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51. Molecular identification of an endemic Alpine mammal, Apodemus alpicola, using a PCR-based RFLP method

Author

Peter Vogel, Brigitte A. Reutter, and Eric J. Petit

Subjects
Genetics, Mitochondrial DNA, Apodemus alpicola, Cytochrome b, Apodemus, Mammal, Biology, Restriction fragment length polymorphism, biology.organism_classification, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Molecular identification
Abstract

The ability of a PCR-based restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis of the cytochrome b (mtDNA) to distinguish Apodemus alpicola from two other Apodemus species was investigated. The partial sequencing of the cytochrome b allowed the identification of one enzyme as being potentially diagnostic. This was supported by an analysis of 131 specimens previously identified using morphometric and/or allozymic data, indicating that the PCR-based RFLP method provides a rapid and reliable tool for distinguishing A. alpicola from its two co-occurring congenerics. The method is applicable to samples taken in the field for ecological studies, and could easily be adapted to the identification of museum samples.

Published
2002

52. Performance of individual vs. group sampling for inferring dispersal under isolation-by-distance

Author

Thomas Broquet, Eric J. Petit, Natacha Luximon, Department of Ecology and Evolution, University of Lausanne, Université de Lausanne (UNIL), Ecosystèmes, biodiversité, évolution [Rennes] (ECOBIO), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES), DIVersité et COnnectivité dans le paysage marin côtier (DIVCO), Adaptation et diversité en milieu marin (AD2M), Station biologique de Roscoff [Roscoff] (SBR), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Station biologique de Roscoff [Roscoff] (SBR), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), 'Marine Aliens and Climate Change' Program funded by AXA Researcg Funds, Université de Lausanne = University of Lausanne (UNIL), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR), and Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Spatial contextual awareness, Ecology, IBD, Sampling (statistics), Genetic Variation, dispersal kernel, Biology, Regression, Sampling Studies, individual-based simulations, [SDV.GEN.GA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Genetics/Animal genetics, Genetics, Population, Genetic drift, Geographical distance, dispersal inference, Statistics, Genetics, Spatial ecology, Biological dispersal, gene flow, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Biotechnology, Isolation by distance, Demography
Abstract

International audience; Models of isolation-by-distance formalize the effects of genetic drift and gene flow in a spatial context where gene dispersal is spatially limited. These models have been used to show that, at an appropriate spatial scale, dispersal parameters can be inferred from the regression of genetic differentiation against geographic distance between sampling locations. This approach is compelling because it is relatively simple and robust and has rather low sampling requirements. In continuous populations, dispersal can be inferred from isolation-by-distance patterns using either individuals or groups as sampling units. Intrigued by empirical findings where individual samples seemed to provide more power, we used simulations to compare the performances of the two methods in a range of situations with different dispersal distributions. We found that sampling individuals provide more power in a range of dispersal conditions that is narrow but fits many realistic situations. These situations were characterized not only by the general steepness of isolation-by-distance but also by the intrinsic shape of the dispersal kernel. The performances of the two approaches are otherwise similar, suggesting that the choice of a sampling unit is globally less important than other settings such as a study's spatial scale.

Published
2014

53. Genetic Structure of Populations of the Mediterranean Mouflon (Ovis gmelini)

Author

Brigitte Crouau-Roy, Michel Dubois, Stéphane Aulagnier, Richard Bon, and Eric J. Petit

Subjects
education.field_of_study, Ecology, biology, Population, Zoology, Bovidae, biology.organism_classification, Mouflon, Genetic structure, Genetics, Microsatellite, Animal Science and Zoology, Philopatry, education, Ovis, Inbreeding, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Nature and Landscape Conservation
Abstract

Genetic structure of a population of the Mediterranean mouflon ( Ovis gmelini ) in the Caroux-Espinouse Massif of southern France was investigated using six microsatellite loci. The population was subdivided into home-range groups of females that corresponded to sociospatial units. Males segregated from females outside rut, but they were faithful to the unit where they were born during rut. Both sexes were philopatric. A test for population differentiation and F -statistics was used to show that the sociospatial units corresponded to genetically differentiated units ( F ST = 0.043, P < 0.01). Pairwise comparisons between sociospatial units indicated that the amount of genetic differentiation coincided with their geographic distribution. Unexpectedly, no deficiencies in heterozygosity were found in the units. Lack of inbreeding is not well understood, but mechanisms of avoidance of incest and philopatry of the mouflon as a spatial attachment rather than a social attachment to relatives are discussed.

Published
1997

54. Rousettus madagascariensis (Chiroptera: Pteropodidae) shows a preference for native and commercially unimportant fruits

Author

Paul A. Racey, Radosoa A. Andrianaivoarivelo, Eric J. Petit, Richard K. B. Jenkins, Olga Ramilijaona, Noromampiandra Razafindrakoto, Ecosystèmes, biodiversité, évolution [Rennes] (ECOBIO), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES), Faculty of Sciences, Department of Animal Biology, Université d'Antananarivo, Madagasikara Voakajy [Antananarivo, Madagascar], Durrell Institute of Conservation and Ecology, University of Kent [Canterbury], Centre for Ecology and Conservation, Exeter, University of Exeter, Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Centre for Ecology and Conservation

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, food.ingredient, Fruit bat, Syzygium jambos, engineering.material, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Preference, Pteropodidae, Choice experiment, food, Botany, Madagascar, Nature and Landscape Conservation, Flight cage, Ecology, biology, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, Flesh, Pulp (paper), Diospyros kaki, food and beverages, 15. Life on land, biology.organism_classification, Rousettus madagascariensis, Syzygium, engineering, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology
Abstract

International audience; Flight cage choice experiments carried out over 4 mo demonstrated that a Malagasy fruit bat, Rousettus madagascariensis G. Grandidier, 1928, prefers native or introduced fruit of no commercial value (Ficus polita, Syzygium jambos and S. malaccense) to commercially important fruits (Litchi chinensis and Diospyros kaki). We presented 10 fruit species to the bats: one native (F. polita) and the remainder introduced, 3 of which are commercially important. Most bats responded to fruit presented in a flight cage. Bats swallowed fruit juice and pulp and spat out the fibre of all fruit species provided except L. chinensis and Eugenia jambolana, the flesh of which was swallowed. Chemical composition was the most important determinant of selection by bats. Feeding preference was evidenced by large amounts of chewed pulp, repeated visits to the samefruits and more intensive feeding on lipid- and calcium-rich fruit species. Although commercially important fruit such as L. chinensis and D. kaki tended to have higher fructose content than other species, our results indicate that lipid and calcium content were more important in fruit selection. We suggest that maintaining natural food availability in humid forests and providing alternative sources of fruit (e.g. Syzygium spp.) may contribute to limiting the damage caused by R. madagascariensis to commercially important crops.

Published
2012

55. Social organization and genetic structure: insights from codistributed bat populations

Author

Stephen J, Rossiter, Akbar, Zubaid, Adura, Mohd-Adnan, Matthew J, Struebig, Thomas H, Kunz, Sucharita, Gopal, Eric J, Petit, and Tigga, Kingston

Subjects
Gene Flow, Sexual Behavior, Animal, Species Specificity, Chiroptera, Population, Animals, Ecological and Environmental Phenomena, Hierarchy, Social, Social Behavior, Ecosystem, Microsatellite Repeats
Abstract

The impact of ecology and social organization on genetic structure at landscape spatial scales, where gene dynamics shape evolution as well as determine susceptibility to habitat fragmentation, is poorly understood. Attempts to assess these effects must take into account the potentially confounding effects of history. We used microsatellites to compare genetic structure in seven bat species with contrasting patterns of roosting ecology and social organization, all of which are codistributed in an ancient forest habitat that has been exceptionally buffered from radical habitat shifts. Over one thousand individuals were captured at foraging sites and genotyped at polymorphic microsatellite loci. Analyses of spatially explicit genotype data revealed interspecies differences in the extent of movement and gene flow and genetic structure across continuous intact forest. Highest positive genetic structure was observed in tree-roosting taxa that roost either alone or in small groups. By comparison, a complete absence of genetic autocorrelation was noted in the cave-roosting colonial species across the study area. Our results thus reveal measurable interspecies differences in the natural limits of gene flow in an unmodified habitat, which we attribute to contrasting roosting ecology and social organization. The consequences of ecology and behaviour for gene flow have important implications for conservation. In particular, tree-roosting species characterized by lower vagility and thus gene flow will be disproportionally impacted by landscape-scale forest clearance and habitat fragmentation, which are prevalent in the study region. Our method also highlights the usefulness of rapid sampling of foraging bats for assaying genetic structure, particularly where roosting sites are not always known.

Published
2011

56. The evolution of sensory divergence in the context of limited gene flow in the bumblebee bat

Author

Iain Mackie, Eric J. Petit, Emma C. Teeling, Tin Nwe, Si Si Hla Bu, Meriadeg Ar Gouilh, Sébastien J. Puechmaille, Paul J. J. Bates, Medhi Yokubol, Piyathip Piyapan, Khin Mie Mie, Chutamas Satasook, Développement de l'enfant, University College Dublin [Dublin] (UCD), Center of Excellence for Vector and Vector-Borne Diseases, Faculty of Science Mahidol University at Salaya, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Prince of Songkla University (PSU), Zoology Department, Yangon University, Yangon University, Harrison Institute, Centre for Systematics and Biodiversity Research, Harrison Institute, Hinthada University, Aberdeen Centre for Environmental Sustainability, University of Aberdeen, Stratégies évolutives et Dynamique spatiale des Populations, Ecosystèmes, biodiversité, évolution [Rennes] (ECOBIO), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Station Biologique de Paimpont CNRS UMR 6653 (OSUR), Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES), Science Foundation Ireland (RFP GEN0056), Royal Irish Academy, Darwin Initiative (DEFRA), Royal Society International project, Thailande, Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Station Biologique de Paimpont CNRS UMR 6653 (OSUR), and Université de Rennes (UR)-Université de Rennes (UR)

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, echolocation, General Physics and Astronomy, Myanmar, Craseonycteris thonglongyai, 01 natural sciences, Gene flow, Chiroptera, Phylogeny, 0303 health sciences, Multidisciplinary, Natural selection, Ecology, natural selection, Thailand, Adaptation, Physiological, Biological Evolution, Phenotype, Gene Flow, Genetic Speciation, drive, Molecular Sequence Data, Allopatric speciation, Human echolocation, Context (language use), Biology, DNA, Mitochondrial, 010603 evolutionary biology, Article, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, 03 medical and health sciences, Genetic algorithm, Sensory ecology, Animals, Amino Acid Sequence, capture, 030304 developmental biology, Local adaptation, bee bat, Genetic Drift, Genetic Variation, Bayes Theorem, population structure, General Chemistry, DNA Fingerprinting, Genetics, Population, hybrid incompatibilities, speciation, Evolutionary biology, Multilocus genotype data, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Microsatellite Repeats
Abstract

The sensory drive theory of speciation predicts that populations of the same species inhabiting different environments can differ in sensory traits, and that this sensory difference can ultimately drive speciation. However, even in the best-known examples of sensory ecology driven speciation, it is uncertain whether the variation in sensory traits is the cause or the consequence of a reduction in levels of gene flow. Here we show strong genetic differentiation, no gene flow and large echolocation differences between the allopatric Myanmar and Thai populations of the world's smallest mammal, Craseonycteris thonglongyai, and suggest that geographic isolation most likely preceded sensory divergence. Within the geographically continuous Thai population, we show that geographic distance has a primary role in limiting gene flow rather than echolocation divergence. In line with sensory-driven speciation models, we suggest that in C. thonglongyai, limited gene flow creates the suitable conditions that favour the evolution of sensory divergence via local adaptation., Populations of the same species living in different habitats can differ in sensory traits driving speciation, but it is not known if this variation limits gene flow. Here, a genetic and acoustic study of the bumblebee bat suggests that geographic distance, instead of echolocation divergence, limits gene flow.

Published
2011

57. Parallel declines in species and genetic diversity in tropical forest fragments

Author

Matthew J, Struebig, Tigga, Kingston, Eric J, Petit, Steven C, Le Comber, Akbar, Zubaid, Adura, Mohd-Adnan, and Stephen J, Rossiter

Subjects
Tropical Climate, Social Isolation, Chiroptera, Population Dynamics, Animals, Biodiversity, Microsatellite Repeats, Trees
Abstract

The potential for parallel impacts of habitat change on multiple biodiversity levels has important conservation implications. We report on the first empirical test of the 'species-genetic diversity correlation' across co-distributed taxa with contrasting ecological traits in the context of habitat fragmentation. In a rainforest landscape undergoing conversion to oil palm, we show that depauperate species richness in fragments is mirrored by concomitant declines in population genetic diversity in the taxon predicted to be most susceptible to fragmentation. This association, not seen in the other species, relates to fragment area rather than isolation. While highlighting the over-simplification of extrapolating across taxa, we show that fragmentation presents a double jeopardy for some species. For these, conserving genetic diversity at levels of pristine forest could require sites 15-fold larger than those needed to safeguard species numbers. Importantly, however, each fragment contributes to regional species richness, with larger ones tending to contain more species.

Published
2011

58. Social learning of vocal structure in a nonhuman primate?

Author

Eric J. Petit, Karim Ouattara, Alban Lemasson, Klaus Zuberbühler, Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), Ministère de l'Education nationale, de l’Enseignement supérieur et de la Recherche (M.E.N.E.S.R.), Ethologie animale et humaine (EthoS), Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre Suisse de Recherches Scientifiques, Laboratoire de zoologie et biologie animale, Université de Cocody-Abidjan, Université de Cocody-Abidjan, Stratégies évolutives et Dynamique spatiale des Populations, Ecosystèmes, biodiversité, évolution [Rennes] (ECOBIO), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Station Biologique de Paimpont CNRS UMR 6653 (OSUR), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES), School of Psychology and Neuroscience [University of St. Andrews], University of St Andrews [Scotland], PICS, University of St Andrews. School of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of St Andrews. Institute of Behavioural and Neural Sciences, University of St Andrews. Centre for Social Learning & Cognitive Evolution, Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Université de Rennes (UR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Station Biologique de Paimpont CNRS UMR 6653 (OSUR), and Université de Rennes (UR)-Université de Rennes (UR)

Subjects
Calls, Primates, 0106 biological sciences, Cercopithecus-campbelli, Evolution, QH301 Biology, Zoology, Monkeys, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Produce, QH301, biology.animal, Similarity (psychology), Captive group, QH359-425, otorhinolaryngologic diseases, Animals, Humans, Learning, Speech, Attention, 0501 psychology and cognitive sciences, Primate, SDG 14 - Life Below Water, 050102 behavioral science & comparative psychology, Chimpanzees, Social Behavior, Control (linguistics), Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Vocalizations, Structure (mathematical logic), biology, Repertoire, 05 social sciences, Haplorhini, Social learning, Biological Evolution, Nonhuman primate, Evolutionary biology, Convergence (relationship), Vocalization, Animal, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Research Article
Abstract

Background Non-human primate communication is thought to be fundamentally different from human speech, mainly due to vast differences in vocal control. The lack of these abilities in non-human primates is especially striking if compared to some marine mammals and bird species, which has generated somewhat of an evolutionary conundrum. What are the biological roots and underlying evolutionary pressures of the human ability to voluntarily control sound production and learn the vocal utterances of others? One hypothesis is that this capacity has evolved gradually in humans from an ancestral stage that resembled the vocal behavior of modern primates. Support for this has come from studies that have documented limited vocal flexibility and convergence in different primate species, typically in calls used during social interactions. The mechanisms underlying these patterns, however, are currently unknown. Specifically, it has been difficult to rule out explanations based on genetic relatedness, suggesting that such vocal flexibility may not be the result of social learning. Results To address this point, we compared the degree of acoustic similarity of contact calls in free-ranging Campbell's monkeys as a function of their social bonds and genetic relatedness. We calculated three different indices to compare the similarities between the calls' frequency contours, the duration of grooming interactions and the microsatellite-based genetic relatedness between partners. We found a significantly positive relation between bond strength and acoustic similarity that was independent of genetic relatedness. Conclusion Genetic factors determine the general species-specific call repertoire of a primate species, while social factors can influence the fine structure of some the call types. The finding is in line with the more general hypothesis that human speech has evolved gradually from earlier primate-like vocal communication.

Published
2011

59. Cross-amplified polymorphic microsatellites for Campbell's monkey

Author

Klaus Zuberbühler, Alban Lemasson, Karim Ouattara, Dominique Vallet, Eric J. Petit, Biologie des organismes et des populations appliquées à la protection des plantes (BIO3P), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-AGROCAMPUS OUEST, Ecosystèmes, biodiversité, évolution [Rennes] (ECOBIO), Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre de Recherches en Psychologie Cognition et Communication (CRPCC EA 1285), Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-MEN : EA1285-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES), Université de Neuchâtel (UNINE), Ethologie, éVolution, Ecologie (EVE), Ethologie animale et humaine (EthoS), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), Ministère de l'Education nationale, de l’Enseignement supérieur et de la Recherche (M.E.N.E.S.R.), AGROCAMPUS OUEST, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Rennes (UR)-AGROCAMPUS OUEST, Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Université de Rennes (UR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), and Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Université de Rennes (UR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, Genetic Markers, Male, Population, Endangered species, Captivity, Zoology, Animals, Wild, Cercopithecus, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Cross-amplification, 03 medical and health sciences, symbols.namesake, Cercopithecus campbelli, Old World monkeys, Animals, education, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 030304 developmental biology, Genetics, 0303 health sciences, Genetic diversity, education.field_of_study, Polymorphism, Genetic, biology, Gene diversity, Microsatellite, DNA, 15. Life on land, biology.organism_classification, Guenon, Catarrhines, Mendelian inheritance, symbols, Animal Science and Zoology, Animals, Zoo, Female, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Microsatellite Repeats
Abstract

Population genetic analyses are of considerable importance for conservation strategies to protect endangered primates. We tested microsatellites of human origin with an aim to understand the genetic diversity of a West African forest guenon, Campbell’s monkey, Cercopithecus campbelli. Twelve markers amplified successfully, were polymorphic and were inherited in a Mendelian fashion in a group of 4 individuals kept in captivity. These 12 markers were further amplified from 35 faecal samples collected in Taï National Park. These samples proved to originate from 18 free-ranging monkeys and showed that the 12 markers we developed for this species are polymorphic and suitable for future population genetic and parentage analyses.

Published
2009

60. Sex-biased dispersal patterns depend on the spatial scale in a social rodent

Author

Eric J. Petit, Bertrand Gauffre, Vincent Bretagnolle, S. Brodier, Jean-François Cosson, Centre de Biologie pour la Gestion des Populations (UMR CBGP), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Stratégies évolutives et Dynamique spatiale des Populations, Ecosystèmes, biodiversité, évolution [Rennes] (ECOBIO), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Biologie des organismes et des populations appliquées à la protection des plantes (BIO3P), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-AGROCAMPUS OUEST, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AGROCAMPUS OUEST, Centre d'études biologiques de Chizé (CEBC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), AGROCAMPUS OUEST, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AGROCAMPUS OUEST, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Biologie des organismes et des populations appliquées à la protection des plantes (BIO3P), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Rennes (UR)-AGROCAMPUS OUEST-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AGROCAMPUS OUEST, Centre d'Études Biologiques de Chizé (CEBC), Centre de biologie et de gestion des populations, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Biologie des organismes et des populations appliquées à la protection des plantes (BIO3P), and Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-AGROCAMPUS OUEST-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AGROCAMPUS OUEST

Subjects
Male, 0106 biological sciences, Aging, Ecology (disciplines), [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, dispersal distances, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, Microtus arvalis, 03 medical and health sciences, Research articles, genetic analyses, Animals, female kin clusters, Social Behavior, Microtus, Demography, 030304 developmental biology, General Environmental Science, Sex Characteristics, 0303 health sciences, General Immunology and Microbiology, biology, Arvicolinae, Ecology, natal and breeding dispersal, General Medicine, biology.organism_classification, colonization, [SDE.ES]Environmental Sciences/Environmental and Society, Evolutionary biology, Genetic structure, Spatial ecology, Biological dispersal, Female, Mammal, Evolutionary ecology, Vole, France, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, General Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Abstract

Dispersal is a fundamental process in ecology because it influences the dynamics, genetic structure and persistence of populations. Furthermore, understanding the evolutionary causes of dispersal pattern, particularly when they differ between genders, is still a major question in evolutionary ecology. Using a panel of 10 microsatellite loci, we investigated at different spatial scales the genetic structure and the sex-specific dispersal patterns in the common vole Microtus arvalis , a small colonial mammal. This study was conducted in an intensive agricultural area of western France. Hierarchical F ST analyses, relatedness and assignment tests suggested (i) that females are strongly kin-clustered within colonies; (ii) that dispersal is strongly male-biased at a local scale; and (iii) long-distance dispersal is not rare and more balanced between genders. We conclude that males migrate continuously from colony to colony to reproduce, whereas females may disperse just once and would be mainly involved in new colony foundation.

Published
2009

61. Molecular estimation of dispersal for ecology and population genetics

Author

Thomas Broquet, Eric J. Petit, Département d'écologie et évolution [Lausanne] (DEE), Université de Lausanne (UNIL), Stratégies évolutives et Dynamique spatiale des Populations, Ecosystèmes, biodiversité, évolution [Rennes] (ECOBIO), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES), Université de Lausanne = University of Lausanne (UNIL), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), and Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, 0303 health sciences, Ecology, Seed dispersal, Ecology (disciplines), Population genetics, backward dispersal, Context (language use), Biology, Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Variety (cybernetics), Gene flow, 03 medical and health sciences, Biological dispersal, migration rate, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, gene flow, genetic inference, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, dispersal distance, 030304 developmental biology
Abstract

International audience; The dispersal process, by which individuals or other dispersing agents such as gametes or seeds move from birthplace to a new settlement locality, has important consequences for the dynamics of genes, individuals, and species. Many of the questions addressed by ecology and evolutionary biology require a good understanding of species' dispersal patterns. Much effort has thus been devoted to overcoming the difficulties associated with dispersal measurement. In this context, genetic tools have long been the focus of intensive research, providing a great variety of potential solutions to measuring dispersal. This methodological diversity is reviewed here to help (molecular) ecologists find their way toward dispersal inference and interpretation and to stimulate further developments.

Published
2009

62. A new 2CTAB/PCI method improves DNA amplification success from faeces of Mediterranean (Barbary macaques) and tropical (lowland gorillas) primates

Author

Dominique Vallet, Florence Levréro, Nelly Ménard, Eric J. Petit, Sylvain Gatti, Ecosystèmes, biodiversité, évolution [Rennes] (ECOBIO), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES), Stratégies évolutives et Dynamique spatiale des Populations, Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Ethologie animale et humaine (EthoS), Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Ministère de l'Environnement AGRECO-GEIE (DG Environnement, EU) Programme ECOFAC, Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), and Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Université de Rennes (UR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, Gorillas, Zoology, Gorilla, Population biology, [SDV.BID.SPT]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity/Systematics, Phylogenetics and taxonomy, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Macaque, Macaques, 03 medical and health sciences, Western lowland gorilla, biology.animal, Genetics, Primate, [SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment, DNA extraction, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Feces, 030304 developmental biology, Faeces, 0303 health sciences, biology, Inhibitors, Macaca sylvanus, biology.organism_classification, genomic DNA
Abstract

International audience; Animal genomic DNA extracts of sufficient quality to address questions about population biology or behavioural ecology can be obtained from faeces when adequate extraction procedures are used. The presence of PCR inhibitors in extract products appears generally the main factor limiting DNA amplification success. We compared DNA amplification success from faeces of a tropical primate (western lowland gorilla, Gorilla g. gorilla) and a Mediterranean primate (Barbary macaque, Macaca sylvanus) between a standardized extraction technique widely used in animals (QIAamp(R) stool kit), a technique mainly used in plant species (CTAB) and a new protocol (2CTAB/PCI). Amplification success varied from 51% to 97%, the highest success being reached with the 2CTAB/PCI protocol in both species.

Published
2008

63. Noninvasive population genetics: a review of sample source, diet, fragment length and microsatellite motif effects on amplification success and genotyping error rates

Author

Thomas Broquet, Eric J. Petit, Nelly Ménard, Briand, Valerie, Département d'écologie et évolution [Lausanne] (DEE), Université de Lausanne (UNIL), Ecosystèmes, biodiversité, évolution [Rennes] (ECOBIO), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES), Stratégies évolutives et Dynamique spatiale des Populations, Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Université de Lausanne = University of Lausanne (UNIL), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE)

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, Mitochondrial DNA, amplification success, Population genetics, Biology, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, 03 medical and health sciences, chemistry.chemical_compound, noninvasive, Genetics, allelic dropout, Allele, Genotyping, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, 030304 developmental biology, 0303 health sciences, Amplicon, genotyping errors, [SDE.BE] Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, chemistry, Genetic marker, Microsatellite, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, low DNA, DNA
Abstract

International audience; Noninvasive population genetics has found many applications in ecology and conservation biology. However, the technical difficulties inherent to the analysis of low quantities of DNA generally tend to limit the efficiency of this approach. The nature of samples and loci used in noninvasive population genetics are important factors that may help increasing the potential success of case studies. Here we reviewed the effects of the source of DNA (hair vs. faeces), the diet of focal species, the length of mitochondrial DNA fragments, and the length and repeat motif of nuclear microsatellite loci on genotyping success (amplification success and rate of allelic dropout). Locus-specific effects appeared to have the greatest impact, amplification success decreasing with both mitochondrial and microsatellite fragments' length, while error rates increase with amplicons' length. Dinucleotides showed best amplification success and lower error rates compared to longer repeat units. Genotyping success did not differ between hair- versus faeces-extracted DNA, and success in faeces-based analyses was not consistently influenced by the diet of focal species. While the great remaining variability among studies implies that other unidentified parameters are acting, results show that the careful choice of genetic markers may allow optimizing the success of noninvasive approaches.

Published
2007

64. Sex-biased dispersal in western lowland gorillas (Gorilla gorilla gorilla)

Author

Nelly Ménard, Florence Levréro, Mélanie Douadi, Dominique Vallet, Sylvain Gatti, Gaëtan Duhamel, Eric J. Petit, Magdalena Bermejo, Ethologie, éVolution, Ecologie (EVE), Ethologie animale et humaine (EthoS), Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Ecosystèmes, biodiversité, évolution [Rennes] (ECOBIO), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES), ECOFAC, Universidad de Barcelona, Stratégies évolutives et Dynamique spatiale des Populations, Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Université de Rennes (UR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Université de Rennes (UR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE)

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, media_common.quotation_subject, Population, Zoology, Gorilla, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, DNA, Mitochondrial, Competition (biology), 03 medical and health sciences, Sex Factors, biology.animal, Genetics, Animals, Humans, education, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, 030304 developmental biology, media_common, 0303 health sciences, education.field_of_study, Gorilla gorilla, biology, Behavior, Animal, Y chromosome, Ecology, mtDNA, Genetic Variation, Sequence Analysis, DNA, gorilla, numt, Haplotypes, sex-biased dispersal, Biological dispersal, Female, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, dispersal distance
Abstract

International audience; We explored two hypotheses related to potential differences between sexes in dispersal behaviour in western lowland gorillas (Gorilla gorilla gorilla). Direct observations suggest that immature females have more opportunities to move between breeding groups than immature males. The distribution of kin dyadic relationships within and between groups does not, however, support this hypothesis. At larger geographical scales, dispersal is likely to be easier for males than females because of the solitary phase most blackbacks experience before founding their own breeding group. However, previous work indicates that males settle preferentially close to male kin. By specifically tracing female and male lineages with mitochondrial and Y-chromosomal genetic markers, we found that male gorillas in the 6000 km(2) area we surveyed form a single population whereas females are restricted to the individual sites we sampled and do not freely move around this area. These differences are more correctly described as differences in dispersal distances, rather than differences in dispersal rates between sexes (both sexes emigrate from their natal group in this species). Differences in resource competition and dispersal costs between female and male gorillas are compatible with the observed pattern, but more work is needed to understand if these ultimate causes are responsible for sex-biased dispersal distances in western lowland gorillas.

Published
2007

65. Living in non-breeding groups : an alternative social strategy for maturing gorillas

Author

Nelly Ménard, Florence Levréro, Damien Caillaud, Eric J. Petit, Sylvain Gatti, Annie Gautier-Hion, Ecosystèmes, biodiversité, évolution [Rennes] (ECOBIO), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES), Stratégies évolutives et Dynamique spatiale des Populations, Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Institut des Sciences de l'Evolution de Montpellier (UMR ISEM), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR226-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Ethologie, éVolution, Ecologie (EVE), Ethologie animale et humaine (EthoS), Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Université de Rennes (UR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), and Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Université de Rennes (UR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, Male, relatedness, Offspring, Population, Population Dynamics, Gorilla, Hierarchy, Social, Breeding, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Western lowland gorilla, Sexual Behavior, Animal, western lowland gorilla, biology.animal, Juvenile, Animals, 0501 psychology and cognitive sciences, 050102 behavioral science & comparative psychology, education, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, education.field_of_study, Gorilla gorilla, biology, Ecology, 05 social sciences, nonbreeding groups, Pongidae, Age Factors, Inclusive fitness, dynamics, biology.organism_classification, Congo, Biological dispersal, Animal Science and Zoology, Animal Migration, Female, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Demography
Abstract

International audience; The one-male reproductive strategy implies that maturing males are temporarily excluded from reproduction. In gorillas, these excluded males live either solitarily or in nonbreeding groups (NBGs) that are devoid of adult females. The dynamics of NBGs are not well known. In this study, which was conducted on a gorilla population (Gorilla gorilla gorilla) of 377 individuals that visited the Lokoue clearing in the Republic of Congo, we detail how the NBGs formed, and analyze their dynamics according to age-sex classes, the relatedness of members, and the origin and destination of transferring individuals. We discuss the potential benefits gained by individuals living in these groups. The NBGs included mainly immature males, most of which appeared to have migrated voluntarily from their natal groups. Some individuals (including juvenile females) came from disbanded breeding groups (BGs). Migrants preferentially joined NBGs that included a silverback male. Their dispersal patterns were not determined by their degree of relatedness, but they tended to associate with related silverbacks. In this way, the migrants could enhance their protection against predators and gain experience with different environmental conditions. By tolerating and protecting offspring, aging silverbacks could enhance their inclusive fitness. Finally, young and healthy silverbacks could increase their likelihood of forming a future BG when unrelated females joined them.

Published
2006

66. Characterization of 14 polymorphic microsatellite loci for the lesser horseshoe bat, Rhinolophus hipposideros (Rhinolophidae, Chiroptera)

Author

Sébastien J. Puechmaille, Gregory Mathy, Eric J. Petit, Ethologie, éVolution, Ecologie (EVE), Ethologie animale et humaine (EthoS), Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Université de Rennes (UR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Université de Rennes (UR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), and Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, microsatellite, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Rhinolophus hipposideros, Horseshoe bat, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Biochemistry, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, Loss of heterozygosity, 03 medical and health sciences, Chiroptera, Multiplex polymerase chain reaction, 030304 developmental biology, Genetics, 0303 health sciences, Ecology, biology, multiplex PCR, biology.organism_classification, 3. Good health, Evolutionary biology, Polymorphic microsatellites, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Microsatellite
Abstract

International audience; Fourteen polymorphic microsatellites isolated in the lesser horseshoe bat, Rhinolophus hipposideros, are described. A subset of eight loci successfully coamplified in a multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and allowed to confirm that expected heterozygosity was relatively high for the eight loci (0.56 – 0.83). This set of eight microsatellites indeed permits to build genetic tags that distinguish all individuals in colonies consisting of up to more than 1000 individuals.

Published
2005

67. Landscape connectivity influences gene flow in a roe deer population inhabiting a fragmented landscape: an individual-based approach

Author

Eric J. Petit, Jean-Marc Angibault, Aurélie Coulon, Stéphane Aulagnier, A. J. M. Hewison, Maxime Galan, Nicolas Morellet, Jean-François Cosson, Bruno Cargnelutti, institut de recherches sur les grands mammifères, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Centre de Biologie pour la Gestion des Populations (UMR CBGP), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Ethologie, éVolution, Ecologie (EVE), Ethologie animale et humaine (EthoS), Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Unité de recherche Comportement et Ecologie de la Faune Sauvage (CEFS), Unité comportement et écologie de la faune sauvage, Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Université de Rennes (UR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), and Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Université de Rennes (UR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, Male, Genotype, FLUX DE GENE, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Population, Population Dynamics, Woodland, Environment, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Gene flow, 03 medical and health sciences, Sex Factors, Gene Frequency, CONNECTIVITY, DISPERSAL, biology.animal, Genetics, GENE FLOW, Animals, education, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, 030304 developmental biology, Isolation by distance, 0303 health sciences, education.field_of_study, Habitat fragmentation, BIOLOGIE DES POPULATIONS, biology, Geography, Models, Genetic, Ecology, Deer, ISOLATION BY DISTANCE, 15. Life on land, Roe deer, Genetics, Population, HABITAT FRAGMENTATION, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Biological dispersal, Female, France, Landscape connectivity, Microsatellite Repeats
Abstract

International audience; Changes in agricultural practices and forest fragmentation can have a dramatic effect on landscape connectivity and the dispersal of animals, potentially reducing gene flow within populations. In this study, we assessed the influence of woodland connectivity on gene flow in a traditionally forest-dwelling species--the European roe deer--in a fragmented landscape. From a sample of 648 roe deer spatially referenced within a study area of 55 x 40 km, interindividual genetic distances were calculated from genotypes at 12 polymorphic microsatellite loci. We calculated two geographical distances between each pair of individuals: the Euclidean distance (straight line) and the 'least cost distance' (the trajectory that maximizes the use of wooded corridors). We tested the correlation between genetic pairwise distances and the two types of geographical pairwise distance using Mantel tests. The correlation was better using the least cost distance, which takes into account the distribution of wooded patches, especially for females (the correlation was stronger but not significant for males). These results suggest that in a fragmented woodland area roe deer dispersal is strongly linked to wooded structures and hence that gene flow within the roe deer population is influenced by the connectivity of the landscape.

Published
2004

68. Estimating sex-specific dispersal rates with autosomal markers in hierarchically structured populations

Author

Pierre Fontanillas, Nicolas Perrin, Eric J. Petit, Institute of Ecology, Université de Lausanne = University of Lausanne (UNIL), Ethologie, éVolution, Ecologie (EVE), Ethologie animale et humaine (EthoS), Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Université de Rennes (UR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Université de Rennes (UR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Lausanne (UNIL), Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), and Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, Male, Animals, Female, Genetics, Population, Microsatellite Repeats/genetics, Models, Biological, Movement/physiology, Population Dynamics, Selection, Genetic, Sex Factors, Shrews/physiology, Switzerland, Crocidura russula, media_common.quotation_subject, Movement, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Biology, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, local competition, Competition (biology), 03 medical and health sciences, variance analysis, Genetics, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, media_common, 030304 developmental biology, 0303 health sciences, individual-based models, Ecology, Shrews, F-statistics, biology.organism_classification, Sex specific, coancestry, Evolutionary biology, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Spatial ecology, Biological dispersal, Microsatellite, General Agricultural and Biological Sciences, Inbreeding, Microsatellite Repeats
Abstract

International audience; A recent study suggests that sex-specific dispersal rates can be quantitatively estimated on the basis of sex- and state-specific (pre- vs. postdispersal) F-statistics. In the present paper, we extend this approach to account for the hierarchical structure of natural populations, and we validate it through individual-based simulations. The model is applied to an empirical data set consisting of 536 individuals (males, females, and predispersal juveniles) of greater white-toothed shrews (Crocidura russula), sampled according to a hierarchical design and typed for seven autosomal microsatellite loci. From this dataset, dispersal is significantly female biased at the local scale (breeding-group level), but not at the larger scale (among local populations). We argue that selective pressures on dispersal are likely to depend on the spatial scale considered, and that short-distance dispersal should mainly respond to kin interactions (inbreeding or kin competition avoidance), which exert differential pressure on males and females.

Published
2004

69. Inbreeding in the greater white-toothed shrew, Crocidura russula

Author

L. C. Duarte, Nicolas Perrin, C. Bouteiller, Pierre Fontanillas, Eric J. Petit, Institute of Ecology, Université de Lausanne (UNIL), Ethologie, éVolution, Ecologie (EVE), Ethologie animale et humaine (EthoS), Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Lausanne = University of Lausanne (UNIL), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Université de Rennes (UR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), and Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Université de Rennes (UR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, Male, Heterozygote, Kin recognition, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Crocidura russula, Population, Animals, Wild, Environment, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Sex-biased dispersal, 03 medical and health sciences, Sexual Behavior, Animal, Genetics, Inbreeding depression, Inbreeding avoidance, Animals, Inbreeding, mate choice, education, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Crosses, Genetic, 030304 developmental biology, kin recognition, 0303 health sciences, education.field_of_study, Sex Characteristics, biology, Reproduction, Shrews, F-statistics, biology.organism_classification, Europe, Evolutionary biology, Female, Reproduction/genetics, Shrews/genetics, Biological dispersal, General Agricultural and Biological Sciences, inbreeding depression
Abstract

International audience; We combined mark-and-recapture studies with genetic techniques of parentage assignment to evaluate the interactions between mating, dispersal, and inbreeding, in a free-ranging population of Crocidura russula. We found a pattern of limited and female-biased dispersal, followed by random mating within individual neighborhoods. This results in significant inbreeding at the population level: mating among relatives occurs more often than random, and FIT analyses reveal significant deficits in heterozygotes. However, related mating partners were not less fecund, and inbred offspring had no lower lifetime reproductive output. Power analyses show these negative results to be quite robust. Absence of phenotypic evidence of inbreeding depression might result from a history of purging: local populations are small and undergo disequilibrium gene dynamics. Dispersal is likely caused by local saturation and (re)colonization of empty breeding sites, rather than inbreeding avoidance.

Published
2003

70. Cytochrome b haplotype divergences in West European Apodemus

Author

Eric J. Petit, Harald Brünner, Brigitte A. Reutter, Peter Vogel, Université de Lausanne (UNIL), Ethologie, éVolution, Ecologie (EVE), Ethologie animale et humaine (EthoS), Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Lausanne = University of Lausanne (UNIL), Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Université de Rennes (UR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), and Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Université de Rennes (UR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, 0303 health sciences, Mitochondrial DNA, Apodemus fulvipectus, Apodemus sylvaticus, Cytochrome b, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Haplotype, Zoology, Biology, biology.organism_classification, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Intraspecific competition, 03 medical and health sciences, cytochrome b, Animal ecology, GenBank, Molecular phylogenetics, Apodemus, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Animal Science and Zoology, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, molecular phylogeny, 030304 developmental biology
Abstract

International audience; Sequencing of the cytochrome b mitochondrial gene (732 base pairs) in samples of Apodemus sylvaticus from Central Europe (eastern France, Switzerland, southern Germany and western Austria) revealed significant molecular variation not reflected in previous morphological and genetic studies of this species. A comparison with the sequences (150 bp) of 54 specimens available from GenBank (NCBI) showed that two problematic individuals originating from southern Germany have to be assigned to A. fulvipectus, a species not yet known in western Europe. A. sylvaticus specimens (n = 14) sampled north of the Alps exhibited a maximum intraspecific sequence divergence of about 5.1%, whereas the maximum divergence is much lower in A. flavicollis (1%, n = 5) and in A. alpicola (0.5%, n = 4), although the samples originate from a similar geographic range of about 350 km. We also found a high rate of erroneously assigned specimens in GenBank, which indicates that the discrimination of Apodemus species remains a problem and requires further investigations.

Published
2003

71. Extreme sex-biased dispersal in the communally breeding, nonmigratory Bechstein's bat (Myotis bechsteinii)

Author

Frieder Mayer, Gerald Kerth, Eric J. Petit, University of Zurich, and Kerth, G

Subjects
Male, Mitochondrial DNA, Population, Breeding, Biology, DNA, Mitochondrial, Sexual Behavior, Animal, 10127 Institute of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, Sex Factors, 1311 Genetics, Chiroptera, Genetics, Animals, Inbreeding avoidance, education, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, education.field_of_study, Genetics, Population, 1105 Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Evolutionary biology, Genetic structure, Biological dispersal, Microsatellite, 570 Life sciences, biology, 590 Animals (Zoology), Female, Philopatry, Inbreeding, Microsatellite Repeats
Abstract

Maternity colonies of the communally breeding, nonmigratory Bechstein's bat consist of closely related females that live together with unrelated females, and average colony relatedness is low despite the absence of immigration. We compared the genetic structure of both nuclear and mitochondrial microsatellites in order to quantify sex-specific dispersal rates. More specifically, we aimed at testing whether male dispersal is able to balance the genetic effect of strong (absolute) female philopatry. Absolute female philopatry, indicated by an extreme mitochondrial DNA population differentiation of 96%, was indeed opposed by strong (possibly complete) male dispersal. Based on our knowledge of the biology of Myotis bechsteinii, we conclude that inbreeding avoidance is likely to be the crucial factor driving male dispersal in this species.

Published
2002

72. Mammalian population genetics: why not Y?

Author

Francois Balloux, Eric J. Petit, Laurent Excoffier, Ethologie, éVolution, Ecologie (EVE), Ethologie animale et humaine (EthoS), Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of Edinburgh, Zoological Institute - Conservation Biology, University of Bern, Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Université de Rennes (UR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), and Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Université de Rennes (UR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, microsatellite, Evolution, Ecology (disciplines), [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Population, Population genetics, SNP, mammal, Biology, Y chromosome, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, 03 medical and health sciences, Genetics, education, dispersal, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, 030304 developmental biology, 0303 health sciences, education.field_of_study, [SDV.GEN]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Genetics, Ecology, [SDV.BA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Animal biology, Haplotype, population genetics, breeding system, Human genetics, Evolutionary biology, Biological dispersal, Heterogametic sex
Abstract

International audience; Studying the population genetics of the Y chromosome is the most simple and direct way to gain independent information on male-specific historic and contemporary evolutionary processes. Y-chromosomal polymorphisms can now be accessed thanks to recent developments in cytogenetic technologies, thus allowing the direct study of male population genetics. More interestingly, because males are the heterogametic sex in mammals, the use of both Y-specific and mitochondrial polymorphisms with autosomal loci offers a unique opportunity to infer sex-specific population parameters and to explore crucial aspects of both breeding systems and dispersal strategies.

Published
2002

73. A population genetic analysis of migration: the case of the noctule bat (Nyctalus noctula)

Author

Eric J. Petit and Frieder Mayer

Subjects
Mitochondrial DNA, Nyctalus noctula, Population, Molecular Sequence Data, Population genetics, Zoology, Genetic analysis, DNA, Mitochondrial, Hibernaculum, Chiroptera, Hibernation, Genetics, Animals, Europe, Eastern, Mating, education, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, education.field_of_study, biology, Base Sequence, Haplotype, biology.organism_classification, Europe, Genetics, Population, Haplotypes, Female, Seasons, human activities
Abstract

Although rarely assessed, the population genetics of hibernating colonies can help to understand some aspects of population structure, even when samples from nursery or mating colonies are not available, or in studies of migration when both types of samples are available and can be compared. Here we illustrate both points in a survey of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) control region sequences used to study the population genetics of hibernating colonies of a migrating species, the noctule bat (Nyctalus noctula). Lacking samples from Scandinavian nursery colonies, we use a North European hibernacula to suggest that Scandinavian populations are isolated from Central and East European colonies. Then, we compare genetic diversities of nursery and hibernating colonies. We find a significantly higher haplotype diversity in hibernacula, confirming that they consist of individuals from different nursery colonies. Finally, we show that pairwise comparisons of the haplotype frequencies of nursery and hibernating colonies contain some information on the migration direction of the noctule bat.

Published
2000

74. How Ebola Impacts Genetics of Western Lowland Gorilla Populations

Author

Sylvain Gatti, Eric J. Petit, Florence Levréro, Dominique Vallet, Laetitia David, Magdalena Bermejo, Pascaline Le Gouar, Nelly Ménard, Ecosystèmes, biodiversité, évolution [Rennes] (ECOBIO), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES), ECOFAC, Universidad de Barcelona, Stratégies évolutives et Dynamique spatiale des Populations, Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), ECOFOR program Especes-Phares program, Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE)

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, Conservation genetics, lcsh:Medicine, Public Health and Epidemiology/Infectious Diseases, Population genetics, Gorilla, DIVERISTE GENETIQUE, 01 natural sciences, Linkage Disequilibrium, Gene Frequency, maladie infectieuse, lcsh:Science, Genetics, 0303 health sciences, education.field_of_study, Multidisciplinary, Geography, biology, santé animale, Ecology, afrique, santé humaine, Ecology/Population Ecology, Congo, GENETIC DIVERSITY, Conservation biology, Research Article, Genetic Markers, épizootie, Population, EBOLA, virus, GORILLA, EPIZOOTIC, GENETIQUE, GORILLE, 010603 evolutionary biology, 03 medical and health sciences, Western lowland gorilla, Bias, Genetic drift, Ecology/Conservation and Restoration Ecology, biology.animal, Genetics and Genomics/Population Genetics, Confidence Intervals, Animals, Selection, Genetic, education, Ecosystem, 030304 developmental biology, Genetic diversity, Gorilla gorilla, Polymorphism, Genetic, lcsh:R, Hemorrhagic Fever, Ebola, 15. Life on land, biology.organism_classification, Genetics, Population, Genetic Loci, Sample Size, lcsh:Q, Animal Migration, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology
Abstract

12 pages; International audience; Background: Emerging infectious diseases in wildlife are major threats for both human health and biodiversity conservation. Infectious diseases can have serious consequences for the genetic diversity of populations, which could enhance the species' extinction probability. The Ebola epizootic in western and central Africa induced more than 90% mortality in Western lowland gorilla population. Although mortality rates are very high, the impacts of Ebola on genetic diversity of Western lowland gorilla have never been assessed. Methodology/Principal Findings: We carried out long term studies of three populations of Western lowland gorilla in the Republic of the Congo (Odzala-Kokoua National Park, Lossi gorilla sanctuary both affected by Ebola and Lossi's periphery not affected). Using 17 microsatellite loci, we compared genetic diversity and structure of the populations and estimate their effective size before and after Ebola outbreaks. Despite the effective size decline in both populations, we did not detect loss in genetic diversity after the epizootic. We revealed temporal changes in allele frequencies in the smallest population. Conclusions/Significance: Immigration and short time elapsed since outbreaks could explain the conservation of genetic diversity after the demographic crash. Temporal changes in allele frequencies could not be explained by genetic drift or random sampling. Immigration from genetically differentiated populations and a non random mortality induced by Ebola, i.e., selective pressure and cost of sociality, are alternative hypotheses. Understanding the influence of Ebola on gorilla genetic dynamics is of paramount importance for human health, primate evolution and conservation biology.

Published
2009

75. Male dispersal in the noctule bat (Nyctalus noctula): where are the limits?

Author

Frieder Mayer and Eric J. Petit

Subjects
Male, Nyctalus noctula, Population, Population genetics, Zoology, DNA, Mitochondrial, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, Gene flow, Homing Behavior, Chiroptera, Genetic variation, Animals, education, General Environmental Science, Isolation by distance, Panmixia, education.field_of_study, Polymorphism, Genetic, General Immunology and Microbiology, biology, Ecology, Genetic Variation, General Medicine, biology.organism_classification, Europe, Biological dispersal, General Agricultural and Biological Sciences, Research Article, Microsatellite Repeats
Abstract

Studying the dispersal behaviour of small, volant, and nocturnal animals such as microchiropterans with direct methods (banding--recapture, telemetry) is a very difficult task. The development of easily scorable and highly variable genetic markers nowadays allows us to study some aspects of dispersal indirectly, using population genetics. Here, we applied these indirect methods to characterize male dispersal behaviour in a European bat species. The eight microsatellite loci analysed were highly variable in all the nursing colonies assessed (h = 0.63-0.93). Contrary to what we found in the mtDNA, an AMOVA and F-statistics showed that the overall European population structure of the noctule bat was very weak, indicating a high male dispersal rate. Nevertheless, the population was not totally panmictic (theta = 0.006, p < 0.001), and neither isolation by distance, nor influence of migration could account for this result. Rather, an analysis of pairwise theta-values showed that the population structure might be explained partly by a geographical barrier to gene flow (the Alps), and partly by the fact that there is some limit to the distance the males can disperse.

76. No evidence of bottleneck in the postglacial recolonization of Europe by the noctule bat (Nyctalus noctula)

Author

Laurent Excoffier, Eric J. Petit, and Frieder Mayer

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, 0301 basic medicine, Nyctalus noctula, Mutation rate, Pleistocene, Range (biology), Zoology, Biology, Population structure, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Bottleneck, 03 medical and health sciences, Control region, Genetics, Younger Dryas, Genetic variability, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, ddc:599.9, Ecology, Haplotype, Last Glacial Maximum, biology.organism_classification, Mitochondiral DNA, 030104 developmental biology, ND1, General Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Abstract

During the Pleistocene, the habitat of the noctule bat (Nyctalus noctula) was limited to small refuge areas located in Southern Europe, whereas the species is now widespread across this continent. Using mtDNA (control region and ND1 gene) polymorphisms, we asked whether this recolonization occurred through bottlenecks and whether it was accompanied by population growth. Sequences of the second hypervariable domain of the control region were obtained from 364 noctule bats representing 18 colonies sampled across Europe. This yielded 108 haplotypes that were depicted on a minimum spanning tree that showed a starlike structure with two long branches. Additional sequences obtained from the ND1 gene confirmed that the different parts of the MST correspond to three clades which diverged before the Last Glacial Maximum (18,000 yrC¹⁴ BP), leading to the conclusion that the noctule bat survived in several isolated refugia. Partitioning populations into coherent geographical groups divided our samples (φCT = 0.17; P = 0.01) into a group of highly variable nursing colonies from central and eastern Europe and less variable, isolated colonies from western and southern Europe. Demographic analyses suggest that populations of the former group underwent demographic expansions either after the Younger Dryas (11,000–10,000 yrC¹⁴ BP), assuming a fast mutation rate for HV II, or during the Pleistocene, assuming a conventional mutation rate. We discuss the fact that the high genetic variability (h = 0.69–0.96; π = 0.006–0.013) observed in nursing colonies that are located some distance from potential Pleistocene refugia is probably due to the combined effect of rapid evolution of the control region in growing populations and a range shift of noctule populations parallel to the recovery of forests in Europe after the last glaciations.

77. Complementarity and discriminatory power of genotype and otolith shape in describing the fine-scale population structure of an exploited fish, the common sole of the Eastern English Channel.

Author

Marine Randon, Olivier Le Pape, Bruno Ernande, Kélig Mahé, Filip A M Volckaert, Eric J Petit, Gilles Lassalle, Thomas Le Berre, and Elodie Réveillac

Subjects
Medicine, Science
Abstract

Marine organisms show population structure at a relatively fine spatial scale, even in open habitats. The tools commonly used to assess subtle patterns of connectivity have diverse levels of resolution and can complement each other to inform on population structure. We assessed and compared the discriminatory power of genetic markers and otolith shape to reveal the population structure on evolutionary and ecological time scales of the common sole (Solea solea), living in the Eastern English Channel (EEC) stock off France and the UK. First, we genotyped fish with Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms to assess population structure at an evolutionary scale. Then, we tested for spatial segregation of the subunits using otolith shape as an integrative tracer of life history. Finally, a supervised machine learning framework was applied to genotypes and otolith phenotypes to probabilistically assign adults to subunits and assess the discriminatory power of each approach. Low but significant genetic differentiation was found among subunits. Moreover, otolith shape appeared to vary spatially, suggesting spatial population structure at fine spatial scale. However, results of the supervised discriminant analyses failed to discriminate among subunits, especially for otolith shape. We suggest that the degree of population segregation may not be strong enough to allow for robust fish assignments. Finally, this study revealed a weak yet existing metapopulation structure of common sole at the fine spatial scale of the EEC based on genotypes and otolith shape, with one subunit being more isolated. Our study argues for the use of complementary tracers to investigate marine population structure.

Published
2020
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78. Ecologie et population de Rousettus madagascariensis G. Grandidier, 1928 (Pteropodidae)

Author

Andrianaivoarivelo, Radosoa A., Ecosystèmes, biodiversité, évolution [Rennes] (ECOBIO), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES), Biologie Animale, Antananarivo, Université d'Antananarivo, Université Rennes 1, Eric J. PETIT(eric.petit@univ-rennes1.fr), and Université de Antananarivo (Madagascar)

Subjects
Morphology, Génétique moléculaire, Espèces endémiques, Climate, Climat, Endemic species, Molecular genetics, Deforestation, Dispersion, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Morphologie, Fruits
Abstract

Forest habitat loss and associated changes in floristic composition are the major threats to the Malagasy terrestrial biodiversity. These processes are responsible for the decline of numerous species. However, for the vast majority of taxa, the mechanisms triggering these declines are poorly understood. Using the Malagasy rousette (Rousettus madagascariensis) as our model organism, we examine different genetic and ecological aspects of how this animal lives in natural habitats and copes with human modified landscapes of different physical and bioclimatic characteristics. This endemic species has a broad distribution, and appears to play a role in the regeneration of native forest. Through radio telemetry, faecal sample analysis, molecular genetics, and morphometric data, we were able to understand different aspects of the life-history traits and dispersal patterns of this taxon. Observations of wild animal placed in flight cages provided important inference on its feeding preferences between native and introduced plants, with economic value. Results indicate that R. madagascariensis i) uses both : the forest and human modified habitats while foraging; ii) it has a feeding preference for fruits of forest and pioneers species, as compared to plants of commercial importance; iii) it shows weak genetic structure, which is not associated with geographical distance; iv) and morphological variation that correlates with clines in altitude and latitude.; La perte d'habitat et la déforestation sont les principales menaces qui pèsent sur la biodiversité Malgache. Ces processus sont responsables du déclin d'un nombre important d'espèces. Cependant, les mécanismes de ce déclin ne sont pas encore complètement élucidés. En utilisant la roussette malgache (Rousettus madagascariensis) comme un modèle d'organisme, nous nous sommes attachés à étudier les réponses écologiques et génétiques de cette espèce dans des paysages naturels et des paysages modifiés par l'homme et présentant divers types de caractères physico-climatiques à Madagascar. Ayant une large distribution, cette espèce est endémique à Madagascar et assure potentiellement un rôle important dans la régénération naturelle des forêts malgaches. A partir de l'utilisation de la radio télémétrie, d'analyses des matières fécales, d'études moléculaires et de mesures morphométriques nous avons pu examiner le mode de dispersion et l'écologie de cette espèce. L'observation des animaux en volière a fourni des informations importantes sur son choix alimentaire entre plantes autochtones et celles à valeur économique. Dans cette étude, nous avons ainsi mis en évidence : i) que Rousettus madagascariensis utilise les habitats forestiers et ceux modifiés par l'homme pour s'alimenter ; ii) qu'elle a une préférence plus marquée envers les espèces forestières et pionnières qu'envers celles d'importance commerciale ; iii) qu'elle présente une faible mais significative structuration génétique ; iv) mais une variation morphométrique, qui est dépendante de la latitude et de l'altitude.

Published
2012

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