Search

There is growing recognition that access to good jobs is an important driver of social cohesion. Although the economic dimensions of labor market outcomes are relatively well documented, evidence on the link between social cohesion and jobs is still surprisingly scarce. This paper, based on an earlier background report for the WDR 2013, presents empirical evidence for pathways between labor market outcomes and social cohesion. The findings indicate that formal employment is associated with a range of social outcomes and behaviors that are typically associated with higher levels of social cohesion. However, there are also indications that this relationship varies across dimensions of social wellbeing. In particular, social interactions and political activism among those in regular employment can either improve the quality of aggregate institutions or deepen existing social divides. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

For a country like India whose cultural and economic dimensions vary a lot, it is important to understand the impetus or motivation behind any movement which is on record or not. Internal migration has its own routes and thresholds which may differ from region to region. The basic interest of the movement is prosperity and better life standards, however, the definition of these vary according to the standards predisposed in mind. In general it is been preconceived and also supported by census of India that men migrate more often than women on grounds of employment but studies have shown that there is a shift and women are the one who migrates maximum outnumbering men in many cases. But it is a pity that national level large scale surveys are unable to capture this reality as a result women are treated as secondary earners. International migration to and from India have its own pros and cons. Immigration provides cheap labour and strengthen political bonds between party nations, while on the other hand emigration bring foreign exchange to the country. The definition of status is also radically altered by the effect of social meaning of migrant remittances. The emigrants are preferred as a marriage partner in many parts of India especially Punjab which has even lead to the increasing cases of fraud on marital grounds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Discourse: Journal of Childhood & Adolescense Research / Diskurs Kindheits- und Jugendforschung is the property of Verlag Barbara Budrich GmbH and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Women's underrepresentation in management is a persistent social problem. We take a new approach to understanding the lack of managerial gender diversity by investigating how U.S. state equal employment opportunity laws are related to women's presence in upper and lower management. We draw on data from 2010 EEO-1 reports documenting managerial sex composition in U.S. work establishments and a state employment law database to answer our research questions. State mandates are found to be differentially associated with upper- versus lower-level managerial gender diversity. Establishments in states with an equal pay law, or that once ratified the ERA, employ more women in upper management than those in states without such a law or in nonratifying states, but this holds only in establishments in industries that typically employ women. In contrast, establishments in states that require anti-discrimination workplace postings employ fewer women in upper-management than those in states without such a requirement. State equal pay laws, especially those adopted before federal equal pay legislation, family responsibility discrimination protections, and past ERA ratification are positively associated with women's lower-level managerial presence. Conversely, state expanded family and medical leave coverage, prohibited sex discrimination, and specific posting rules are negatively associated with women's presence in lower management. Results hold net of establishment, state, firm, and industry factors.We discuss the meaning behind differences across managerial level and the role of state regulation in moving toward greater managerial gender equity. Keywords: managerial gender diversity; state law; upper management; lower management; EEO-1 data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We examined how culture influences perceptions of applicant attributes when assessing employment suitability. In two studies (N= 408), we compared members from a collectivistic society (Singapore) to two samples from individualistic societies (the United States and Australia) on their perceptions of applicant attributes across job contexts. For each job, participants either chose between candidates with different attribute profiles or created ideal candidates by allocating a fixed amount of percentile points across different attributes. More often than Australians, Singaporeans chose the candidate with higher levels of the trait (e.g., openness to experience) uniquely associated with the job (e.g., graphic designer). More so than either Americans or Australians, Singaporeans prioritized having the trait most associated with each job. Members from collectivistic societies may require higher levels of the traits most associated with different jobs than members from individualistic societies, who prefer more well-rounded individuals for each job. As discussed, the study of lay perceptions may have implications for training hiring professionals and managers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

After the 2001 crisis, Turkey continued to pursue the radical market-oriented reform strategy that had started in the early 1980s and followed the philosophy of the Washington Consensus. Gross domestic product (GDP) growth in the post-2001 period was relatively high, but it was a jobless" growth caused by substantial productivity increases generated largely by intensifying the work process rather than by technological advancements. Economic growth in the post-2001 period benefited society very unequally. The growth regime of Turkey is vulnerable owing to high current account deficit; high currency mismatch, particularly in the corporate sector; high income inequality; high unemployment; and an unsatisfactory development of the industrial sector, despite some successes. We recommend a new development regime with selective capital controls, a balanced current account, an active industrial policy by the government, stronger trade unions and employers' associations engaged in social dialogue combined with coordinated wage bargaining on the sectoral level, and last but not least, redistributive policies aiming to achieve a more equal income distribution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper explores the construct of employee engagement (EE) from a critical and discourse perspective. It is argued that the win-win discourse which characterizes much discussion on EE within a traditional management paradigm presents a decontextualized, depoliticized vision of the organization. The paper examines mainstream critiques of the construct of EE and the contribution of HRD, and notes that HRD processes and practices are seen as important contributors to engagement. It introduces a critical perspective on EE and HRD, viewing EE as a social construction. It highlights problematic assumption in mainstream literatures, such as of the accordance of employee and organization interests. The paper examines how the discourse ‘talks employee engagement into being’, how cultural management programmes serve to construct the ‘engaged employee’ and the impact of competing discourses. A discussion on disengagement reflects on the mismatch between Fordist work practices and EE. The paper concludes by arguing that viewing EE through a critical lens can potentially help towards an HRD practice that is focused on employee interests rather than largely on organizational interests. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

This paper scrutinises the growing trends and tendencies toward nonstandard employment in Japan to understand the making of new risk profiles. Since the first signs of new risk profiles emerged prior to the bursting of the economic bubble, an analysis should not, as many have done, isolate the 1990s. Yet, few noticed that the growth of nonstandard employment had preceded the reversal of economic fortunes. Often, characterisation of the Japanese model extrapolated from relatively secure positions of one labour market segment in the highly regulated, coordinated governance institutions. For this reason, extant models have failed to anticipate growing risks in society as a whole. A review of employment regulation highlights the function of legal reforms in the making of new risk profiles. State-based regulations allowed for and codified unequal treatment of part-time and temporary work. As a result, nonstandard employment emerged as a distinct status with few of the benefits or the social protections associated with the corporate-centred, male-breadwinner reproductive bargain. By identifying the institutional logic of the corporate-centred male-breadwinner reproductive bargain, we can better understand the emergence of precariousness in the Japanese labour market. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

In post-industrial societies labour market de-regulation, the growth of non-standard work schedules and shifting gender patterns in the paid labour market are re-shaping family care practices and work/family balance. In this article, the work/family arrangements and practices of nurses are compared with those of builders in Melbourne, Australia. The concept of family time economies is used to explore the intersections of work time and family time. Some change in traditional gender divisions of labour was evident in the nurses’ families but in the builders’ families more traditional gender specialization was displayed. The article contends that the organization of work time shapes the temporal structures of family life. Gendered patterns of employment in sex-segregated industries intersect with gendered family care practices in complicated and sometimes contradictory ways, but gendered differences at work and at home have a significant influence on how time for paid work and care is distributed between parents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Despite ample research on behavioral aspects of the transition to adulthood, few comparative studies have focused on “subjective” facets. Using data from the European Social Survey, we probe similarities and differences in conceptions of adulthood for men and women in twenty-five European countries. We examine perceptions of the age of adulthood and the importance of four social markers (leaving home, having a full-time job, living with a partner or spouse, and becoming a parent). Results reveal a shared European idea about age, with men consistently reaching adulthood later than women. The significance of various markers, however, shows greater heterogeneity across nations. Country differences go beyond welfare state classification and underscore the importance of value systems. Conceptions for men and women are surprisingly similar. While economic independence matters more for men's lives, it is nonetheless salient for women. Even more, family formation now seems a unisex organizer of the life course. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

This article starts from the remarks by Peter Mair on the growing gap between responsiveness and responsibility – or middle-run responsiveness – and the declining capacity of parties to bridge that gap. It focuses on the empirical analysis of the association between economic and substantive democratic dimensions and responsiveness, which are highly relevant to the way in which parties compete and govern within contemporary democracies. Following an introduction of the topic, the second section puts forward key concepts and hypotheses; the third presents the operationalisation of the variables and the applied method; the fourth and primary empirical section of the article analyses the non-procedural determinants of political and economic responsiveness, including freedom and equality as well as several key economic structural factors. The concluding remarks recapitulate the main empirical findings and submit a number of aspects that party leaders ought to take into account when addressing the thorny issue of responsiveness. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

From the Works Progress Administration of the New Deal to the Job Corps of the Great Society era, employment programs have been advanced to fight poverty and social disorder. In today's context of stubborn unemployment and neoliberal policy change, supported work programs are once more on the policy agenda. This article asks whether work reduces crime and drug use among heavy substance users. And, if so, whether it is the income from the job that makes a difference, or something else. Using the nation's largest randomized job experiment, we first estimate the treatment effects of a basic work opportunity and then partition these effects into their economic and extra-economic components, using a logit decomposition technique generalized to event history analysis. We then interview young adults leaving drug treatment to learn whether and how they combine work with active substance use, elaborating the experiment's implications. Although supported employment fails to reduce cocaine or heroin use, we find clear experimental evidence that a basic work opportunity reduces predatory economic crime, consistent with classic criminological theory and contemporary models of harm reduction. The rate of robbery and burglary arrests fell by approximately 46 percent for the work treatment group relative to the control group, with income accounting for a significant share of the effect. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The persisting problem of poverty in the global south, since the 1990s, has been increasingly analysed and tackled from the perspective of the poor themselves. The shift of view point from a structurally oriented perspective to a more actor-oriented view was closely related to the concept of livelihoods, which put strong emphasis on people-centredness, and examined the coping and survival strategies of people at risk. Livelihoods analysis has been widely applied by research scholars as well as development practitioners since the 1990s, but the drawbacks and pitfalls of the approach have become more and more obvious with its continued application. The approach has been criticised for its imbalanced consideration of the structure-agency relation, narrow focus on the household as a unit of analysis, narrow and non-embedded understanding of assets, and negligence of spatial and temporal dynamics. The livelihoods perspective is at a crossroads. Several scholars have drawn on Bourdieu's theory of practice to overcome the identified challenges. This article seeks to bring together these insights and show how a Bourdieusian perspective can inform and contribute to the advancements in livelihoods research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Estudios Politicos (01215167) is the property of Universidad de Antioquia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Schmollers Jahrbuch is the property of Duncker & Humblot GmbH and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Previous studies on the advanced economies have shown that unemployment levels of the less-educated are low in cities with high employment shares in the advanced producer services. Scholars have consistently interpreted this finding according to Sassen’s polarisation thesis. This article confronts this production-based interpretation with a competing consumption-based explanation, which focuses on the role of cultural amenities. Analysing data on 22 Dutch metropolitan agglomerations between 1996 and 2008, it is shown that, in line with consumerists notions of Richard Florida, advanced producer services settle in cities that are rich in cultural amenities, instead of the other way around as classical labour-follows-capital explanations imply. Yet, only advanced producer services prove to reduce the unemployment levels of the less-educated, meaning that the polarisation thesis, and not the theory on cultural amenities, is a valid explanation for the low level of unemployment in post-industrial cities. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

This study empirically compares and contrasts the cultural value orientations of employees from Poland and Turkey by testing the compatibility of their values in three stages through seven cultural dimensions. The first phase of the study deals with the assessment of inter-country cultural value differences; the second phase investigates the intra-country cultural dynamics between selected demographic groups; and the third phase examines the inter-country cultural differences among the selected demographic groups of employees. The research has been conducted adopting the Maznevski, DiStephano, and Nason's (1995) version of cultural perspectives questionnaire with a sample of 744 (548 Polish and 196 Turkish) respondents. The results show significant cultural differences between Poland and Turkey, a presence of cultural dynamics among certain demographic groups within the country, and a mixture of convergence and divergence in the value systems of certain demographic groups both within and between the two nation(s). The research findings convey important messages to international human resource strategists in order for them to employ an effective and rational employment policy and business negotiation approach(es) to effectively operate in these countries. It also highlights that diversity of cultural values not only requires viewing each of them through cultural dimensions at a macro-level with a cross-country reference, but also requires monitoring their dynamics at the micro-level with reference to controlled demographic groups. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses the logic regarding austerity macroeconomic policies, with a particular focus on their intellectual foundation. An overview of the role dynamic stochastic general equilibrium (DSGE) model, including its relationship with New Keynesian economics, is provided. The impact that austerity policies have on employment, including its relationship with unemployment, is discussed. The author critiques classical economics and general equilibrium models, including the former's association with economic stability.

The adverse employment effects that attach to disability are empirically well established. They are large and persistent. This is a conceptual article that investigates the source of this deep and enduring employment disadvantage. Debate begins by examining the origins of ideas that have shaped approaches to work study and have influenced concepts of what constitutes an ideal worker. Drawing on feminist critiques of organisational analysis that have highlighted the gendered character of processes, practices and values, it explores the relatively neglected position of disabled employees. With reference to transcripts from four Employment Appeal Tribunals brought under the Disability Discrimination Act, it illustrates how standard jobs, designed around ideal (non-disabled) employees, create a mismatch between a formal job description and someone with an impairment. We suggest this mismatch is central to the organisation’s resistance to implementing adjustments and also to any radical approaches to include impaired employees in the workplace. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

In this review, we touch on a broad array of ways that work is linked to health and health disparities for individuals and societies. First focusing on the health of individuals, we discuss the health differences between those who do and do not work for pay, and review key positive and negative exposures that can generate health disparities among the employed. These include both psychosocial factors like the benefits of a high-status job or the burden of perceived job insecurity, as well as physical exposures to dangerous working conditions like asbestos or rotating shift work. We also provide a discussion of the ways differential exposure to these aspects of work contributes to social disparities in health within and across generations. Analytic complexities in assessing the link between work and health for individuals, such as health selection, are also discussed. We then touch on several contextual-level associations between work and the health of populations, discussing the importance of the occupational structure in a given society, the policy environment that prevails there, and the oscillations of the macroeconomy for generating societal disparities in health. We close with a discussion of four areas and associated recommendations that draw on this corpus of knowledge but would push the research on work, health, and inequality toward even greater scholarly and policy relevance. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

The harmonious labor relation is regarded as the foundation of improving social quality and promoting the construction of a harmonious society. Establishing a scientific labor relation evaluation system can effectively regulate the companies' production and operation activities and thus practically protect the workers' legitimate rights which will finally put the labor and management in a win-win situation. Nowadays, most researchers only use objective indexes to establish the harmonious labor relation index system, ignoring subjective indexes and their weights. So it is advisable to establish a labor relation evaluation system combining subjective and objective indexes, to put the enterprises into the specific social relation and social structure, and to highlight the specific contract nature that companies have. This will surely help reflect the workers multilevel demands. Therefore, through filtering out three-level indexes reflecting the harmony of labor relation in the company by using Delphi method, we evaluate the weights of the indexes through AHP, quantify the three-level indexes in centesimal system and finally establish the three-level index evaluation system and scientifically assess the harmony of labor relation in the company. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Samuel Z. Westerfield Address [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study describes different uncertain, insecure, and unstable working arrangements experienced by workers in Sri Lanka. Findings show that most informal sector workers experience precarious employment. The main types of precarious workers are temporary or contractual workers who work in the formal sector. Faced with competition, and in their attempts to cut costs and increase productivity, employers pressure workers to produce better goods, faster. Also, to adjust the workforce to meet the fluctuating demand in the market at lower cost, workers are given temporary or contractual contracts, so that their work is easily discontinued. The insecurities and instabilities of these workers come from several sources. First, they are deprived of some of the protection afforded by labor legislation because they do not have a permanent contract, and they have to constantly look for alternative work. Second, the intense nature of the work they are exposed to can increase their risks to different adverse health conditions. Poor health and lack of a permanent job can adversely affect their income-earning potential. Third, being temporary workers, they have fewer interactions with labor unions. Better information on the size and trends in precarious employment needs to be systematically collected so that policy makers will be better informed of the issues relating to precarious work in Sri Lanka and can initiate informed initiatives to improve the situation. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

This article seeks to extend the understanding of the varying nature of job motivations on choosing public sector employment by comparing the two different groups of people—the employed and the unemployed—in the context of East Asia. Utilizing a subset of data from the International Social Survey Program on Work Orientation module in 2005, this article examines how eight job motivational aspects correlate with the choice between public and private sector employment. Major findings indicate that there are significant differences in job motivations between people of different employment status. Moreover, public service motivation was a not a significant factor of sector choice for the unemployed workers, compared to the employed workers who cited job usefulness to society as a reason to join the public sector employment. Practical implications are presented at the end of the article. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses gender differences in regard to the social participation of retired elderly people in Taiwan from 1989 through 2007. The authors apply role theory to examine the gender differences of retired Taiwanese people's social roles. The relationship between retirees' former lives as employees and their lives as retirees, including their leisure activities and time spent with family, is discussed. The feminist perspective on gender differences in regard to Taiwanese retirees' social participation is examined.

Voters who perceive the economy to be weak are generally less likely to support the incumbent government. Yet there is a debate over whether all people respond equally to economic shifts or if the state of the economy is more salient for those who feel economically vulnerable. This article examines whether insecure employment situations and employability concerns strengthen responses to the government's economic record. Data from Latin America and Eastern Europe confirm that workers who feel anxious about being fired or who believe it would be difficult to find a new job place significantly greater weight on sociotropic evaluations than do those with more secure employment situations. Thus incumbents who create risks for vulnerable workers are sanctioned, while those who create opportunities are rewarded most. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There is a considerable body of academic and activist research that studies the prevalence of precariousness in contemporary societies. It goes by many names that are often interchangeable, including precarious work, precarity, informalization, and casualization. These are typically rooted in emerging theories of labor and work that temporally correspond to the globalization of production, distribution, and consumption in the neoliberal era. This article examines new ways of looking at the global economic system as a whole while focusing on the diverse experiences associated with precarious work. We address prominent social movements and scholarly responses to changes in work and life, including transforming politics and policy initiatives. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

The relationship between work hours and subjective well being is marked by contradictory findings, thereby implying that it is far from being completely understood. A study of moderator effects can help explain variations in results across studies and, thus, overcome inconsistencies in past research. Accordingly, the current study aims to enlighten the relationship between work hours and well being by investigating how a number of variables moderate this relationship. To develop the research hypotheses concerning the moderator effects, this study relies mostly on social identity theory. Overall, the results suggest that work hours, per se, do not have a significant relationship with individual well being. Rather, their effects seem to depend on a number of issues, namely concerned with individuals' objective characteristics, as well as their social identities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Joseph Stiglitz recibe el Premio Nobel de Economía en 2001, y un año después publica en la Revista un artículo titulado «Empleo, justicia social y bienestar de la sociedad» (vol. 121, núm. 1-2). En él mantiene que el fin de la actividad económica es mejorar el bienestar de los individuos y que el empleo es esencial para dicho bienestar; a este respecto, su descripción de los estragos del desempleo se hace eco de las ideas que Sen desarrolla en su artículo sobre el desempleo en Europa (véase la presentación de A. Sen en el presente número extraordinario). A pesar de que estas afirmaciones parecen evidentes, las políticas económicas van con frecuencia en contra de los intereses de los trabajadores. Según el autor, ello se debe a que la economía neoclásica considera la «mano de obra» como una mercancía, a lo que se suman los fallos generalizados del mercado, la infrarrepresentación de los trabajadores y el entusiasmo por las políticas liberales que no tienen en cuenta la equidad en su búsqueda de la eficacia económica. Corresponde a los gobiernos y, en términos más generales, a la comunidad internacional, garantizar que el desarrollo no se reduzca a la acumulación de capital. Con ello, Joseph Stiglitz denunciaba la violación sistemática de la primera de las cláusulas laborales del Tratado de Versalles ochenta años después de su adopción: el trabajo no ha de considerarse una mercancía. Como sabemos, a finales del decenio de 2000, surgió la crisis. A continuación reproducimos un artículo publicado por la Revista en 2009 (vol. 128, núm. 1-2) bajo el título de «Crisis mundial, protección social y empleo» en el que Joseph Stiglitz observa que los intereses nacionales condicionan las respuestas a la crisis financiera mundial y agravan la caída de la demanda. El resurgimiento del proteccionismo, el rescate de los bancos y los planes nacionales de estímulo están dislocando la competencia y los incentivos en detrimento de los países en desarrollo, de la protección social, tan necesaria, y, en definitiva, de una recuperación rápida. El autor advierte del peligro que supone subestimar el potencial de destrucción de empleo de la crisis y aboga por un plan de estímulo mundial, una revisión de los paradigmas económicos y de las políticas de reglamentación, una ayuda a los países en desarrollo, un FMI menos intrusivo y una ampliación de la protección social, en tanto que estabilizador automático de la economía. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: A significant portion of teens work while in school and the consequences of that work are of potential concern to society. While there is widespread support for combining work and school, and some evidence that employment has positive effects on youth development, previous research has revealed some potentially harmful consequences of employment among teens. In this paper, we investigate the relationship between teen employment and substance use. We extended this literature by studying two different cohorts of youth, and by exploiting arguably exogenous variation in youth employment and earnings caused by changes in minimum wages and the business cycle (unemployment). Estimates suggest that hours of work are positively associated with alcohol and cigarette use. However, if selection on unobserved variables were equal to selection on observed variables, these associations would be close to zero. With respect to the association between earnings and substance use, the evidence is less clear. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

The article discusses the evolution of corporate social responsibility (CSR) throughout the Arab Spring Uprisings from 2011 to 2013, with information on the impact of non-inclusive economic growth and lack of freedom in precipitating the movement. Topics include the prioritization of economic development, employment, and education in the region, the effect of the Arab Spring on the business environment of the Middle East, and the importance of corporations to demonstrate CSR in empowering local citizens.

This article explains the political origins of an 1839 law regulating the factory employment of children in Prussia. The article has two aims. First, it seeks to explain why Prussia adopted the particular law that it did. Existing historical explanations of this particular policy change are not correct, largely because they fail to take into account the actual motivations and intentions of key reformers. Second, the article contributes to theories of the role of ideas in public policymaking. Ideas interact with institutional and political factors to serve as motivators and as resources for policy change. As motivators, they drive political action and shape the content of policy programs; as resources, they enable political actors to recruit supporters and forge alliances. I offer a theory of the relationship between ideas, motivation, and political action, and I develop a methodological framework for assessing the reliability of political actors' expressed motivations. Further, I explain how political actors use ideas as resources by deploying three specific ideational strategies: framing, borrowing, and citing. By tracing how different understandings of the child labor problem motivated and were embodied in two competing child labor policy proposals, I show how the ideas underlying reform had significant consequences for policy outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A pesar de la implantación y mejora de la negociación colectiva, el salario mínimo y las prestaciones sociales vinculadas al empleo, la baja remuneración es cada vez más frecuente en la República de Corea, en contradicción con las conclusiones de numerosos estudios, incluido el Informe mundial sobre salarios 2010/2011 de la OIT. Los autores examinan esta paradoja coreana y concluyen que, si bien se adoptaron las políticas adecuadas, su eficacia se vio limitada por una cobertura escasa y un nivel de prestaciones insuficiente. Ello representa un fallo del mercado de trabajo y un fracaso de las propias políticas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Österreichische Zeitschrift für Soziologie is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

El artículo presenta un avance analítico del "Informe sobre el desarrollo mundial 2013" del Banco Mundial, el cual será presentado al público en la Asamblea Anual del Banco Mundial en octubre 2012. El informe está centrado en el tema del empleo y su papel en el desarrollo económico y social. Entre los aspectos del empleo discutidos se encuentran la definición del buen empleo, las políticas públicas a favor del empleo y la influencia de las inversiones en la generación de empleo.

The article offers a report from a February 10-11, 2012 workshop in Vienna, Austria on the history of labor and employment. Topics of presentations given included the views of German sociologist Max Weber on employment, social aspects of employment in interwar era Austria, and vocational education in Great Britain and West Germany in the late 20th century.

The meaning of working has changed dramatically in the last decades, due to social, economic and cultural transformations. The aim of this paper is to analyze the meanings of work for Venezuelan mine employees. The study was conducted combining the qualitative methodology of textual analysis and scales developed by the international research team Meaning of Working MOW (1987, 1991) using the quantitative methodology of correspondence factor analysis. The meaning of work obtained revealed a high centrality for work, the great importance given to family and interpersonal working relations, as well as the relevance of labor rights for the participants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

La estabilidad en el empleo así como la protección jurídica ante el despido individual son derechos básicos de los trabajadores. Ambos se encuentran regulados por diversas disposiciones en la legislación laboral mexicana. Nuestra Carta Magna establece sus principios fundamentales, y leyes federales como la del Trabajo y la de los Trabajadores al Servicio del Estado reglamentan dichos principios. Asimismo, a nivel internacional, existen disposiciones que también los norman. Así, en el presente estudio pretendemos dar cuenta de ello. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A large literature in sociology concerns the implications of immigrants' participation in ethnic enclaves for their economic and social well-being. The "enclave thesis" speculates that immigrants benefit from working in ethnic enclaves. Previous research concerning the effects of enclave participation on immigrants' economic outcomes has come to mixed conclusions as to whether enclave effects are positive or negative. In this article, we seek to extend and improve upon past work by formulating testable hypotheses based on the enclave thesis and testing them with data from the 2003 New Immigrant Survey (NIS), employing both residence-based and workplace-based measures of the ethnic enclave. We compare the economic outcomes of immigrants working in ethnic enclaves with those of immigrants working in the mainstream economy. Our research yields minimal support for the enclave thesis. Our results further indicate that for some immigrant groups, ethnic enclave participation actually has a negative effect on economic outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An essay is presented on the interrelation of employment-centred structural change, transformative social policy and the politics of poverty reduction from a gender quality perspective raised at the 2010 United Nations Research Institute for Social Development (UNRISD) flagship report Combating Poverty and Inequality. It focuses on gender inequality which offers a distinctive perspective on the issues. It points to politics to achieve greater recognition for women's work.

The article focuses on the initiative of Alliance for Full Participation (AFP), an alliance of national organizations on people with intellectual and developmental disabilities, to increase the employment rate for these people. It mentions various members of AFP which include Autism Society of America (ASA), Association for Persons in Supported Employment (ASPE), and United Cerebral Palsy (UCP). It adds that AFP advocates for the acceptance of intellectual disabled people as employees.

Copyright of Sozialer Fortschritt is the property of Duncker & Humblot GmbH and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In recent years, several middle-income countries, including Chile, Mexico and Uruguay, have increased the availability of early childhood education and care (ECEC) services. These developments have received little scholarly attention so far, resulting in the (surely unintended) impression that Latin American social policy is tied to a familialist track, when in reality national and regional trends are more varied and complex. This article looks at recent efforts to expand ECEC services in Chile and Mexico. In spite of similar concerns over low female labour force participation and child welfare, the approaches of the two countries to service expansion have differed significantly. While the Mexican programme aims to kick-start and subsidize home- and community-based care provision, with a training component for childminders, the Chilean programme emphasizes the expansion of professional ECEC services provided in public institutions. By comparing the two programmes, this article shows that differences in policy design have important implications in terms of the opportunities the programmes are able to create for women and children from low-income families, and in terms of the programmes' impacts on gender and class inequalities. It also ventures some hypotheses about why the two countries may have chosen such different routes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Bitácora Urbano/Territorial is the property of Bitacora Urbano/Territorial and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Çalışma ve Toplum is the property of Calisma ve Toplum and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)