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The aim of channel models is the effective prediction of wireless channels in applicationspecific environments in order to successfully design wireless communication systems. For THz communications, deterministic ray-optical channel predictions are very common. This paper shows inherent limitations of ray-tracing based models due to the accuracy of three-dimensional models of the environment in the context of THz communications and presents a new hybrid channel model approach that combines ray-optical channel predictions with an analytic path gain model extracted from measurements. The model is applied for switchable, point-to-point, wireless inter-rack links at THz frequencies in a data center that make the data center network reconfigurable at runtime. The channel parameters derived by the novel hybrid approach show promising results compared with channel parameters extracted from conducted reference measurements with an overall path gain error below 5 dB for residual multipath components.

This article presents comprehensive double-directional channel measurements with time-domain channel sounding at 300 GHz that characterize the channel of wireless links in a data center. The channels are classified into three scenario-dependent use cases and are individually analyzed providing channel parameters as a function of the required signal-to-noise ratio of the prospective communication system. The spatial and temporal analysis of the channel reveals relevant propagation effects such as the influence of scattering and derives relations between the channel parameters of the propagation and the radio channel. The analysis shows that multipath propagation becomes relevant for systems with high signal-to-noise ratio requirements despite high-gain directional antennas. A first order approximation of relevant propagation effects complements the analysis. The measurement data of the whole measurement campaign with 18250 calibrated impulse responses including all meta data is published so that the research community has a collective benefit.

Thin-walled channel beams such as cold-formed steel purlins are primarily used to withstand wind forces in the roofing and walling systems of buildings. Traditionally, these types of members are usually designed for bending moments, with the effects of torsion ignored. However, the loading on thin-walled channels can be much more complicated than simple bending actions. Because of the position of the shear centre outside the section, channels can undergo bending and torsion when subjected to vertical load on the top flange. The applied torsion may cause significant stresses in the channel, which may need to be accounted for in design. There appears to be no research on quantifying the effects of torsion on thin-walled channels subjected to a uniformly distributed load acting on the top flange. In this paper, a theoretical solution is derived for calculating the longitudinal stresses in thin-walled channels subjected to torsion caused by a uniformly distributed load acting on the top flange. The theory is validated by modelling the channels in a finite-element analysis. The theoretical results include calculations of the twist rotation, bimoment, sectorial coordinate and longitudinal stresses, while the results from the finite-element analysis include the twist rotation and longitudinal stresses. The results show that the longitudinal stresses caused by torsion can significantly exceed those caused by the bending moment. Practical advice is also given for engineers on how to minimize torsion in cold-formed steel purlins.

In this paper, we investigate the Leray problem for steady Navier–Stokes system with full slip boundary conditions in a two-dimensional channel with straight outlets. The existence of solutions with arbitrary flux in a general channel supplemented with slip boundary conditions, which tend to the associated shear flows at far fields, is established. Furthermore, if the flux is suitably small, the solution is proved to be unique. One of the crucial ingredients is to construct an appropriate flux carrier and to show a Hardy type inequality for flows with full slip boundary conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Quantum coherence and quantum correlations are important components of quantum information theory, which play important roles in quantum information processing. In this paper, we quantify correlations from coherence. The correlations relative to channels via metric-adjusted skew information are put forward. The corresponding results are suitable for special channels, such as positive operator-valued measurements (POVMs), projection measurements and von Neumann measurements. In addition, we discuss the dynamics of quantum correlations in the Bell-diagonal state relative to some classical channels via metric-adjusted skew information. The typical two are the Werner state and the isotropic state. We find that some separable states in entanglement resources theory possess correlations. It also shows quantum channels will disturb quantum states and have a great influence on the correlations. The correlations relative to different channels via different versions of metric-adjusted skew information have their advantages. This has inspired one to study the problem of the existence and action of various quantum correlations in quantum theory to be easily applied to experiments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A model of the multichannel queuing system is considered. Each channel contains some service lines. There are several input flows. Each customer requires several lines to be serviced. If the channel does not have a sufficient number of service lines, it is possible to reorient this customer to another channel. The service line has a distribution function of a general form depending both on the flow and on the number of lines required by the customer. A fast simulation method aimed to evaluate the blocking probability of customers of a certain flow with a given number of service lines is proposed. The method is compared with the Monte Carlo method using numerical example, and the gain in simulation time is illustrated in particular. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A model of the multichannel queuing system is considered. Each channel contains some service lines. There are several input flows. Each customer requires several lines to be serviced. If the channel does not have a sufficient number of service lines, it is possible to reorient this customer to another channel. The service time has a distribution function of a general form depending both on the flow and on the number of lines required by the customer. A fast simulation method aimed to evaluate the blocking probability of customers of a certain flow with a given number of service lines is proposed. The method is compared with the Monte Carlo method using numerical example and the gain in simulation time is illustrated in particular. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Blockchain refers to distributed ledger technology which stores records without the help of a central authority. Born with bitcoin, this brainstorming technology finds its applications in healthcare, land registry, education, pharmaceutical industry, digital records, manufacturing companies and so on. The properties of blockchain such as immutability, distributed nature, tamper-resistant made it a disruptive technology in many applications. The highlighting feature of this pioneering technology is the distributed storage of ledger on all the nodes of the network. This helps to achieve decentralization without the trust for third party. The transactions are proposed, executed, validated and are then added as blocks to the blockchain. The problems with all the blockchain framework is scalability with respect to storage space and throughput. Scalability is the most significant factor to be considered in this big data era. This article proposes a solution called Channel Based Clustered Sharding (CBCS) approach for Hyperledger fabric blockchain framework. In this work, a lookup table is maintained which helps in forwarding the transactions to the clustered shards for validation. The CBCS approach helps in parallel transaction processing which in turn improves scalability and throughput of the system. The performance of the proposed work is measured with the help of Hyperledger caliper, a benchmarking tool for the performance analysis of Hyperledger fabric. The results show that the performance of the proposed system is increased from 3000 tps to 30,000 tps. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Outer membrane proteins perform essential functions in uptake and secretion processes in bacteria. MspA is an octameric channel protein in the outer membrane of Mycobacterium smegmatis and is structurally distinct from any other known outer membrane protein. MspA is the founding member of a family with more than 3000 homologs and is one of the most widely used proteins in nanotechnological applications due to its advantageous pore structure and extraordinary stability. While a conserved C‐terminal signal sequence is essential for folding and protein assembly in the outer membrane of Gram‐negative bacteria, the molecular determinants of these processes are unknown for MspA. In this study, we show that mutation and deletion of methionine 183 in the highly conserved C‐terminus of MspA and mutation of the conserved tryptophan 40 lead to a complete loss of protein in heat extracts of M. smegmatis. Swapping these residues partially restores the heat stability of MspA indicating that methionine 183 and tryptophan 40 form a conserved sulfur‐π electron interaction, which stabilizes the MspA monomer. Flow cytometry showed that all MspA mutants are surface‐accessible demonstrating that oligomerization and membrane integration in M. smegmatis are not affected. Thus, the conserved C‐terminus of MspA is essential for its thermal stability, but it is not required for protein assembly in its native membrane, indicating that this process is mediated by a mechanism distinct from that in Gram‐negative bacteria. These findings will benefit the rational design of MspA‐like pores to tailor their properties in current and future applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The investigation of dual-mode synaptic plasticity was conducted in thin-film transistors (TFTs) featuring an HfSe2 channel, coupled with an oxygen-deficient (OD)-HfO2 layer structure. In these transistors, the application of negative gate pulses resulted in a notable increase in the post-synaptic current, while positive pulses led to a decrease. This distinctive response can be attributed to the dynamic interplay of charge interactions, significantly influenced by the ferroelectric characteristics of the OD-HfO2 layer. The findings from this study highlight the capability of this particular TFT configuration in closely mirroring the intricate functionalities of biological neurons, paving the way for advancements in bio-inspired computing technologies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The newly built oil terminal in a certain port is an offshore type, which adopts the method of a cross-channel buried subsea pipelines, connected to the shore, and the subsea pipeline needs to be protected by backfilled protection overlay. Based on the DNV series specifications, the up-heave buckling, settlement, anti-floating, and impact energy absorption of the pipeline were analyzed, and the thickness, composition and backfill parameters of the protection overlay were determined, to ensure that the pipeline is not damaged during construction and the in-place situation is stable during operation. The construction technology comparison, detail construction method and implementation effect of the protection overlay of the subsea pipeline were described. The practice proves that the design of the subsea pipeline protection overlay is reasonable and the selected construction method is suitable, which can be used as reference for similar projects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presented the performance of physical layer security of permutation index (PI) with modulating bits-based orthogonal frequency division multiplexing differential chaos shift keying system (PIM-OFDMDCSK), the objective behind PIM-OFDM-DCSK is to improve and increase the information rate, spectral, and energy efficiencies. In PIM-OFDM-DCSK, the (M) subcarriers, each carry (n+1) bits. The n bits are index bits utilized to choose one permutation of the chaotic reference. On the receiver, after OFDM demodulation, the correlation is made between the permuted versions of the chaotic reference and the received bearing sequence of data. Then the received bits are assessed by determining the maximum correlator outputs via which the n bits are detected. Then the maximum output correlator sign is utilized to detect the modulating bit. The performance of the PIM-OFDM-DCSK is tested under additive white gaussian noise and multipath fading channel. Furthermore, the bit error rate is derived based on the wiretap system for the proposed PIM-OFDM-DCSK and compared with other DCSK modulations. The results show that the proposed PIM-OFDM-DCSK scheme is promising and competitive compared with other DCSK system, and the best BER performance is as an increase in the value of n and a decrease in the value of β. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The problem of a fully developed turbulent flow and developed heat transfer was solved numerically at a Reynolds number ranging from 5 × 104 to 2 × 105 for a spatially periodic model of a one-sided ribbed channel as a prototype of the flow path of an internal convective cooling system for a gas turbine blade. The flow and heat transfer were investigated at the Prandtl number of 0.7. The channel has a rectangular cross-section with an aspect ratio of 1.5. Square ribs with a 10% rib-to-channel height ratio are installed on one of the wide channel walls at an angle of 45° to the longitudinal axis of the channel. To quantify the effect of ribs on the flow and heat transfer, the integral parameters, such as hydraulic resistance factor and Nusselt number determined from the grid-converged solutions, are compared with the integral parameters for a fully developed flow and heat transfer in a smooth channel predicted by the same numerical method. The results of numerical simulation for the ribbed channel are also compared with published experimental data obtained under partly similar conditions. The predicted hydraulic resistance factor agrees well with the experiment. The predicted heat transfer agrees with the experiment within 11%, but the trends in heat transfer with increasing Reynolds number obtained using numerical and physical simulation are different. This difference may be caused by the fact that fully developed heat transfer could not be attained in the short experimental channel. Analytical power-law dependences on the Reynolds number are obtained for the hydraulic resistance factor and the Nusselt number pertaining to all channel walls and only to the ribbed wall. It is pointed out that the hydraulic resistance factor depends weakly on the Reynolds number, which is typical for local resistances, and the dependences for Nusselt numbers corrected for the specifics of the problem are close to the dependences for near-wall layers and flows in smooth channels. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The Fast Health Interoperability Resources (FHIR) standard was proposed and released to solve the interoperability problems of the electronic health records. The FHIR Subscription resources are used to establish real-time event notifications from the FHIR server to another system. There are several communication channels such as rest-hook and websocket. The objective of our work is to compare the performance of the FHIR subscription using the resthook and websocket channels. Methods: HAPI FHIR server, python websocket clients and HTTP endpoints were used to measure the processor and memory usage of the two subscription channels. Tests were performed with 5, 10, 15, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70 and 80 clients. The performance was logged using windows performance monitor. Results: The rest-hook subscription showed near six-fold increase in resource utilization when increasing the clients from 5 to 80. On the contrary, the websocket subscription channel did not reach a two-fold increase. Conclusion: The type of the subscription channel should be carefully selected and load distribution should be considered when the number of clients grows. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Stainless steel bipolar plates (BPs) fabricated using innovative additive manufacturing techniques can improve fuel cell performance and reduce costs. A high current density can be obtained using a low‐cost membrane electrode assembly (MEA) with low platinum (Pt) loading at the anode, along with BPs with rectangular micro channels. Three types of BPs of serpentine flow field are designed after varying the width of the rectangular channel. Two types of MEAs are used. First is 0.12 mg cm−2 Pt loading at anode, and the second is 0.50 mg cm−2. Wherein MEA with Pt loading at 0.12 mg cm−2 is used, a high current density is obtained as the channel width decreases. The BP with 300 µm channels has a current density of 1.205 A cm−2, which is higher by 31.4% than that of BP with 500 µm channels and higher by 70.2% than that of the BP with 940 µm channels. However, when the MEA with Pt loading at 0.50 mg cm−2 is applied to the test, the opposite results are obtained: As the channel width becomes narrow, the current density decreases. In the long‐term operation, a similar trend in the current density as that of the short‐term operation is observed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article provides a brief overview of irrigation systems and canals applied to slopes, landslide-prone, seismic areas, and swelling and collapsing soils. The new construction of the canal used for irrigation, energy and water supply purposes is described. In order to ensure the durability, longevity and reliability of the channel, a damping mat made of cast material is created under its cover, and the top is covered with a waterproof screen. Dowels are placed on the bottom and sides of the channel and the bottom dowel is riveted to the solid bedrock and connected with piles placed at certain distances. Drainage was placed next to the bottom dowel, an operation road was created on one side of the channel, and a berm road was created on the other side. A bathtub was built on the side of the road and a forest-bush strip was built on its bank. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this article, we report the design and fabrication of a 'do-it-yourself' microfluidic channel with a circular cross-section, created outside a cleanroom facility. In this approach, the fabrication of the channel do not require any chemical etching or lithography steps, making it safe and suitable for small research groups. The channel is fabricated using the soft-lithography method in polydimethylsiloxane (Sylgard® 184). A copper wire with a diameter of 240 µm is used as a mold, and the channel is created using the wire pull-out method. This work also addresses the optimal use of polydimethylsiloxane in channel fabrication, as well as the challenges faced when connecting the microchannel to the outside world via tubing and techniques to overcome them. All simulations were conducted using COMSOL Multiphysics 6.0. The analytical, simulation, and test results, show a good match. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study conducts a thorough numerical analysis of a complex problem involving magnetohydrodynamic flow, radiation, activation energy, Soret, the Dufour effect, and heat transfer in a permeable channel for a Maxwell fluid. Governing equations for momentum, concentration, and heat are transformed into ordinary differential equations through a similarity transformation, enabling focused analysis. Utilizing a fourth-order Runge-Kutta scheme, we compute dimensionless velocity, temperature, and concentration fields for the steady motion of a Maxwell fluid in a channel. To ensure accuracy, our results are validated against existing research, showing excellent agreement. The study investigates the impact of various physical parameters on fluid motion, revealing insights such as decreased velocity and concentration with increased chemical reaction, and rising fluid temperature. Additionally, concentration distribution decreases with a chemical reaction and a higher Schmidt number. This research enhances understanding of complex fluid dynamics, providing valuable insights for engineering applications, particularly in industries requiring precise fluid behavior control. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The water resources formed in the territory of the liberated Karabakh region have special importance in the sustainable water supply of the republic. By using these water resources effectively and comprehensively, it is possible to reliably supply water to the population located in the territory of the liberated Karabakh and East Zangezur economic regions. It is necessary to efficiently use the water resources of these rivers, which are very loaded in autumn and spring. It is possible to fully meet the electricity demand of the population living in these economic regions by building hydraulic engineering devices for various purposes on these rivers and create large fishing farms by using the water resources that will be collected in the reservoir basins. In the article, the issues related to the management of the water resources of the Barghushad and Hekari Rivers, which have great hydropower and biological potential. Only the hydropower potential of the Okhchu River, which is located in the area and extremely polluted by Armenia, can be used. The water of the Okhchu River, which is extremely toxic and polluted with heavy metals, poses a serious threat to the fish stock of the Khudafar reservoir built on the Araz River. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The problem of periodic oscillations of a dipole, specifically its strength, along the principal axes in a three-dimensional frozen channel is considered. The key points of the problem are taking into account the linear thickness of ice across the channel and ice porosity within Darcy's law. The fluid in the channel is inviscid and incompressible; the flow is potential. It is expected that the oscillations of a small radius dipole well approximate the oscillations of a small radius sphere at a sufficient depth of immersion of the dipole. It was found that during oscillations along the channel and vertical oscillations, waves are generated in the channel, propagating along the channel with a frequency equal to the frequency of dipole oscillations. These waves decay far from the dipole, and the rate of decay depends on the porosity coefficient. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article presents methods for determining the relationship between the flow and hydraulic parameters of rivers, channels, and channel processes based on correlation analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article focuses on a noise of aerodynamic origin, generated by the flow over single and multiple rectangular cavities. The paper presents the methodology and results of the conducted numerical simulations of the air flow in a channel with a set of rectangular cavities. The aeroacoustic wave equation was used to determine the acoustic pressure generated by the flow. Various configurations of the cavities made it possible to study the influence of their reciprocal location on the generated sound. The research showed that as the distance between the cavities decreased, the acoustic pressure levels increased. They were several decibels higher than for the single-cavity case. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The abstract is categorized into the following sections as.Background: There are various challenges in the real life, which are required to deal with the specific intervals. Fuzzification is most appropriate way to find the solutions and can provide the accurate results of uncertain problems in specific intervals. Some conditions and imprecise parameters make the problems based on the fluid flow uncertain.Purpose: This current attempt focuses on the investigation of inclined magnetized Cross fluid flow in fuzzy conditions embedded with the chemical process with fuzzy complex conditions.Formulation: The governing system of modeled PDEs are tackled numerically with the utilization of finite difference method under fuzzy conditions at the boundary surface.Finding: The magnetic parameter intensifies the velocity field and induced magnetic field H. Amplification in viscosity parameter diminishes the velocity.Novelty: α‐cut technique for the case of fuzzified Cross fluid has not been studied in the accessible literature.

The work is devoted to an experimental study of the behavior of bubbles when capturing pulverized materials with nanoparticles in the course of colliding of gas-liquid jets in a bubbling layer. The article discusses the use of channels in a jet bubbler and the dependence for detecting horizontal movement of bubbles with nanoparticles in them. The purpose of this stage of research is to study the behavior of gas-liquid jets when exiting without a guide channel and through a guide channel. The results of experiments conducted on the patented design of the jet bubbler are analyzed. The article presents the results of experiments conducted to study the shapes and sizes of formed gas bubbles. The graphs constructed after processing the frames of the kinogram according to the data of the experiments are given. On the basis of preliminary tests, the features of using channels to create the jet collisions in an experimental setup to increase the range of captured solid particles, including nanoparticles, are substantiated.

The optimal operating modes are determined for channel sections based on the condition that all lateral water intakes are guaranteed to receive the planned flow rates of water resources with minimal filtration and evaporation water losses. Lateral outlets are guaranteed to receive water flows if they have appropriate heads of water in front of the facility. These necessary heads determine the values of water levels in the channel sections, which are determined in the process of water distribution. In the process of operational management of water resources in mechanical water-lifting systems, established water distribution limits are implemented, taking into account the current actual situation with the availability of water resources and the technical characteristics of pumping stations and hydrotechnical structures of the irrigation system, as well as the technical characteristics of hydrotechnical structures and canal sections of the entire irrigation system. Currently, optimal management of water resources is carried out with the help of a dispatch service, and the operating modes of canal sections are determined by dispatchers. Therefore, significant deviations of actual regimes from planned values, unevenness and instability of water supply to consumers are constantly observed. Based on the above, the article developed mathematical models of the unsteady flow of water resources in the section of the main canal and seasonal reservoir based on the nonlinear differential equations of Saint-Venant. An algorithmic sequence for determining the operating modes of a hydraulic structure is also given, with the help of which it is possible to manage the water resources of the main canal, which will satisfy the needs of water users with minimal losses of water and energy resources.

Objective. Mathematical modeling of heat transfer in pipes with turbulators for viscous heat carriers at Reynolds numbers characteristic of laminar and transient flow regimes is carried out by the calculation method. The solution of the heat exchange problem for semicircular cross-section flow turbulators based on multiblock computing technologies based on the solution of the Reynolds equations (closed for the transient mode using the Menter shear stress transfer model) and the energy equation (on multi-scale intersecting structured grids) by the factorized finite-volume method (FCOM) was considered.Method. The calculation was carried out on the basis of a theoretical method based on the solution of the Reynolds equations, closed for transient modes using the Menter shear stress transfer model, and the energy equation on multiscale intersecting structured grids (FCOM), by a factorized finite-volume method.Result. Both local and averaged characteristics of the flow and heat exchange in pipes with turbulators for a viscous coolant for laminar and transient flow modes of the coolant were obtained using the FCOM method in the work, which made it possible to determine for these modes the levels of heat exchange intensification that satisfactorily correlate with the existing experiment.Conclusion. The calculated relative hydraulic resistance for low turbulators increases quite slightly, and for medium-altitude turbulators reaches 2÷2.5 to the critical Reynolds number, and subsequently it increases up to 3 times; for high turbulators, the relative hydraulic resistance increases up to 4 times even before the transition flow regime is reached, after which it increases up to 4.5 times. The calculated relative isothermal intensified heat exchange under the laminar flow regime of a viscous coolant for relatively high turbulators increases almost 2 times; for relatively medium heights of turbulators — almost one and a half, and for low relative heights, the intensification of heat exchange is insignificant.

The urgency of brash ice study is growing in connection with intensive shipping in fast ice zone of freezing seas as well as inland waterways. In addition, an important incentive for such studies is the design and construction of port infrastructure in these water areas. The review shows that the main directions of research refer to three main topics. 1) Investigation of morphometrical brash ice characteristics in navigable channels and harbors, their variability under ambient factors. The most well-studied morphometrical parameters of brash ice are relative channel thickness and its distribution over channel width. Size distribution details about brash ice floes are of great interest for researchers. 2) Investigation of porosity and mechanical properties of brash ice as a granular material taking account of freezing between individual ice blocks. In many respects, these parameters determine the pattern of brash ice interaction with ships and the possibility of their movement. 3) Description of consolidated layer formation in brash ice and refinement of predictions for brash ice growth in the water area under consideration depending on the intensity of ship traffic and the number of degree-days with negative temperatures over the time interval between ship passages. Large attention is given to new methods of studies including full-scale and laboratory experiments, as well as the use of ice basins for this purpose, with a brief review of thermal methods for brash ice management. The paper formulates some of the problems yet to solved, which require extra studies.

Esterases/lipases from the GDSL family have potential applications in the hydrolysis and synthesis of important esters of pharmaceutical, food, and biotechnical interests. However, the structural and functional understanding of GDSL enzymes is still limited. Here, we report the crystal structure of the GDSL family esterase EstL5 complexed with PMSF at 2.34 Å resolution. Intriguingly, the PMSF binding site is not located at the active site pocket but is situated in a surface cavity. At the active site, we note that there is a trapped crystallization solvent 1,6-hexanediol, which mimics the bound ester chain, allowing for further definition of the active site pocket of EstL5. The most striking structural feature of EstL5 is the presence of a unique channel, which extends approximately 18.9 Å, with a bottleneck radius of 6.8 Å, connecting the active-site pocket and the surface cavity. Replacement of Ser205 with the bulk aromatic residue Trp or Phe could partially block the channel at one end and perturb its access. Reduced enzymatic activity is found in the EstL5 S205W and EstL5 S205F mutants, suggesting the functional relevance of the channel to enzyme catalysis. Our study provides valuable information regarding the properties of the GDSL-family enzymes for designing more efficient and robust biocatalysts.

Potassium (K) is an essential macronutrient for plant growth and development and influences yield and quality of agricultural crops. Maize (Zea mays) is one of the most widely distributed crops worldwide. In China, although maize consumes a large amount of K fertilizer, the K uptake/utilization efficiency (KUE) of maize cultivars is relatively low. Elucidation of KUE mechanisms and development of maize cultivars with higher KUE are needed. Maize KUE is determined by K+ uptake, transport, and remobilization, which depend on a variety of K+ channels and transporters. We review basic information about K+ channels and transporters in maize, their functions and regulation, and the roles of K+ in nitrogen transport, sugar transport, and salt tolerance. We discuss challenges and prospects for maize KUE improvement.

In this study of the nanofluid flow in a channel, the power of the magnetic field has been introduced to the momentum and energy equations as an innovative development. The impact of heat transfer due to free convection has also been considered. Nanofluid modeling has made use of Buongiorno's model. The similarity solution was used to transform the governing equations of the problem into ordinary differential equations, which were then solved using the finite element method (FEM). Investigations have been done into how several factors, such as the Hartmann number, Eckert number, Brownian number, Thermophoresis, and Lewis number, affect the profile of velocity, temperature, and concentration. Results indicate that the reduction in the dimensionless maximum velocity increases by 10.7% from Ha = 0 to Ha = 5, 23.5% from Ha = 5 to Ha = 10, and 48.4% from Ha = 10 to Ha = 20. Also, the Joule heating effect is prominent, as evidenced by a significant increase in the dimensionless maximum temperature from Ha = 0 to Ha = 20, reaching a rise of 540.3%.

The generation of a directed flow on the water surface in channels with sources and resonators of capillary oscillations is detected and investigated. The surface flow is caused by the movement of the liquid through the gaps between the resonators, as well as between the resonator and the channel walls, under a curved surface that is locally deformed by the sources of capillary vibrations, the transfer of energy of the locally curved surface of the liquid by capillary waves, and the transmission of wave momentum to the particles of the liquid surface in one direction. It is shown that capillary waves together with the energy transfer an excess surface, the flux density of which is equal to the flux of the surface deformation. Moving devices with a capillary-wave accelerator of the surface liquid flow are demonstrated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Tertiary-age deep-marine succession cropping out between Tarifa and Algeciras can be subdivided into two units, namely the Late Eocene-?Early Oligocene Getares Unit and the overlying Oligocene-?Early Miocene Algeciras Formation. These strata comprise six sedimentary facies, ranging from thick-bedded sandstones to mudstones. The depositional settings are variable, comprising sandstone/calcarenite packages with intercalated mudstones and marls. The lowermost coarse-grained package is the Getares Unit (fan-fringe setting). This is overlain by the thick-bedded sandstones of the Algeciras Fm (channel, channel-margin setting) which pass upwards into more laterally-extensive beds (sheet-like lobe). Sediments were derived from a coastal setting to the north, as evidenced by occasionally abundant plant remains, from direct fluvial input (hyperpycnal flow). Within this succession, 34 ichnogenera (48 ichnospecies) have been recorded, including, Belorhaphe, Capodistria, Chondrites, Circulichnis, Cochlichnus, Cosmorhaphe, Desmograpton, Gordia, Halopoa, ?Helicorhaphe, Helminthopsis, Helminthorhaphe, Imponoglyphus, Lorenzinia, Megagrapton, Oldhamia, Ophiomorpha, Palaeophycus, Paleodictyon, ?Phycodes, Phycosiphon, Planolites, Protopaleodictyon, Protovirgularia, Scolicia, Skolithos, Spirophycus, Spirophyton, Spirohaphe, Taenidium, Teichichnus, Thalassinoides Urohelminthoida and Zoophycos. Of the ichnofossil assemblages that were defined, most are concentrated in the fan-fringe (Getares Unit; 74%) and channel/channel-margin (lowermost Algeciras Fm; 41%) settings, with a marked reduction in the sheet lobe system (uppermost Algeciras Fm; 9%). The ichnofaunal assemblage from the Tarifa-Almeria section represents the Nereites ichnofacies, or more specifically, the Paleodictyon and Nereites subichnofacies, both typified by abundant graphoglyptids. Deposition in the Algeciras-Tarifa region commenced with the mudstones underlying the Getares Unit followed by a sandstone package (fan fringe; Punta de Getares), indicative of fan progradation. Subsequent mudstones suggest a phase of quiescence before the deposition of the thick, sandy hyperpycnites in the lower part of the Algeciras Fm (Punta del Carnero I & II) where deposition was probably related to flooding events in the source rivers to the N. These were subsequently overlain by the Tarifa area lobe sediments. Deposition of the succession coincided with the transition from a Greenhouse to an Icehouse climatic regime (Eocene-Oligocene) and this change may be reflected in the marked reduction in ichnofaunas moving from the lower (Punta del Carnero) to the upper (Tarifa) Algeciras Fm. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Research in the field of pharmacology aims to generate new treatments for pathologies. Nowadays, there are an increased number of chronic disorders that severely and durably handicap many patients. Among the most widespread pathologies, obesity, which is often associated with diabetes, is constantly increasing in incidence, and in parallel, neurodegenerative and mood disorders are increasingly affecting many people. For years, these pathologies have been so frequently observed in the population in a concomitant way that they are considered as comorbidities. In fact, common mechanisms are certainly at work in the etiology of these pathologies. The main purpose of this review is to show the value of anticipating the effect of baseline treatment of a condition on its comorbidity in order to obtain concomitant positive actions. One of the implications would be that by understanding and targeting shared molecular mechanisms underlying these conditions, it may be possible to tailor drugs that address both simultaneously. To this end, we firstly remind readers of the close link existing between depression and diabetes and secondly address the potential benefit of the pleiotropic actions of two major active molecules used to treat central and peripheral disorders, first a serotonin reuptake inhibitor (Prozac ®) and then GLP-1R agonists. In the second part, by discussing the therapeutic potential of new experimental antidepressant molecules, we will support the concept that a better understanding of the intracellular signaling pathways targeted by pharmacological agents could lead to future synergistic treatments targeting solely positive effects for comorbidities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The S-model kinetic equation is used to study the rarefied gas flow from a high-pressure tank to a low-pressure one through a flat membrane with a finite number of pores. The kinetic equation is solved numerically using a second-order accurate implicit conservative method implemented in the in-house code Nesvetay. For transitional and continuum flow regimes, numerical solutions of the compressible Navier–Stokes equations are obtained. The gas flow rate through the system of pores and the forces acting on the membrane bars are investigated as functions of the Knudsen number (Kn) at a pressure ratio of 2 : 1 in the tanks. The features of the flow field near the membrane and away from it are described. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Little is known about the relationship between distribution and market share in the wine category. Understanding the influences of product and distribution characteristics at the SKU-level and incorporating them into marketing strategy and planning has important managerial and academic implications. Sales of 3,524 wine SKUs across 4,218 stores in 4 states in the US over one year of observation are analyzed. We use an established distribution velocity model (Reibstein & Farris 1995) to estimate the relationship between distribution and market share. We then use the market share deviations from the expected values and apply a secondary robust regression to investigate possible relationships between various product- and distribution characteristics and those market share deviations. The results show that the distribution velocity in wine retailing is convex and increasing, in line with previous findings for other consumerpackaged goods in the marketing literature. Beyond distribution breadth, we find that overall parent brand performance (above), unit price (above), packaging type (above), country-of-origin, grape variety, sales consistency (above) and store specialization (below) are associated with above or below expected market share of wine SKUs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]