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In this study, it was aimed to determine the relationship between physical activity and intuitive eating (IE) and mindful eating (ME) in university students. The "International Physical Activity Short Form", "Mindful Eating Test (MET)" and "Intuitive Eating Scale (IES)" were applied by questioning the demographic characteristics, anthropometric measurements, health information and nutritional habits of 255 university students studying in Health and Sports sciences. Among the students whose mean age is 20.34±2.06, 86.7% of the students who are in health science are female, and 67.7% of them, who are in sports sciences are male (p<0.05). Students (51.4%) with normal Body Mass Index (BMI) consume three main meals and go on a diet for aesthetic reasons. Eating discipline (ED), emotional eating (EE), and intuitive eating total (IET) scores are higher in females, while control of eating (EC) scores are higher in males (p<0.05). Intuitive eating total score, reliance on hunger and satiety cues (RHSC), unconditional permission to eat (UPE) and EC cores are positively related to BMI. Students who are physically inactive have higher IET score, RHSC, body-food choice congruence, focusing and ED, and those who do adequate physical activity have higher eating control scores (p<0.05). Mindful eating total score and sub-dimensions are positively correlated with the score of all sub-dimensions except UPE, which is one of the sub-dimensions of IE (p<0.05). In addition, as the UPE score increases, the total scores of disinhibitions, ED, focusing, interference, EE, and ME decrease (p<0.05). In conclusion, ME and IE are positively related to each other. It is understood that adequate and balanced nutrition along with being physically active at the same time is quite important for younger individuals to be healthier. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Negative emotional states (NES; i.e., depression, anxiety and stress) are likely contributors to the development of food addiction (FA). The association between NES and FA symptoms may be mediated by altered eating behaviors or by eating-to-cope motives. This study examined, in a sample of Argentinean young adults, the association between NES and FA symptoms via eating-to-cope motives and three patterns of eating behaviors. We also examined whether the model was invariant across college status. The transition from high school to college is usually associated with increased exposure to stress, which promotes the probability of engaging in altered eating behaviors. A sample of 499 Argentinean young adults (mean age = 24.9 ± 3.51 years) completed a survey that assessed FA symptoms, eating behaviors (i.e., uncontrolled, emotional, and restrained eating), eating-to-cope motives and NES. A path analysis tested the indirect association between NES and FA symptoms via uncontrolled, emotional or restrained eating, or by eating-to-cope. Stress and depression symptoms were indirectly associated with FA symptoms via uncontrolled eating and eating-to-cope motives. The model was invariant across college status. The findings suggest that NES are associated with FA symptoms by increasing uncontrolled eating and eating-to-cope motives. Young adults exhibiting greater depressive or stress symptoms, higher eating-to-cope, or higher uncontrolled eating may be at risk for FA. Future research should examine the significance of this pattern by tailoring interventions to these characteristics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Vegetarianism is commonly associated with various health benefits. However, the association between this dietary regimen and aspects of mental health remains ambiguous. This study compared the symptoms of depression and anxiety, emotional eating (EmE), and body mass index (BMI) in Peruvian vegetarian and non-vegetarian adults. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 768 Peruvian adults, of whom 284 (37%) were vegetarians and 484 (63%) were non-vegetarians. The Depression Patient Health Questionnaire-2 (PHQ-2), Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale-2 (GAD-2), and an EmE questionnaire were applied; additionally, the BMI was calculated. Simple and multiple linear regression and Poisson regression models with robust variance were used to evaluate the association between depression, anxiety, EmE, and BMI with dietary patterns. Results: The vegetarians (Adjusted Prevalence Ratio [PR] = 0.24, 95% CI 0.16–0.31; p < 0.001) reported more depressive symptoms than the non-vegetarians. This trend persisted for anxiety, with an adjusted PR of 0.17 (95% CI: 0.01–0.29; p = 0.012). However, the vegetarians (adjusted PR = −0.38, 95% CI: −0.61–−0.14; p < 0.001) reported lower EmE scores compared to the non-vegetarians. Likewise, the vegetarians had a lower mean BMI than the non-vegetarians (B = −0.16, 95% CI: −0.21–−0.08; p < 0.001). Conclusions: Vegetarian diets are associated with increased symptoms of depression and anxiety, as well as lower EmE and BMI scores. Further longitudinal studies are needed to elucidate these associations and determine causality and the underlying mechanisms involved. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Health behaviors include behavioral patterns and habits that relate to health maintenance, restoration and improvement. They do not only affect the physical condition; they are also associated with life satisfaction. In our study, we focused on young adulthood, a specific lifespan period for establishing long-term health behavior patterns. The aim of the present study was to investigate depressive symptoms, lifestyle and eating behaviors and delineate their associations with overweight/obesity and body, health and life satisfaction in young adults in Poland. We enrolled 800 students (81.4% females and 18.6% males). Diet, physical activity, depressive symptoms, eating behaviors and body, health and life satisfaction were assessed. Multivariate logistic regression models were employed. Almost half of the participants in our study had at least mild symptoms of depression. Symptoms of depression significantly reduced the odds of satisfaction with body, health and life, whereas physical activity increased them. Overweight/obesity significantly reduced the odds of body and health satisfaction. In women, a history of depression and emotional eating increased the odds of being overweight/obese. The results of our study may contribute to the development of educational programs and intervention strategies for young adults. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Emotional dysregulation is a key transdiagnostic dimension of several clinical conditions, including eating disorders (EDs) and gender dysphoria (GD). Not only is there frequent comorbidity between EDs and GD, but GD individuals also commonly experience ED symptoms and body-image disturbances. However, more research is needed to understand how specific body-related experiences may differently interact with difficulties in emotion regulation and dysfunctional eating behaviors in EDs and GD. Thus, the present study aimed at exploring potential associations between emotional dysregulation and ED symptomatology in individuals diagnosed with anorexia nervosa (AN), bulimia nervosa (BN), or gender dysphoria (GD), also considering the mediating role of specific dimensions of body uneasiness. A national sample of N = 96 help-seekers assigned female at birth (n = 32 with AN, n = 32 with BN, n = 32 with GD) was recruited from two specialized care centers. Participants completed the Eating Disorder Inventory-3 (EDI-3) and the Body Uneasiness Test (BUT), while the Shedler-Westen Assessment Procedure–200 (SWAP-200) was used to evaluate emotional dysregulation. Findings showed that several body uneasiness dimensions mediated the relationship between emotional dysregulation and ED symptoms, in both AN-BN and GD participants. In GD individuals, body avoidance emerged as a significant mediator of the relationship between emotional dysregulation and ED symptoms, whereas in both AN-BN patients and GD individuals, depersonalization toward the body emerged as a significant mediator. The results suggest that the interplay between emotional dysregulation, body uneasiness, and ED symptoms may be crucial for the development of comprehensive and tailored prevention strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

AbstractAimsMethodsResultsConclusionExcessive weight gain has led to increased obesity and mortality risk among college students. Issues with maintaining a healthy weight may be attributed to poor internal awareness and unhealthy eating behaviors. The study’s purpose was to determine the longitudinal effects among interoception, self-regulation, nonpurposeful eating behaviors, and weight status (BMI) among college women.Data from 103 females were collected via Qualtrics over 3 timepoints (T1, T2, T3) during an academic semester. Repeated measures ANOVA and cross-lagged model analyses were used. Significant changes were found in interoceptive responsiveness, external, and uncontrolled eating throughout 3 timepoints.Longitudinally, significant causal effects were found among the study measures. Among all models, higher interoceptive responsiveness (T1) predicted increased self-regulation (T2). Higher non-purposeful eating behaviors (T1) predicted reduced self-regulation (T2). Higher BMI (T1) predicted reduced non-purposeful eating behaviors (T2), however higher BMI (T2) predicted increased non-purposeful eating (T3) and reduced interoceptive responsiveness (T3). Significant causal effects were found within each non-purposeful eating behavior models.Overall, the research study provided foundational evidence of the importance of self-regulatory skills to help prevent unhealthy eating behaviors and increased weight status in college women. Future interventions educating college women to become more internally aware and better self-regulate are needed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background Black young adult women (ages 18–35) are at disproportionate risk for obesity and emotional eating. Emotional eating interventions target psychological flexibility, such as reducing experiential avoidance and increasing acceptance of food-related thoughts. Yet Black women face gendered racism, and some endorse roles that reduce psychological flexibility, such as the superwoman schema role. Culturally centered stress and coping has often been overlooked, leading to an incomplete understanding of processes that engender emotional eating and the implications for appropriate and effective interventions for Black young adult women. Purpose We investigated direct and indirect pathways of associations between stress from gendered racial microaggressions to emotional eating through the endorsement of superwoman schema and two aspects of psychological flexibility. Methods Black young adult women (N = 504; M age = 24.72; 75.2% African American; 98.4% cisgender) participated in an online survey wherein they reported demographics, stress from gendered racial microaggressions, superwoman schema, experiential avoidance, acceptance of food-related thoughts, and emotional eating. Path analysis was conducted to examine direct and indirect effects. Results Results provided evidence for indirect associations between more stress from gendered racial microaggressions and more emotional eating. More stress was associated with greater endorsement of the superwoman schema which was associated with more experiential avoidance and less acceptance of food-related thoughts, which were each associated with more emotional eating. Conclusions Endorsement of superwoman schema and concomitant avoidance and less acceptance may be one way that gendered racial stress propels emotional eating. Future research could test intervention components that disrupt this path. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: There are no validated instruments in Spain for measuring parental feeding styles. The aim was to validate the Parental Feeding Styles Questionnaires (PFSQ) in a Spanish sample. Method: A total of 523 mothers of 523 school-children participated. The children had a mean age of 4.4 years (SD = 1.3), with 51% being boys (M = 4.3 years, SD = 1.4) and 49% girls (M = 4.5 years, SD = 1.3). The PFSQ and the Comprehensive General Parenting Styles Questionnaire (CGPQ) were used. Results: A model of four correlated factors was identified: Prompting/encouraging eating, emotional feeding, instrumental feeding, and control over eating. Cronbach's alpha for the subscales ranged from 0.64 to 0.86, and McDonald's Omega coefficient ranged from 0.66 to 0.86. Emotional feeding and prompting/encouraging eating had values above 0.70, control over eating had a value of 0.68 and instrumental feeding had an alpha coefficient of 0.64 and omega coefficient of 0.66. The factor structure was similar to the original and to other adapted versions. The Spanish sample used more control over eating and prompting/encouraging to eat. Conclusions: The adapted PFSQ is a suitable instrument for assessing the feeding styles of Spanish parents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

La prise en charge de l'obésité infantile est un enjeu majeur de santé publique, compte tenu de son impact sur la santé physique et mentale des jeunes. Elle ne peut pas faire l'économie d'un examen psychiatrique exhaustif, à la recherche notamment d'un trouble du comportement alimentaire. Dans cet article de mise au point, nous présenterons dans le premier paragraphe les troubles alimentaires les plus spécifiquement liés à l'obésité (l'hyperphagie boulimique, la perte de contrôle alimentaire et l'hyperphagie nocturne) ainsi que les comorbidités psychiatriques associées. Dans une deuxième partie, nous étudierons certains facteurs (l'alimentation émotionnelle, la restriction cognitive alimentaire et la stigmatisation sociale) pouvant favoriser l'émergence de troubles alimentaires chez des jeunes en situation d'obésité. Cette approche psychopathologique ouvre la voie à une compréhension plus holistique de la problématique complexe de l'obésité infantile, pouvant aboutir à des stratégies thérapeutiques et préventives plus efficaces. Childhood obesity is a significant public health concern due to its adverse effects on both physical and mental health. It cannot dispense with a comprehensive psychiatric examination, particularly in the search for an eating behavior disorder. In this review article, we present, in the first part, eating disorders most specifically related to obesity (binge eating disorder, loss of control overeating, and night eating syndrome) as well as associated psychiatric comorbidities. In the second part, we examine specific factors (emotional eating, cognitive restriction, and social stigmatization) that may contribute to the emergence of eating disorders in young individuals with obesity. This psychopathological approach will facilitate a more comprehensive understanding of the complex issue of childhood obesity, potentially leading to more effective therapeutic and preventive strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Anxiety is a complex factor that exerts its influence on various social aspects, including eating behavior. Within the university environment, especially among students in the health field, the impact of anxiety on eating habits can be particularly pronounced, leading to the development of dysfunctional dietary patterns. Therefore, the primary objective of our study was to assess anxiety levels and investigate their relationship with eating behavior in female university students enrolled in health-related courses. Materials and Methods: This is an observational study with a cross-sectional design, enrolling women above the age of 18 who were pursuing undergraduate degrees in health-related disciplines. Anxiety levels were measured using the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI-T), while eating behavior was evaluated through the Three-Factor Eating Questionnaire (TFEQ-R21). Results: Our study sample consisted of 71 female university students, enrolled in courses such as Nutrition and Nursing. Our findings revealed a prevalent occurrence of moderate trait anxiety among our study population. Furthermore, statistically significant positive correlations (p<0.05) were identified between trait anxiety and eating behaviors associated with emotional eating and uncontrolled eating. However, no significant correlations were found regarding cognitive restraint and anxiety. Conclusion: The outcomes of our study indicate that higher levels of anxiety may play a role in fostering emotional eating and uncontrolled eating behaviors in female university students. These results emphasize the utmost importance of addressing both mental health and eating behavior within this specific population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Coronavirus Disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has significantly changed the lifestyle of people around the globe. Epidemics are well known for initiating mental stress and patients having undergone bariatric surgery for obesity are at high risk for the common presence of psychological co-morbidities The recent lockdowns imposed by various governments to curb the COVID-19 epidemic have affected the eating habits of many people. In patients with bariatric surgeries, eating disorders can have a profound impact on their health, leading to weight regain. Individuals who have undergone bariatric surgery may represent a particularly susceptible population. The adverse effects might be manifested in the form of eating disorders, psychological problems, and negative impacts on weight loss outcomes. There have been challenges in weight loss due to lockdowns, resulting in negative psychological impacts. Furthermore, changes in socialisation, routine physical activities, emotional stress, and experiences of trauma that have been evident at global levels might have a negative impact on the eating habits of bariatric surgery patients. The current paper highlights the psychological impact of COVID-19 among bariatric surgery patients resulting in weight regain caused by eating disorders and stress and addresses the psychological morbidity in this understudied population. In addition, the impact on the psychology of patients, as their surgeries have been delayed owing to lockdown procedures, has been discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Objectives: To examine the reliability and validity of the Japanese version of the Dutch Eating Behavior Questionnaire (DEBQ-J) for patients with mental illness, and to determine the characteristics of eating behavior among these patients when compared with healthy controls. Methods and Study Design: In May 2018, 120 outpatients with mental illness and 132 healthy controls were surveyed. First, exploratory factor analysis was conducted on the DEBQ-J statement responses for both patients and healthy controls. Next, reliability coefficients were calculated for the eating behavior scale scores (emotional, restrained, and external eating) extracted from the factor analysis. The association between BMI and eating behavior was examined using Student's t-test and Pearson's correlation coefficient. Results: The DEBQ-J had a similar factor structure to that of the original DEBQ for healthy controls, with a cumulative contribution of 52.4% for the three factors, and alpha coefficients ranging from 0.87 to 0.91. For patients, factor analysis showed that four statements classified as emotional eating items in the original DEBQ were recategorized as external eating items, and the percentage of patients with obesity (BMI=25) was 57.5%, compared with only 25.4% among the healthy controls. The patients with obesity tended to score higher on the external eating scale than did those with BMI<25. Conclusions: Patients tended to blur the distinction between emotional feelings of mental irritability or anxiety and feelings in response to external stimuli. Monitoring of the DEBQ-J external eating score and appropriate intervention among patients living with mental illness may help to prevent obesity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Emotional eating, the act of consuming food to cope with negative emotions rather than responding to hunger cues, can lead to overeating in an attempt to regulate and alleviate these emotions. This study aimed to assess emotional eating among college students in Israel, specifically during times of war, which present unique and heightened stressors that accumulate on top. A total of 575 participants from the Ashkelon Academic College completed an online questionnaire examining background information, stress levels, and emotional eating symptoms. Our findings indicate that factors, such as being female, not having children, younger age, lower body satisfaction, higher BMI, and increased stress, are predictors of heightened emotional eating. These results highlight risk factors predisposing college students to engage in emotional eating. Developing targeted interventions, particularly campus-based programs to address emotional eating by promoting healthy coping strategies, a positive body image, and stress management skills is needed. In addition, raising awareness concerning emotional eating risks during challenging life transitions and distressing situations is necessary. The college leadership, led by the departments of Nutrition, Psychology, and Public Health, in collaboration with stakeholders in the Israeli Ministry of Health, must consider the mental effects of war on students and their involvement in emotional eating. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: To compare the social, emotional, and behavioral status between the patients aged 1 to 4 years with foreign body ingestion and healthy individuals. Methods: A case control study was conducted in a tertiary level hospital over 32 months. Children, aged 1–4 years, admitted to the pediatric emergency department with foreign body ingestion were included as cases. Patients with known autism spectrum disorders, cerebral palsy and incomplete evaluation were excluded. A matched control group constituted healthy individuals. Both groups were evaluated with Aberrant Behavior Checklist (ABC) and Brief Infant-Toddler Social Emotional Assessment (BITSEA) scales. Logistic regression was performed to determine the predictors of foreign body ingestion. Results: Cases and controls included 150 children each. All ABC subscale scores (mean irritability, hyperactivity/dissonance, lethargy/social withdrawal, stereotypical behavior, and inappropriate speech) and problem area scores of BITSEA were significantly higher in the cases (P < 0.001). Hyperactivity was significantly predictive of foreign body ingestion [OR (95% CI) 1.37 (1.21, 1.55), P < 0.001] Conclusion: Younger children with foreign body ingestion screened significantly higher for behavioral and emotional problems compared to controls. Hyperactivity was an important predictor factor for foreign body aspiration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: To determine the cross-sectional association between eating behavior in terms of the three-factor eating questionnaire (TFEQ) and adiposity measures. Methods: The TFEQ-R21 was administered to 573 women aged 38 and 50 who participated in the population study of women in Gothenburg 2016/17. Three domains, emotional eating (EE), uncontrolled eating (UE), and cognitive restraint (CR) were examined as outcomes as well as predictors of adiposity outcomes. Multiple linear and logistic regression models were adjusted for age, education, lifestyle factors, and dieting behavior. Results: All TFEQ domains were positively associated with dieting. EE and UE were associated with higher consumption of sweets and CR with lower consumption of sweets. Wellbeing was negatively associated with EE and UE. In mutually adjusted models, EE and CR but not UE were positively associated with BMI, waist circumference (WC), waist-to-hip ratio, waist-to-height ratio, and skinfold. One standard deviation higher EE was associated with obesity, BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2, OR = 1.62 (1.26, 2.10), and abdominal fatness, WC > 88 cm, OR = 1.57 (1.26, 1.95). Former and current dieting were positively associated with these outcomes, too, but UE and CR were not associated in mutually adjusted models. Conclusion: This study shows that emotional eating behavior is associated with adiposity in a population of middle-aged women, over a large range of values for body fatness, and independent of dieting behavior. The results imply that treatment of obesity should include psychological support to restrict the risk for emotional eating in response to states of negative mood. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: This study aimed to investigate the mediating effects of caregiver responses to a child's negative emotions on the associations between infant temperament and emotional overeating in preschool children. Method: A sample of 358 children and their caregivers enrolled in the STRONG Kids 2 (SK2) birth cohort study (N = 468) provided data for this analysis. Caregivers completed questionnaires assessing child temperament at 3 months, caregiver response to negative emotions at 18 months, and child emotional overeating at 36 months. Structural Equation Modeling was conducted using the lavaan package in RStudio to test hypothesized models examining whether the relations between early temperament and subsequent emotional eating were mediated by caregiver responses to a child's emotions. Results: Findings revealed that infant temperamental orienting/regulation predicted the later development of emotional overeating through supportive caregiver responses to a child's negative emotions. Lower levels of orienting/regulation were associated with greater emotional overeating, explained by less supportive caregiver responses to the child's emotions. Moreover, infant surgency had a positive direct influence on emotional overeating at 36 months. Both supportive and non-supportive caregiver responses to a child's negative emotions had significant direct influences on emotional overeating. Conclusion: The results highlight the importance of caregiver response to a child's negative emotions as a mediator between infant temperament and emotional overeating in preschool children. Intervention strategies can be implemented to support caregivers in adopting supportive responses to their child's negative emotions to promote healthy eating behaviors from early childhood. Future studies are needed to explore these pathways of influences throughout child development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: This study investigated the association between choosy eating, emotional eating, and body image in healthy individuals. Materials and methods: This study was conducted with 639 people [385(60.3%) women and 254 (39.7%) men] aged 18-60 years through online surveys. The Stunkard Figure Rating Scale assessed how people see their bodies. Adult Picky Eating Questionnaire (APEQ) was used to determine picky eating behaviors and attitudes. The Emotional Eater Scale was also used to assess eating behaviors. Anthropometric measurements of body weight and height were taken on a self-reported basis. One-way ANOVA was used to analyze the differences between the groups. Results: While 23.8% of the participants were satisfied with their body image, 76.2% were unsatisfied with their body image (61.5% wanted to lose body weight, 14.7% wanted to gain body weight). Body image dissatisfaction was found to be associated with emotional eating and its sub-dimensions (p<0.05). According to the body mass index (BMI) classification, a statistically significant difference was discovered between the total score of picky eating and the total score of emotional eating between underweight and obese people (p<0.05). Conclusion: Picky eating is associated with emotional eating, body weight, and body perception. It is thought that there is a need to evaluate depression, anxiety, stress, and quality of life parameters in future face-to-face studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: Short-term internet-based and online group cognitive behavioral therapy practices affect young people's and women's attempts to cope with their emotional eating (EE) and uncontrolled eating (UE) behaviors in the long term. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of an online- guided self-help group program (GSH) on healthy female nursing students' EE and UE behaviors. Methods: This quasi-experimental study without a control group which has the pre-test, post-test, and 6-month follow-up design was carried out with 24 3rd- and 4th-year young female nursing students studying at a Faculty of Nursing between March 2021 and June 2021. The data were collected using three-factor eating questionnaire (TFEQ) and an emotional eater questionnaire (EEQ). The online group GSH consists of six online group sessions. Results: In the study, the mean scores the students obtained from the data collection tools in terms of such variables as thinking that they eat fast, weighing status, feeling negative about their weight, and being satisfied with their body image changed for the better significantly right after the online group GSH (p<0.05). The mean scores the students obtained from sub-dimensions of the TFEQ (χ²=15.205, p<0.001; χ²=31.224, p<0.001) and from the EEQ (χ²=21.622, p<0.001) decreased right after and 6 months after the online group GSH. Conclusion: In this study, the online group GSH conducted with female nursing students affected their coping with EE and UE behaviors positively. This suggests that self-help interventions can be implemented to improve the eating behaviors of female. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: This study aimed to determine the factors influencing the hedonic hunger status of overweight adults and to examine the relationship between hedonic hunger, self‐stigmatisation and self‐esteem in terms of weight. Methods: This cross‐sectional study was conducted with 353 people living with obesity who applied to the Endocrine and Internal Medicine Clinic in Samsun, Turkey, between June and October 2022. The data were collected using the Personal Information Form, Power of Food Scale (PFS), Weight Self‐Stigmatisation Questionnaire (WSSQ) and Self‐Liking/Self‐Competence Scale (SLSC) through face‐to‐face survey method. Results: About 53.3% of the participants were ≥45 years old, 80.5% were married and 69.1% had previously followed weight loss diet. It was found that those who were aged <45 years, single, those who perceived themselves as overweight, those who had used weight loss diets before and those whose waist‐hip ratio were normal had higher hedonic hunger scores (p < 0.05). A negative and significant correlation was found between PSF‐Tr general dimension scores and SLSC general dimension, whereas a significant and positive correlation was observed between PSF‐Tr general dimension scores and WSSQ general dimension (p < 0.05). Conclusion: As hedonic hunger increased in adults with overweight, self‐esteem decreased, and self‐stigmatisation in terms of weight increased. Effective interventions are needed to cope with the hedonic hunger that contributes to obesity and to prevent the stigma and low self‐esteem experienced by people living with obesity because of their excess weight. Key points: Those aged <45 years and those who think they are overweight have higher hedonic hunger scores.As the hedonic hunger score increases, the self‐esteem score decreases.As the hedonic hunger score increases, the weight self‐stigmatisation score also increases.Effective interventions are needed to cope with the hedonic hunger that contributes to obesity and to prevent the stigma and low self‐esteem that people living with obesity are exposed to because of their excess weight. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background. Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) is a first-line intervention in the psychological treatment of obesity and eating disorders. Hypnosis, on the other hand, has the potential to enhance the effects of CBT, but this combination has not been sufficiently explored in previous studies. Aims. The aim of the present study is to investigate the effectiveness of a CBT intervention combined with hypnosis in reducing BMI (Body Mass Index) and improving some psychological factors associated with obesity. Methods. The intervention was applied to a group of 50 overweight or presenting various degrees of obesity (BMI>26) people and consisted of 12 sessions conducted online. The intervention group was evaluated before the intervention, after the intervention and at 6 months. The DASS-21R, TFEQ (Three Factor Eating Questionnaire) and EDI-3 low self-esteem scale were used. Results. The results of the study showed that the outcome of the intervention was a reduction in BMI, uncontrolled eating, depression and low self-esteem. There were also decreases in emotional eating, stress and anxiety, which were close to the statistical significance threshold. Conclusion. The present study thus supports the effectiveness of the applied intervention, combining CBT with hypnosis, in improving BMI and partly associated psychological factors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aims to examine the role of sleep quality, emotional and behavioral characteristics, and eating behavior in adolescents with obesity by means of cluster analysis. One hundred ninety-four adolescents (78 girls, 116 boys) aged 12–17 (mean 14.3 ± 2.7) with obesity (ICD-10 code E 66.0) entered the study. The Adolescent Sleep Wake Scale was used to evaluate sleep quality. The Achenbach Youth Self-Report for Ages 11–18 questionnaire was used to evaluate emotional and behavioral disturbances. The Dutch Eating Behavior Questionnaire was used to assess maladaptive eating. k-Means cluster analysis was used to clarify heterogeneity. Four clusters were identified: the first included anxious, depressed, socially withdrawn adolescents with thought problems and somatic complaints, non-aggressive, obedient, and having mean values on the sleep quality scale, inclined to restrict their food consumption. The second consisted of rule-breaking youngsters with poor sleep quality, reluctant to restrict their food consumption. The third comprised subjects with the highest values on the sleep quality and lowest values on emotional and behavioral problems, aimed at restricting food consumption. The fourth comprised adolescents with obvious signs of emotional disorders, poorest sleep quality, disinhibited behavior, and emotional and external eating. No statistically significant difference was found between the clusters in sex distribution. Patient allocation to the second or fourth cluster was associated with significantly higher body mass index values, as opposed to the reference third cluster. Conclusion: There is significant variation in teenagers with obesity who have divergent psychological profiles, which should be taken into account. What is Known: • Patients with obesity present with different clinical characteristics. What is New: • Adolescents with obesity may be partitioned into clusters described in terms of emotional, behavioral patterns, including sleep characteristics, and maladaptive eating habits. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: Eating patterns such as breakfast consumption and fruit and vegetable intake have been associated with academic achievement and cognitive function. METHOD: The purpose of this study was to learn more about psychological (emotion‐driven eating) and behavioral (over‐eating) eating patterns and motives, and the roles of body image, academic achievement (reading and math), and social supports (peer acceptance and school attachment), among 378 fourth‐grade students (55% boys) from 14 classrooms across 6 schools within a large Midwestern urban area. RESULTS: Results were analyzed through a 2‐group (male and female) path analysis. Boys' overeating (R2 = 9%) was not significantly predicted. Their emotional eating (R2 = 22.2%) was negatively, significantly predicted by peer acceptance and interaction of peer acceptance and school attachment. Girls' overeating (R2 = 13.6%) was negatively, significantly predicted by positive body image. Girls' emotional eating (R2 = 24.1%) was negatively significantly predicted by positive body image, math scores, and peer acceptance. CONCLUSIONS: Boys' and girls' eating patterns are differentially affected by their school experiences. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It was proposed that emotional eating is a critical factor to address early in a behavioral obesity treatment for women to improve their long-term weight-loss, which has been problematic. Poor body image/body satisfaction is a likely predictor of emotional eating. Possible social cognitive theory-based mediators of the body satisfaction-emotional eating relationship having treatment implications include disturbed mood and self-efficacy for controlled eating. Women with obesity volunteered for a community-based weight loss program. After confirming salience of disturbed mood and self-efficacy for controlling one's eating as mediators of the body satisfaction-emotional eating relationship at baseline, a 3-month protocol emphasizing exercise and targeting those mediators through a focus on self-regulation was developed and administered to the treatment group (n = 86). The control group (n = 51) received matched time in typical, educationally based weight-loss processes. Improvements in body satisfaction, emotional eating, disturbed mood, and self-efficacy for controlled eating from baseline–month 3 were each significantly greater in the treatment group. Further analysis of the treatment group found that changes in disturbed mood and self-efficacy completely mediated the body satisfaction change-emotional eating change relationship and neither age nor race (White/Black) were significant moderators. Improvement in emotional eating from baseline–month 3 significantly predicted lost weight over both 3 months and with changes incorporating a 6-month follow up. Findings confirmed the importance of addressing the relationship between body satisfaction and emotional eating over the critical initial months of a behavioral obesity treatment for women through targeting improvements in mood and controlled eating-related self-efficacy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Among the dysfunctional eating behaviors associated with excessive food intake, a construct that is gaining increasing attention is grazing—the constant, continuous, compulsive, and repetitive consumption of small/moderate amounts of food. Furthermore, in some cases, grazing seems to indicate a dependence on food and/or eating. Currently, the Repetitive Eating Questionnaire (Rep(Eat)-Q) appears to be the only questionnaire that comprehensively measures grazing, including its repetitive and compulsive eating component. Therefore, in a sample of individuals with severe obesity, the objective of this study was twofold: (A) to evaluate the psychometric properties of the Italian version of the Rep(Eat)-Q, and (B) to analyze the association between grazing and food addiction (FA). Method: A cross-sectional research design was used. A total of 402 inpatients with severe obesity (BMI > 35) were recruited. Participants underwent a series of questionnaires to investigate structural validity and convergent validity and association with FA criteria. Results: The factorial structure of the Rep(Eat)-Q is robust and showed fit indexes: CFI = 0.973; RMSEA = 0.074; 90%CI [0.056–0.091]; and SRMR = 0.029. Also, it exhibited good internal consistency and convergent validity. Furthermore, logistic regression analysis highlights a specific association between certain FA criteria and grazing. Conclusions: The Rep(Eat)-Q can be considered to be a concise, robust, reliable, and statistically sound tool to assess repetitive eating, specifically grazing. Its strong psychometric properties offer significant advantages for both research and clinical applications. Furthermore, in a sample of individuals with severe obesity, the results suggest that individuals with problematic grazing exhibit a typical behavioral profile of subjects with FA, indicating that FA can manifest through problematic grazing as well. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Background The Three Factor Eating Questionnaire-Revised 18 (TFEQ-R-18) is an extensively used questionnaire to measure three transdiagnostic features of eating behavior: cognitive restraint, uncontrolled eating, and emotional eating. Objective This research aims to investigate the psychometric properties of the Italian version of the TFEQ-R-18 in three large community samples. Method Cross-sectional research designs were employed. In Study 1 (N = 537), an exploratory graph analysis (EGA) was used to examine item clustering within the TFEQ-R-18. In Study 2 (N = 645), a confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was conducted to test its structural validity. In Study 3 (N = 346), a MANOVA was employed assessing mean differences across eating disorders (e.g., anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, binge eating disorder). Results In Study 1, the EGA accurately identified the three original dimensions of the TFEQ-R-18. Study 2 showed that the Italian TFEQ-R-18 has good fit indexes (CFI = 0.989, RMSEA = 0.064; 90% CI [0.058, 0.070], SRMR = 0.062), and possesses robust psychometric properties. Study 3 reveals distinct, statistically significant differences among eating disorders. Conclusion The TFEQ-R-18 proves to be a concise and precise tool for measuring transdiagnostic eating behaviors. Its applicability in the Italian context, supported by robust psychometric properties, suggests its utility for both research and clinical purposes. The findings affirm its potential to inform interventions aimed at enhancing psychological health. Level of evidence Level V, descriptive study.

ABSTRACTBackground Chronic pain and higher body weight frequently co-occur. This common comorbidity is thought to be mediated by the use of comfort eating as a strategy for managing both the physical and psychological pain and discomfort associated with flare-ups of chronic pain. Valid and reliable assessment tools are needed to inform the development of effective treatments.Aims This study aimed to assess the psychometric properties of a new brief measure of pain-induced comfort eating in chronic pain, the Pain-Induced Comfort Eating Scale (PICES).Methods A sample of 166 patients with chronic pain completed an online test battery including the PICES along with measures of chronic pain and pain-related symptoms, disordered eating, and related psychological factors.Results Results of exploratory factor analysis revealed a single-factor model for the four-item PICES. Further, the PICES demonstrated evidence of good internal consistency as well as convergent validity with demonstrated correlations with related measures. The results of this study also revealed that comfort eating in chronic pain appears to be related to psychological distress; the PICES correlated more strongly with measures assessing mood and psychological distress compared to interference/intensity of physical pain itself. Scores on the PICES also correlated strongly with measures of uncontrolled and emotional eating.Conclusions Overall, our results indicate that the PICES provides a valid and useful brief measure of comfort eating in chronic pain that might be useful to inform treatments targeting the comorbid disordered eating practices that can lead to higher body weights in patients with chronic pain.

AbstractBackground The prevalence of elevated blood pressure (BP) has been raised worldwide. Food consumption, eating habits, and nutritional lifestyle related to meal timing, skipping meals, and meal contents have recently received more attention in studies on BP and metabolic syndrome. Purpose: This study evaluated the association between habitual food consumption, eating behavior, and meal timing with BP among Jordanian adults.Methods A cross-sectional study included 771 Jordanian adults. A food frequency questionnaire was completed. Data about eating habits, meal timing, and emotional eating were collected. BP was measured.Results The prevalence of less than recommended intake of vegetables, milk, protein, and fruits was higher in participants with elevated BP (69.2%, 90.2%, 58.9%, and 25.5%, respectively) as compared to the normal BP group (p

Diet and eating behavior both play a crucial role in the prevention and management of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The main objective of this study was to investigate the relationship between dietary intake and eating behavior in a population of patients with T2DM. A cross-sectional study was performed using 416 patients with T2DM and their dietary intake and eating behavior were assessed with validated questionnaires. Women scored significantly higher than men for emotional and restrained eating (p < 0.001). Correlation analyses showed that emotional eaters consumed significantly more calories (r = 0.120, p = 0.014) and fat (r = 0.101, p = 0.039), as well as non-alcoholic beverages for women (r = 0.193, p = 0.003) and alcohol for men (r = 0.154, p = 0.038). Also, individuals who ate based on external cues consumed significantly more calories (r = 0.188, p < 0.001) and fat (r = 0.139, p = 0.005). These results demonstrate that eating behavior influences dietary intake. Understanding this relationship could optimize diabetes management and allow for more individualized nutritional guidance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and aims: Existing research suggests that food addiction (FA) is associated with binge eating disorder (BED) and obesity, but the clinical significance of this relationship remains unclear. This study aims to investigate the different clinical profiles of FA symptoms among patients who have obesity with/without BED using latent class analysis (LCA). Methods: 307 patients (n 5 152 obesity and BED, n 5 155 obesity without BED) completed a battery of self-report measures investigating eating psychopathology, depression, emotional dysregulation, alexithymia, schema domains, and FA. LCA and ANOVAs were conducted to identify profiles according to FA symptoms and examine differences between classes. Results: LCA identified five meaningful classes labeled as the "non-addicted" (40.4%), the "attempters" (20.2%), the "interpersonal problems" (7.2%), the "high-functioning addicted" (19.5%) and the "fully addicted" (12.7%) classes. Patients with BED and obesity appeared overrepresented in the "high-functioning addicted" and "fully addicted" classes; conversely, patients with obesity without BED were most frequently included in the "non-addicted" class. The most significant differences between the "high-functioning addicted" and "fully addicted" classes versus the "non-addicted" class regarded heightened severity of eating and general psychopathology. Discussion and conclusions: The results bring to light distinct clinical profiles based on FA symptoms. Notably, the "high-functioning addicted" class is particularly intriguing as its members demonstrate physical symptoms of FA (i.e., tolerance and withdrawal) and psychological ones (i.e., craving and consequences) but are not as functionally impaired as the "fully addicted" class. Identifying different profiles according to FA symptoms holds potential value in providing tailored and timely interventions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Nonresponsive parental feeding practices are associated with poorer appetite self‐regulation in children. It is unknown whether this relationship extends beyond childhood to be prospectively associated with the onset of eating disorder (ED) symptoms in adolescence. This exploratory study therefore investigated prospective associations between early childhood parental feeding practices and adolescent ED symptoms and disordered eating behaviors. Methods: Data were from two population‐based cohorts with harmonized measures: Generation R (Netherlands; n = 4900) and Gemini (UK; n = 2094). Parents self‐reported their pressure to eat, restriction and instrumental feeding (i.e., using food as a reward) at child age 4–5 years. Adolescents self‐reported their compensatory behaviors (e.g., fasting, purging), binge‐eating symptoms, restrained eating, uncontrolled eating, and emotional eating at 12–14 years. Associations between feeding practices and ED symptoms were examined separately in each cohort using generalized linear models. Results: In Gemini, pressure to eat in early childhood was associated with adolescents engaging in compensatory behaviors. In Generation R, parental restriction was associated with adolescents engaging in compensatory behaviors, restrained eating, uncontrolled eating, and emotional eating. Instrumental feeding was associated with uncontrolled eating and emotional eating in Generation R. Discussion: Nonresponsive parental feeding practices were associated with a greater frequency of specific ED symptoms and disordered eating in adolescence, although effect sizes were small and findings were inconsistent between cohorts. Potentially, the cultural and developmental context in which child–parent feeding interactions occur is important for ED symptoms. Further replication studies are required to better understand parents' role in the development and maintenance of ED‐related symptoms. Public Significance: Prospective research examining how early childhood parental feeding practices might contribute to adolescent ED symptoms is limited. In two population‐based cohorts, nonresponsive feeding practices (restriction, instrumental feeding, pressure to eat) predicted increased frequency of some ED symptoms and disordered eating behaviors in adolescence, although associations were small and further replication is required. Findings support the promotion of responsive feeding practices, which may benefit young children's developing relationship with food. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Black young adult women's stress experiences are shaped by intersecting racism and sexism. To respond to this stress, some Black young adult women engage in emotional eating, which may threaten their health. Yet processes in the association between gendered racial microaggressions and emotional eating for Black young adult women remain unclear. In the current study, we used cross-sectional online survey data from a 2021 national investigation of 504 United States Black young adult (18–35 years old) women (98.4% cisgender) to test if the superwoman schema and self-compassion mediated the link between gendered racial microaggressions and emotional eating. Employing a serial mediation model in which we controlled for sociodemographic and health covariates, we found support for the hypothesized mediation: more gendered racial microaggressions were associated with greater endorsement of the superwoman schema; greater endorsement of the superwoman schema was associated with less self-compassion; and less self-compassion was associated with more emotional eating. Results provide cross-sectional evidence of theorized processes between gendered racial microaggressions and emotional eating for Black young adult women and point to self-compassion as one potentially important component of health behavior interventions to reduce emotional eating for Black young adult women who take on a superwoman role. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: The present study aimed to investigate the relationship between mindful eating and orthorexia nervosa (ON) among adults and contribute to establishing ON diagnostic criteria. Subject and methods: In the current cross-sectional study, 105 women and 92 men (aged 19–64 years) were enrolled whose scores on the Orthorexia Nervosa Questionnaire-15 (ORTO-15), the Eating Attitudes Test-26 (EAT-26), and SCOFF scales indicated a prevalence of ON and eating disorder risk. In addition, the Mindful Eating Questionnaire (MEQ) was applied to participants to determine mindful eating. Descriptive and inferential statistics were computed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 25. Results: In participants with ON, the scores of emotional eating and conscious eating scores, which are MEQ sub-factors, and the total score of MEQ are higher than those who do not have ON (p < 0.05). There was a negative correlation between MEQ and ORTO-15 scores (r = –0.269; p < 0.01). In addition, the one-point increase in the ORTO-15 scores of the participants led to 0.094 decrease in MEQ scores (B = –0.094; SE = 0.021; p < 0.001) and 0.175 decrease in EAT-26 scores (B = –0.175; SE = 0.033; p < 0.001). Conclusions: The data obtained from our study show that mindful eating of individuals with ON is higher than those who do not have ON, and this is important in determining the diagnostic criteria of ON. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Proper nutrition has a positive impact on health. Paradoxically, excessive preoccupation with healthy eating may lead to the emergence of abnormal eating behaviours and increase the risk of developing disorders. The aim of this study was to assess the risk of orthorexia (ON) and the prevalence of emotional eating (EE) in military flying personnel of the Polish Air Force in relation to BMI and sociodemographic factors. Methods: This study included 760 soldiers (including 60 females) taking part in the National Health Programme 2021–2025. The ORTO-15 questionnaire and EEQ were used to assess the risk of ON and EE. Results: The risk of ON occurred in 28.9% of military flying personnel and was significantly more frequent in soldiers with a normal weight (46.4%), under 40 years of age (42.7%), and with higher education (42.7%). The prevalence of EE was found in approximately 12.3% of the respondents and was significantly more common in soldiers with diagnosed obesity (17.5%), women (21.7%), and soldiers with higher education (13.6). Other sociodemographic variables did not differentiate the results of the ORTO-15 questionnaire and EEQ. Conclusions: The obtained results indicate that the problem of eating disorders also occurs in military populations. The necessity of continuing research in this area is discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study examines the relationship between perceived workplace toxicity and stress of employees in the hospitality industry and emotional eating behaviors within the context of their physical activity levels. A cross-sectional design from amongst the quantitative research methods was used, in which data were collected via questionnaires from 846 participants who work in five-star hotels in Alanya, Turkey. The study concluded that workplace toxicity positively predicts stress and emotional eating, and the impact of workplace toxicity on emotional eating occurs via stress. Furthermore, physical activity plays a moderating role in the effect of workplace toxicity and stress on emotional eating. As employees' physical activity levels drop, the effect of both stress and workplace toxicity on emotional eating significantly increases. These results reveal that physical activity buffers the negative effects of workplace toxicity and stress on emotional eating. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The Three Factor Eating Questionnaire-Revised 18 (TFEQ-R-18) is an extensively used questionnaire to measure three transdiagnostic features of eating behavior: cognitive restraint, uncontrolled eating, and emotional eating. Objective: This research aims to investigate the psychometric properties of the Italian version of the TFEQ-R-18 in three large community samples. Method: Cross-sectional research designs were employed. In Study 1 (N = 537), an exploratory graph analysis (EGA) was used to examine item clustering within the TFEQ-R-18. In Study 2 (N = 645), a confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was conducted to test its structural validity. In Study 3 (N = 346), a MANOVA was employed assessing mean differences across eating disorders (e.g., anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, binge eating disorder). Results: In Study 1, the EGA accurately identified the three original dimensions of the TFEQ-R-18. Study 2 showed that the Italian TFEQ-R-18 has good fit indexes (CFI = 0.989, RMSEA = 0.064; 90% CI [0.058, 0.070], SRMR = 0.062), and possesses robust psychometric properties. Study 3 reveals distinct, statistically significant differences among eating disorders. Conclusion: The TFEQ-R-18 proves to be a concise and precise tool for measuring transdiagnostic eating behaviors. Its applicability in the Italian context, supported by robust psychometric properties, suggests its utility for both research and clinical purposes. The findings affirm its potential to inform interventions aimed at enhancing psychological health. Level of evidence: Level V, descriptive study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between eating behavior, eating awareness, and depression in young adults. Young adults aged between 18 and 25 years were included in the study. Questionnaires and body composition measurements were made face‐to‐face by the researcher in the interview room. The demographic characteristics were questioned through the questionnaire form. Three Factor Eating Questionnaire (TFEQ), Mindful Eating Questionnaire (MEQ), and Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) were used. It was determined that the Mindful Eating Questionnaire total score and Beck Depression Inventory total score affected emotional eating. A statistically significant positive correlation was found between the Beck Depression Inventory total score and the Three Factor Eating Questionnaire sub‐scores. There was a statistically significant negative correlation Beck Depression Inventory total score and the Mindful Eating Questionnaire total score and sub‐scores of mindless eating and emotional eating. In summary, depression seems to be a factor that triggers emotional eating, and emotional eating is a factor that negatively affects mindful eating. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Research on the psychopathological effects of the COVID-19 pandemic has not specifically focused on mothers with dysregulated eating and their children. Methods: This study aimed to observe whether the symptoms of mothers with binge eating episodes (assessed through the SCL-90/R and the TFEQ-R18) worsened from the pre-pandemic period (T1) to the pandemic period (T2). In addition, we sought to assess whether the levels of internalizing/externalizing and dysregulation symptoms in children (assessed through the CBCL 6–18) worsened from T1 to T2. Results: Our results showed that the values obtained for mothers in the SCL-90/R were significantly higher at T2 (during the pandemic), particularly for Depression, Phobic Anxiety, Interpersonal Sensitivity, and Obsessive–Compulsive subscales. Moreover, in both the Emotional Eating and Uncontrolled Eating subscales of the TFEQ-R18, mothers at T2 scored substantially higher than mothers at T1. The emotional/behavioral functioning of children was more maladaptive at T2, according to mothers, especially for the subscales of Withdrawn, Anxious/Depressed, and Aggressive Behavior. Children also had significantly higher scores on the Internalizing and Externalizing subscales, as well as greater symptoms of dysregulation. Conclusions: This study contributes to demonstrating that the COVID-19 pandemic may have had increased maladaptive emotional/behavioral functioning in children and their mothers with dysregulated eating. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: this study aimed to investigate the relationship between acne severity and depression, anxiety, stress, and negative eating attitudes in patients with acne vulgaris. Method: This study was conducted with 81 patients with acne vulgaris who applied to the dermatology outpatient clinic of Karaman Training and Research Hospital. The patients were asked to complete a sociodemographic data form, the three-factor nutrition questionnaire (TFEQ-21), and the depression anxiety stress scale (DASS-21). Acne severity was assessed using the global acne grading system (GAGS) by an expert dermatologist. Results: Of the 81 patients, 74.1% were female and the average age of the cohort was 22.86 years. The average body mass index of the patients was 21.78 and the GAGS average score was 24.25. Correlation tests revealed the lack of any relationship between the GAGS score and the DASS-21 and TFEQ-21 scale scores (and their subscales). The DASS-21 depression subscale was correlated with the TFEQ-21 total score, and TFEQ-21 emotional eating and TFEQ-21 uncontrolled eating scores. Additionally, a relationship was identified between the DASS21-stress subscale score and TFEQ-21 uncontrolled Eating and TFEQ-21 total score, as well as between the DASS21-anxiety scale and the TFEQ-21 total score and TFEQ-21 uncontrolled eating subscale score. Conclusions: Although no relationship was found between acne severity and depression, anxiety, or eating disorders, these conditions can increase the risk of eating disorders among acne patients. Therefore, it is critical to take the necessary precautions for the treatment of depression and anxiety disorders in this patient population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Obesity is a critical public health concern with particular relevance to US military personnel. Stress and internalized weight stigma ("stigma") may contribute to and maintain obesogenic processes and behaviors, including emotional eating. In this secondary cross-sectional analysis, we examined (1) associations among stress and stigma with emotional eating and body fat percentage (BF%), (2) whether stress explains the association between stigma and emotional eating, and (3) whether emotional eating explains associations between stress and stigma with BF%. Method: Active-duty military service members (N = 178) completed BF% assessment and questionnaires assessing stress, stigma, and emotional eating. Results: Structural equation modeling path analyses showed that stress and stigma were both significantly associated with emotional eating (b = 0.35, p < 0.001 and b = 0.23, p < 0.001, respectively) and with BF% (b = 0.38, p < 0.001 and b = 0.29, p < 0.001, respectively) such that individuals who reported higher stress and stigma tended to report more emotional eating and had higher BF%. Stress partially explained the association between internalized weight stigma and emotional eating, and emotional eating partially explained the relationship between stress and BF% but did not significantly mediate the association between stigma and BF%. Conclusion: Greater stress and internalized weight stigma were associated with more emotional eating and higher BF%; however, emotional eating only partially explained the association between stress and BF%. Results highlight the importance of interventions targeting stress management skills, but additional research is needed to identify mechanisms that explain the association between stigma and BF%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Understanding factors that impact health‐related quality of life (HRQL) is essential to inform personalised food allergy management. However, there are inconsistencies about the impact of gender on HRQL in food allergy. This review aimed to collate all investigations of the association between gender and total or subdomain HRQL scores of individuals with food allergy and their caregivers. Design: This is a narrative systematic review. We descriptively synthesised and compared HRQL outcomes by participant and parent genders according to statistical and clinical significance. Study quality was assessed using the ROBINS‐I, inclusive of all domains. Sensitivity analysis of non‐interventional studies was conducted using the ROBINS‐E. Data Sources: A systematic search of Medline and Embase databases was conducted on 4 April 2022 and updated on 5 December 2023. Eligibility Criteria: Studies were eligible for inclusion if they reported original data on the association between any sex and/or gender and HRQL, as measured with any validated instrument, in populations with IgE‐mediated food allergy. Interventional and non‐interventional studies were eligible. Results: A comparison of 34 eligible studies (10 interventional and 24 non‐interventional) indicated females with food allergy (62.5% of studies of children, 83.3% of studies of adults) and mothers of children with food allergy (50% of studies of caregivers) experienced poorer self‐reported baseline HRQL than their counterparts, notably in domains of physical, emotional or food anxiety‐related well‐being. Gender differences in child HRQL after food allergen immunotherapy were observed. However, selective reporting in included interventional studies meant the direction of this association could not be determined. The proxy‐reported total HRQL of participants was not affected by caregiver gender, nor was caregiver HRQL likely impacted by child gender. Conclusions: Gender should be considered an important modifier of participant HRQL outcomes in food allergy studies. Purposeful exploration of HRQL in all genders is needed to fully understand the implications of this construct on the lived experience of food allergy. Systematic Review Registration: PROSPERO (CRD42022329901). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: Eating while distracted has been associated with a higher body mass index (BMI), whereas mindful eating and episodic memory for recent eating have shown the opposite pattern. This pre‐registered, global study (https://osf.io/rdjzk) compared the relative association between these variables (and four "positive controls": restraint, disinhibition, emotional eating, plate clearing) and self‐reported BMI. The timing of data collection (April–May 2020) during the SARS‐CoV‐2 pandemic enabled an investigation of the impact of stay‐at‐home restrictions imposed on the UK population on the measures of eating behavior. Methods: An online survey was completed, including: (i) demographic data (e.g., self‐reported BMI), (ii) Likert ratings assessing episodic memory for recent eating, mindful eating, cognitive distraction, restrained eating, emotional eating, disinhibition and plate clearing over the last 12 months and the last 7 days (during the first UK COVID‐19 lockdown), and (iii) the Mindful Eating Questionnaire (MEQ). Results: A large adult sample participated (N = 846; mean (SD) age = 33.0 (14.3) years; mean (SD) BMI = 24.6 (5.6) kg/m2). Mindful eating (MEQ‐total score) was associated with a lower self‐reported BMI (β = −0.12; 95% CI = −0.20, −0.04; p = 0.004), whereas disinhibited eating was associated with a higher self‐reported BMI (β = 0.30; 95% CI = 0.21, 0.38; p < 0.001). In UK participants (n = 520), consistent changes in eating behavior during lockdown were not found. For those that did experience change, decreases were reported in; emotional eating, disinhibited eating, focusing on taste during a meal (a measure of mindful eating), and using a smart phone while eating. Conclusions: These findings provide evidence in a large global sample for associations between BMI and (i) mindful eating, and (ii) disinhibited eating. Future research should evaluate whether mindful eating demonstrates a prospective association with body weight and should consider mechanisms of action. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dance places significant physical and cognitive demands on both students and professionals. These demands increase dancers' susceptibility to a variety of problems. Between them, the prevalence of eating disorders in dancers of various dance genres is significant. In this context, emotional eating is a common problem among people struggling with weight issues. On the other hand, a construct that has been shown to be relevant is Psychological inflexibility. Psychological flexibility refers to the possibility of fully embracing unpleasant private events in the present, without attempting to modify them. The aim of this paper is to determine the different components of emotional eating and the healthy eating index as a function of psychological inflexibility in dance students. This was a cross-sectional study using non-probabilistic sampling. One hundred fourteen dance students enrolled in conservatories or dance schools participated in the study. Evaluations were conducted using the Acceptance and Action Questionnaire, the Healthy Eating Index for the Spanish population, and the Eating and Appraisal Due to Emotions and Stress Questionnaire. Data were collected in person and online format. No differences in psychological inflexibility were observed between men and women. While women showed greater utilization of food to regulate emotions, they did not differ from men in scores on the healthy eating index. Students with high psychological inflexibility reported greater utilization of food as a regulator of emotions. No differences were found in healthy eating according to psychological inflexibility. It is recommended to transform dance conservatories into healthy spaces by promoting habits that facilitate students' well-being. Faculties can help in the pursuit of excellence by aligning performance goals with research findings and improving holistic care. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Emotional eating not only contributes to physical obesity but also leads to the experience of guilt and shame, exacerbating emotional problems. Increasing physical activity, adopting a balanced diet, and seeking psychological support help improve emotional eating issues in overweight or obese young adults, enhancing overall mental and physical well-being. Methods: This study investigates the correlation between physical activity, self-identity, social anxiety, and emotional eating among 373 overweight and obese college students aged 18-26 in central China. By utilizing AMOS v.26, a structural equation model was constructed to examine the hypotheses. Results: The findings reveal that physical activity significantly influences selfidentity and social anxiety, which, in turn, significantly impact emotional eating. Moreover, self-identity and social anxiety serve as mediators in the relationship between physical activity and emotional eating. These results emphasize the role of physical activity in mitigating emotional eating among young individuals struggling with overweight and obesity. Discussion: Consequently, the government and relevant agencies are urged to address the issue of obesity among young adults and provide support for their engagement in physical activity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To assess the eating habits, lifestyle and physical activity and their impact on health of students of Faisalabad Medical University (FMU) Faisalabad Pakistan. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was prepared on 328 medical and dental students at Faisalabad Medical University from June, 2022 to October, 2022. Three Factor Eating Questionnaire Revised 21 (TFEQ-R21) was used to assess the eating habits among medical students and physical activity was assessed using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) short version. A self-constructed questionnaire was used to assess lifestyle patterns. Results: According to the study, 191(58.2%) students out of 328 practiced unrestricted eating. While 229(69.8%) students demonstrated cognitive restraint and 128(39%) students indulged in emotional eating. Less than half of the students, 52(15.9%) lead unhealthy lifestyles compared to 276(84.1%) who had healthy habits. Out of 328 students, 104 (31.7%) engaged in low, 137(41.8%) in moderate, and 87(26.5%) in high levels of physical activity. Whereas a higher proportion of female students engaged in low to moderate physical activity (61.5% and 52.6%, respectively), while a higher proportion of male students (63.2%) were involved in intense physical activity. Conclusions: A large proportion of medical students exhibited poor dietary habits with low physical activity. Obesity and other metabolic diseases are more likely to strike medical students who engage in these unhealthy eating habits. As future health providers, health interventions must be implemented to avert future harm. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: This work aims to understand the experience of participating in the Food and Nutrition Education Program workshops with Sensory and Cognitive Exercises (PESC) and measure its impact on eating behavior. Methods: The PESC consists of four workshops with exercises stimulating perception and reflection on bodily sensations triggered in eating situations. It was developed to promote consciousness of eating experiences in women who reported difficulty in controlling their body weight and who increased over 5% of their body weight in the previous year. This is a mixed-methods study designed as a controlled trial. The intervention group (n = 19) was evaluated before the first workshop (T0) and after the last workshop (T1) and the control group (n = 18), which did not participate in the workshops, was evaluated twice (T0 and T1), with an interval of 3 to 4 weeks. At T0 and T1, it was applied the Intuitive Eating Scale (IES-2) and the Three Factor Eating Questionnaire (TFEQ-R21). In T1, the intervention group also participated in a qualitative interview. Results: After participating in the PESC, the intervention group showed an increase in the IES-2 total score (95% Confidence Interval = (0.10, 0.39)) and a decrease in the emotional eating scale score (95% Confidence Interval = (-16.03; -3.85)). The interviews' analysis revealed the participants' selfobservation process, which led to the perception of their practices, priorities, intentions, eating difficulties, and the connection between these aspects and environmental issues. The following themes were considered: Food management/control, Body dissatisfaction, Reflection/re-signification, and Different ways of being in familiar contexts. Discussion: The results allow us to infer that, after participating in the PESC, the intention to manage food intake became more effective, less susceptible to oscillations imposed by the external environment, and more supported by internal resources. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Theoretical accounts and empirical research suggest that mother-child interactions significantly influence the child's eating styles (emotional, external, and restrained eating). However, little or no research has explored the association between maternal psychological control and eating styles and whether other mechanisms may be involved in such association. To address this shortcoming, the present study aimed to investigate the mediating role of difficulties in differentiating emotions between maternal control and eating styles. Methods: Participants were 324 elementary school children (Girls = 172, 53.1%) aged between 8 and 11 years (Mage = 9.13, SD =.89) assessed through self-report measures. Parents provided information about weight and height. Results: Path analysis model showed an acceptable fit to the data (χ2 (3) = 3.966, p =.256; RMSEA =.032; CFI =.990; TLI =.911; SRMR =.018). Difficulties in differentiating emotions significantly mediated the relationship between maternal control and emotional eating (β = −.071, 95%CI [−.094, −.052]; p <.001). The model was invariant across genders. Conclusions: Our findings support the importance of dyadic interaction in enhancing the risk for dysfunctional eating style during infancy, showing that emotion differentiation deficits may be particularly salient in such relationship. Clinical and practical implications of these findings are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Our bodies and food consumption are increasingly becoming markers of social identity in contemporary societies. We often participate in "diet culture" by monitoring and controlling our food intake through eating restrictions and physical exercise to keep a bulging body in check. This contemporary "diet culture" has been criticized for embodying impossible fitness ideals and producing a pathological obsession with food. In this article, we will analyze the growing contemporary phenomenon of intuitive eating (IE) as an alternative to diet culture and explore how it is explained, promoted, and legitimized on the social media platform TikTok. By using the Foucauldian concept of self-transformative practices, we illustrate how self-discipline is performed by IE content creators. The analysis shows that the IE approach is psychologized as part of a therapeutic discourse and, at the same time, it is a way for young women to resist the "diet culture" to become empowered in their self-transformation. The analysis illustrates how the IE approach can be understood as a part of a self-transformative project, and how achieving the position as an "intuitive eater" requires an increase in self-awareness. As such, we argue that the content creators produce a specific psychologized discourse of hunger and an affectively-disciplined subject, all represented as "freedom from diet culture." [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Chronic pain and higher body weight frequently co-occur. This common comorbidity is thought to be mediated by the use of comfort eating as a strategy for managing both the physical and psychological pain and discomfort associated with flare-ups of chronic pain. Valid and reliable assessment tools are needed to inform the development of effective treatments. Aims: This study aimed to assess the psychometric properties of a new brief measure of pain-induced comfort eating in chronic pain, the Pain-Induced Comfort Eating Scale (PICES). Methods: A sample of 166 patients with chronic pain completed an online test battery including the PICES along with measures of chronic pain and pain-related symptoms, disordered eating, and related psychological factors. Results: Results of exploratory factor analysis revealed a single-factor model for the four-item PICES. Further, the PICES demonstrated evidence of good internal consistency as well as convergent validity with demonstrated correlations with related measures. The results of this study also revealed that comfort eating in chronic pain appears to be related to psychological distress; the PICES correlated more strongly with measures assessing mood and psychological distress compared to interference/intensity of physical pain itself. Scores on the PICES also correlated strongly with measures of uncontrolled and emotional eating. Conclusions: Overall, our results indicate that the PICES provides a valid and useful brief measure of comfort eating in chronic pain that might be useful to inform treatments targeting the comorbid disordered eating practices that can lead to higher body weights in patients with chronic pain. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]