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Maize-based crop systems are promoted in large scale in South Asia because they are more sustainable and efficient than rice-based systems. In the present study, using two combinations of crop residue management practices (CRM) with four precision nitrogen (N) management (PNM) systems, we assessed the impacts on soil physicochemical characteristics [soil organic carbon (SOC), bulk density (BD), soil penetration resistance (PR)] and crop yields in 6 years old continuous zero tillage (ZT) practices under maize-wheat-mungbean cropping system in a sandy loam soil of northwestern India. The highest SOC (5.73 g/kg) was observed in Zero Tillage with Residue Retention (ZT + R) plots. Zero-tillage with residue retention (ZT + R) significantly reduced the bulk density over the zero-tillage with no residue retention (ZT-R) across the soil depth. The bulk density in ZT + R was 6.5 and 10.7% lower at 0–15 cm and 15–30 cm soil depth, respectively, than under ZT-R. The penetration resistance (PR) was significantly lower in ZT + R than in ZT-R across the soil depth. Soil organic carbon (SOC) in ZT + R was 7.4% higher at 0–15 cm depth and 11.9% higher at 15–30 cm depth than under ZT-R treatment. Among PNM treatments, the sequence of treatments in SOC content was 50%N + Green Seeker (GS) >33%N + GS > RDN > 70%N + GS. The system productivity (maize equivalent yield) under ZT + R in combination with 50%BN + GS was 15.0% higher than crops grown under ZT-R with RDN. The wheat equivalent yield under the ZT + R treatment is found to be higher (5.97) in the 50%BN + GS, which was 18% higher than the recommended dose of nitrogen treatment (5.04) and 28% higher than the 70%BN + GS treatment (4.68). Results demonstrated that plots with residue retention performed better, showing a 10% increase in system productivity. The study concludes that a ZT-based system with maize-based crop rotations (MWMb) with crop residue retention and precision nitrogen management can improve soil properties and system productivity in northwestern India.

Introduction: Saururus chinensis (Saururaceae) is an important medicinal plant used in traditional Chinese and Korean medicine to treat human diseases. Sauchinone, a lignin from Saururus chinensis, is reported to have numerous pharmacological applications in medicine, including anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-apoptotic, anti-obesity, and hepatoprotective effects. Methods: The purpose of this review article is to describe the scientific information about sauchinone, its medical importance and pharmacological activity in order to explore the potential health benefits of sauchinone in medicine. In this review, all the scientific information about sauchinone was collected from PubMed, Scopus, Science Direct, Google, and Google Scholar. Additionally, this review also described the pharmacokinetics of sauchinone in order to understand the plasma drug profile of sauchinone with their molecular docking studies. Results: Scientific evidence in this review article described the biological importance of sauchinone in medicine against breast cancer, colorectal cancer, gastric cancer, hepatocellular carcinoma, liver cancer, lung adenocarcinoma, pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, osteosarcoma, diabetes, ulcerative colitis, inflammatory bowel disease, osteoarthritis, liver disorders and other human complications. Additionally, molecular docking studies, and pharmacokinetics parameters of sauchinone were also presented in this review to know their therapeutic value in medicine. However, molecular mechanisms of sauchinone were also described in the present review in order to know their biological significance in different kinds of human complications. Discussion: The scientific evidence in this article demonstrates the medicinal importance and the molecular mechanisms involved in the pharmacological activities of sauchinone in medicine. However, detailed preclinical and clinical data are still needed in scientific research to declare the therapeutic efficacy of sauchinone against human diseases.

Aim of the present study: It must study liquid flow over surfaces above the earth because its surface rotation stimulates liquids heated amid the sun. Consequently, the Coriolis impact force is investigated on Casson convective flow fluid with Cattaneo-Christov heat flux over the rotating paraboloid upper surface. Significance of the present study: The simultaneous effects of the Lorentz force and Coriolis force occurring due to MHD flow contribute significantly to solar wind, sunspots, and more physical natural phenomena. As a result, Navier-Stokes equations governing the flow are derived and incorporated with the appropriate body forces. Methodology: PDEs are converted to ODEs by identical variants/variables that make the governing equations non-dimensional. The results of this problem are represented graphically using BVP4C. Conclusion: In the present study, some of the significant results are: While both ANN and ANFIS-PSO could accurately forecast the truth values, we found that ANFIS-PSO is more accurate; as the temperature rises, β and Gr consider and resist heat transmission with K and Ec, While Ec and Nt increase the concentration, K, β, Gr, Nb, and Sc impede mass transfer. table 3 compares the current study's findings with those of the previous research; the results are nearly identical, demonstrating the precision and accuracy of the current model.

Introduction: Herbal medicine has been used worldwide for thousands of years to treat human diseases and their associated secondary complications due to their medicinal efficacy, easy availability, and reduced side effects. Coreopsis tincica is a small, glabrous, aromatic annual plant with antioxidant, antihyperglycemic, and cardioprotective properties. Okanin and isookanin are an important phytochemicals of capitula of Coreopsis tinctoria. Methods: The aim of this review is to describe the medicinal efficacy, pharmacological activity, and analytical aspects of okanin and isookanin, along with their possible mechanisms of action. In the current review, we searched literature databases such as Google, Science Direct, PubMed, and Google Scholar to collect all the scientific information of okanin and isookanin. However, this review also addresses the pharmacokinetic and analytical parameters of okanin and isookanin. Scientific data on the separation, isolation, and identification of okanin and isookanin in various biological and non-biological samples are also presented here in this review. Results: The scientific evidence of this review shows the biological potential of okanin and isookanin in medicine. Okanin has potential antithrombotic, antioxidant, and antihyperuricemic effects in medicine. However, okanin has potential against neurodegenerative diseases, xanthine oxidase, inducible nitric oxide synthase, Candida albicans, aromatase, and intestinal absorption. Furthermore, this review demonstrated the angiogenic, anti-inflammatory, antiviral, antidiabetic, and antioxidant potential of isookanin. Additionally, isookanin also has effectiveness on aromatase and amylase enzymes. This review also discusses analytical aspects of okanin and isookanin in medicine. The scientific data presented in this review also supports the traditional uses of Coreopsis tinctoria. Discussion: Okanin and isookanin have great therapeutic potential in medicine and may be used for the development of new drugs in modern medicine. However, detailed pharmacological studies are very important for clinical applications and molecular mechanisms of okanin and isookanin in the scientific field.

By integrating energy-efficient AIoT-based biosensor networks, healthcare systems can now predict COVID-19 outbreaks with unprecedented accuracy and speed, revolutionizing early detection and intervention strategies. Therefore, this paper explores the rapid growth of electronic technology in today’s environment, driven by the proliferation of advanced devices capable of monitoring and controlling various healthcare systems. However, these devices’ limited resources necessitate optimizing their utilization. To tackle this concern, we propose an enhanced Artificial Intelligence of Things (AIoT) system that utilizes the networking capabilities of IoT biosensors to forecast potential COVID-19 outbreaks. The system aims to efficiently collect data from deployed sensor nodes, enabling accurate predictions of possible disease outbreaks. By collecting and pre-processing diverse parameters from IoT nodes, such as body temperature (measured non-invasively using the open-source thermal camera TermoDeep), population density, age (captured via smartwatches), and blood glucose (collected via the CGM system), we enable the AI system to make accurate predictions. The model’s efficacy was evaluated through performance metrics like the confusion matrix, F1 score, precision, and recall, demonstrating the optimal potential of the IoT-based wireless sensor network for predicting COVID-19 outbreaks in healthcare systems.

Abstract Succinic acid (SA) is one of the top platform chemicals with huge applications in diverse sectors. The presence of two carboxylic acid groups on the terminal carbon atoms makes SA a highly functional molecule that can be derivatized into a wide range of products. The biological route for SA production is a cleaner, greener, and promising technological option with huge potential to sequester the potent greenhouse gas, carbon dioxide. The recycling of renewable carbon of biomass (an indirect form of CO2), along with fixing CO2 in the form of SA, offers a carbon-negative SA manufacturing route to reduce atmospheric CO2 load. These attractive attributes compel a paradigm shift from fossil-based to microbial SA manufacturing, as evidenced by several commercial-scale bio-SA production in the last decade. The current review article scrutinizes the existing knowledge and covers SA production by the most efficient SA producers, including several bacteria and yeast strains. The review starts with the biochemistry of the major pathways accumulating SA as an end product. It discusses the SA production from a variety of pure and crude renewable sources by native as well as engineered strains with details of pathway/metabolic, evolutionary, and process engineering approaches for enhancing TYP (titer, yield, and productivity) metrics. The review is then extended to recent progress on separation technologies to recover SA from fermentation broth. Thereafter, SA derivatization opportunities via chemo-catalysis are discussed for various high-value products, which are only a few steps away. The last two sections are devoted to the current scenario of industrial production of bio-SA and associated challenges, along with the author's perspective.

Abstract Accurate prediction of reference evapotranspiration (ETo) is crucial for many water-related fields, including crop modelling, hydrologic simulations, irrigation scheduling and sustainable water management. This study compares the performance of different soft computing models such as artificial neural network (ANN), wavelet-coupled ANN (WANN), adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference systems (ANFIS) and multiple nonlinear regression (MNLR) for predicting ETo. The Gamma test technique was adopted to select the suitable input combination of meteorological variables. The performance of the models was quantitatively and qualitatively evaluated using several statistical criteria. The study showed that the ANN-10 model performed superior to the ANFIS-06, WANN-11 and MNLR models. The proposed ANN-10 model was more appropriate and efficient than the ANFIS-06, WANN-11 and MNLR models for predicting daily ETo. Solar radiation was found to be the most sensitive input variable. In contrast, actual vapour pressure was the least sensitive parameter based on sensitivity analysis.

Abstract Suspended sediment concentration prediction is critical for the design of reservoirs, dams, rivers ecosystems, various operations of aquatic resource structure, environmental safety, and water management. In this study, two different machine models, namely the cascade correlation neural network (CCNN) and feedforward neural network (FFNN) were applied to predict daily-suspended sediment concentration (SSC) at Simga and Jondhara stations in Sheonath basin, India. Daily-suspended sediment concentration and discharge data from 2010 to 2015 were collected and used to develop the model to predict suspended sediment concentration. The developed models were evaluated using statistical indices like Nash and Sutcliffe efficiency coefficient (NES), root mean square error (RMSE), Willmott’s index of agreement (WI), and Legates–McCabe’s index (LM), supplemented by a scatter plot, density plots, histograms and Taylor diagram for graphical representation. The developed model was evaluated and compared with CCNN and FFNN. Nine input combinations were explored using different lag-times for discharge (Qt-n) and suspended sediment concentration (St-n) as input variables, with the current suspended sediment concentration as the desired output, to develop CCNN and FFNN models. The CCNN4 model with 4 lagged inputs (St-1, St-2, St-3, St-4) outperformed the other developed models with the lowest RMSE = 95.02 mg/l and the highest NES = 0.0.662, WI = 0.890 and LM = 0.668 for the Jondhara Station while the same CCNN4 model secure as the best with the lowest RMSE = 53.71 mg/l and the highest NES = 0.785, WI = 0.936 and LM = 0.788 for the Simga Station. The result shows the CCNN model was better than the FFNN model for predicting daily-suspended sediment at both stations in the Sheonath basin, India. Overall, CCNN showed better forecasting potential for suspended sediment concentration compared to FFNN at both stations, demonstrating their applicability for hydrological forecasting with complex relationships.

Abstract Trillium govanianum is traditionally used to treat innumerable alignments like sexual disorders, cancer, inflammation etc. Mainly rhizomes of T. govanianum have been explored for phytochemical profiling but comprehensive metabolomics of other parts has not been yet deeply investigated. Thus, current study was aimed for organs-specific (roots, rhizomes, rhizomatous buds, stems, leaves, and fruits) phytochemical profiling of T. govanianum via metabolomics approach. Targeted (steroidal saponins and free sugars) and non-targeted metabolomics were performed by UPLC-PDA/ELSD & UHPLC-Q-TOF-IMS. Among steroidal compounds, 20-hydroxyecdysone, pennogenin-3-O-β-chacotrioside, dioscin were found predominantly in all samples while diosgenin was identified only in rhizomes. Further, four free sugars viz. 2-deoxyribose (116.24 ± 1.26 mg/g: leaves), fructose (454.76 ± 12.14 mg/g: rhizomes), glucose (243.21 ± 7.53 mg/g: fruits), and galactose (69.06 ± 2.14 mg/g: fruits) were found significant in respective parts of T. govanianum. Elemental analysis of targeted samples was determined by atomic absorption spectrophotometer. Heavy metals (Cd, Hg, Pd, As) were absent while micro- (Mn, Na, Zn, Cu) and macro- (Ca, Fe, Mg, K) elements were found in all samples. Furthermore, UHPLC-Q-TOF-IMS had identified 103 metabolites based on their mass fragmentation patterns and 839 were tentatively predicted using METLIN database. The multivariate statistical analysis showed organs specific clustering and variance of metabolites. Apart from this, extracts were evaluated for in vitro anticholinesterase activity, and found potentials inhibitors with IC50 values 2.02 ± 0.15 to 27.65 ± 0.89 mg/mL and 3.58 ± 0.12 to 16.81 ± 2.48 mg/mL of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) enzyme, respectively. Thus, comprehensive metabolomics and anti-cholinesterase activity of different parts of T. govanianum would lay the foundation for improving medicinal importance and health benefits of T. govanianum.

Background: Globally, it is expected that 111 million people will have glaucoma by 2040. Intraocular pressure (IOP) is the most crucial clinical risk factor for glaucoma onset and/or progression. Aims and Objectives: The aim of the study is to compare 0.4% ripasudil, 0.02% netarsudil, and 0.5% timolol in combination with 0.005% latanoprost in the medical management of primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) or ocular hypertension (OHT). Materials and Methods: The prospective randomized clinical study was conducted on patients with mild-to-moderate POAG or OHT on a single prostaglandin analog (e.g., latanoprost) not achieving target IOP. Patients with narrow-angle glaucoma, any ocular surgery, and advanced glaucoma were excluded from the study. Patients were followed up at 15 days, 1 month, 2 months, and 3 months for a complete ophthalmic examination. Results: The maximum number of patients showed 41–60 years of age group. The male–female ratio was 1.8:1. A mild-to-moderate adverse event in the form of conjunctival hyperemia was seen in all groups. The mean reduction in IOP (mmHg) from baseline to 3 months in Groups A, B, and C is 5.7±0.923, 7.11±0.832, and 6.83±0.707 mmHg, respectively. Conclusion: When given in combination with 0.005% latanoprost and comparing IOP reduction in terms of efficacy, 0.4% ripasudil and 0.02% netarsudil are almost similar, but ripasudil was well tolerated and showed minimal ocular adverse effects; hence, ripasudil is better in comparison to netarsudil.

Background: Ventral abdominal wall hernia surgery is a common procedure in the armamentarium of surgeons. The most common forms of these surgical procedures in adults are the repair of incisional hernias and surgery for paraumbilical hernias. Aims and Objectives: Open onlay mesh repair versus laparoscopic intraperitoneal dual mesh repair (intraperitoneal onlay mesh [IPOM]) for ventral hernia compared to the duration of surgery, post-operative pain, postoperative complications, post-operative hospital stay, return to normal activity, recurrence, and cosmesis. Materials and Methods: The prospective non-randomized study was done in the Maharani Laxmi Bai Medical College, Jhansi, between January 2021 and June 2022 including 100 patients was applied for treatment of ventral hernia repair. Fifty patients were subjected to Group A (open onlay mesh repair) and 50 patients were subjected to Group B (laparoscopic intraperitoneal dual mesh repair). Results: The mean surgery durations were significantly lower in laparoscopic repair when compared to open repair (P

We are living in a dynamic world where scientific and technological changes constantly and rapidly transform and reshape our lives. Similar to other domains, medicine and surgery are bound to undergo a profound transformation. Innovations in healthcare focus on providing more convenient, effective, and less expensive treatments. They also focus on enhancing treatment precision and outcomes, providing better patient experience, and expanding healthcare accessibility. Healthcare deals with humans and their lives. Therefore, unlike other domains, innovations in healthcare go through stringent barriers – medical, legal, and regulatory. That's why not all innovations make it to the market [1]. In order to understand their potential impact on the future of healthcare, it is crucial to explore the innovations that have reshaped or will reshape the field of medicine and surgery.

The development of advanced thermal barrier coating (TBC) materials with better hot corrosion resistance, phase stability, and residual stresses is an emerging research area in the aerospace industry. In the present study, four kinds of TBCs, namely, single-layer yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ), single-layer gadolinium zirconate (GZ), bilayer gadolinium zirconate/yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ/GZ), and a multilayer functionally graded coating (FGC) of YSZ and GZ, were deposited on NiCrAlY bond-coated nickel-based superalloy (Inconel 718) substrates using the atmospheric plasma spray technique. The hot corrosion behavior of the coatings was tested by applying a mixture of Na2SO4 and V2O5 onto the surface of TBC, followed by isothermal heat treatment at 1273 K for 50 h. The characterization of the corroded samples was performed by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) to identify physical and chemical changes in the coatings. GIXRD was used to analyze the residual stresses of the coatings. Residual stress in the FGC coating was found to be −15.2 ± 10.6 MPa. The wear resistance of TBCs is studied using a linear reciprocating tribometer, and the results indicate that gadolinium zirconate-based TBCs showed better performance when deposited in bilayer and multilayered functionally graded TBC systems. The wear rate of as-coated FGC coatings was determined to be 2.90 × 10−4 mm3/Nm, which is lower than the conventional YSZ coating.

Abstract Background Due to rising costs, water shortages, and labour shortages, farmers across the globe now prefer a direct seeding approach. However, submergence stress remains a major bottleneck limiting the success of this approach in rice cultivation. The merger of accumulated rice genetic resources provides an opportunity to detect key genomic loci and candidate genes that influence the flooding tolerance of rice. Results In the present study, a whole-genome meta-analysis was conducted on 120 quantitative trait loci (QTL) obtained from 16 independent QTL studies reported from 2004 to 2023. These QTL were confined to 18 meta-QTL (MQTL), and ten MQTL were successfully validated by independent genome-wide association studies from diverse natural populations. The mean confidence interval (CI) of the identified MQTL was 3.44 times narrower than the mean CI of the initial QTL. Moreover, four core MQTL loci with genetic distance less than 2 cM were obtained. By combining differentially expressed genes (DEG) from two transcriptome datasets with 858 candidate genes identified in the core MQTL regions, we found 38 common differentially expressed candidate genes (DECGs). In silico expression analysis of these DECGs led to the identification of 21 genes with high expression in embryo and coleoptile under submerged conditions. These DECGs encode proteins with known functions involved in submergence tolerance including WRKY, F-box, zinc fingers, glycosyltransferase, protein kinase, cytochrome P450, PP2C, hypoxia-responsive family, and DUF domain. By haplotype analysis, the 21 DECGs demonstrated distinct genetic differentiation and substantial genetic distance mainly between indica and japonica subspecies. Further, the MQTL7.1 was successfully validated using flanked marker S2329 on a set of genotypes with phenotypic variation. Conclusion This study provides a new perspective on understanding the genetic basis of submergence tolerance in rice. The identified MQTL and novel candidate genes lay the foundation for marker-assisted breeding/engineering of flooding-tolerant cultivars conducive to direct seeding.

Abdominal trauma is a commonly encountered emergency which may be because of roadside accidents, assaults, or falls from height. Blunt injury to the abdomen is far more common than penetrating injury. Gastric perforation commonly occurs following penetrating abdominal trauma. However, gastric rupture is an uncommon entity following blunt trauma abdomen (BTA). Here, we are presenting three cases of isolated gastric perforation after BTA, two were due to a roadside accident, and one was a result of a fall from height. History suggests of a full stomach is usually found in traumatic gastric rupture. This condition usually presents with insignificant clinical or radiological signs. Isolated gastric rupture due to trauma is rare as it is usually associated with other injuries such as splenic and liver injuries. Early suspicion plays an important role in diagnosing this entity which carries higher morbidity and mortality if not managed timely. As isolated gastric perforation because of trauma leads to high morbidity and mortality, hence thorough lavage of the peritoneal cavity followed by double-layer closure after adequate debridement will reduce chances of intraperitoneal contamination thus improving outcome. Presentation after the last meal, the severity of gastric rupture, and other associated injuries play an important role in the prognosis of the patient.

Abstract Probiotics are a mixture of beneficial live bacteria and/or yeasts that naturally exist in our bodies. Recently, numerous studies have focused on the immunostimulatory effects of single-species or killed multi-species probiotic conditioned mediums on macrophages. This study investigates the immunostimulatory effect of commercially available active, multi-species probiotic conditioned medium (CM) on RAW264.7 murine macrophages. The probiotic CM was prepared by culturing the commercially available probiotic in a cell-culture medium overnight at 37 °C, followed by centrifugation and filter-sterilization to be tested on macrophages. The immunostimulatory effect of different dilution percentages (50%, 75%, 100%) of CM was examined using the MTT assay, proinflammatory cytokine (tumor necrosis factor TNF-alpha) production in macrophages, migration, and phagocytosis assays. For all the examined CM ratios, the percentages of cell viability were > 80%. Regarding the migration scratch, TNF-alpha and phagocytosis assays, CM demonstrated a concentration-dependent immunostimulatory effect. However, the undiluted CM (100%) showed a significant (p-value

This article furnishes a brief review of the geochemistry of waters produced during coal bed methane and shale gas exploration. Stable deuterium and oxygen isotopes of produced waters, as well as the stable carbon isotope of dissolved inorganic carbon in these waters, are influenced by groundwater recharge, methanogenic pathways, the mixing of formation water with saline water, water–rock interactions, well completion, contamination from water from adjacent litho-units, and coal bed dewatering, among many others. Apart from the isotopic fingerprints, significant attention should be given to the chemistry of produced waters. These waters comprise natural saturated and aromatic organic functionalities, metals, radioisotopes, salts, inorganic ions, and synthetic chemicals introduced during hydraulic fracturing. Hence, to circumvent their adverse environmental effects, produced waters are treated with several technologies, like electro-coagulation, media filtration, the coupling of chemical precipitation and dissolved air flotation, electrochemical Fe+2/HClO oxidation, membrane distillation coupled with the walnut shell filtration, etc. Although produced water treatment incurs high costs, some of these techniques are economically feasible and sustain unconventional hydrocarbon exploitation.

Understanding cementitious composites' mechanical properties, particularly compressive strength (CS), is crucial for safety, with AI approaches being particularly useful for forecasting CS with ash particles.In this study, we proposed the ensemble honeybee mating optimized dynamic artificial neural network (EHBMO-DANN) for forecasting the CS of pavement. 7 characteristic Fly ash (FA), coarse aggregate, cement, super plasticizer, fine aggregate, days, and water were used as inputs in the experimental technique to forecast the output or the CS variable. Measured at 7 and 28 days, the CS of the concrete specimens without FA of the same age is compared to those with replacement rates of 15%, 30%, and 45%. The experimental evaluation metrics using the high degree of predictive accuracy are shown by its high Coefficient determination R2, MAE, MSE, and RMSE.The construction and engineering sectors may benefit greatly from our research on the CS of pavement comprising ash particles.

Abstract Characterization of Parkinson’s disease (PD) progression using real-world evidence could guide clinical trial design and identify subpopulations. Efforts to curate research populations, the increasing availability of real-world data, and advances in natural language processing, particularly large language models, allow for a more granular comparison of populations than previously possible. This study includes two research populations and two real-world data-derived (RWD) populations. The research populations are the Harvard Biomarkers Study (HBS, N = 935), a longitudinal biomarkers cohort study with in-person structured study visits; and Fox Insights (N = 36,660), an online self-survey-based research study of the Michael J. Fox Foundation. Real-world cohorts are the Optum Integrated Claims-electronic health records (N = 157,475), representing wide-scale linked medical and claims data and de-identified data from Mass General Brigham (MGB, N = 22,949), an academic hospital system. Structured, de-identified electronic health records data at MGB are supplemented using a manually validated natural language processing with a large language model to extract measurements of PD progression. Motor and cognitive progression scores change more rapidly in MGB than HBS (median survival until H&Y 3: 5.6 years vs. >10, p

Health Technology Assessment in India assesses, evaluates, and carries out cost-effectiveness of available health technologies in the country for evidence-based decision-making. Current study carried out a scoping review to assess clinical efficacy of poly-methyl-methacrylate (PMMA) after decompressive craniectomy using various prototyping techniques in published literature. The O'Malley methodology and Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Metanalysis for Scoping Reviews—PRISMA-ScR—checklist were used to assess published literature from year 2008 to 2023. A total of 507 records were identified after searching electronic databases. After removing duplicate studies and studies that did not meet inclusion criteria, a total of 12 studies were included for review. A total of four studies were described as experimental and eight were case reports/series. The sample size of intervention studies varied between 10 and 30 patients with a mean age of 36.7 years. In a total of seven studies, cranioplasty was done by a self-made PMMA prosthesis fabricated using a novel three-dimensional-printed cranial model fabrication technique. In experimental study, objective criteria like operative Glasgow Outcome Scale, Cranial Index of Symmetry score, and Visual Analog Score for Cosmesis were employed. Clinical assessment for cranial symmetry was observed favorable for PMMA with fewer complications, though sample size was inadequate (range: 10–30) with comparator group in two studies.

Pursuing electric mobility has led to a growing demand for efficient battery enclosures that can withstand dynamic forces and vibrations. This study focuses on advancing the structural integrity and vibrational resilience of battery enclosures through a holistic optimization approach. This research identifies optimal design parameters that minimize deformation and stress while maximizing resonance frequency by leveraging finite element analysis, modal analysis, and multi-objective optimization techniques. The study unveils three candidate designs that showcase remarkable improvements, including a 49.41% reduction in deformation, a 35.79% reduction in stress, and a 19.92% increase in resonance frequency. These findings underscore the potential of integrated design strategies to drive innovation in sustainable electric vehicle technologies.

AbstractIn terms of the Global Hunger Index, the ranking of India slipped to 101 in 2021 from its 94th position in 2020. The number of billionaires increased to 1007 and the number of millionaires increased by 63% but household incomes of 97% population declined during the Covid-19 pandemic. Even after the pandemic effect, the gap between rich and poor continues to widen fast. The question arises, do leadership theories in focus today have shown the right path? Necessity has arisen to revisit the leadership style followed by Corporates and Political masters and assimilate the Indian culture of ‘Vasudhaiv Kutumbkam’ to develop a comprehensive approach of spiritual transformation where leaders strive to search for a ‘Higher-order purpose of existence’ (HOPE) and embrace for a society centric approach. An understanding is being germinated to give prominence to the Indian culture emanating from scriptures like Bhagwad Gita, Ramayana, etc. It embarks on creating a value-based leadership framework that deals with a higher vision and mission and Rajarshi leadership is among such leadership. This paper is a modest attempt to trace the attributes of Rajarshi leadership in the light of the story of Ramayana wherein Rama (a prince of Ayodhaya in exile) instead of adopting short-cuts or taking the help of Ayodhya to get his wife free, made tie-up with Sugriva (a depressed and coward king hiding in the forest) and prepared an army of monkeys, nomads and downtrodden people of the forest and defeated the powerful well-equipped army of Ravana and established Rama-Rajaya.

Objective: Few clinical studies have assessed real-world abrupt transitioning between insomnia medications. This study assessed strategies for directly transitioning patients from zolpidem tartrate (ZOL) immediate/extended release to the dual orexin receptor antagonist, lemborexant (LEM). Methods: This randomized, open-label, multicenter study (Study 312; E2006-A001-312) enrolled 53 adults age ≥18 years with insomnia disorder and ≥1-month history of intermittent (3–4 nights/week) or frequent (≥5 nights/week) ZOL use. Subjects recorded their ZOL use in a 3-week Pretreatment Phase, followed by a 2-week Treatment Phase (TRT; Titration) during which ZOL was discontinued. Intermittent ZOL users transitioned to LEM 5 mg (LEM5), Cohort 1, and frequent ZOL users were randomized 1:1 to LEM5, Cohort 2A, or LEM 10 mg (LEM10), Cohort 2B. One dose adjustment was permitted during the TRT. Subjects completing the TRT could continue LEM in the 12-week Extension Phase (EXT). The primary outcome was proportion of subjects who successfully transitioned and remained on LEM at the end of the TRT. Results: Most subjects (43 [81.1 %]) successfully transitioned to LEM (9 [90 %], 17 [81.0 %], and 17 [77.3 %] in Cohorts 1, 2A, and 2B, respectively). By the end of the EXT, 66.7 % in Cohort 1 and 60.0 % in Cohort 2A up-titrated to LEM10, whereas 41.2 % in Cohort 2B down-titrated to LEM5; 61.0 % were receiving LEM10 at study end. At the end of the TRT, more subjects taking LEM reported that it helped them return to sleep after waking, compared with those taking ZOL (71.7 % vs. 49.1 %). There were no important differences between treatments regarding how subjects reported feeling as they fell asleep. Most of the treatment-emergent adverse events with LEM were mild in severity. Conclusions: Most subjects transitioned successfully to LEM from ZOL (intermittent or frequent use). LEM was well tolerated.

Micronutrient deficiencies like iron (Fe), zinc (Zn), and copper (Cu) are widespread in humans. Unfortunately, these micronutrients are also deficient in major parts of Indian soil. As wheat is a staple food for more than 50% of India's population, enriching wheat grain with these micronutrients can help alleviate these deficiencies in humans. Therefore, two-year field experiments were conducted at the ICAR–Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, to evaluate the impact of 4R stewardship-based potassium (K) fertilization on wheat uptake and translocation of Zn, Fe, and Cu. The results revealed that the K application rate, method, and timing significantly influenced Zn, Fe, and Cu uptake and translocation. In contrast, the source of K fertilizer had a nonsignificant effect. The concentrations of Fe, Cu, and Zn in the grain improved with increasing K application rates up to 48 kg K/ha, after which a nonsignificant effect was detected. Two split applications of 48 kg K/ha resulted in higher grain nutrient concentrations (Zn: 38.2 mg/kg, Fe: 110 mg/kg, Cu: 9.0 mg/kg) than did basal application (Zn: 37.6 mg/kg, Fe: 105 mg/kg, Cu: 8.8 mg/kg). The Zn (52.3%−57.4%), Fe (21%−26.5%), and Cu (27.5%−31.3%) harvest indices under two split applications of 48 kg K/ha revealed that more than 50%, 25%, and 33%, respectively, of the absorbed Zn, Fe, and Cu was remobilized to the grain. However, the basal application of 48 kg K/ha and no K application significantly reduced the translocation of Zn, Fe, and Cu to the grain.

IntroductionAncient water harvesting systems, such as those from the Indus Valley Civilization (~3500 BCE), have been vital for irrigation and climate resilience, especially in arid regions. One such prominent system in South Asia, called tank irrigation, initially thrived through community management but declined post-independence due to colonial policies and neglect in Sri Lanka and India. This study evaluates current policy frameworks and rehabilitation programs to enhance the resilience of these systems in India, develop strategies for their protection and adaptation to climate change, and integrate global lessons for sustainable development.MethodsA systematic meta-analysis of grey literature was conducted to aggregate data on policy constraints. Policy analysis involved detailed investigations of relevant documents, regulations, and comparative analyses of frameworks at regional and national levels. Pilot projects on tank rehabilitation were assessed through reported case studies and field surveys to gauge impact. Thematic analysis was used to explore the global potential of these systems in climate resilience and overall environmental sustainability.ResultsThe analysis showed that pilot projects for tank rehabilitation had limited success in achieving sustainability under current climate conditions. Tank irrigation systems are crucial for adapting to extreme weather, including floods, droughts, and heat waves, replenishing groundwater, reducing soil erosion, and ensuring reliable water supplies. Traditional water harvesting technologies support 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), including clean water access, hunger reduction, gender equality, and climate action. Integrating AI and machine learning in water management benefits disaster response, while eco-tourism aids system maintenance and cultural awareness.DiscussionThe study underscores the need for policy reforms to enhance tank rehabilitation and institutional arrangements. It calls for increased beneficiary participation and constitutional recognition of current practices. Strategic, national-scale assessments and resilience targets are recommended to improve the effectiveness of such water harvesting systems in mitigating natural hazards and enhancing environmental services.

Wheat, a highly versatile staple crop cultivated extensively for its grains on a global scale, is poised to experience increased demand to sustain the burgeoning population, owing to its superior nutritional potential. Modern wheat, a hexaploid species, has evolved through the introgression of numerous preceding ploidies, including Einkorn, Emmer, Aegilops, and others, each possessing distinct qualitative and quantitative traits. Scientometric and topical analyses serve as effective tools to quantitatively evaluate scientific research by measuring the knowledge expressed in scientific publications and keywords. Thus, comprehending the research status regarding wheat domestication events within primary, secondary, and tertiary gene pools is paramount for enhancing wheat production. In this study, we analyze data retrieved from PubMed to elucidate the research status and identify bottlenecks across different ploidy of genomic pools of wheat. The publication trends on wheat have experienced exponential growth over the past three decades, with China emerging as a leading center for publications. In contrast to the publication frequency observed in hexaploid common wheat, scholarly output concerning Einkorn and Aegilops is approximately tenfold lesser, with emmer trailing behind at three times fewer publications. This discrepancy underscores the prioritization of expedited research initiatives targeting these species, aimed at elucidating latent biological characteristics and optimizing their breeding capabilities. Keywords such as “stress,” “GWAS,” and “gene” are prominent, reflecting the challenges posed by climatic factors on wheat production and their mitigation through molecular breeding and gene manipulation. Notably, the keyword “einkorn” highlights its potential as a donor for fine-tuning traits related to wheat adaptation processes and quality, crucial for modern wheat’s survivability under adverse climates. Conversely, higher publication rates on emmer are primarily associated with Italy, possibly due to its favorable Mediterranean climate for tetraploid wheat. Keywords like “Pasta” and “Ochratoxin, DON” are prevalent, with the former being derived from durum wheat and the latter being reported in higher amounts in durum compared to other wheat species, rendering it less suitable for consumption. Enriched keywords such as “genome” and “resistance” underscore the critical characteristics of Aegilops. Other significant keywords like “Aceria tosichella” possibly indicate multiple stages of resistance conferred by Aegilops, while the presence of the grain softness protein “puroindoline” enhances its acceptability for donation by Aegilops. Spelt, a close relative of common wheat, exhibits a research trend with thousands of annual publications and enriched keywords such as “stress” and “yield” reflect the current scientific emphasis on wheat research. Furthermore, hierarchical keywords like “bio-control” and “celiac disease” merit consideration for future research on hexaploid wheat.

The assessment of productive and reproductive traits helps in identifying animals with superior germplasm in comparison to their population mean which helps in selecting animals for breeding purposes. The early detection of low- performing animals based on the parameters considered for the evaluation of productive and reproductive traits in the study can help in culling animals at an early age, thus saving the cost of maintenance or losses for dairy farmers. Overall, it was observed that the productive and reproductive performance of cross-bred cows was better as compared to the buffaloes and non-descript cows. Therefore, the study advises taking the following steps; record keeping, regular testing for various diseases, balanced ration, maintenance of proper hygiene, availability of nearby veterinary services, and upgradation of non- descript animals to exploit maximum production potential at farmers’ level.

The global issue of antimicrobial resistance poses significant challenges to public health. The World Health Organization (WHO) has highlighted it as a major global health threat, causing an estimated 700,000 deaths worldwide. Understanding the multifaceted nature of antibiotic resistance is crucial for developing effective strategies. Several physiological and biochemical mechanisms are involved in the development of antibiotic resistance. Bacterial cells may escape the bactericidal actions of the drugs by entering a physiologically dormant state known as bacterial persistence. Recent findings in this field suggest that bacterial persistence can be one of the main sources of chronic infections. The antibiotic tolerance developed by the persister cells could tolerate high levels of antibiotics and may give rise to persister offspring. These persister offspring could be attributed to antibiotic resistance mechanisms, especially in chronic infections. This review attempts to shed light on persister-induced antibiotic resistance and the current therapeutic strategies.

The NF-κB pathway plays a pivotal role in impeding the diabetic wound healing process, contributing to prolonged inflammation, diminished angiogenesis, and reduced proliferation. In contrast to modern synthetic therapies, naturally occurring phytoconstituents are well-studied inhibitors of the NF-κB pathway that are now attracting increased attention in the context of diabetic wound healing because of lower toxicity, better safety and efficacy, and cost-effectiveness. This study explores recent research on phytoconstituent-based therapies and delve into their action mechanisms targeting the NF-κB pathway and potential for assisting effective healing of diabetic wounds. For this purpose, we have carried out surveys of recent literature and analyzed studies from prominent databases such as Science Direct, Scopus, PubMed, Google Scholar, EMBASE, and Web of Science. The classification of phytoconstituents into various categorie such as: alkaloids, triterpenoids, phenolics, polyphenols, flavonoids, monoterpene glycosides, naphthoquinones and tocopherols. Noteworthy phytoconstituents, including Neferine, Plumbagin, Boswellic acid, Genistein, Luteolin, Kirenol, Rutin, Vicenin-2, Gamma-tocopherol, Icariin, Resveratrol, Mangiferin, Betulinic acid, Berberine, Syringic acid, Gallocatechin, Curcumin, Loureirin-A, Loureirin-B, Lupeol, Paeoniflorin, and Puerarin emerge from these studies as promising agents for diabetic wound healing through the inhibition of the NF-κB pathway. Extensive research on various phytoconstituents has revealed how they modulate signalling pathways, including NF-κB, studies that demonstrate the potential for development of therapeutic phytoconstituents to assist healing of chronic diabetic wounds.

Background: Peptic ulcer is a condition characterized by open sores resulting from excessive acid production in the stomach or digestive tract, causing damage to the mucosal lining. Tamarix gallica (TG), is traditionally known for its anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antibacterial activity, etc. Objective: The scientific evidences based on its efficacy specifically for anti-ulcers activity are limited, hence, the study aimed to evaluate protective effect of TG against aspirin-induced peptic ulcers. Materials and Methods: Phytochemical screening was performed followed by assessment of protective effect of TG against aspirin induced toxicity in rats. Network biology and polypharmacology studies were performed to determine the possible molecular targets involved in pathophysiology of ulcers. Results: The study revealed that the TG extract at high dose (500 mg/kg b.w.) significantly exhibits protective effect against aspirin induced ulcers via regulation of free acidity pepsin production, overall acidity via regulating antioxidant status (SOD, GSH, CAT, etc). Morphological studies revealed less damage with less disruption of the gastric mucosa layer having normal mucosal structure, no swelling or oedema was found in drug treated groups. Conclusion: Moreover, network biology and polypharmacology outcomes revealed that SOD2, CAT, EPO, IL10, EGF, TGFB1 etc. play a significant role in functional gastrointestinal-associated disease or peptic ulcer. Hence, the study concludes that TG polyphenols including phenols and flavonoids play an important role in alleviation of peptic ulcer or associated complication and thus demonstrating TG as a natural therapeutic regimen against ulcers in glance of nature.

The SARS-CoV-2 virus, which induces an acute respiratory illness commonly referred to as COVID-19, had been designated as a pandemic by the World Health Organization due to its highly infectious nature and the associated public health risks it poses globally. Identifying the critical factors for predicting mortality is essential for improving patient therapy. Unlike other data types, such as computed tomography scans, x-radiation, and ultrasounds, basic blood test results are widely accessible and can aid in predicting mortality. The present research advocates the utilization of machine learning (ML) methodologies for predicting the likelihood of infectious disease like COVID-19 mortality by leveraging blood test data. Age, LDH (lactate dehydrogenase), lymphocytes, neutrophils, and hs-CRP (high-sensitivity C-reactive protein) are five extremely potent characteristics that, when combined, can accurately predict mortality in 96% of cases. By combining XGBoost feature importance with neural network classification, the optimal approach can predict mortality with exceptional accuracy from infectious disease, along with achieving a precision rate of 90% up to 16 days before the event. The studies suggested model’s excellent predictive performance and practicality were confirmed through testing with three instances that depended on the days to the outcome. By carefully analyzing and identifying patterns in these significant biomarkers insightful information has been obtained for simple application. This study offers potential remedies that could accelerate decision-making for targeted medical treatments within healthcare systems, utilizing a timely, accurate, and reliable method.

This study aimed to improve the stability and prolonged gefitinib release from the nanoliposomes. Nanoliposomes were prepared by reverse-phase evaporation and optimized using Box-Behnken design to investigate the influence of sonication time (X1), tween 80 / soya phosphatidylcholine ratio (X2), and cholesterol / soya phosphatidylcholine ratio (X3) on nanoliposomes. Optimized nanoliposomes were quasi-spherical shaped, with a mean dimension of 93.2 nm and an encapsulation efficiency of 87.56±0.17 %. Surface decoration of the optimized batch was done using different concentrations of chitosan. The optimal chitosan concentration required to adorn the surface of nanoliposomes was 0.01 %. In comparison to unadorned nanoliposomes (82.16±0.65 %), adorned nanoliposomes (78.04±0.35 %) released the drug consistently over 24 h via Fickian diffusion. The IC50 values for surface-adorned nanoliposomes in A549 and H1299 cells were 6.53±0.75 and 4.73±0.46 µM, respectively. Cytotoxicity of the surface-decorated nanoliposomes may be due to their higher zeta potential and prolonged drug release. At 4°C, adorned and unadorned nanoliposomes are most stable. In conclusion, the developed nanoliposomes may offer a new path for melanoma clinics.

IntroductionWhiplash injury (WHI) is characterised by a forced neck flexion/extension, which frequently occurs after motor vehicle collisions. Previous studies characterising differences in brain metabolite concentrations and correlations with neuropathic pain (NP) components with chronic whiplash-associated disorders (WAD) have been demonstrated in affective pain-processing areas such as the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC). However, the detection of a difference in metabolite concentrations within these cortical areas with chronic WAD pain has been elusive. In this study, single-voxel magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS), following the latest MRSinMRS consensus group guidelines, was performed in the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC), and occipital cortex (OCC) to quantify differences in metabolite concentrations in individuals with chronic WAD with or without neuropathic pain (NP) components.Materials and methodsHealthy individuals (n = 29) and participants with chronic WAD (n = 29) were screened with the Douleur Neuropathique 4 Questionnaire (DN4) and divided into groups without (WAD-noNP, n = 15) or with NP components (WAD-NP, n = 14). Metabolites were quantified with LCModel following a single session in a 3 T MRI scanner within the ACC, DLPFC, and OCC.ResultsParticipants with WAD-NP presented moderate pain intensity and interference compared with the WAD-noNP group. Single-voxel MRS analysis demonstrated a higher glutamate concentration in the ACC and lower total choline (tCho) in the DLPFC in the WAD-NP versus WAD-noNP group, with no intergroup metabolite difference detected in the OCC. Best fit and stepwise multiple regression revealed that the normalised ACC glutamate/total creatine (tCr) (p = 0.01), DLPFC n-acetyl-aspartate (NAA)/tCr (p = 0.001), and DLPFC tCho/tCr levels (p = 0.02) predicted NP components in the WAD-NP group (ACC r2 = 0.26, α = 0.81; DLPFC r2 = 0.62, α = 0.98). The normalised Glu/tCr concentration was higher in the healthy than the WAD-noNP group within the ACC (p

The microbiota-gut-brain axis (MGBA) represents a sophisticated communication network between the brain and the gut, involving immunological, endocrinological, and neural mediators. This bidirectional interaction is facilitated through the vagus nerve, sympathetic and parasympathetic fibers, and is regulated by the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis. Evidence shows that alterations in gut microbiota composition, or dysbiosis, significantly impact neurological disorders (NDs) like anxiety, depression, autism, Parkinson's disease (PD), and Alzheimer's disease (AD). Dysbiosis can affect the central nervous system (CNS) via neuroinflammation and microglial activation, highlighting the importance of the microbiota-gut-brain axis (MGBA) in disease pathogenesis. The microbiota influences the immune system by modulating chemokines and cytokines, impacting neuronal health. Synbiotics have shown promise in treating NDs by enhancing cognitive function and reducing inflammation. The gut microbiota's role in producing neurotransmitters and neuroactive compounds, such as short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), is critical for CNS homeostasis. Therapeutic interventions targeting the MGBA, including dietary modulation and synbiotic supplementation, offer potential benefits for managing neurodegenerative disorders. However, more in-depth clinical studies are necessary to fully understand and harness the therapeutic potential of the MGBA in neurological health and disease.

Background: Arthritis is a common clinical condition seen in Ayurveda clinics. Clinical trials have reported Ayurvedic interventions to be of benefits in many arthritic conditions including Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA). No mechanistic details however are available about how such interventions on their own or as a combination of whole system Ayurveda might be working. Objective: The study aims to evaluate simultaneously the clinical outcome of Ayurveda whole system (AWS) intervention in RA patients and identifying the serum metabolic signatures which could be useful for diagnosing the disease and monitoring treatment response. Material and methods: RA patients (n = 37) simultaneously diagnosed as Amavata fulfilling the specific inclusion and exclusion criteria were recruited in the study and were given Ayurveda whole system (AWS) intervention comprised of oral medicines, local therapy and dietary recommendation for 3 months. The clinical and serum metabolic changes were investigated for pre-treatment RA patients (baseline RA group, n = 37) and post-treatment RA patients (following treatment of 6-weeks (RA_F, n = 26) and three months (RA_T, n = 36). For comparative serum metabolomics analysis, 57 normal healthy control (HC) subjects were also involved and the serum metabolic profiles were measured at high-field 800 MHz NMR spectrometer. The serum metabolic profiles were compared using multivariate statistical analysis and discriminatory metabolic features were evaluated for diagnostic potential using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis. Results: A significant reduction in DAS-28 ESR, AAM Score, total swollen joints, total tender joints were observed following AWS intervention. The clinical outcomes were concordant with changes in metabolic profiles of RA patients as these were also shifting towards the normal levels following the intervention. Compared to healthy control (HC) subjects, the sera of baseline RA patients were characterised by increased circulatory level of succinate, lysine, mannose, creatine, and 3-Hydroxybutyrate (3-HB) and decreased levels of alanine. The present study also evaluated the serum metabolic ratios for their discriminatory and diagnostic potential and notably, six metabolic ratios (KHR, KThR, KVR, GHR, PTR and SHR) were found significantly altered (elevated) in baseline RA patients. However, in RA patients receiving AWS treatment, these metabolic changes showed marked convergence towards the metabolic signatures of healthy controls. Conclusion: This first of its kind study clearly shows the clinical efficacy of Ayurvedic Whole System (AWS) intervention in the management of Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA), as demonstrated by significant improvements in key clinical parameters. The intervention not only alleviated symptoms but also induced a profound metabolic shifting towards normalization; thus, underscoring the potential of AWS intervention to modulate cellular metabolism in a manner that facilitates a return to homeostasis in RA patients. However, future studies are imperative to confirm these preliminary observations and delineate the underlying mechanisms of action of intervention in cases of RA.

Powdery mildew (PM), caused by Blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici, poses a significant threat to wheat production, necessitating the development of genetically resistant varieties for long-term control. Therefore, exploring genetic architecture of PM in wheat to uncover important genomic regions is an important area of wheat research. In recent years, the utilization of meta-QTL (MQTL) analysis has gained prominence as an essential tool for unraveling the complex genetic architecture underlying complex quantitative traits. The aim of this research was to conduct a QTL meta-analysis to pinpoint the specific genomic regions in wheat responsible for governing PM resistance. This study integrated 222 QTLs from 33 linkage-based studies using a consensus map with 54,672 markers. The analysis revealed 39 MQTLs, refined to 9 high-confidence MQTLs (hcMQTLs) with confidence intervals of 0.49 to 12.94 cM. The MQTLs had an average physical interval of 41.00 Mb, ranging from 0.000048 Mb to 380.71 Mb per MQTL. Importantly, 18 MQTLs co-localized with known resistance genes like Pm2, Pm3, Pm8, Pm21, Pm38, and Pm41. The study identified 256 gene models within hcMQTLs, providing potential targets for marker-assisted breeding and genomic prediction programs to enhance PM resistance. These MQTLs would serve as a foundation for fine mapping, gene isolation, and functional genomics studies, facilitating a deeper understanding of molecular mechanisms. The identification of candidate genes opens up exciting possibilities for the development of PM-resistant wheat varieties after validation.

The current study was aimed to explore the effect of light and traffic noise pollution exposure on behavioral and neurochemical deficits in adult male Wistar rats. We hypothesized that exposure to these pollutants alone or in combination may cause behavioral deficits in rats. Animals were allocated into different groups and were exposed to either varying light cycles (150 lx-5 lx, 14:10 h) or traffic noise with sound level 100 dBA for 6 h/day or both for 28 days. Concurrently, Curcumin (100 mg/kg; per oral; 28 days) was administered in varying light cycles and noise exposed animal groups to study the preventive effect. After the exposure time, the Morris water maze test, elevated plus maze test, novel object recognition test, locomotor activity test, and forced swimming test were conducted. The neurobehavioral results suggested that only combined exposure of light and noise pollution markedly impaired the learning as well as spatial and reference memory in rats. Furthermore, we found significant anxiety (less no. of open arm entries in EPM) and depressive-like behavior (increased immobility time) in light or/and traffic noise pollution exposed group animals in comparison to normal control groups. Curcumin treatment significantly prevented the behavioral anomalies in combined light and noise exposed rats. Furthermore, our results revealed augmentation of acetylcholinesterase, oxidative stress markers and interleukin (IL)-1β in the hippocampal region of noise and light-exposed groups which were markedly ameliorated by curcumin. In conclusion, our results suggest that curcumin significantly modulates light and noise pollution exposed behavioral and neurochemical anomalies in rats.

This research examines the propagation of waves in a semi-infinite, isotropic magneto-thermoelastic solid, and a semi-infinite thermoelastic solid with welded contact. The study investigates the influence of a magnetic field on amplitude coefficients for the incidence of thermal, SV, and P waves in the magnetothermoelastic solid in a semi-infinite space. The incidence of these waves results in a total of six waves, including both refracted and reflected waves. The fluctuation of amplitude coefficients for various magnetic pressure values is explored for copper and aluminum as numerical constants. The study observes that the amplitude coefficients of seismic waves, occurring during the incidence of thermal, SV, and P waves in the magneto-thermoelastic solid semi-infinite space, are dependent on the incident angle, magnetic field, and material constants. Notably, the amplitude coefficients for the incidence of SV waves exhibit only a minor influence from the magnetic field. The implications of this research extend to applications in ocean acoustics, geophysics, acoustic devices, composite materials, and non-destructive testing.

The release of organic pollutants and dyes into the environment by industries has had profound and harmful effects on both humans and ecosystems. Graphene oxide (GO) and its reduced form have been investigated for their effectiveness in removing pollutant dyes. GO nano-powder was synthesized using an improved version of Hummer's method and subsequently thermally reduced at various temperatures, including 125, 150, 175, and 200 °C, under vacuum conditions. In the X-ray diffraction spectra, an intense (001) diffraction peak was initially observed at 9.136° (2θ) for pristine GO. This peak gradually shifted towards higher angles as the reduction process took place and eventually disappeared when the GO was reduced at 200 °C. The intensity ratio of the D and G bands (ID/IG ratio) for GO nano-powder in the Raman spectra decreased from 0.94 to 0.76 due to the reduction process. The FTIR spectra of GO and reduced graphene oxide (rGO) also illustrated the reduction process. The bandgap of pristine GO significantly decreased from 2.31 to 0.73 eV, as determined by ultraviolet–visible (UV–Vis) diffuse reflectance spectrophotometry during the reduction process. The surface area and pore volume of both pristine GO and rGO-150 were determined using the BET (Brunauer-Emmett-Teller) and BJH (Barrett-Joyner-Halenda) methods. The results indicated an increase in the BET surface area from 6.61 to 7.86 m2/g and a corresponding enhancement in pore volume from 0.118 to 0.128 cc/g after reduction. The adsorption and photocatalytic degradation behavior of pristine GO and reduced graphene oxides (rGOs) were examined using methylene blue dye. The pristine GO demonstrated impressive adsorption capability, effectively removing the dye by 85.78 % within just 15 min and achieving nearly 97 % removal after 4 h. In contrast, the highest photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue, about 47.58 %, was attained for the rGO sample reduced at 150 °C under the illumination of visible light.

Introduction: Medicinal plants have played an essential role in the treatment of human diseases and their associated secondary complications since early childhood in the medical systems of China, India, Korea, and Japan. Aromadendrin is a phytochemical member of the flavonoid class found in many medicinal plants such as Persica vulgaris, Chionanthus retusus, Populus davidiana, Olea europaea, Spatholobus suberectus, Akschindlium godefroyanum, Chionanthus retusu, Cudrania tricuspidata, Populus davidiana, Hemiptelea davidii and Gelditsia sinensis. The purpose of this article is to summarize scientific information on the medicinal efficacy, pharmacological activity, and analytical aspects of aromadendrin in medicine. Methods: This article discusses the biological significance and therapeutic effects of aromadendrin along with its analytical aspects to know the therapeutic potential of aromadendrin in medicine. All scientific information about aromadendrin was collected from Google, PubMed, Scopus, and Science Direct. Additionally, aromadendrin belongs to the flavonoid class, so to know its health benefits, the biological importance of flavonoids will also be discussed in this article. Additionally, the analytical aspects of aromadendrin are also discussed in this article. Results: This article discusses the biological significance and therapeutic efficacy of aromadendrin in the treatment of human diseases. This study reveals aromadendrin immunosuppressive, antiproliferative, anti-inflammatory, gastroprotective, antibacterial, trypanocidal, anticandida, antioxidant and cytotoxic potential in medicine. In addition, aromadendrin also has significant effects on cardiac hypertrophy, glucose absorption, non-small cell lung cancer, liver damage, acute pancreatitis, enzymes, and multidrug resistance. However, analytical parameters for aromadendrin separation, isolation, and identification are also discussed in this article. Discussion and conclusion: Present work described the different pharmacological activities of aromadendrin with their molecular mechanism. The present study provides new insights into the biological applications of aromadendrin and will help explore its therapeutic potential for many types of human diseases. This study will help understand the biological potential and benefits of aromadendrin in medicine.

Introduction: Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), Neolamarckia cadamba (NMCA), a member of the Rubiaceae family, is well-known for its rich assortment of phytochemicals and has a historical use in addressing various health issues. Quercetin is a bioactive compound that is widely used in botanical medicine and TCM because of its potent antioxidant activity. This study aimed to assess HPTLC analysis and explore the wound healing, antidiabetic, and antioxidant properties of optimized extracts from NMCA stems and bark. The objective of this study was to analyze the metabolites present in the plant and their potential health-related benefits. Methods: The phytoconstituents in NMCA were identified by HPTLC analysis of its ethanolic extracts. The antioxidant activity was assessed using ABTS+ and DPPH assays. Furthermore, potential antidiabetic effects were investigated using inhibition assays targeting α-amylase and α-glucosidase. In addition, the evaluation included an MTT assay (HaCaT cell line) for cell viability and a wound healing scratch assay for cell migration. Result: The ethanolic extract of NMCA was subjected to phytochemical analysis, which revealed the presence of diverse phytoconstituents, including alkaloids, flavonoid phenols, saponins, steroids, glycosides, and tannins. Subsequent HPTLC analysis confirmed the presence of quercetin in the extract. However, the MTT assay indicated the (IC50 313.3 ± 0.091 µg/ml) for NMCA plant extract. The wound healing scratch assay demonstrated significant cell migration. Notably, the ethanolic extract displayed significant antioxidant and antidiabetic activities in a dose-dependent manner. The antioxidant potential was evident in the ABTS+ radical scavenging assay (41.168 %) and DPPH radical scavenging assay, with an (IC50 185.275 µg/mL). Antidiabetic effects were demonstrated through the inhibition of α-amylase (IC50 37.23 ± 1.49 μM) and α-glucosidase (IC50 38.26 ± 1.72 μM). Comparatively, the standard acarbose exhibited (IC50 38.94 ± 0.45 μM) for α-glucosidase and (IC50 34.61 ± 3.71 μM) for α-amylase. Furthermore, the ethanolic extract of NMCA, which is rich in phytoconstituents and quercetin, displayed potent wound healing and antidiabetic and antioxidant properties, suggesting its potential therapeutic significance. Discussion: These results further corroborate the longstanding medicinal use of NMCA, suggesting its therapeutic potential in addressing wound healing, oxidative stress, and diabetes mellitus.

Iron (Fe) deficiency is a pressing global health concern, particularly affecting vulnerable groups like women and children in resource-limited areas. Addressing this challenge requires innovative solutions, and biofortified crops, like Fe-enriched wheat, can offer a sustainable solution to improve nutrition in cereal-based diets. While conventional breeding methods have yielded competitive Fe-biofortified wheat varieties across various nations, the imminent challenges in securing food and nutritional security for the future necessitate a delicate balance: maintaining genetic progress in grain yield while concurrently elevating grain Fe content. Despite substantial strides in elucidating the intricacies of Fe homeostasis, there remains a substantial knowledge gap, especially in the context of wheat and similar crop species. It is paramount to gain a comprehensive understanding of the hurdles impeding Fe enrichment in plant tissues and delve into the diverse mechanisms governing Fe uptake, translocation, transport, and storage within wheat. To surmount these challenges, researchers have explored a multitude of strategies, including mutagenesis, QTL mapping, meta-QTL analysis, GWAS, transgenesis, and genome editing. Furthermore, harnessing the potential of microorganisms, particularly engineered endophytes coupled with plant genes associated with Fe accumulation, emerges as a promising and pragmatic tool for augmenting Fe biofortification in wheat. This comprehensive review underscores the significant advancements made in unravelling the genetic and genomic aspects of Fe accumulation in wheat, while also delineating the future research directions in this field. By synergistically deploying these multifaceted approaches, scientists hold the potential to develop wheat varieties characterized by enhanced grain Fe content, improved bioavailability, and reduced anti-nutritional factors. Such innovations can play a pivotal role in advancing nutrition and health outcomes for populations reliant on wheat-based diets, particularly in resource-scarce regions.

Abstract The river stage is certainly an important indicator of how the water level fluctuates overtime. Continuous control of the water stage can help build an early warning indicator of floods along rivers and streams. Hence, forecasting river stages up to several days in advance is very important and constitutes a challenging task. Over the past few decades, the use of machine learning paradigm to investigate complex hydrological systems has gained significant importance, and forecasting river stage is one of the promising areas of investigations. Traditional in situ measurements, which are sometime restricted by the existing of several handicaps especially in terms of regular access to any points alongside the streams and rivers, can be overpassed by the use of modeling approaches. For more accurate forecasting of river stages, we suggest a new modeling framework based on machine learning. A hybrid forecasting approach was developed by combining machine learning techniques, namely random forest regression (RFR), bootstrap aggregating (Bagging), adaptive boosting (AdaBoost), and artificial neural network (ANN), with empirical mode decomposition (EMD) to provide a robust forecasting model. The singles models were first applied using only the river stage data without preprocessing, and in the following step, the data were decomposed into several intrinsic mode functions (IMF), which were then used as new input variables. According to the obtained results, the proposed models showed improved results compared to the standard RFR without EMD for which, the error performances metrics were drastically reduced, and the correlation index was increased remarkably and great changes in models’ performances have taken place. The RFR_EMD, Bagging_EMD, and AdaBoost_EMD were less accurate than the ANN_EMD model, which had higher R≈0.974, NSE≈0.949, RMSE≈0.330 and MAE≈0.175 values. While the RFR_EMD and the Bagging_EMD were relatively equal and exhibited the same accuracies higher than the AdaBoost_EMD, the superiority of the ANN_EMD was obvious. The proposed model shows the potential for combining signal decomposition with machine learning, which can serve as a basis for new insights into river stage forecasting.

Abstract Background Prior evidence demonstrated that Regulator of G protein Signaling 6 (RGS6) translocates to the nucleolus in response to cytotoxic stress though the functional significance of this phenomenon remains unknown. Methods Utilizing in vivo gene manipulations in mice, primary murine cardiac cells, human cell lines and human patient samples we dissect the participation of a RGS6-nucleolin complex in chemotherapy-dependent cardiotoxicity. Results Here we demonstrate that RGS6 binds to a key nucleolar protein, Nucleolin, and controls its expression and activity in cardiomyocytes. In the human myocyte AC-16 cell line, induced pluripotent stem cell derived cardiomyocytes, primary murine cardiomyocytes, and the intact murine myocardium tuning RGS6 levels via overexpression or knockdown resulted in diametrically opposed impacts on Nucleolin mRNA, protein, and phosphorylation.RGS6 depletion provided marked protection against nucleolar stress-mediated cell death in vitro, and, conversely, RGS6 overexpression suppressed ribosomal RNA production, a key output of the nucleolus, and triggered death of myocytes. Importantly, overexpression of either Nucleolin or Nucleolin effector miRNA-21 counteracted the pro-apoptotic effects of RGS6. In both human and murine heart tissue, exposure to the genotoxic stressor doxorubicin was associated with an increase in the ratio of RGS6/Nucleolin. Preventing RGS6 induction via introduction of RGS6-directed shRNA via intracardiac injection proved cardioprotective in mice and was accompanied by restored Nucleolin/miRNA-21 expression, decreased nucleolar stress, and decreased expression of pro-apoptotic, hypertrophy, and oxidative stress markers in heart. Conclusion Together, these data implicate RGS6 as a driver of nucleolar stress-dependent cell death in cardiomyocytes via its ability to modulate Nucleolin. This work represents the first demonstration of a functional role for an RGS protein in the nucleolus and identifies the RGS6/Nucleolin interaction as a possible new therapeutic target in the prevention of cardiotoxicity.

Abstract Invasive plant species are considered one of the significant drivers of habitat loss, leading to biodiversity loss. They have also been observed to alter the local ecology, resulting in a decline of native flora. The management of invasive species is widely recognised as one of the most severe challenges to biodiversity conservation. The International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) considers Lantana camara, as one of the ten worst weeds. Over time, native and indigenous species may evolve to co-exist or compete with invasive species, reducing invader fitness. It is observed that species competition fluctuates throughout environmental gradients, life phases, and abundances. Hence, competition outcome is very context-dependent. To address this challenge, we conducted a comprehensive study in three phases: we identified native species coexisting with Lantana in their natural habitats in the Doon Valley (Phase I) and documented the phenotypic traits of selected coexisting species using the Landmark BBCH (Biologische Bun-desantalt, Bundessortenamt und Chemische Industrie) scale, revealing the phenological growth patterns of selected co-existing species (Phase II). This was followed by conducting pot (Phase IIIa) and field (Phase IIIb) experiments to study the interactions between them. Notably, Justicia adhatoda, Broussonetia papyrifera, Pongamia pinnata, Urtica dioica and Bauhinia variegata demonstrated promising results in both pot and field conditions. Furthermore, after the mechanical removal of Lantana and prior to the plantation in the field experiments, four native grass species were introduced using the seed ball method. Among these, Pennisetum pedicellatum and Sorghum halpense exhibited prompt regeneration and effectively colonised the field, densely covering the cleared area. The study provides a comprehensive management plan for the restoration of Lantana affected areas through competition using native species. This study utilizes phenological assessment for native plant selection using reclamation from native grasses and proposes a management plan for combating invasive Lantana.

The generalized $M$-series is a hybrid function of generalized Mittag-Leffler function and generalized hypergeometric function. The principal aim of this paper is to investigate certain properties resembling those of the Mittag-Leffler and Hypergeometric functions including various differential and integral formulas associated with generalized $M$-series. Certain corollaries involving the generalized hypergeometric function are also discussed. Further, in view of Hadamard product of two analytic functions, we have represented our main findings in Hadamard product of two known functions.

Background: Abdominal trauma is commonly encountered injury caused mainly due to road traffic accidents (RTA). The research aimed to study the cases of abdominal trauma, its different modes of presentation and correlation of radiological and clinical findings with operative findings in these patients. Material and methods: An observational study was conducted in a tertiary care institute. Hemodynamic instability and finding of shattered solid viscera on imaging and/or other injury requiring exploration were the criteria for surgical intervention. Radiological findings were then compared with the operative findings. In addition, clinical parameters were recorded till the patient was discharged and then analyzed. Results: A total of 62 patients presenting in Trauma Centre with an antecedent history of blunt abdominal trauma. Most common age group affected was 21-40 years and mean age was 30.4 + 11.56 years. Males were more affected and RTA was the most common mode of injury. Associated injuries included chest injuries (20.9%), limb fracture (19.35%) and soft tissue injuries (4.83%). Twenty patients were operated and rest of patients were managed conservatively. Sensitivity of USG in detecting liver and splenic injuries was 100% and specificity was 92.3% and 92.8% respectively. Sensitivity of CT for detecting injury to liver, spleen, renal, pancreas and small bowel was 100%, 83.3%, 100%, 100% and 83.3% and specificity was 100% in all injuries. Mortality rate in our study was 4.83%. Conclusion: High degree of suspicion and prompt screening by radiological investigations of patients should be done to rule out intraabdominal injury. Necessary investigations and early surgery whenever required is the key to management of blunt trauma patients

In this case report, a 27-year-old woman who had pre-eclampsia in the past and had a cesarean section as a result of the condition presents with an uncommon and difficult form of postpartum paraplegia. She experienced bilateral lower limb paralysis and urine incontinence soon after the surgery, which quickly led to unconsciousness and required mechanical ventilator support and intensive care treatment. Comprehensive diagnostic testing, which included magnetic resonance imaging scans of the brain and spinal cord, identified signs typical of “Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy Syndrome (PRES)” and spinal cord infarction affecting segments C3 to D2. “Antiphospholipid Antibody Syndrome (APLA)” was identified by laboratory testing, highlighting the significance of taking a thorough approach to comprehending this uncommon clinical condition. Treatment included anticoagulant therapy, high-dose steroid therapy, and antihypertensive drugs, emphasizing the crucial importance of inter-disciplinary care in handling such complex situations. Even if the patient's symptoms have partially improved, their condition is still being closely monitored in the intensive care unit. In the context of postpartum neurological problems and the complex interplay between pre-eclampsia, spinal cord infarction, and related clinical symptoms, this case emphasizes the need for increased awareness and prompt management.