psychological stress and the Rome III criteria: IBS Module.314 medical students were included for analysis. The mean age was 24.8±3.25; 48.1% were females. The prevalence of IBS was 36.3%. Among the IBS subjects, 78 (24.8%) were classified as IBS mixed. Family history of IBS and psychological stress were significantly associated to IBS (p0.05), whereas cigarette smoking was found to be protective for IBS (OR = 0.26 + .17, P=.04).This is the first study to describe the prevalence of IBS in medical students in PR. A higher prevalence of IBS was found as compared to that reported for medical students in other countries. Additional studies aimed at estimating the impact of IBS on quality of life and academic performance of the medical students are essential.

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic inflammatory disease of the gut. Genetic association studies have identified the highly variable human leukocyte antigen (HLA) region as the strongest susceptibility locus for IBD and specifically DRB1*01:03 as a determining factor for ulcerative colitis (UC). However, for most of the association signal such as delineation could not be made because of tight structures of linkage disequilibrium within the HLA. The aim of this study was therefore to further characterize the HLA signal using a transethnic approach. We performed a comprehensive fine mapping of single HLA alleles in UC in a cohort of 9272 individuals with African American, East Asian, Puerto Rican, Indian and Iranian descent and 40 691 previously analyzed Caucasians, additionally analyzing whole HLA haplotypes. We computationally characterized the binding of associated HLA alleles to human self-peptides and analyzed the physicochemical properties of the HLA proteins and predicted self-peptidomes. Highlighting alleles of the HLA-DRB1*15 group and their correlated HLA-DQ-DR haplotypes, we not only identified consistent associations (regarding effects directions/magnitudes) across different ethnicities but also identified population-specific signals (regarding differences in allele frequencies). We observed that DRB1*01:03 is mostly present in individuals of Western European descent and hardly present in non-Caucasian individuals. We found peptides predicted to bind to risk HLA alleles to be rich in positively charged amino acids. We conclude that the HLA plays an important role for UC susceptibility across different ethnicities. This research further implicates specific features of peptides that are predicted to bind risk and protective HLA proteins.

Background Inflammatory Bowel Diseases (IBD) impact vocational, educational, and psychosocial aspects of a patient’s life and may cause patients to miss work or school or underperform. This study describes loss of productivity in Hispanics with IBD in the workplace and educational settings, along with the patient’s perception. Methods Patients with IBD attending a tertiary care clinic were given a self-administered survey related to loss of productivity in employment and education. The questionnaire acquired qualitative and quantitative data about the patients’ past and present work and educational settings. Productivity was determined by the number of absences or early leaves from school or work due to disease manifestations. The patient’s perception regarding psychological aspects of their condition was assessed. Descriptive statistics were used for sociodemographic data, perceptions regarding their condition, and clinical history as captured by the questionnaire. This study is approved by the MSC IRB. Results 100 patients (M/F: 50/50, CD/UC: 72/28, age range: 18–61, mean age: 29.78 ± 9.81) participated. 45 participants were working, 16 were studying, and 25 were working and studying. 89% of those working had to leave early or miss work due to disease manifestations and, among those, 51% had more than two absences in a given month. During their school years, 100% had absences or had to leave class early because of the disease. 61% said that their condition has a negative effect in their daily lives. Furthermore, 61% perceived their disease affects moderately to severely their daily life. However, 61% expressed that their disease has minimal or no effect on their self-esteem, 75% denoted that their disease does not impact their familial relationships and 74% indicated that they manage their disease with a positive mindset. There was no significant association between sex (p=0.71) or diagnosis (p=0.31) and perception of disease severity. Conclusion Work and study absences due to IBD manifestations were frequently reported in the study, translating into decreased productivity. Perception of disease severity was independent of diagnosis and sex. A majority perceived that IBD affected daily life moderately to severely. Strategies to improve work and study conditions may result in improved productivity.

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) negatively impacts quality of life-related issues including intimacy, body image, and sexual activity. Sexual dysfunction in patients with IBD is often unrecognized. In this study, we aimed to describe sexual function in Puerto Rican women with IBD.We conducted a cross-sectional study of women with IBD at the University of Puerto Rico Center for IBD. Patients were invited to anonymously complete the validated Spanish version of the Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI) questionnaire. On this 36-point scale, a score of 26.55 or less is defined as sexual dysfunction. Data were analyzed by diagnosis, presence of an ostomy, and age, using descriptive statistics, ANOVA, Student's t test, and logistic regression.One hundred women completed the FSFI questionnaire, with subjects having Crohn's disease (CD) outnumbering those having ulcerative colitis (UC) 2:1. The mean sexual function score was 21.92 (95% CI: 20.08-23.76). No statistical difference was observed in total FSFI scores between subjects with CD and UC (p = 0.084) and those with an ostomy (p = 0.891). Sexual function decreased with age (p = 0.001). The domains of excitation, lubrication, orgasm, and satisfaction were the most negatively affected (p0.05) by increasing age. Multivariate analysis confirmed the effect of age on excitation, lubrication, orgasm, and pain.Our study showed sexual dysfunction to be present in this sample of Puerto Rican Hispanic women with IBD. Physicians treating patients with IBD need to be aware of these findings to explore the concerns of individuals with this disease and develop strategies to address those concerns.

Se presenta un estudio realizado en la Universidad de Valladolid con alumnado del Grado en Educación Infantil, que tiene como objetivo analizar los niveles de empatía histórica, tanto en su dimensión cognitiva como en la afectivo-emocional, a partir del trabajo con fuentes orales. Se diseña un modelo de investigación que, desde un paradigma metodológico cualitativo, y utilizando el software ATLAS.ti, se centra en el análisis de narrativas de estudiantes elaboradas en un ejercicio de empatía histórica, planteado a partir del trabajo con testimonios de dos emigrantes canarias que pasaron algunos años de su infancia y adolescencia en el Sáhara Español. Los resultados ponen de manifiesto que el trabajo del alumnado con fuentes orales optimiza explicaciones contextualizadas por empatía histórica This paper presents a study carried out at the University of Valladolid (Spain) with students enrolled in the Early Childhood Education Bachelor’s Degree. Historical empathy levels are examined, both in their cognitive and affective-emotional dimensions, in connection with the use of oral sources. A research model based on the qualitative methodological paradigm has been designed, and the ATLAS.ti software has been used to analyze narratives created by students after an intervention in order to foster historical empathy. The intervention focused on the examination of testimonies provided by two Canarian emigrants who spent a few years of their childhood and adolescence in the Spanish Sahara. The results show that the students' work with oral sources can optimize contextualized explanations mediated by historical empathy

Producción Científica, El presente trabajo es parte del proyecto “Gamificación en la formación de los futuros profesores del área de Ciencias Sociales”, desarrollado en el marco de la convocatoria 2018 de los Proyectos de Innovación Docente (PID) y, que con carácter competitivo, convoca la Universidad de Valladolid. En el marco de esta investigación, se presenta el diseño, aplicación y evaluación de un escape room que, tomando como eje articulador del juego la biografía de Don Juan de Austria, trabaja acontecimientos sociales y políticos, tanto nacionales como europeos del siglo XVI. La intervención se ha realizado con alumnado del Máster en Profesor de Educación Secundaria de la especialidad de Geografía e Historia. Nuestro objetivo es hacer consciente al profesorado en formación de las formas alternativas de trabajar de forma lúdica y cooperativa la época de Felipe II en el aula. Para ello, se pone en valor el método del historiador y se abordan conceptos fundamentales para el desarrollo de la comprensión histórica, como el uso de fuentes. A través del aprendizaje vivencial, se pretende que el profesorado en formación pueda experimentar y reflexionar sobre este recurso didáctico, así como incorporarlo en su futura actividad docente. [Texto extraído del artículo de María Mercedes de la Calle Carracedo].

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic inflammatory disease of the gut. Genetic association studies have identified the highly variable human leukocyte antigen (HLA) region as the strongest susceptibility locus for IBD, and specifically DRB1*01:03 as a determining factor for ulcerative colitis (UC). However, for most of the association signal such a delineation could not be made due to tight structures of linkage disequilibrium within the HLA. The aim of this study was therefore to further characterize the HLA signal using a trans-ethnic approach. We performed a comprehensive fine mapping of single HLA alleles in UC in a cohort of 9,272 individuals with African American, East Asian, Puerto Rican, Indian and Iranian descent and 40,691 previously analyzed Caucasians, additionally analyzing whole HLA haplotypes. We computationally characterized the binding of associated HLA alleles to human self-peptides and analysed the physico-chemical properties of the HLA proteins and predicted self-peptidomes. Highlighting alleles of the HLA-DRB1*15 group and their correlated HLA-DQ-DR haplotypes, we identified consistent associations across different ethnicities but also identified population-specific signals. We observed that DRB1*01:03 is mostly present in individuals of Western European descent and hardly present in non-Caucasian individuals. We found peptides predicted to bind to risk HLA alleles to be rich in positively charged amino acids such. We conclude that the HLA plays an important role for UC susceptibility across different ethnicities. This research further implicates specific features of peptides that are predicted to bind risk and protective HLA proteins.

Clickable magnetic nanoparticles have attracted great attention as potential nanoplatforms for biomedical applications because of the high functionalization efficiency of their surfaces with biomolecules, which facilitates their bio-compatibilization. However, the design and synthesis of clickable NPs is still challenging because of the complexity of the chemistry on the magnetic NP surface, thus robust methods that improve the ligand synthesis and the transfer of magnetic NPs in physiological media being in high-demand. In this work, we developed a versatile and enhanced synthetic route to fabricate potentially clickable IONPs of interest in nanomedicine. Catechol anchor ligands with different stereo-electronic features were synthetized from a hetero bi-functional PEG spacer backbone. The resulting catechol ligands transferred in good yields and high stability to magnetic NPs by an improved energetic ligand exchange method that combines sonication and high temperature. The azido functionalized IONPs exhibited excellent characteristics as T2 MRI contrast agents with low cytotoxicity, making these clickable magnetic NPs promising precursors for nanomedicines. Yes

Introduction: family care has a fundamental weight within the structure of care and care for dependency in Spain. Literature refers to its performance implies the appearance of negative consequences for the health and social development of the person who exercises it. Specific complications aimed at offering attention and support, usually modify these negative aspects; However, it is recommended to carry out an analysis of the characteristics of the care population, which facilitates its design and guarantees its effective implementation. Objective: to identify the sociodemographic and characteristic profile of family caregivers, users of the primary care system of the city of Castelló. Methods: non-experimental, descriptive and cross-sectional research, conducted in the Department of Health of Castelló, on family caregivers. Sociodemographic data and related problems (overload, back pain, social support and health-related quality of life) were collected. Results: sociodemographic profile in mostly female, middleaged, married and primary caregivers. They have overload, mid-level back pain (poor functional social support), poor social support and health-related quality of life related mainly to anxiety and pain. Conclusions: high rates of overload and back pain, poor social support and impaired quality of life related to emotional problems and presence of pain are observed. These findings are similar to those found in comparable groups, and that undoubtedly justify any intervention that can improve the conditions of this group. Introducción: el cuidado familiar cuenta con un peso fundamental dentro de la estructura de atención y cuidados a la dependencia en España. La literatura refiere que su desempeño supone la aparición de numerosas consecuencias negativas para la salud y desarrollo social de quien lo ejerce. Las intervenciones específicas dirigidas a ofrecer atención y apoyo, suelen modificar estos aspectos negativos; sin embargo se recomienda realizar un análisis de las características de la población cuidadora, que facilite su diseño y garantice su efectiva implementación. Objetivo: identificar el perfil sociodemográfico y característico de los cuidadores familiares, usuarios del sistema de atención primaria de la ciudad de Castelló. Métodos: investigación no experimental, de tipo descriptivo y transversal, realizado en el Departamento de Salud de Castelló, sobre cuidadores familiares. Se recogieron datos sociodemográficos y problemas relacionados (sobrecarga, dolor de espalda, apoyo social y calidad de vida relacionada con la salud). Resultados: perfil sociodemográfico en los cuidadores mayoritariamente femenino, de edad media, casadas y con estudios primarios. Presentan sobrecarga, dolor de espalda de nivel medio (con relevante limitación funcional), escaso apoyo social y afectación de la calidad de vida relacionada con la salud principalmente vinculada a la ansiedad y dolor. Conclusiones: se observan altos índices de sobrecarga y dolor de espalda, escaso apoyo social y afectación de la calidad de vida relacionada con problemas emocionales y presencia de dolor. Estos hallazgos son semejantes a los encontrados en grupos comparables, y que justifican, sin duda, toda intervención que pueda mejorar las condiciones de este colectivo.

The aim of the present study was to describe the epidemiological and clinical characteristics of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), including medical and surgical treatments, in several countries in Latin America and the Caribbean. IBD is recognized as a global health problem because its incidence and prevalence have increased significantly over the last few years. This multicenter retrospective cohort study included 4714 patients with IBD diagnosed from 9 countries in Latin America and the Caribbean: Colombia, Cuba, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Mexico, Peru, Puerto Rico, Uruguay, and Venezuela. Crohn disease (CD) was more frequent in Puerto Rico (71.9%), the Dominican Republic (61.0%), and Peru (53.1%). Ulcerative colitis was more frequent in Colombia (78.6%), Venezuela (78.2%), Mexico (75.5%), Cuba (69.9%), Ecuador (64.1%), and Uruguay (60.9%). The following clinical characteristics were more frequent in the Caribbean: penetrating behavior in CD, steroid dependence, steroid resistance, intolerance to thiopurines, extraintestinal manifestations, surgeries, hospitalizations due to IBD, and family history of IBD. The factors associated with the use of biological therapy were pancolitis in ulcerative colitis, penetrating behavior in CD, steroid resistance and dependence, presence of extraintestinal manifestations, and the need for surgery. This study from Latin America and the Caribbean demonstrated the different epidemiological and clinical characteristics of IBD.

Background The incidence and prevalence of elderly-onset Inflammatory Bowel Disease (EO-IBD), defined as diagnosed >60 y/o, is increasing. The natural history of this cohort is unclear. Disease behavior in elderly patients may differ between adult onset IBD (AO-IBD) and EO-IBD. Comorbidities, age-related frailty and side effects of medications are challenges. We compare a cohort of Hispanic EO-IBD and elderly AO-IBD patients in the IBD Registry, a database collecting demographic and medical data of patients since 1995. Methods Of 1345 subjects,122 were ≥60 y/o at recruitment, including AO and EO subjects. Variables included age at diagnosis, gender, IBD type, family history of ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn’s disease (CD), disease extent, extraintestinal manifestations (EIM), surgery, and medications. Descriptive statistics were calculated for interval and ratio variables. Frequencies and percentages were calculated for nominal variables cross-tabulated by age of diagnosis. The study is approved by the IRB. Results Of the 122 subjects, 59 (48.4%) had AO-IBD and 63 (51.6%) EO-IBD. Mean age of diagnosis was 49.6 y/o for the AO group and 66.4 y/o for the EO group, disease duration was 15.37 yr for AO and 3.73 yr for EO (P Conclusion Baseline characteristics, disease location and behavior were similar in AO and EO IBD groups. Use of corticosteroids, biologics and surgery were less frequent in the EO-IBD group (not significant). Whether these findings are related to a shorter disease duration, less severe disease or a more conservative management dictated by age and co-morbidities needs to be explored. Selecting the appropriate treatment option for elderly individuals is an important clinical issue.

Background Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) in Hispanics has increased, but characterization of this population is limited. We describe the demographic and clinical characteristics of a large Hispanic population with IBD and compare it among two periods, 1995- 2009 and 2010–2019. Methods The Registry of IBD has been recruiting patients with IBD continuously since 1995. Data is obtained from the subject and the medical record. This study includes 1365 Hispanics recruited between 1995 and 2019. Variables include age, gender, age at onset and diagnosis, IBD type, family history, smoking, extraintestinal manifestations (EIM), medications, and surgery for IBD. Descriptive statistics included frequency, median, mean, and standard deviation. SPSS software was used for comparison analysis utilizing Chi square and Fisher′s test. The protocol is approved by the IRB. Results 712 were males and 653 females. Crohn’s disease (CD) was more prevalent in males (479/836, 57.3%) and ulcerative colitis (UC) in females (288/517, 55.7%). The mean age at diagnosis was 34.1 + 15.4 for UC and 24.4 + 12 for CD (p Stratification of subjects into two groups by date of recruitment,1995–2009 and 2010–2019, showed similar ages at onset and diagnosis, but the time to diagnosis decreased for UC (2 vs 1.55 yrs.) and increased for CD (2.2 vs 2.6 yrs.) in the later interval. Medications varied between decades, with aTNF increasing markedly in CD and UC (p Conclusion We describe a large cohort of Hispanics with IBD studied over two decades. Differences over time may reflect changes in disease phenotypes, environmental influences and the impact of physician awareness and new management guidelines and therapies. Further studies are needed to better characterize this population and explore outcomes.

13 páginas Objetivo: evaluar la validez y la fiabilidad de la versión española del instrumento Expectativas y conocimiento recibido del paciente hospitalizado (ECPH/CRPH) en pacientes con osteoartritis intervenidos de artroplastia total de rodilla. Material y métodos: El proceso de validación siguió las recomendaciones internacionales: validez de contenido, validez de constructo, validez de criterio y fiabilidad. Un total de 248 pacientes que debían intervenirse de artroplastia total de rodilla en 5 hospitales públicos españoles contestaron la ECPH antes de ser hospitalizados y 220 pacientes contestaron el CRPH al darles el alta hospitalaria. Resultados: el análisis factorial confirmó las dimensiones de la escala original para el conocimiento recibido pero no en la escala para las expectativas. La correlación de las dimensiones de la ECPH con la Escala de Opinión de la Salud de Krantz (KHOS) y la correlación de las dimensiones de la CRPH con la Escala de Acceso a la Información (AKS) indicaron la validez de criterio mostrando unas relaciones positivas. Los resultados señalaron buena fiabilidad con valores de alfa Cronbach elevados. Conclusión: el proceso de validación indica que la versión española del ECPH/CRPH es un instrumento válido y fiable para medir las expectativas y el conocimiento recibido en pacientes quirúrgicos en el contexto español. Objective: The objective of the study was to assess the validity and reliability of the Spanish version of Expectations and Received Knowledge in the Hospitalized Patient (ECPH / CRPH), specifically among patients with osteoarthritis who are undergoing total knee arthroplasty. Material and methods: The validation process followed international recommendations in terms of content validity, construct validity, criterion validity and reliability. A total of 248 patients who were about to undergo total knee arthroplasty at five (5) Spanish public hospitals answered the ECPH before being hospitalized and 220 patients answered the CRPH when they were discharged. Results: Factor analysis confirmed the dimensions of the original scale for the knowledge received, but not with respect to the scale for expectations. The correlation of the ECPH dimensions with the Krantz Health Opinion Scale (KHOS) and the correlation of the CRPH dimensions with the Information Access Scale (AKS) indicated criterion validity, showing positive relationships. The results suggested good reliability with high Cronbach alpha values. Conclusion: The validation process showed the Spanish version of ECPH / CRPH is a valid and reliable instrument to measure the expectations and knowledge received in surgical patients in the Spanish context.

Background Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is currently recognised as a global health problem, since its incidence and prevalence have increased significantly worldwide in recent years. Studies in Latin America are only limited to reporting incidence and prevalence, so our main objective is to report the clinical and epidemiological characteristics of IBD in Latin American and Caribbean countries. Methods This is a multicentre cohort study in which 8 Latin American and Caribbean countries were included: Colombia, Cuba, Mexico, Peru, Puerto Rico, Dominican Republic, Uruguay and Venezuela during the period from August 2017 to October 2019. Two study groups were conducted by geographic region due to their ethnicity, Group 1) Caribbean: Cuba, Puerto Rico and Dominican Republic, Group 2) Latin America: Colombia, Mexico, Venezuela and Peru. Statistical analysis was performed with the statistical programme SPSS v.24. A value of p Results This study included a total of 4216 IBD patients from 8 countries. The CD was more frequent than UC in the following countries: Puerto Rico with 68.5%, Dominican Republic 56.3% and Peru with 53.1%, while in the rest of the countries the frequency of UC predominated, in Colombia by 79.2%, Venezuela in 78.4%, Cuba in 69.9% and Mexico in 75.8%. The Caribbean countries had a significantly higher frequency in the fistulising phenotype in CD with 65.1% (p = 0.0001), steroid dependence in 11.51% (pp = 0.002), steroid resistance in 28.5% (pp = 0.0001), thiopurine intolerance in 1.40% (p = 0.0002), extraintestinal manifestations in 55.91% (p = 0.0001), IBD surgeries in 32.10% (p = 0.0001) and family history of IBD reported a frequency of 15.60% (p = 0.0001). For Latin America, the frequency of pancolitis was more frequent in 48.21% (p = 0001) in patients with UC. The factors associated with the use of biological therapy were: fistulising phenotype in CD, steroid resistance, thiopurine intolerance, presence of extraintestinal manifestations and IBD-related surgeries. There is an increased frequency in the diagnosis of IBD in the last two decades (2000–2019), being 7.5 times for UC and 12.5 times for CD as show in Figure 1. Conclusion This is the first large and multicentre study in Latin America and the Caribbean which showed significant increase in the diagnosis of IBD in the last two decades as well as the differences in clinical and epidemiological characteristics between both regions.

In this study, we assessed the Kidney Donor Risk Index (KDRI) in Puerto Rican deceased kidney donors whose donations took place from 2009 to 2011 and evaluated short-term graft survival in the recipients of those kidneys. The results highlight differences between the distributions of KDRI values in the populations of the 48 contiguous states of the United States, Alaska, and Hawaii and that of Puerto Rico. Additionally, we evaluated the impacts of polyomavirus (BKV) infection and anti-donor HLA antibodies on the recipients.Of the 377 kidneys obtained from deceased donors by LifeLink of Puerto Rico from 2009 to 2011, 187 were transplanted in Puerto Rico. Data was collected from the deceased donors of these 187 kidneys for calculating KDRI, as well as from the transplant recipients. KDRI values of the donors were calculated using the same formula as previously reported for the United States; death-censored graft survival, incidence of antibody-mediated rejection, and prevalence of polyoma virus infection (BKV) were examined in the recipients.The mean KDRI value was 1.19. However, the distribution of KDRI values in the Puerto Rican population deviates substantially from that of the United States (not including Puerto Rico). A 1-peak distribution pattern describes Puerto Rican KDRI values. Graft survival for the study period was 89.6%. The prevalence of BKV was 16.9%. Of the patients studied, 6.25% developed overt nephropathy, 46.2% developed de novo post-transplant donor-specific alloantibodies, and 19.5% had pre-existing alloantibodies.Our study evidences the role of various characteristics in the distribution of KDRI values in the Puerto Rican population, suggesting that the identification of variables specific to a geographically distinct group may result in better donor categorization for predicting transplant outcomes. In addition, our graft-survival results, despite the elevated rates of BKV and anti-donor antibodies, highlight the increasing need to monitor the presence of antibodies in a prospective and an anticipatory manner to identify and manage patients at risk for antibodymediated rejection.

Objective: To know the socio-demographic characteristics of the elderly adults (60-70 years), of the population of Mataró (Barcelona), and their relationship with the knowledge degree and training needs perceived to face a healthy aging. Materials and methods: Descriptive observational cross-sectional study in which a sample of 306 people was analysed. Socio-demographic data and variables related to leisure activities, health status, training, formative needs and predisposition to take a course on aging were evaluated. Results: About a 60 % of the respondents showed interest in receiving training about; healthy habits (59,1 %), proper diet (62,0 %), work out (59,6 %), future limitations (62,6 %), why we grow old (61,0 %), frequent illnesses in the elderly (62,5 %), use of medication (66,1 %), use of the health system (61,9 %), social resources (70,0 %), new technologies (64,0 %), care of sick people (60,5 %), and security aspects (61,6 %). Conclusions: There is a need to receive training among the elderly adult population in order to cope with aging in a healthier way. The main needs perceived by the elderly are: Healthy habits, possible future limitations due to the aging process, use of medication, functioning of the health system and access to social resources, new technologies and, finally, caring for sick relatives. RESUMEN Objetivo: conocer las características sociodemográficas de las personas adultas mayores (60-70 años) de la población de Mataró (Barcelona) y su relación con el grado de conocimientos y las necesidades formativas percibidas para afrontar un envejecimiento saludable. Materiales y método: estudio observacional descriptivo transversal en una muestra de 306 personas. Se valoraron datos sociodemográficos y variables relacionadas con el tiempo libre, el estado de salud, la formación, los intereses formativos y la predisposición a realizar un curso sobre envejecimiento. Resultados: el 60 % de los encuestados mostró interés en recibir formación sobre hábitos saludables (59,1 %), dieta adecuada (62,0 %), ejercicio físico (59,6 %), limitaciones futuras (62,6 %), por qué envejecemos (61,0 %), enfermedades frecuentes en la tercera edad (62,5 %), uso de medicamentos (66,1 %), uso del sistema sanitario (61,9 %), recursos sociales (70,0 %), nuevas tecnologías (64,0 %), cuidado de las personas enfermas (60,5 %) y aspectos de seguridad (61,6 %). Conclusiones: existe la necesidad de recibir formación, entre la población adulta mayor, para afrontar el envejecimiento saludablemente. Así, es preciso tener un conocimiento amplio sobre las posibles limitaciones causadas por el envejecimiento, el uso de medicamentos, el funcionamiento del sistema sanitario, el acceso a los recursos sociales, las nuevas tecnologías, el cuidado de los familiares enfermos y hábitos de vida saludables. RESUMO Objetivo: conhecer as características sociodemográficas das pessoas idosas (60-70 anos) da população de Mataró (Barcelona) e sua relação com o grau de conhecimentos e com as necessidades formativas percebidas para encarar um envelhecimento saudável. Materiais e método: estudo observacional descritivo transversal com uma amostra de 306 pessoas. Dados sociodemográficos e variáveis relacionadas com o tempo livre, o estado de saúde, a formação, os interesses formativos e a predisposição a fazer um curso sobre envelhecimento foram avaliados. Resultados: 60 % dos entrevistados demostrou interesse em receber formação sobre hábitos saudáveis (59,1 %), dieta adequada (62 %), exercício físico (59,6 %), limitações futuras (62,6 %), motivos do envelhecimento (61 %), doenças frequentes na terceira idade (62,5 %), uso de medicamentos (66,1 %), uso do sistema sanitário (61,9 %), recursos sociais (70 %), novas tecnologias (64 %), cuidado de pessoas doentes (60,5 %) e aspectos de segurança (61,6 %). Conclusões: entre a população idosa, existe a necessidade de receber formação para encarar o envelhecimento saudável. Assim, é preciso ter um conhecimento amplo sobre as possíveis limitações causadas pelo envelhecimento, pelo uso de medicamentos, pelo funcionamento do sistema sanitário, pelo acesso aos recursos sociais, pelas novas tecnologias, pelo cuidado dos familiares doentes e pelos hábitos de vida saudáve.

Producción Científica, La condición de pasado vivo de la Historia reciente, en la que están presentes memorias enfrentadas, confiere un extraordinario valor formativo a los procesos históricos más próximos, como la Transición española a la democracia. No obstante, estudios previos en España evidencian que los profesores no suelen conceder demasiado tiempo ni atención a esta parcela de la Historia. De ahí el interés del presente estudio, cuyo objetivo consiste en analizar las teorías implícitas de los adolescentes acerca del establecimiento de la democracia en España, al finalizar la educación obligatoria. Para ello se ha diseñado una investigación de carácter mixto cuali-cuantitativo, interrogando a 913 estudiantes de ocho ciudades españolas a través de un cuestionario de preguntas abiertas y cerradas, donde el alumnado tuvo que seleccionar una opción de entre varias y, a continuación, justificar o explicar su elección. Los datos han sido procesados cuantitativamente con el software SPSS, y cualitativamente con ATLAS.ti. Los resultados demuestran que los jóvenes entienden la necesidad de un periodo de tiempo para adecuar las estructuras políticas al nuevo sistema democrático a través de la negociación entre fuerzas políticas, con el objetivo de llegar a pactos y acuerdos, aunque no siempre apliquen estas ideas al contexto actual. Llama la atención que una parte importante de ellos perciban el proceso como violento, una idea alejada de la visión historiográfica mayoritariamente presente en los libros de texto, que interpreta la Transición como un periodo histórico modélico, exportable a otros contextos., The condition of recent history as a living past, where conflicting memories are present, confers an extraordinary value to the more recent historical events, such as the Spanish transition to democracy. However, studies carried out in Spain evidence that teachers do not usually spend too much time or attention to this historical period. Hence, the interest of this study, whose aim is to analyze the adolescents’ implicit theories regarding the institution of democracy in Spain, after finishing compulsory education. To this end, a mixed qualitative-quantitative research design has been used, interrogating 913 students from eight different Spanish cities by making use of a questionnaire of open and close-ended questions, where they had to select one of several options and then justify or explain their choice. The information has been quantitatively processed and examined with the SPSS software, and qualitatively analyzed with ATLAS.ti. Results show that adolescents understand the need for a time period to adapt political structures to the new democratic system through negotiation between political forces, with the objective of achieving an agreement, although they do not always apply these ideas to the current context. It is striking that a significant part of them perceive it as a convulsive process, an idea that contrasts with the historiographic vision that is predominant in textbooks, and that interprets the Transition as an exemplary historical period, exportable to other contexts., Ministerio de Economía, Industria y Competitividad (projects EDU2009-09775 and EDU2013-43782-P)

Correction for ‘Clickable iron oxide NPs based on catechol derived ligands: synthesis and characterization’ by Esther Pozo-Torres et al., Soft Matter, 2020, 16, 3257–3266, DOI: 10.1039/C9SM02512J.

El contexto sociocultural actual demanda el desarrollo de la competencia digital docente, donde la piedra angular es el docente para la impostergable implementación de metodologías activas en el uso Tecnologías de la Información y Comunicación (TIC); donde la formación continua del profesorado es un compromiso ineludible.

Women with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) may be at increased risk of human papilloma virus (HPV) infection and HPV-related malignancies, as many are immunocompromised secondary to the use of immunosuppressant agents. Several studies have addressed the knowledge about cervical cancer risk factors in different populations, particularly HPV infection and its association with cervical malignancies; most of these studies show poor patient knowledge. The purpose of this study is to describe the knowledge of females with IBD about HPV infection and the HPV vaccine. We performed a cross-sectional study in 147 consecutive patients attending the clinics of the University of Puerto Rico Center for IBD from 2009 to 2010. An interviewer-administered questionnaire was used to collect information on demographics, lifestyles, and HPV-related knowledge of participants. Bivariate analysis using the chi-square statistics and Fisher’s exact test was used to examine factors associated with HPV awareness. The mean age of participants was 36.6 years (SD = 13.91 years). Three fourth (77 %) of women had awareness of the existence of HPV, and 58 % did know about the existence of HPV vaccines. Among those who had heard about HPV, 79.6 % knew that HPV can cause cervical cancer, and 57.5 % knew that the virus is sexually transmitted. Among those who knew of the vaccine, 75.3 % learned about its existence through the media, while only 15.3 %, through their health-care provider. Only three women within recommended ages (2 %) had been vaccinated against HPV, although 50 % of participants indicated that they would definitely/probably vaccinate against HPV in the future. A significant trend was observed, where more educated women were more likely to have heard of HPV (p for trend = 0.0017). Women who were high school graduates/some college (OR = 6.63, 95 % CI = 1.71–25.66) and those with at least an associate degree (OR = 11.69, 95 % CI = 3.05–45.89) were more likely to be aware of the HPV vaccine than women without a high school degree. Our study documents poor knowledge of HPV and HPV vaccine in this population of IBD patients in Puerto Rico. Although vaccination coverage is low in this population, women are receptive to the possibility of vaccination in the future. Given that this population may be at an increased risk of HPV infection and related morbidities, education and vaccination programs should be promoted among them.

espanolObjetivo: describir las caracteristicas de los pacientes con demencias y la calidad del cuidado (CDC) recibida tanto en aquellos sujetos que vivian en casa como en los que estaban institucionalizados, y evaluar las diferencias entre ambos entornos. Metodo: se realizo un estudio transversal analitico en el cual se incluyeron pacientes con demencia que vivian en casa o estaban institucionalizados. Se recogieron datos sociodemograficos, clinicos y relacionados con la demencia. La CDC se analizo mediante el cuestionario CLINT y se identificaron otras variables indicativas de la misma. Las variables recopiladas se compararon en funcion de los dos entornos de convivencia. Resultados: se incluyeron 287 pacientes con demencia. El 39,4% institucionalizados y el 60,6% vivia en el domicilio. Los sujetos presentaban una media de edad (desviacion tipica) de 83,2 (7,1) anos. El principal tipo de demencia fue el alzheimer, que representaba el 71%. Los pacientes institucionalizados presentaban peor estado cognitivo (12,2 frente a 16,1; p= 0,001) y funcional (1,1 frente a 3,1; p= 0,001) que los pacientes con demencia que vivian en el domicilio familiar. La CDC fue similar en ambos grupos, pero los sujetos institucionalizados presentaban mayor porcentaje de ulceras y caidas, mas medidas de contencion y mayor soporte del sistema sanitario, en general. Conclusiones: el cuidado de la demencia es complejo y la calidad del cuidado de estos pacientes sigue siendo baja tanto en el ambito de las medidas fisicas generales como las basadas en el soporte del sistema sanitario, tanto a enfermos como cuidadores informales. EnglishObjective: to describe the characteristics of patients with dementia and the quality of care (QoC) received by patients living at home and by those institutionalized, and to evaluate the differences between both settings. Methods: an analytical cross-sectional study was conducted, including patients with dementia living at home or institutionalized. Sociodemographical and clinical data were collected, as well as data associated with dementia. QoC was analyzed through the CLINT questionnaire, and other variables of reference were identified. There was a comparison of the variables collected, based on the two living settings. Results: the study included 287 patients with dementia: 39.4% were institutionalized and 60.6% lived at home. The subjects were 83.2-year-old (7.1) as mean age (standard deviation). The main type of dementia was Alzheimer, representing 71% of cases. Institutionalized patients presented worse cognitive (12.2 vs. 16.1; p= 0.001) and functional status (1.1 vs. 3.1; p= 0.001) than patients with dementia living in the family home. QoC was similar in both groups, but institutionalized subjects presented in general a higher proportion of ulcers and falls, more containment measures, and higher support by the healthcare system. Conclusions: care for dementia is complex, and the quality of care for these patients is still low, both in the setting of general physical measures and regarding the support by the healthcare system for nurses and casual caregivers.

El artículo expone los resultados de un estudio sobre la situación actual del profesorado del área de Didáctica de las Ciencias Sociales en las Universidades españolas. A partir de los datos obtenidos a través de cuestionarios, individuales y colectivos, dirigidos al profesorado que, durante el curso 2014-2015, impartía docencia en esta área, y utilizando además los resultados obtenidos en otros estudios anteriores (Aguirre, 1988; Liceras, 2004) así como los datos publicados por el Ministerio de Educación y las propias Universidades, este estudio revela que, si bien es evidente el importante crecimiento que ha experimentado el área en aspectos como el número de docentes que la integran, la cualificación de éstos o las líneas de investigación desarrolladas, ese crecimiento ha ido acompañado de una progresiva precariedad laboral que, segúnconcluyen las autoras, podría estar repercutiendo negativamente en la calidad de su actividad investigadora, y explicaría, al menos en parte, las dificultades que está teniendo para alcanzar su plena madurez científica. Recordando los orígenes del área, y el papel que la Asociación Universitaria del Profesorado de Didáctica de las Ciencias Sociales ha tenido en su evolución y en los muchos logros conseguidos, el área tiene ahora que afrontar nuevos retos que afectan tanto a la docencia como a la investigación, y que pasan por exigir una mayor estabilidad laboral para este profesorado, así como una revisión de los criterios establecidos para su acreditación, más acordes a la realidad y más justos con su especificidad: la Didáctica de las Ciencias Sociales.

Background: Violence against women (VAW) is a central issue in gender studies and one that has united feminist activists from around the world. But this does not mean that this struggle is singular: indeed, one can say that there are many, diverse and sometimes even contradictory struggles occurring throughout the world. Objectives: To identify and analyze the different struggles faced by women from Roma organizations in Spain in relation to VAW and their work with affected women. Methods: Twelve semi-structured interviews were conducted among women actively involved in Roma associations in different Spanish cities, in 2015. An inductive thematic analysis was used to analyze the empirical materials. Results: Our analysis resulted in three themes that captured different struggles that women from Roma organizations have faced: ‘between persistence and rupture of restrictive gender norms’, ‘invisibility and normalization of violence against women’ and ‘willingness and trust in daily work with women’. The activities related to VAW carried out by the interviewed women were more related to their personal initiatives and abilities than to strategies proposed by the organizations they work for. Conclusions: The results show the need to support the initiatives of Romani women and their own struggles related to identity. This is what makes them true promoters of social change and, more specifically, change related to gender relations both within and outside of their communities. The material and analysis of this study are part of a larger research project titled ‘Violence against women and the responses of primary health professionals in Spain’, financed by the Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness of the Government of Spain, Carlos III Institute and Fondos FEDER (Ref.PI13/00874), directed by Professor Carmen Vives-Cases.

Dos eventos marcaron el mes en America Latina: la reunion del Presidente de los Estados Unidos y lideres de la region el dia antes de iniciar la reunion 72 de la Asamblea General de Naciones Unidas y posteriormente, el discurso del Presidente de Estados Unidos en dicha cita.

Sclerosing bone dysplasias are a series of clinically and genetically heterogeneous diseases characterized by functional failure of the osteoclasts in bone resorption, leading to an excessive amount of bone mineral density (BMD) which could have serious clinical consequences. We treated three children affected with seriously high levels of BMD with acetazolamide, with the intention of inducing metabolic acidosis, thus increasing bone resorption and reducing BMD. All our patients tolerated and followed the treatment well and the clinical response was satisfactory in all cases.

El capital social constituye un activo estratégico de las empresas, facilitándoles el acceso y la explotación de nuevos recursos e influyendo positivamente en sus resultados. Dada la relevancia del capital social, resulta crucial conocer qué factores favorecen el desarrollo del mismo en el contexto organizacional. Por ello, en este trabajo se analiza la influencia del emprendimiento corporativo, variable que no solo contribuye a crear cambios económicos sino que también facilita la adaptación de las empresas a tales cambios, en el capital social de las empresas. El estudio empírico se centra en una muestra de 160 empresas de sectores intensivos en tecnología pertenecientes a países de la Unión Europea. La metodología consiste en la realización de análisis de regresión lineal jerárquica sobre dicha muestra. Los resultados obtenidos revelan la influencia positiva del emprendimiento corporativo sobre el desarrollo del capital social de las empresas, especialmente sobre su red de contactos, confianza, normas y reglas, concluyendo que el emprendimiento corporativo es clave en el desarrollo del capital social de las empresas.

Resumen Presentamos el caso de una mujer de 40 anos, sin antecedentes de interes, que consulta por palpacion de nodulo mamario. La mamografia muestra una lesion nodular, bien delimitada, heterogenea, de 34 mm, en el cuadrante superoexterno/prolongacion axilar derecha. Se estudia mediante biopsia guiada por ecografia, con resultado de tumor mesenquimal con estroma mixoide, patron vascular plexiforme y ocasionales celulas compatibles con lipoblastos. Con este diagnostico se procede a la exeresis total de la lesion, que a la seccion macroscopica muestra nodulo de bordes expansivos, de aspecto gelatinoso y caracteristicas microscopicas de liposarcoma mixoide. Se presenta el caso y se revisa la literatura medica.

Esta investigación aborda elementos relacionados con la planificación de la clase como problema profesional en la formación inicial con la utilización de la tecnociencia destacándose como elemento dinamizador de ellas el Profesor General Integral que incide desde la escuela como centro de las influencias educativas en la Familia y la Comunidad, para la obtención de un producto social de calidad ; el estudiante capaz de enfrentarse a la enseñanza media superior con contenidos educativos válidos para la sociedad socialista en que vivimos, con el objetivo de Establecer las dificultades en la preparación científico metodológico existentes en la preparación inicial que reciben intensivamente por los PGI de S/B y su repercusión negativa en la sociedad. El PGI de S/B utiliza la tecnología educativa para llevar a cabo el proceso de enseñanza aprendizaje dentro del contexto pedagógico, empleando como vía fundamental la video clase y la tele clase como forma de organizar dicho proceso (enseñanza aprendizaje) en la enseñanza secundaria básica actualmente , se hace necesario reflexionar acerca de el modo de empleo como forma de organizar el proceso o un medio de enseñanza para producir conocimiento en ese proceso , como agente de cambio educativo que articule la familia como parte integrante del mismo y su preparación en toda la comunidad a partir del Sistema de Influencias Educativas que se lleva a cabo desde la escuela centro cultural importante para la sociedad.

To determine serum vitamin D levels and colonic vitamin D receptor (VDR) expression in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and non-IBD patients and correlate these with histopathology.Puerto Rican IBD (n = 10) and non-IBD (n = 10) patients ≥ 21 years old scheduled for colonoscopy were recruited. Each patient completed a questionnaire and provided a serum sample and a colonic biopsy of normal-appearing mucosa. For IBD patients, an additional biopsy was collected from visually diseased mucosa. Serum vitamin D levels were measured by ultra-performance liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry. Hematoxylin and eosin stained tissue sections from colonic biopsies were classified histologically as normal or colitis (active/inactive), and scored for the degree of inflammation present (0-3, inactive/absent to severe). Tissue sections from colonic biopsies were also stained by immunohistochemistry for VDR, for which representative diagnostic areas were photographed and scored for staining intensity using a 4-point scale.The IBD cohort was significantly younger (40.40 ± 5.27, P0.05) than the non-IBD cohort (56.70 ± 1.64) with a higher prevalence of vitamin D deficiency (40% vs 20%, respectively) and insufficiency (70% vs 50%, respectively). Histologic inflammation was significantly higher in visually diseased mucosa from IBD patients (1.95 ± 0.25) than in normal-appearing mucosa from control patients (0.25 ± 0.08, P0.01) and from IBD patients (0.65 ± 0.36, P0.05) and correlated inversely with VDR expression in visually diseased colonic tissue from IBD patients (r = -0.44, P0.05) and from IBD patients with Crohn's disease (r = -0.69, P0.05), but not in normal-appearing colonic tissue from control patients or IBD patients. Control and IBD patient serum vitamin D levels correlated positively with VDR expression in normal colon from control and IBD patients (r = 0.38, P0.05) and with patient age (r = 0.54, P0.01).Levels of serum vitamin D correlate positively with colonic VDR expression in visually normal mucosa whereas inflammation correlates negatively with colonic VDR expression in visually diseased mucosa in Puerto Rican patients.

Within the past decade, researchers and hepatitis C specialists in Puerto Rico have highlighted the burden of hepatitis C and associated disease outcomes in the island to raise public awareness about this problem and set out a call to action to tackle prevention and control efforts, yet so far no concrete actions have taken place. The population-based studies on hepatitis C have documented that the main risk factor is the sharing of syringes and drug paraphernalia to inject drugs, that most seropositive individuals are unaware of their infection status, and that there are large knowledge deficits about the disease, its risk factors, and measures of prevention and control. The subject is further complicated by the fact that despite hepatitis C reporting is mandatory, there is no effective epidemiological surveillance system to provide the information needed for planning, implementation, monitoring, and evaluation of intervention strategies for this infection and access to medical and other existing therapies is limited. This document addresses the disparities in HC V infection and its adverse outcomes experienced among Puerto Ricans and attempts to set out strategies to address a public health response for hepatitis C at the meso and macro levels of the social-ecological model. Diverse organizations and major stakeholders are urged to mount an adequate response to hepatitis C by transforming current scientific evidence into public health actions to increase awareness, identify those who are actively infected, and link infected individuals into comprehensive care and treatment.

Recent medical literature agrees that celiac disease (CD) is much more prevalent in western civilization than it was thought to be in the past. Given the potential complications and consequences of untreated CD, screening programs have been considered. Symptoms of celiac disease may resemble those of Irritable Bowel Syndrome. A group of patients with IBS was screened for CE using the Tissue Transglutaminase Antibody IgA serum test. A total of 18 patients were screened. All of our patients tested negative for TTG IgA. This finding may indicate that the prevalence of CD may be low in our population. Further population studies are needed to confirm our finding.