Exploring the health beneficial properties of okanin and isookanin in human complications

Introduction: Herbal medicine has been used worldwide for thousands of years to treat human diseases and their associated secondary complications due to their medicinal efficacy, easy availability, and reduced side effects. Coreopsis tincica is a small, glabrous, aromatic annual plant with antioxidant, antihyperglycemic, and cardioprotective properties. Okanin and isookanin are an important phytochemicals of capitula of Coreopsis tinctoria. Methods: The aim of this review is to describe the medicinal efficacy, pharmacological activity, and analytical aspects of okanin and isookanin, along with their possible mechanisms of action. In the current review, we searched literature databases such as Google, Science Direct, PubMed, and Google Scholar to collect all the scientific information of okanin and isookanin. However, this review also addresses the pharmacokinetic and analytical parameters of okanin and isookanin. Scientific data on the separation, isolation, and identification of okanin and isookanin in various biological and non-biological samples are also presented here in this review. Results: The scientific evidence of this review shows the biological potential of okanin and isookanin in medicine. Okanin has potential antithrombotic, antioxidant, and antihyperuricemic effects in medicine. However, okanin has potential against neurodegenerative diseases, xanthine oxidase, inducible nitric oxide synthase, Candida albicans, aromatase, and intestinal absorption. Furthermore, this review demonstrated the angiogenic, anti-inflammatory, antiviral, antidiabetic, and antioxidant potential of isookanin. Additionally, isookanin also has effectiveness on aromatase and amylase enzymes. This review also discusses analytical aspects of okanin and isookanin in medicine. The scientific data presented in this review also supports the traditional uses of Coreopsis tinctoria. Discussion: Okanin and isookanin have great therapeutic potential in medicine and may be used for the development of new drugs in modern medicine. However, detailed pharmacological studies are very important for clinical applications and molecular mechanisms of okanin and isookanin in the scientific field.