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Data from omics studies have been used for prediction and classification of various diseases in biomedical and bioinformatics research. In recent years, Machine Learning (ML) algorithms have been used in many different fields related to healthcare systems, especially for disease prediction and classification tasks. Integration of molecular omics data with ML algorithms has offered a great opportunity to evaluate clinical data. RNA sequence (RNA-seq) analysis has been emerged as the gold standard for transcriptomics analysis. Currently, it is being used widely in clinical research. In our present work, RNA-seq data of extracellular vesicles (EV) from healthy and colon cancer patients are analyzed. Our aim is to develop models for prediction and classification of colon cancer stages. Five different canonical ML and Deep Learning (DL) classifiers are used to predict colon cancer of an individual with processed RNA-seq data. The classes of data are formed on the basis of both colon cancer stages and cancer presence (healthy or cancer). The canonical ML classifiers, which are k-Nearest Neighbor (kNN), Logistic Model Tree (LMT), Random Tree (RT), Random Committee (RC), and Random Forest (RF), are tested with both forms of the data. In addition, to compare the performance with canonical ML models, One-Dimensional Convolutional Neural Network (1-D CNN), Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM), and Bidirectional LSTM (BiLSTM) DL models are utilized. Hyper-parameter optimizations of DL models are constructed by using genetic meta-heuristic optimization algorithm (GA). The best accuracy in cancer prediction is obtained with RC, LMT, and RF canonical ML algorithms as 97.33%. However, RT and kNN show 95.33% performance. The best accuracy in cancer stage classification is achieved with RF as 97.33%. This result is followed by LMT, RC, kNN, and RT with 96.33%, 96%, 94.66%, and 94%, respectively. According to the results of the experiments with DL algorithms, the best accuracy in cancer prediction is obtained with 1-D CNN as 97.67%. BiLSTM and LSTM show 94.33% and 93.67% performance, respectively. In classification of the cancer stages, the best accuracy is achieved with BiLSTM as 98%. 1-D CNN and LSTM show 97% and 94.33% performance, respectively. The results reveal that both canonical ML and DL models may outperform each other for different numbers of features.

Endoscopic procedures for diagnosing gastrointestinal tract findings depend on specialist experience and inter-observer variability. This variability can cause minor lesions to be missed and prevent early diagnosis. In this study, deep learning-based hybrid stacking ensemble modeling has been proposed for detecting and classifying gastrointestinal system findings, aiming at early diagnosis with high accuracy and sensitive measurements and saving workload to help the specialist and objectivity in endoscopic diagnosis. In the first level of the proposed bi-level stacking ensemble approach, predictions are obtained by applying 5-fold cross-validation to three new CNN models. A machine learning classifier selected at the second level is trained according to the obtained predictions, and the final classification result is reached. The performances of the stacking models were compared with the performances of the deep learning models, and McNemar’s statistical test was applied to support the results. According to the experimental results, stacking ensemble models performed with a significant difference with 98.42% ACC and 98.19% MCC in the KvasirV2 dataset and 98.53% ACC and 98.39% MCC in the HyperKvasir dataset. This study is the first to offer a new learning-oriented approach that efficiently evaluates CNN features and provides objective and reliable results with statistical testing compared to state-of-the-art studies on the subject. The proposed approach improves the performance of deep learning models and outperforms the state-of-the-art studies in the literature.

The game market has become one of the fastest growing industries of the digital age. The availability of internet access from anywhere, the diversification of game platforms, the increase in game options and the increase in application stores especially for mobile devices have accelerated this growth in the sector. The purpose of this study was to determine who the new consumers in the developing game industry are, their various demographics, characteristics and purchasing behaviors. Data which were collected by the survey method from 490 game players who participated in Gamescom, the world's largest game fair held in Cologne, Germany between 20-24 August 2019, were analyzed by descriptive statistics, t-test and one-way anova. As a result of the findings, it has been determined that majority of the participants were female, young adults and students. Almost half of the participants have more than 12 years of gaming experience, play games for an average of 3.76 hours a day and an average of 5.16 days per week, prefer to play at home and on their personal computers the most, majority were core gamers, and the favorite game category was action.

Recognition of human actions in partially cluttered environments is an important research field of computer vision and human-computer interaction. This field has recently garnered attention from a large number of academic researchers in various fields of application. This study proposes a novel deep-learning-based architecture for the recognition and prediction of human actions based on a hybrid model. The main contribution of this study is to propose a new hybrid architecture, integrating four wide-ranging pre-trained network models in an optimized manner, using a metaheuristic algorithm. This architecture consists of four main stages: namely, the creation of the data set, the design of deep neural network (DNN) architecture, training and optimization of the proposed DNN architecture, and evaluation of the trained DNN. By adapting the aforementioned architecture, reliable features are obtained for the training procedure. In order to validate the superiority of the proposed architecture over other state-of-the-art studies, a performance evaluation between these architectures is presented using benchmark datasets. The results reveal that the proposed architecture outperforms previously developed architectures in terms of predicting human actions.

Bone drilling is a common method for fixing implants used in bone fractures. Because of the fibre-reinforced composite structure of bone, parameters such as feed rate, spindle speed and drill type affect the hole surface quality. After drilling, the quality of the bore surface, burr formation and delamination at the hole entrance and exit affect the ability of the screw to cause implant failure and fusion problems of the fracture. For this reason, it is very important to conduct drilling with optimum speed and feedrate values. In this study, the effects of processing parameters on hole surface quality and delamination were studied experimentally. In the experiment, bovine bone, which has similar structural properties to human bone, was used. The hole surface quality and delamination formed at the exit of the hole were examined for three different feed rates and spindle speeds. As a result of the experiments, it was seen that the feed rate had more effect on both delamination and hole surface quality than the spindle speed. It was also determined that the cortical part of the bone and the cancellous part of the bone affected the production of heat and drill wear differently.

The use of free-form shapes has become widespread to design complex products that have to fulfil engineering requirements as well as aesthetic criteria. Conventional drilling with twist drilling still remains one of the most economical and efficient machining processes for hole making as well as for riveting and fastening structural assemblies in the aerospace and automotive industries. In drilling, one of the major issues of the process pertains to burrs formation, which affects the quality of the final product and, thus, the capability to meet the part desired functionality. Though it is noted that drilling operations produce burrs on the machined parts, burrs removal on free form surface is more difficult, producing an increase of both the time and cost for deburring.In this study, the effects of drilling parameters on the formation of burrs during the drilling of free-form surfaces were examined. A free-form surface manufactured from Al7075 was drilled using different exit surface angle, spindle speed and feed rate parameters. The drilled workpiece was then scanned using a 3D scanner to obtain data related to burr formation and burr height. By evaluating these data via the TAGUCHI, ANOVA and NLR statistical methods, optimum drilling parameters for minimum burr height were determined. In addition, a mathematical model for predicting burr height was developed, with first fracture points, hole morphology and the burr formation process investigated based on images taken during and after drilling. The lowest burr height was measured 15° exit surface angle, 2300 rpm spindle speed and 0.1 mm/rev feed rate. In addition, a mathematical model was developed using NLR analysis which estimate actual results by 90.26%. Keywords: Free-form surface, Drilling, Burr formation

Knee joint prostheses are commonly employed for therapy in over-use disorder, and as a result of traffic accident and sports injuries. However, errors that can occur due to their use need to be defined. In order to determine the types and rates of wear that might occur in prosthetic components, wear tests were performed in knee joint simulators that mimiced knee joint motion. In this study, the wear was specifically examined in ultra high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) insert material in the four-axis knee joint prosthesis wear test simulator, and the causes for it were examined. Wear tests were performed for 3 different cycles, 1 × 106, 2 × 106 and 3 × 106. Following wear tests, microscopic images, and mass loss and surface roughness measurements were taken from the UHMWPE insert condyle surface. With an increase in the number of cycles, pitting wear, scratches, agglomerated particles and delamination were seen more clearly on the UHMWPE material surface, due to repetitive forces on different axes. In addition, surface roughness measurements taken from worn surfaces increased the with the number of cycles, and flexion/extension (F/E) motion range increased with surface roughness. Wear rates in the medial region of the UHMWPE insert were higher than in the lateral region. Keywords: Knee joint simulator, UHMWPE, Wear resistance, Surface quality

CoCrMo alloys, which are well-known Co-based biomedical alloys, have many different types of surface integrity problems reported in literature. Residual stresses, white layer formation and work hardening layers are some those, matters which occur as a microstructural alteration during machining. Therefore, such problems should be solved and surface quality of end products should be improved. In this paper, the surface quality of CoCrMo alloy used in tibial component of the knee prosthesis produced by means of turning was investigated. An improvement was suggested and discussed for the improvement in their machinability with the developed turning-grinding method. Finite element analyses were also carried out to calculate temperature and thermal stresses distribution between the tool and the tibial component. The results showed that many parameters such as cutting speed, feed rate, depth of cut, tool geometry, and tool wear affect the surface quality of workpieces of CoCrMo alloy. In the turning-grinding method, the machining time is reduced by about six times compared to machining only method. The EDX analysis performed on the surface after machining showed that metal diffusion occurred from tool to the tibial component.

This paper addresses a new machine learning-based behavioral strategy using the deep Q-learning algorithm for the RoboCode simulation platform. According to this strategy, a new model is proposed for the RoboCode platform, providing an environment for simulated robots that can be programmed to battle against other robots. Compared to Atari Games, RoboCode has a fairly wide set of actions and situations. Due to the challenges of training a CNN model for such a continuous action space problem, the inputs obtained from the simulation environment were generated dynamically, and the proposed model was trained by using these inputs. The trained model battled against the predefined rival robots of the environment (standard robots) by cumulatively benefiting from the experience of these robots. The comparison between the proposed model and standard robots of RoboCode Platform was statistically verified. Finally, the performance of the proposed model was compared with machine learning based-customized robots (community robots). Experimental results reveal that the proposed model is mostly superior to community robots. Therefore, the deep Q-learning-based model has proven to be successful in such a complex simulation environment. It should also be noted that this new model facilitates simulation performance in adaptive and partially cluttered environments.

İcmâ, usûl ilminde Kur’ân ve Sünnet’ten sonra üçüncü sırada yer alan şer’î delillerden birisidir. Şâfiî, pratikte İslam âlimlerince bilinip uygulanmakta olan usûl ilkelerini ilk defa yazılı metin haline getiren ve icmâyı usûlde şer’î delillerin üçüncüsü olarak ilk defa öneren kişidir. İcmâ delilinden yararlanan ilimlerden biri de kelâm ilmidir. Kelâmcılar, usûl ilminin elverdiği ölçüde icmâ delilinden azami ölçüde yararlanmıştır. Bu bağlamda kelâmcılar, dinî kabul ve inançların esasında herhangi bir değişikliğe gitmeksizin icmâ delilini sürekli kullanmışlardır. Ehl-i Sünnet akāidinin naklî delillerden sayılan icmâyla desteklenmesi, inançlar hakkında zihinlere atılmaya çalışılan şüpheleri bertaraf etmede önemli rol oynamıştır. Bu makalede usûl ilminin temel kaynaklarından olan icmâ delilinin Ehl-i Sünnet akāid ve kelâmındaki önem ve işlevi konu edilmiştir. ÖzetKur’an’ın isteği ümmet arasında birlik ruhunun öne çıkarılması ayrılık ve bölünmeyi tetikleyen faktörlerin ise geri planda tutulmasıdır. Nitekim Kur’an’da, “Hep birlikte Allah’ın ipine (Kur’an’a) sımsıkı sarılın. Parçalanıp bölünmeyin…” (Âl-i İmrân 3/103) ve “Kendilerine apaçık deliller geldikten sonra parçalanıp ayrılığa düşenler gibi olmayın…” ( Âl-i İmrân 3/105) buyurularak ümmetin birliğinin korunmasına vurgu yapılmıştır. Yüce Allah, ülü’l-azm adı verilen peygamberlere dini ikame etmeyi ve tefrikadan sakınılmasını emretmiştir (eş-Şûra 42/13). Dini dosdoğru tutma ve bu dinde ayrılığa düşmeme emri Allah’ın dininde tasdik edilmesi gerekenleri tasdik etmek, itaat edilmesi gerekenlere de itaat etmek demektir. Bu aynı zamanda bütün peygamberlerin üzerinde icmâ ettiği dinin esasının ilanıdır.Ehl-i Sünnet’in İslâm’ı anlama tarzı, Hz. Peygamber’in ve ashabının anlama tarzı ile özdeştir. Bu nedenle Ehl-i Sünnet, İslam’ın ana damarını temsil eden ekoldür. Ehl-i Sünnet kelâmında usûlî ve fürûî birçok mesele üzerinde icmâ gerçekleşmiştir. Bu icmâlar sahabe icmâsı ve sonraki dönemlerde mütekellimlerin ictihadları sonucunda oluşan istidlâli icmâlardır. Bu nedenle icmâ ve ictihad birbirine sıkı sıkıya bağlıdır. İcmâ, ictihattan destek almakta, ictihad da icmâya kaynaklık etmektedir. Böylece mesele, salt ictihadî olmaktan çıkmakta ve nassdan sonraki bir dereceye yükselerek kat’î bilgi veren bir hükme dönüşmektedir. Ehl-i Sünnet kelâmcıları, iki türlü icmâdan söz etmektedirler. Birincisi “tasdikî icmâ”adını verdiğimiz sahabe icmâsına özgü ittifaklardır. Bunlar; zarurât-ı diniyye adı verilen esaslar üzerinde meydana gelen icmâlardır. Bu icma, dinde kesin olarak hüccet kabul edilmiştir. İman esasları, namazın ve oruçun farziyyeti gibi konular, zarurât-ı diniyyeden olup kat’î icmâ ile belirlenmiş konulardır. Bu tür icmâlar, var olan hükümler üzerinde meydana gelen tasdikî icmâlardır. Bu icmâlar, sübütu kat’î ve delâleti kat’î nasslara istinad etmektedir. Bu tür icmâlar, yeni bir bilgi vermez. Var olan bilgiler Müslümanların ittifakıyla kuvvetlenir. Söz konusu alanlarda ictihad yapılamadığı gibi Müslümanların bu konularda ictihada ihtiyacı da yoktur. İslâm’da zarurât-ı diniyye olarak kabul edilen esaslardan birisini ya da birkaçını inkâr eden kimsenin tekfîr edilmesi konusunda Ehl-i Sünnet âlimlerinin ittifakı vardır. Diğeri ise ictihadların devreye girdiği “istidlâlî icmâ”lardır. Bu nev‘i icmâlar, itikadî fer‘i meselelerde müçtehitlerin aynı görüş üzerinde konsensüsü sonucunda oluşur. İctihada açık olan füru-i akāid ile ilgili hususlarda yapılan ictihatlar ve elde edilen farklı sonuçlar tekfîr nedeni kabul edilmemiştir. Ancak konusuna göre günahkâr olmasına neden olabilir. İstidlâlî icmâlar, kelâm ilminde müstakil değil destekleyici delil kabul edilmiş ve naklî deliller kapsamında değerlendirilmiştir. Zira bu hususta dayanak kabul edilen naslar, zannî bilgi verirler. Bu bakımdan Ehl-i Sünnet âlimleri, fürû-i akâid alanında selefin icmâsına aykırı düşünceler ileri süren diğer mezhep mensuplarını ehl-i kıble kabul etmiş ancak onların icmâsına aykırı düşünceler ileri sürmelerinden dolayı ehl-i bid‘at olarak isimlendirmişlerdir. Dahası Ehl-i Sünnet âlimleri, ehl-i bid‘atın sahabeden sonraki kuşaklar arasında meydana gelebilecek olan icmâlara katılmalarını da uygun görmemiştir.İslâm’da bütün ihtilaflar yerilmiş değildir. İctihadî meselelerde farklı görüşler ileri sürmek ümmet için bir rahmettir. Zira bu sayede ümmet yeni ortaya çıkan meselelere çözümler getirecek bunun sonucunda İslâm dini dinamik bir çözüm üretme mekanizmasına kavuşmuş olacaktır. Bu da ancak ictihat sayesinde mümkün olabilir. İhtilaf, bir konuda farklı görüş ileri sürmektir. Bu görüş ümmetin birliğine zarar verebilecek olan usûlî meselelerde değil de ictihadî meselelerde olursa bu ihtilaf, rahmete dönüşür.Usûlcülerin icmâyı naklî deliller kapsamında değerlendirmelerinin nedeni icmânın mutlaka bir nassa istinad etmesini zorunlu görmelerindendir. Buradan hareketle sırf aklî meselelerde meydana gelen ittifaklar, icmâ olarak değerlendirilmemiştir. Kelâmcılar, icmâ iddialarını daima nasslarla teyit etmeye çalışmışlardır. İcmânın gerçekleşmiş olması durumunda, bilinsin ya da bilinmesin gerisinde mutlaka şer’î bir delilin var olduğu anlamını çıkarmışlardır. Çünkü üzerinde icmâ gerçekleşmiş hükümler asla Hz. Peygamber’den gelen haberlere aykırı olamaz. Akāid ve kelâm eserlerindeki birçok mesele aklî ve naklî delillerin yanı sıra istidlâlî icmâ ile de desteklenmiştir. Ancak söz konusu eserlerdeki icmâ iddialarının birçoğu Ehl-i Sünnet’in görüşlerini yansıtan mezhep içi icmâlardır. Ehl-i Sünnet dışındaki mezhepler dışarıda tutulmuştur. Bu tavır, her şeyden önce mezhep içerisindeki bütünlüğü sağlamaya yönelik olup, Ehl-i Sünnet itikadını koruma altına alma çabasıdır. Zira icmâ delili, her türlü keyfi ve bölücü düşünceyi engelleyici bir işleve sahip olmasının yanında zannî olan bilgiyi kat’î hale getirerek elde edilen hükmü salt ictihadî olmaktan çıkarmakta ve nassdan sonraki bir mertebeye yükseltmektedir. Ehl-i Sünnet’in öncüsü durumunda olan Mâtürîdî ve Eş‘arî kelamcılarının icmâ anlayışları usûl açısından farklı değildir. İcmânın tanımı ve muhtevası konusunda farklı görüşler ileri sürseler de müctehitlerin aynı görüş üzerinde ittifakları konusunda ortak anlayışa sahiptirler. Mâtürîdîler ve Eş‘arîler, icmâ delilini kelâmî bahislerde destekleyici bir delil olarak kullanmışlardır. Eş‘arî, icmâ delilini itikadi meselelerde sırf benimsemiş olmakla kalmamış, pratikte kullanmıştır. O, icmâ delilini amelî, itikadî, usûlî ve fer‘î şeklinde bir ayırım yapmamış, her alanda rahatlıkla kullanmıştır. Mâtürîdî ve Eş‘arî âlimleri, dini meselelerde icmânın oluşabileceğini, oluşması durumunda da hüccet olacağına hükmetmişler ancak aklî meselelerde icmânın kat’î bilgilere istinad etmesini şart koşmuşlardır. Salt aklî meselelerde ise icmânın meydana gelmesi hususunda ihtilaf etmişlerdir. Bazı Ehl-i Sünnet âlimleri, salt aklî meselelerin yakînî bilgiler olduğunu dolayısıyla icmâya gerek olmadığını ifade ederken; müçtehitlerin bu bilgileri naslardan istinbat edebileceğini savunarak salt aklî meselelerde de icmânın gerçekleşebileceğine hükmetmişlerdir.

This study explores the use of several non‐parametric statistical tests for evaluating the performances of computer vision algorithms, specifically corner detectors, as a more reliable alternative to the graphical approaches that have been commonly employed to date. Using synthetic images carrying corners of different internal angles and orientations and a carefully designed testing framework, a ranking of the performances of corner detectors was established. It was found that Harris & Stephens and SUSAN out‐performed more modern detectors. These are one of the few examples where evaluation of vision operators independent of the application has predicted performance in a real‐world problem. A similar exercise on real images of the same patterns produced similar results and the findings of a real‐world application that uses corners to identify signage were also consistent. Together, all of the tests considered essentially perform pairwise comparisons of performance, so when many algorithms are involved it is important to take account of the potential for type I statistical errors. Several approaches were evaluated and none were found to affect the conclusions.

Abstract Background Besides being a risk factor for multiple metabolic disorders, obesity could affect female reproduction. While increased adiposity is associated with hormonal changes that could disrupt the function of the hypothalamus and the pituitary, compelling data suggest that obesity-related hormonal and inflammatory changes could directly impact ovarian function. Objective To review the available data related to the mechanisms by which obesity, and its associated hormonal and inflammatory changes, could affect the female reproductive function with a focus on the hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian (HPO) axis. Methods PubMed database search for publications in English language until October 2017 pertaining to obesity and female reproductive function was performed. Results The obesity-related changes in hormone levels, in particular leptin, adiponectin, ghrelin, neuropeptide Y and agouti-related protein, are associated with reproductive dysfunction at both the hypothalamic-pituitary and the ovarian levels. The pro-inflammatory molecules advanced glycation end products (AGEs) and monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1) are emerging as relatively new players in the pathophysiology of obesity-related ovarian dysfunction. Conclusion There is an intricate crosstalk between the adipose tissue and the inflammatory system with the HPO axis function. Understanding the mechanisms behind this crosstalk could lead to potential therapies for the common obesity-related reproductive dysfunction.

Copyright of Journal of the Cukurova University Institute of Social Sciences is the property of Cukurova University Institute of Social Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of the Cukurova University Institute of Social Sciences is the property of Cukurova University Institute of Social Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Cancer therapy drugs are designed to target genetic vulnerabilities, but loss-of-function screens often fail to identify essential genes in drug mechanism studies. Here the authors demonstrate CRISPRres, which exploits in-frame variation generated by indel formation to discover gene-drug interactions.

PIN1 is a promising therapeutic target for cancer treatment. In this study, the authors identify a covalent inhibitor of PIN1 with anti-tumour and anti-metastatic properties thanks to PIN1 inactivation and to the release, after binding to PIN1, of a quinone-mimicking compound that elicits reactive oxygen generation and causes DNA damage.

Objective: The present study was an investigation of the relationship between fragmented QRS (fQRS) and left ventricular apical thrombus (LVAT) in patients presenting with first acute anterior myocardial infarction (MI). Methods: Consecutive 148 patients (mean age: 60.1+-10.1 years; male: 75.6%) with first acute anterior MI who underwent primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) were included. Study population was divided into 2 groups based on presence of LVAT. fQRS was defined as presence of various RSR' patterns, which included additional R wave or notching of R wave or S wave, and presence of more than 1 R in 2 contiguous leads corresponding to major coronary artery territory on 12-lead electrocardiogram. Patients with bundle branch block were excluded from the study. Results: Of these, 32 (21.6%) had LVAT. Patients with LVAT had higher prevalence of fQRS (53.1% vs. 22.4%; p0.05 for all). Presence of fQRS was independent predictor of LVAT (odds ratio [OR], 2.795; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.058–7.396) in multivariable logistic regression analysis. Conclusion: Presence of fQRS in leads V4-V6 is independently associated with LVAT in patients presenting with first acute anterior MI.

This paper presents a comparative study between two different implementations of digitally-controlled-oscillators (DCOs), whcih is the DAC-based and the digital controller-based DCO in TSMC 65 nm CMOS technology. This paper focuses on ring-oscillator architectures due to their high stability against PVT. The DAC-based oscillator implements a differential architecture, and the digital controller-based architecture operates in a single-ended signal. The SFDR of the DAC-based DCO is 77.2 dBc and controller-based DCO is 56.8 dBc at 125 MHz offset. The Monte-Carlo simulation gives a deviation of 7.4% and 8.5% for the DAC-based and controller-based DCO, respectively. The phase noise performance of the DAC-based DCO and controller-based DCO is −78.9 dBc/Hz and −81.3 dBc/Hz at 1 MHz offset, respectively. The implementations are given and compared according to their performance based on post-layout simulation results.

The purpose of this study was to investigate senses of sexism and religiosity in terms of sports variable. Totally 192 university students including 121 males and 71 females with an average age of 21.72 ± 1.90 voluntarily participated in the research. “Ambivalent Sexism Inventory” was used in order to measure the attitudes of students participated in the research towards sexism whereas “Religiosity Scale” was used to determine their sense of religiosity. For the assessment of the results, frequency, t-test and correlation statistical processes were carried out.As a result; a significant difference was found between individuals doing and not doing exercises in terms of their sexism and religiosity levels. A significant difference was also found between hostile sexism, benevolent sexism and benevolent patriarchy attitudes of individuals doing and not doing exercises. It was determined that average of hostile sexism, benevolent sexism and benevolent patriarchy attitudes of individuals doing exercises was higher than that of individuals not doing exercises. A significant difference was determined between hostile sexism, benevolent sexism and heterosexual intimacy properties in terms of gender variable. It was observed that hostile sexism property of females was lower than that of male participants. On the other hand, benevolent sexism property of females was higher than that of male participants. A significant difference was not found between doing exercises variable, gender variable as well as religiosity variable, however, a positive relationship was found between religiosity and benevolent sexism, heterosexual intimacy, benevolent, supplementary attitude towards genders. As the level of religiosity increases, the average of benevolent sexism, heterosexual intimacy, benevolent patriarchy, supplementary attitude towards genders also increases.

Kohezyonlu zeminler, kil oranı ve cinsine bağlı olarak değişik derecelerde gelişen şişme özelliği sergilerler. Literatürde kohezyonlu zeminlerin şişme derecesini belirlemek için pek çok çalışma yapılmıştır. Bu çalışmalar, kil ve kolloid yüzdesi, plastisite indisi, rötre limit, aktivite, likit limit, su içeriği ve emme özellikleri ile ilgili olup bunların bir kısmı çizelgeler ile bir kısmı ise grafikler ile verilmiştir. Bu çalışmada, kohezyonlu zeminlerin şişme potansiyeli likit limit ve doğal su içeriğine bağlı olarak incelenmiştir. Literatürde önerilmiş olan grafiksel ilişki çözümlenmiş ve çözümleme sonucu kohezyonlu zeminlerin doğal su içeriği ve likit limit değerlerinden hareketle olası şişme yüzdesinin tahminine yönelik genel denklem belirlenmiştir. Yapılan incelemede, literatürde önerilmiş olan grafikte gösterildiği gibi kohezyonlu zeminlerin doğal su içeriği, likit limit ve olası şişme yüzdesi arasındaki ilişkinin logaritmik olmadığı, bu ilişkinin “N” gibi değişken bir çarpana bağlı olarak üstel katsayısı -0.187w olan eksponansiyel bir eşitlik olduğu anlaşılmıştır. Çalışma ile önerilen yöntem İstanbul ili Avrupa yakası Avcılar-Esenyurt arasında yüzeyleyen birimler üzerinde uygulanmıştır. Literatürde şişme potansiyeli için önerilen sınıflandırmalarda değerlendirme kriterlerine ait yorumlamalar çok değişkendir ve bu tanımlamalar birbirleri ile de tutarsızdır. Oysa killerin su içeriği ile ilişkili olan şişme için önerilen bu yaklaşım ile güvenilir sayısal değerler elde edilmektedir.

Cohesive soil exhibits various degrees of swelling potential due to their clay contents and minerals. Many studies have been conducted to determine the degree of swelling of cohesive soil in the literature. These studies are related with the percentage of clay and colloid, plasticity index, shrinkage limit, activity, liquid limit, the water content and absorption and some of them give tables and others give graphics. In this study, the swelling potential of cohesive soil depending on liquid limit and natural water content were investigated. The graphical relation in literature was solved and a general equation between the water content and liquid limit of cohesive soil was determined for predicting swelling percentage. It is understood that the relation of swelling percentage between water content and liquid limit is not logarithmic as given in the literature, but it is an exponential equation with a -0.187w power constant N. The proposed methodology was applied to cohesive soil between Avcılar and Esenyurt. In literature classifications for swelling potential are variable and these definitions are inconsistent with each other. Whereas reliable numerical values for swelling are obtained by the proposed approach of swelling potential associated with clays water content.

Cohesive soil exhibits various degrees of swelling potential due to their clay contents and minerals. Many studies have been conducted to determine the degree of swelling of cohesive soil in the literature. These studies are related with the percentage of clay and colloid, plasticity index, shrinkage limit, activity, liquid limit, the water content and absorption and some of them give tables and others give graphics. In this study, the swelling potential of cohesive soil depending on liquid limit and natural water content were investigated. The graphical relation in literature was solved and a general equation between the water content and liquid limit of cohesive soil was determined for predicting swelling percentage. It is understood that the relation of swelling percentage between water content and liquid limit is not logarithmic as given in the literature, but it is an exponential equation with a -0.187w power constant N. The proposed methodology was applied to cohesive soil between Avcılar and Esenyurt. In literature classifications for swelling potential are variable and these definitions are inconsistent with each other. Whereas reliable numerical values for swelling are obtained by the proposed approach of swelling potential associated with clays water content.

Corners are important features in images because they typically delimit the boundaries of regions or objects. For real‐time applications, it is essential that corners are detected and matched reliably and rapidly. This study presents two related descriptors which are compatible with standard corner detectors and able to be computed and matched at video rate: one encodes the entire region within a corner, whereas the other describes only the region within an object. The advantage of encoding only the region within an object is demonstrated. The noise stability of the descriptors is assessed and compared with that of the popular binary robust independent elementary feature (BRIEF) descriptor, and the matching performances of the descriptors are compared on video sequences from hand‐held cameras and the PETS2012 database. A statistical analysis shows that performance is indistinguishable from BRIEF.

We report a 68-year-old man who presented with heart failure and atrial fibrillation (AF) with rapid ventricular response and wide QRS complexes. Tachycardiainduced cardiomyopathy (TIC) due to persistent AF developing on the basis of Wolff-Parkinson-White (WPW) syndrome was considered. Signs and symptoms of heart failure improved with restoration of sinus rhythm. This case suggested that persistent AF in a patient with WPW syndrome is one of the rare causes of TIC.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to assess the relationship between mean platelet volume (MPV) and the presence and extent of coronary artery disease (CAD) in patients who underwent coronary angiography for stable chest pain. Study design: A total of 540 patients (350 male, 190 female; mean age: 59.6+-11.4 years) were consecutively included in the study. The patients were divided into four groups according to the presence and extent of their CAD as follows: Group 1 - patients with no significant CAD, group 2 - one vessel disease, group 3 - two vessel diseases, and group 4 - three vessel disease. Also, the Gensini score of each coronary angiogram was calculated. Results: There were 159 patients in group 1, 169 in group 2, 110 in group 3, and 102 in group 4. As expected, we found significant differences among the groups regarding mean age and other coronary risk factors including gender, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, hyperlipidemia, smoking, and family history of ischemic heart disease. However, there were no significant differences among the groups regarding platelet counts and MPV values (8.5+-0.1 fl, 8.5+-1.2 fl, 8.6+-0.9 fl and 8.6+-0.9 fl, MPV values of groups 1-4, respectively). Although the Gensini score was found to be significantly correlated with age, plasma uric acid level, white blood cell count, hemoglobin level, fasting blood glucose, and high density lipoprotein level, no significant association was detected between MPV and Gensini score values. Conclusion: This study is one of the largest studies assessing the relationship between MPV and the extent of coronary atherosclerosis in patients with stable CAD to date. However, we found no association between MPV and the presence and extent of coronary atherosclerosis.

Bu makale bilgisayar grafiği alanının iki ilgi çekici konusu üzerinde yapılan güncel çalışmaların bir incelemesini sunmaktadır. Geniş çalışma alanları olan Zenginleştirilmiş Gerçeklik ve İzleme alanlarında yapılan yeni çalışmalar incelenirken, özellikle de makalede bahsedilen sebeplerden dolayı kültürel miras üzerine yapılan çalışmalar vurgulanmıştır. Belirtilen uygulama türü için birçok kaynağa sahip olan ülkemizde yeni bir çalışma alanı başlamasına yardımcı olmak amacıyla bu iki çalışma alanından birçok yöntem ve örnek uygulama yüzeysel fakat açık bir dille anlatılmıştır. Bu uygulamalarda genel olarak karşılaşılan sorunlar ortaya konulup, olası çözüm önerileri sunulmuştur. Ülkemizde yapılan ilgili çalışmalardan da örnekler verildikten sonra geliştirilen örnek "Masaüstü Tarih" çalışmasıyla da anlatım pekiştirilerek somut bir örnek ortaya konmuştur.

This paper presents an up-to-date review of the literature on the two interesting topics from the field of computer graphics. While the recent research on the broad research areas of Augmented Reality and Tracking are examined, applications related to cultural heritage were emphasized due to the reasons mentioned in the paper. Several methods and example applications were presented in a superficial but clear manner to facilitate the foundation of a new research area in our country which has a vast amount of resources for the mentioned type of application. Common problems with these methods are presented along with possible solutions. After the presentation of related research in our country, a protoype application named "Desktop History" was presented in order to consolidate the text and provide a concrete example.

Although acquired diaphragmatic rupture is often associated with trauma, rarely it may be spontaneous (atraumatic). Spontaneous diaphragmatic rupture is one of the rarest thoracoabdominal emergencies, and is harder to detect in patients without visceral damage. Diagnosis may be delayed by several months or even years. A sceptical approach, combined with thorough physical examination and the correct interpretation of the chest X-ray, are very important in diagnosis. In this report we present a patient who was admitted to the emergency department with stomach pain, nausea, vomiting and hiccups lasting for 3 days, and was diagnosed with spontaneous diaphragmatic rupture. The patient was treated with thoracotomy, and the defect was repaired primarily.

This paper introduces a comparison of training algorithms of radial basis function (RBF) neural networks for classification purposes. RBF networks provide effective solutions in many science and engineering fields. They are especially popular in the pattern classification and signal processing areas. Several algorithms have been proposed for training RBF networks. The Artificial Bee Colony (ABC) algorithm is a new, very simple and robust population based optimization algorithm that is inspired by the intelligent behavior of honey bee swarms. The training performance of the ABC algorithm is compared with the Genetic algorithm, Kalman filtering algorithm and gradient descent algorithm. In the experiments, not only well known classification problems from the UCI repository such as the Iris, Wine and Glass datasets have been used, but also an experimental setup is designed and inertial sensor based terrain classification for autonomous ground vehicles was also achieved. Experimental results show that the use of the ABC algorithm results in better learning than those of others.

Camera calibration is a crucial prerequisite for the retrieval of metric information from images. The problem of camera calibration is the computation of camera intrinsic parameters (i.e., coefficients of geometric distortions, principle distance and principle point) and extrinsic parameters (i.e., 3D spatial orientations: ω, φ, κ, and 3D spatial translations: tx, ty, tz). The intrinsic camera calibration (i.e., interior orientation) models the imaging system of camera optics, while the extrinsic camera calibration (i.e., exterior orientation) indicates the translation and the orientation of the camera with respect to the global coordinate system. Traditional camera calibration techniques require a predefined mathematical-camera model and they use prior knowledge of many parameters. Definition of a realistic camera model is quite difficult and computation of camera calibration parameters are error-prone. In this paper, a novel implicit camera calibration method based on Radial Basis Functions Neural Networks is proposed. The proposed method requires neither an exactly defined camera model nor any prior knowledge about the imaging-setup or classical camera calibration parameters. The proposed method uses a calibration grid-pattern rotated around a static-fixed axis. The rotations of the calibration grid-pattern have been acquired by using an Xsens MTi-9 inertial sensor and in order to evaluate the success of the proposed method, 3D reconstruction performance of the proposed method has been compared with the performance of a traditional camera calibration method, Modified Direct Linear Transformation (MDLT). Extensive simulation results show that the proposed method achieves a better performance than MDLT aspect of 3D reconstruction.

11 Eylül 2001 olaylarından sonra Almanya'daki İslam algısında belirgin olumsuz değişimler gözlenmektedir. Fakat Almanya'nın olumsuz İslam algısının sebebi olarak son dönemlerde gündeme gelen "küresel İslamcı terör" yeterli bir açıklama getiriyor olmaktan son derece uzaktır. 11 Eylül olaylarının akabinde tüm Avrupa'da ortaya çıkan İslam karşıtı dalgayı 11 Eylül öncesinde de var olan İslamofobinin kriz dönemlerinde etkinliğinin artmasıyla açıklayabiliriz. Almanya'da yüzyıllar öncesinden bugüne süzülegelen İslam algısı kendisini öteki olarak addedilen İslam'ın olumsuzlanması yoluyla ifade etmektedir. Ötekinin olumsuzlanması ise Almanlık ya da Avrupalılık kimliğinin pekiştirilmesinin aracı olmaktadır. Öteki algısı önceleri feodal sistemin kendini meşrulaştırmak ve devamını sağlamak için siyasi olarak başvurduğu yöntemdi. Aydınlanma dönemi ile birlikte ortaya çıkan oryantalizm akımıyla birlikte öteki algısı kültürel bir şekil almıştır. Öteki olarak tanımlanan İslam toplumları, gelişime kapalılık, tekrardan ibaretlik, geri kalmışlık ve ortaya çıkan koloniyalizm sonucu Batı ülkelerine olan bağımlılıkla özdeş algılanmış ve İslam kültürü buna mukabil kurulan kültürel hiyerarşide alt basamağa ait görülmüştür. Aradan geçen uzun zamana karşın Batı'nın ötekisi olan İslam'ın Almanya'daki algısında oryantalist şablonların sürekliliği göze çarpmaktadır. Özellikle yazılı basındaki İslam ile ilgili haber, yorum ve karikatürlere bahsi geçen oryantalist yaklaşımlar damgasını vurmaktadır. Yükselmekte olan İslam karşıtlığı, Soğuk Savaşın sona ermesi ile birlikte kurgulanan kendilik kimliğinin kendi karşı kutbunu kaybetmesinden dolayı bir nevi ihtiyaç haline gelmiş, komünizmden sonra yeni bir öteki icadı gerekli görülmüştür. Bu sebeple Almanya'daki olumsuz İslam algısı ülkede yaşayan Müslümanların somut gerçekliğinden çok, soyut düzeyde ve uzaktaki bir coğrafyaya yönelik bir üst anlatı olarak değerlendirilmelidir. Yukarıda, İslam'ın Almanya'daki algılanışı ile ilgili çizilen tablonun, demokratik seviyesi çok yüksek bir ülkenin ölçütleriyle değerlendirilmesi gerekir. Bahsedilen İslam algısı, ne değişmezliğe yazgılıdır ne de söz konusu olumsuz imajı olumlu bir yöne çevirmek için sivil bir girişimin önü kapalıdır. Müslüman kimliğe sahip ülkelerde keyfi ve otoriter uygulamalar gündelik hayata ait tezahürler olduğu gibi bu ülkelerdeki dinsel azınlıklar bir yana bizzat egemen mezhebe mensup olanlar için dahi Almanya'da yaşayan Müslümanların sahip olduğu haklar son derece arzu edilir haklardır. Düşünce, ifade, inanç ve ibadet özgürlüğünün güvence altında olduğu Almanya'da İslam algısına getirilen eleştirinin ideal demokrasi kıstaslarıyla gerçekleştirildiği gözden uzak tutulmamalıdır.

Kurumsal Kaynak Planlaması ERP , bir işletmenin üretimden satışa, satınalmadan muhasebeye dek uzanan işsüreçlerinin ortak bir platformda bir araya getirildiği ve işletmenin farklıfonksiyonlarınıortak bir çatıaltında bütünleştirmeyi öngören yazılımlardır. Kurumun ERPe neden gereksinim duyduğu ve bu gereksinimi karşılayacağına inanılan en iyi yazılımın seçimi, ERP ile tanışıklığın ilk aşamasınıoluşturmaktadır. Kolaylıkla milyon dolar seviyelerinde harcamalara yol açacak böyle bir kararın oluşturulmasıkolay değildir. Bu çalışmada, ERP sistemini kurumuna uyarlamayıdüşünen yöneticilere yol gösterici olabilecek, ERP sisteminin sağlayabileceği faydalar ve seçim sürecine ilişkin kritik faktörler üzerinde durulmuştur. Türkiye ortamında geçerli olan unsurlar, yabancıliteratür çalışmalarıdoğrultusunda düzenlenmişve karar vericilerin dikkatine sunulmuştur.

Bu çalışma, mısır Zea mays L. ve soya Gliycine max L. bitkilerinin birlikte ekim intercropping sistemi ile “saf mısır MM , 1 sıra mısır/1 sıra soya 1M/1S , 2 sıra mısır/1 sıra soya 2M/1S , 2 sıra soya/1 sıra mısır 2S/1M ve saf soya MS ” nın verim-su ilişkilerini, verim bileşenlerini ve alan eşdeğer oranını LER belirlemek amacıyla 1998-1999 yıllarında, Harran Üniversitesi, Ziraat Fakültesi araştırma ve uygulama alanında yürütülmüştür. A sınıfı buharlaşma kabında saptanan toplam 4 günlük buharlaşmanın 100%, 80% ve 60%’ ı, sırasıyla IK1, IK2 ve IK3 konularına sulama suyu olarak uygulanmıştır. Araştırma sonucunda, birlikte ekim sisteminde mısır bitkisinde en yüksek ve en düşük dane verim ortalamaları IK1 ve IK3 sulama düzeyinde sırasıyla 10.53-4.59 ve 8.15-3.57 t ha-1 arasında belirlenmiştir. Bitki boyları içinde, verim sonuçlarına benzer değerler alınmış, en yüksek ve en düşük IK1 ve IK3 konusundasırasıyla 214182 ve 167-152 cmarasında gerçekleşmiştir. Bitki boyları kısaldıkça mısır verimlerinin düştüğü belirlenmiştir. Koçan kalınlığı ve boyunda çok önemli bir fark bulunmamıştır. Soya bitkisi verimleri, mısır verimlerine benzer gerçekleşmiş, IK1ve IK3 konusunda 3.31-1.28 ve 2.27-0.90 t ha-1 arasında değişmiştir. En yüksek LER değeri 1M/1S’ da hesaplanmış bunu sırasıyla 2M/1S ve 1M/2S uygulamaları izlemiştir. Sulama düzeylerine göre en yüksek sulama suyu randımanı IWUE ve su kullanım randımanı WUE değerleri 2M/1S birlikte ekim sisteminde sırasıyla 0.87 ve 0.77 kg m-3, en düşük IWUE ve WUE değerleri 1M/2S birlikte ekim sisteminde sırasıyla 0.51 ve 0.50 kg m-3 olarak hesaplanmıştır

Bu çal ış mada, yağmurlama sulama yöntemiyle sulanan susam bitkisinde, de ğ işik sulama ve s ı ra aral ı kları n ı n verim-su üretim fonksiyonlar ı üzerine etkileri ara ştı rı lm ışt ı r. Çal ışma, Şanl ı urfa' da Harran Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi deneme ve uygulama alan ı nda 1998-1999 y ı l ı yetişme döneminde dört de ğişik sulama 6, 12, 18 ve 24 gün ve s ı ra aral ığı nda 50-30, 70-30, 80-40 ve 70-70 cm yürütülmü ştür. Araştı rma sonunda, ilk y ı l 398-971 mm ve ikinci y ı l 486-1037 mm aras ı nda sulama suyu uygulanm ışt ı r. Farkl ı sulama ve değişik s ı ra aral ığı nda, iki y ı l ı n verim ortalamas ı s ı ras ı yla, 179.0-120.8; 160.5-115.3; 155.5-115.3 ve 113.2-59.9 kg da -1aras ı nda saptanm ışt ı r. WUE değeri, 1.19-2.82 kg ha"' mm-1 aras ı nda hesaplanmışt ı r. Değişik sulama ve s ı ra aral ı klar ı ndaki farkl ı l ı klar istatistiki anlamda çok önemli bulunmuştur P

For a number of years, scientists have been trying to develop aids that can make visually impaired people more independent and aware of their surroundings. Computer-based automatic navigation tools are one example of this, motivated by the increasing miniaturization of electronics and the improvement in processing power and sensing capabilities. This paper presents a complete navigation system based on low cost and physically unobtrusive sensors such as a camera and an infrared sensor. The system is based around corners and depth values from Kinect’s infrared sensor. Obstacles are found in images from a camera using corner detection, while input from the depth sensor provides the corresponding distance. The combination is both efficient and robust. The system not only identifies hurdles but also suggests a safe path (if available) to the left or right side and tells the user to stop, move left, or move right. The system has been tested in real time by both blindfolded and blind people at different indoor and outdoor locations, demonstrating that it operates adequately.

Objectives. Coronary collateral circulation (CCC) may limit the size of right ventricular (RV) infarcts but does not fully explain the relationship between CCC and clinical adverse events in patients with inferior STEMI. In this study, it was aimed to assess the relationship between preintervention angiographic evidence of CCC and clinical outcomes in patients with inferior STEMI who have undergone percutaneous coronary intervention. Methods. A total of 235 inferior STEMI patients who presented within the first 12 hours from the symptom onset were included. CCC to the right coronary artery (RCA) before angioplasty were angiographically assessed, establishing two groups: 147 (63%) patients without CCC and 88 (37%) with CCC according to presence of CCC. Results. RV infarction, complete atrioventricular block, VT/VF, cardiogenic shock, and in-hospital death were noted less frequently in patients with CCC than in those without CCC. Absence of CCC to RCA was found to be the independent predictor for in-hospital death among them (odds ratio 4.0, 95% CI 1.8–12.6; p=0.03). Conclusion. Presence of angiographically detectable CCC was associated with better in-hospital outcomes including RV infarction, complete AV block, cardiogenic shock, and VT/VF in patients with inferior STEMI.

Bu ara şt ı rma, Harran Ovas ı Şanl ı urfa koş ulları nda 1995 ve 1996 y ı llar ı nda 6 soya çeşidi ile, dekara tohum verimi, ekim zaman ı , çeşit, bitki başı na verim, tohum say ı s ı , 1000 tohum a ğı rl ığı , meyve say ı s ı , ilk meyve yüksekli ğ i, bitki boyu ve dal say ı s ı özellikleri üzerinde durulmu ş ve incelenen özelliklerin dekara tohum verimi üzerine do ğ rudan ve dolayl ı etkileri path analizi yard ı m ı yla incelenmi ştir. Her iki y ı lda da dekara verim ile bitki boyu aras ı ndaki korelasyon önemli bulunmu ştur p

Bu çal ışma; Yağmurlama ve damla sulama yöntemlerinin, soya fasulyesinde dört farkl ı sulama aral ığı nda 3, 6, 9 ve 12 gün ve dört farkl ı s ı ra aral ığı 50x30, 70x30, 80x40 ve 70 cm mesafesinde verim su ili şkisini belirlemek amac ı yla yap ı lmışt ı r. Araşt ı rma 1998-1999 y ı lları aras ı nda HR. Ü. Ziraat Fakültesi deneme alanlar ı nda yürütülmüştür. Araşt ı ma sonunda; yağmurlama sulama yönteminde, birinci y ı l 575 mm-1295 mm aras ı nda ikinci y ı l 601mm1369 mm aras ı nda sulama suyu uygulanm ış , benzer sulama suyu miktar ı damla sulama için kullan ı lm ışt ı r. Toplam su kullan ı m rand ı man ı TWUE ve sulama suyu kullan ı m rand ı man ı IWUE s ı k sulama aral ığı nda 3 günde bir sulamada düşük, uzun sulama aral ığı nda 12 günde bir sulamada yüksek saptanm ışt ı r. En düşük TWUE değ eri 1,98 ve en düşük IWUE değeri 2,10 kg/ha/mm ya ğmurlama sulamada 3 günde bir sulamada , en yüksek TWUE de ğeri 5,30 ve en yüksek IWUE değeri 6,44 kg/ha/mm ya ğmurlama sulamada 12 günde bir sulamada hesaplanm ışt ı r. Yağmurlama ve damla sulama uygulamalar ı n ı n istatistiki anlamda önemsiz oldu ğ u belirlenmiştir. Dört farkl ı sulama aralığı ve dört farkl ı sı ra aral ığı LSD testi sonucuna göre uygulamalar aras ı farkl ı l ı klara göre çok önemli P

Woven coronary artery is an extremely rare anomaly in which epicardial coronary arteries divided into thin tunnel-like channels. WCA is thought to be a benign condition, however, it was associated with myocardial infarction and ischemia in some case reports. We present a 61-year-old male patient with woven right coronary artery.