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Siyasatnamas provide rich literature to corresponds to research area of studies about the administrative history. The works generally deal with the administration, the characteristics of the ruler and the relationship between the ruler and the ruled, and reveal an administration approach according to the qualifications of the authors and the conditions of their periods and geographies. Studies about siyasatnamas are generally carried out by theologians and historians, focusing on works written during the Ottoman period. The framework of administrative history studies mostly consists of discussions on organizational structuring. This study, on the other hand, focuses on the works written before the Ottoman Empire in contrast to the Ottoman siyasatnamas and administrative organization-oriented discussions that are common in the literature and tries to construct a administrative thought from them. It examines 25 politics written in the geography stretching from Andalusia to Transoxiana between the 10th and 14th centuries. It makes classifications by considering similar and different elements through the content analysis of the siyasatnamas. It classifies the works in a triple way within the framework of theoretical-practical distinction and places it in the relevant group among the groups named as “hikmet”, “fakahet”, “kudret”. It suggests the term “candles for administration” instead of “mirrors for princes” which is used to express siyasatnamas in the literature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The text titled "CANDLES" narrates the story of a girl and her twin brother, Miguel, who have a conflicted relationship. The narrator feels different from other children and considers Miguel immature. During a visit to a candle store, Miguel gets angry with the narrator and pushes her against a shelf, breaking several candles. Back at home, their mother scolds the children and takes away their access to the television. As the story progresses, it is revealed that the house is engulfed in silence and the mother has let silence into their lives. The mother's boyfriend, Joel, arrives at the house and an uncomfortable situation arises between him and the narrator. The text ends with the narrator feeling how silence consumes her. [Extracted from the article]

Under what circumstances does firm formalization yield net benefits for previously informal firms? We systematically assessed 22 primary studies in a meta-analysis of African, Asian and Latin American firms. The studies are published between 2011 and 2021 and provide 1,372 performance and business practice estimates: 40 percent of the estimates show significantly positive and 54 percent insignificant effects. The FAT-PET analysis suggests a small positive effect of formalization on firm performance. We also employ a multivariate analysis: The overall genuine effect is modest. There is a positive role for information and time for effects to materialize. Notably, more rigorous designs and recent studies tend to identify smaller and more dispersed effects. The modest effects cast doubt about the capacity of formalization policies to improve business performances suggesting that policies might better focus on prioritizing business productivity and managerial capability over formalization. Yet, we need further experimenting and fine-tuning of policy approaches to precisely identify what could make the candle of formalization worth the effort. The current evidence supports theories arguing that the rational cost-benefit argument is an overly simplistic representation of the decision to formalize and that formalization is an uncertain decision affected by multiple and interrelated aspects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim is to replace mineral waxes with vegetable fats as an organogel for candle manufacturing while keeping the same texture. The physico‐chemical characteristics of renewable vegetable raw materials differ from those of mineral waxes and consequently the structure of the blends in which they are used is modified. Their properties are measured at different scales using FT‐IR analysis, polarized light microscopy, calorimetry and rheology. The addition of 12‐hydroxystearic acid (12‐HSA) promotes the creation of hydrogen bonds within the rapeseed oil that makes possible its incorporation to form an organogel. The addition of 12‐HSA also results in a modification of the crystal microstructure of blends made of 90% vegetable raw materials. Hence, the crystal lattice is denser and the crystal size is reduced compared to blends including mineral waxes. At a macroscopic scale, the physical properties of blends with 12‐HSA are modified compared to the reference one, mainly made of mineral waxes. A modification of crystallization and melting temperatures as measured by differential scanning calorimetry as well as the rheological behavior and the hardness assessed by penetrometer are observed. This results in a higher stability against exudation for blends with a high content of 12‐HSA. Mineral waxes can thus be substituted in the formulation of candles by renewable materials for the use of organogel, via the incorporation of an organogelator, 12‐HSA. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: Cerumen production is a protective process for the ear canal. Cerumen impaction causes unpleasant symptoms. There are various cerumen removal practices. These include irrigation, application of softeners/solvents, mechanical removal, and micro-suction. However, during the lockdown period of the COVID-19 pandemic, some patients opted for some procedures, such as ear candling, which are not evidence-based. This study aimed to explore the awareness of ear candling among otolaryngology doctors and record cases with complications of such practice in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA). Methods: This was a cross-sectional study. A questionnaire was developed after an extensive literature search, and distributed to otolaryngology residents, fellows, and consultants of different hospitals across the country. A total of 80 respondents agreed to participate in the study. Results: A total of 16 doctors reported seeing cases of ear candling, of which 13 patients had different complications, of which ear pain was the most commonly reported. The majority of participants (42.5%) thought the lack of medical access during lockdown enhanced the practice of alternative medicine for ear-related complaints in society compared to 35% of participants who had a neutral response regarding this idea and 22.5% who disagreed. Conclusions: Although the practice of ear candling is not widely spread in KSA, different types of ear complications were recorded by the otolaryngologist. We would like to encourage the doctors to report such complications, especially after the lockdown period. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Highly precise neuromodulation with a high efficacy poses great importance in neuroscience. Here we developed a candle soot fiber optoacoustic emitter (CSFOE), capable of generating a high pressure of over 10 MPa with a central frequency of 12.8 MHz, enabling highly efficient neuromodulation in vitro. The design of the fiber optoacoustic emitter, including the choice of the material and the thickness of the layered structure, was optimized in both simulations and experiments. The optoacoustic conversion efficiency of the optimized CSFOE was found to be 10 times higher than the other carbonbased fiber optoacoustic emitters. Driven by a single laser, the CSFOE can perform dual-site optoacoustic activation of neurons, confirmed by calcium (Ca2C) imaging. Our work opens potential avenues for more complex and programmed control in neural circuits using a simple design for multisite neuromodulation in vivo. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It is possible that astrophysical samples are polluted by some outliers, which might belong to a different sub-class. By removing the outliers, the underlying statistical features may be revealed. A more reliable correlation can be used as a standard candle relationship for cosmological study. We present outlier searching for gamma ray bursts with the Partitioning Around Medoids (PAM) method. In this work, we choose three parameters from the sample, with all of them having rest-frame spectral time lag ( τ lag , i ). In most cases, the outliers are GRBs 980425B and 030528A. Linear regression is carried out for the sample without the outliers. Some of them have passed hypothesis testing, while others have not. However, even for the passed sample, the correlation is not very significant. More parameter combinations should be considered in future work. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Art History / Sanat Tarihi Dergisi is the property of Ege University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Alustath is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The prolonged operation of the motor in the all-electric aircraft can cause the fragmentation and shortening of grease thickener fibers, ultimately resulting in the lubricating grease becoming ineffective. In order to avoid grease failure causing motor winding burnout, this paper uses a four-ball friction testing machine to test the tribological properties of six composite greases containing candle soot with different concentrations, and analyzes the changes in friction coefficient and wear diameter. In addition, by building a test platform for motor vibration and noise, this paper studies the influence of lithium complex grease on vibration and noise characteristics of aviation electrical machine at different propeller speeds. The results show that the addition of 0.04 wt% candle soot lithium grease has the best tribological properties and vibration inhibition properties, because the candle soot in the oil film changes the sliding friction into rolling friction in the contact area of some friction pair. The temperature rise test of aviation electrical machine shows that the lithium complex grease plays an active role in the heat dissipation performance of the high-speed rotating motor. • A new type of lithium complex grease with high wear resistance, excellent vibration damping was prepared. • The anti-wear and friction-reducing mechanism of the lithium complex grease was clarified. • The influence of lithium complex grease on motor vibration under different working conditions was clarified. • The vibration suppression mechanism of lithium complex grease was revealed. • The effect of lithium complex grease on the thermal stability of motor was investigated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Through all her work, Denise Levertov’s (1923-1997) penchant for describing religious issues is evident. Various religious images punctuate her work, an indication of either her deep conviction of the existence of a supreme deity, or just a mere description of the wonders of the metaphysical world. But even though her works are punctuated with these religious emblems, Candles of Babylon seems to have taken a new trajectory. There is an admission to the effect that she is on a spiritual odyssey; she gives a clear description of how she makes this journey. Like John Bunyan’s Pilgrims’ Progress (1678), she described her transition from a cosmetic believer into a profound spiritual understanding. Levertov’s spiritual journey shall be discussed in detail through her own lenses in her poems. The paper attempts to discuss her experiences of transformation through her spiritual experiences and how these have been captured in her poems. The research paper will attempt to discuss how she uses various literary devices to package her odyssey and how these have worked together to help the readers get a picture of her transition through life.

As accelerator-based neutrino oscillation experiments improve oscillation parameter constraints with more data, control over systematic uncertainties on the incoming neutrino flux and interaction models is increasingly important. The intense beams offered by modern experiments permit a variety of options to constrain the flux using in situ "standard candle" measurements. These standard candles must use very well understood interaction processes to avoid introducing additional interaction model dependence. One option often discussed in this context is the "low- ν " method, which is designed to isolate neutrino interactions where there is low energy-transfer to the nucleus, such that the interaction cross section is expected to be approximately constant as a function of neutrino energy. The shape of the low-energy transfer event sample can then be used to extract the flux shape. Applications of the method at high neutrino energies (many tens of GeV) are well understood. However, the applicability of the method at the lower energies of current and future few-GeV accelerator neutrino experiments remains unclear due to the presence of nuclear and form-factor effects inherent in the interaction models.In this analysis we examine the prospects for improving constraints on the accelerator neutrino fluxes in situ with the low- ν method in an experiment-independent way, using (anti)neutrino interactions on argon and hydrocarbon targets from the GENIE, NEUT, NuWro and GiBUU event generators. We begin by investigating the extent to which deviations from the constant cross-section assumption are dependent on poorly understood aspects of the neutrino interaction model. We then assess whether a low energy-transfer event sample can be confidently identified using experimentally accessible observables. We finally consider how the practicalities of reconstructing the energy spectrum of interacting neutrinos in realistic detectors might further limit the utility of low- ν flux constraints. The results show that flux constraints from the low- ν method would be severely dependent on the interaction model assumptions used in an analysis of neutrinos with energies below 5 GeV, and anti-neutrinos below at least 15 GeV. The spread of model predictions show that a low- ν analysis is unlikely to offer much improvement on typical neutrino flux uncertainties, even with a perfect detector. Notably—running counter to the assumption inherent to the low- ν method—the model-dependence increases with decreasing energy transfer for experiments in the few-GeV region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Erciyes Akademi is the property of Erciyes Universitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The interest in candle soot (CS)-based superhydrophobic coatings has grown rapidly in recent years. Here, a simple and low-cost process has been developed for the fabrication of CS-based superhydrophobic coatings through electrospraying of the composite cocktail solution of CS and polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF). Results show that the superhydrophobicity of the coating closely relates to the loading amount of CS which results in coatings with different roughnesses. Specifically, increasing the CS amount (not more than 0.4 g) normally enhances the superhydrophobicity of the coating due to higher roughness being presented in the produced microspheres. Further experiments demonstrate that the superhydrophobicity induced in the electrosprayed coating results from the synergistic effect of the cocktail solution and electrospray process, indicating the importance of the coating technique and the solution used. Versatile applications of CS-based superhydrophobic coatings including self-cleaning, anti-corrosion and oil/water separation are demonstrated. The present work provides a convenient method for the fabrication of CS-based superhydrophobic coatings, which is believed to gain great interest in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Burning candles at home emit small particles and gases that pollute indoor air. Exposure to fine particles in outdoor air has been convincingly linked to cardiovascular and respiratory events, while the associations with fine and ultrafine particles from candle burning remain unexplored. We examined the association between the use of candles and incident cardiovascular and respiratory events. We collected data on 6757 participants of the Copenhagen Aging and Midlife Biobank cohort recruited in 2009 and followed them up for the first hospital contact for incident cardiovascular and respiratory events until 2018. We investigated an association between the self‐reported frequency of candle use in wintertime and cardiovascular and respiratory events, using Cox regression models adjusting for potential confounders. During follow‐up, 1462 and 834 were admitted for cardiovascular and respiratory events, respectively. We found null associations between candle use and a hospital contact due to cardiovascular and respiratory events, with hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) of 0.97 (95% CI: 0.84, 1.11) and 0.98 (95% CI: 0.81, 1.18), respectively, among those using candles >4 times/week compared with <1 time/week. For cause‐specific cardiovascular diseases, HRs were 1.10 (95% CI: 0.85, 1.43) for ischemic heart disease and 1.18 (95% CI: 0.77, 1.81) for myocardial infarction. For chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, HR was 1.26 (95% CI: 0.81, 1.97). We found no statistically significant associations between candle use and the risk of cardiovascular and respiratory events. Studies with improved exposure assessments are warranted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Soil is the biggest brake on global heating. It holds more carbon than the atmosphere and all standing vegetation together but farmers have been burning off soil organic matter for 12000 years: they are responsible for one-third of greenhouse gas emissions. The best thing they could do for the planet is to put it back again, and the best place to start is the best soil in the world – the Black Earth of the steppes, prairies and pampas. Half of its organic matter has been pumped into the air and 35 years of satellite measurements reveal a significant loss of primary productivity across the steppes. Conservation Agriculture can haul back the carbon deficit, increase yields and save 60–70% on fuel, fertiliser and labour; the green biomass can support livestock and/or generate biogas. Ukraine and Moldova were set to adopt this system and phase out their coal-fired power stations when the Russian army invaded Ukraine. The best soil in the world is now being put to other uses; we face a global food crisis; and the world's decision makers have yet another excuse to defer serious efforts to mitigate climate change. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Waste cooking oil or waste cooking oil (WCO) is the remaining oil (or by-products) produced during food frying. In 2019, the cooking oil consumption in Bali Province was 4,735,057 L/month and the WCO produced was estimated about 3,314,540 L/month. The Government of Bali plans to manage WCO in an integrated manner WCO in an integrated manner by processing it as derivative products with economic value. The study aimed to transform WCO into high-value added products (i.e. aromatherapy candles, liquid soap, and biodiesel), and to analyze their economy valued added. The Hayami method was used to determine the economyvalue added of each product. The results showed that WCO was most widely used in producing biodiesel (84%), candle (17%), and liquid soap (10%). Based on the Hayami method, the added value from candle products was IDR. 4,838 / kg (or added value ratio of 9.68%), was classified as a low added product. The added value of liquid soap was IDR 8,495/kg (or added value ratio of 47.38%), classified as a high added value product. While, biodiesel products generating the added value of IDR 2,363/kg (or added value ratio of 25.57%), classified as a medium added value product.

This article discusses the potential impact of burning fountain candles indoors on indoor air quality. While burning candles and other similar products may create a sense of joy and celebration, they can also release smoke and particulate matter that can remain in the indoor air. The study aimed to characterize the concentration of particulate matter produced when burning fountain candles. The results showed that the majority of the particulate matter released was in sizes that are harmful to human health. The concentration of particles varied depending on the distance from the emission source. [Extracted from the article]

On 17th August 2017, there was a terrorist attack on La Rambla in Barcelona. From that day on, citizens would sporadically generate displays of sympathy by leaving flowers, messages, candles or other objects along the length of the avenue. Barcelona City Hall created a website including a digital book of condolences. It also placed a paper book of condolences in its Salón de Ciento for anyone who wished to express sympathy in person. Days after the attempt, a team of people working for City Hall put on a display in La Rambla. Its aim was to gather the displays of sympathy, expressions of mourning and citizen solidarity, processing them and making them accessible via various digital platforms in order to highlight their significance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The use of a mixture design technique to maximize the energy content of waste cooking oil (WCO) from catering establishments in Iran to make solid alcohol biofuel (SABF) was investigated. Original waste cooking oil (O–WCO) was centrifuged to obtain a supernatant (S–WCO) and a bottom phase (B–WCO) for biodiesel and SABF production, respectively. Micromorphology analysis showed the presence of fatty acid solid salts homogeneously scattered in ethanol at 100 °C and created a three-dimensional porous polycrystalline network after chilling, that enclosed the ethanol molecules and generated SABF. Optimal reaction conditions were 0.2 wt% alcohol, 0.0275 wt% NaOH, 0.7725 wt% B–WCO, and 45 min reaction time, for a maximum energy content of 8715.23 kcal/kg (36.46 MJ/kg), similar to natural gas, and higher than control groups, including SABF based on O–WCO, S–WCO, and butter, or some fossil fuels. Furthermore, this study investigates how the SABF heating value rose when the WCO's iodine value declined. This study demonstrated the feasibility of using SABF and candle wax, which has many advantages such as a high melting point, is environmentally friendly, produces no harmful gas emissions, has a long combustion time, leaves little combustion residue, is perfectly hygienic, and is easy to transport and storage. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Determining embryo age is important for predicting hatch dates, planning nest visitation schedules, and as a model covariate examining factors affecting nest survival and behavior. Two common methods of estimating embryo age are egg candling and egg flotation (floating). Despite the reliance on these methods, there is little information regarding the repeatability of these techniques between multiple observers, or whether these techniques produce equivalent estimates. To determine how these methods compare and if precision of each method is biased by individual observers, paired observers candled and floated the same Common Eider (Somateria mollissima) eggs. We compared differences in embryo-age estimates across incubation between (1) candling and floating, (2) paired observers candling eggs, and (3) paired observers floating eggs. Floating and candling produced different embryo-age estimates during some periods of incubation. Although most estimates deviated by a few days, inconsistencies could impact results and statistical power when methods are interchanged between projects or across years. Observers derived different embryo-age estimates for candling, but not for floating, suggesting flotation may be more reliable. Our results suggest caution when combining candling and floating-derived data when collected across incubation stages. Investigators should consider how data collected by multiple observers may affect their research question. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A hydrophobic non-woven fabric was fabricated using candle soot coatings. The coated fabric (CS-fabric) was hydrophobic and oleophilic. CS-fabric maintained a water contact angle of 142° over a longer period showed its durability. It exhibited high oil–water separation efficiency (95%) for the petrol-water mixture. CS-fabric (5.0 × 3.0 cm2) was able to completely adsorb RB from 20 ml of dye's aqueous solution within 30 min. Moreover, CS-fabric can be reused up to several cycles as it showed promising cyclic adsorption performance even after five cycles. It can also (single layer) completely adsorb detergent from detergent solution (concentration 0.5 g/l) within 60 min. The kinetic study showed that the pseudo-second-order kinetic model fitted best to the kinetic data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Wet Candle technique quantifies the dry deposition flux of atmospheric species onto a gauze wick. Salt deposition flux is used to rate the corrosion severity of outdoor test sites. It is important to quantify the precision of the Wet Candle method if the results are used to compare the atmospheric corrosivity of various sites. An analysis of Wet Candle precision is conducted in terms of repeatability and reproducibility. The percent deviation is 3.2% for chloride repeatability and 3.3% for chloride reproducibility. Interval testing is conducted to determine if weekly intervals added together yield a deposition flux similar to a month-long interval. Weekly results are assessed alongside meteorological data to correlate atmospheric conditions to dry deposition. Finally, the erroneous contribution of chloride from various types of gloves to deposition flux is quantified. Based on these findings, recommendations are made on how to avoid various sources of error. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Larq Journal for Philosophy, Linguistics & Social Sciences is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The study develops a new technical analysis indicator, HASTOC, which reflects in a single number the likelihood of trend generation and momentum in the market. The indicator is developed using the basic characteristics of the Japanese Heiken Ashi (HA) candles. We backtest strategies using HA and HASTOC for three currencies, one index and one stock for three major time frames in each market and find that the strategies give consistent positive returns for select time frames and markets. The contribution of this study extends to the practical trading scenario and literature on technical analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study of Islamic arts is one of the important matters, as it reflects the extent of progress and development of Islamic peoples, and what they were of civilization, and the enjoyment of progress and prosperity, and Illumination tools are among the most important tools that have accompanied man throughout the ages, and the era of the Muhammad Ali Dynasty witnessed the types And many forms of Illumination tools, as we received many of these pieces preserved in palaces and museums, it is known that the Dynasty of Muhammad Ali has been greatly affected by artistic trends that prevailed in Europe, As happened during the reign of Said and also during the era of Khedive Ismail, where he was known to be the carrier of the European Renaissance to Egypt, due to his intense influence on European culture and architecture, especially the French, where he studied in Paris engineering sciences, mathematics and nature, and upon his assumption of the throne of Egypt wanted to make Cairo a city competing with The major European capitals, especially Paris, where he wanted to make Cairo the East of Paris, these developments combined to make the lighting units a wide field of creativity in techniques, shapes and motifs These European influences were represented in the use of the Baroque and Rococo styles in forming and decorating the Illumination tools of the group under study, It is characterized by exaggeration in the decoration, and the research deals with a set of lighting tools that It dates back to the (13th AH / 19th century) Saved Hall Silver Abdeen Palace including (Lamps - candles), archaeological study of art , A descriptive study And An analytical study of Illumination tools will be done in terms of functions and shapes and a study of the raw materials from which this group was made and the methods of formation and methods of decoration and also the various decorative elements that were found on this group, whether plant or engineering or living or fictional objects in addition to artistic effects .

Ascaridoids are one of the main parasitic hazards in commercial fish. Candling is the current industrial screening method whereby visible ascaridoid larvae are detected on a light table and manually removed. The aim of this study was to assess the sensitivity (Se) and negative predictive value (NPV) of this method. To make targeted recommendations to the fish industry, the Se was calculated per fish part, larval genus, and fish species. All fish parts (n = 615) were first candled, and larvae were collected, followed by enzymatic digestion to recover the remaining larvae. A fish part was considered positive if at least one larva was detected using candling and/or enzymatic digestion, with both methods combined as reference standard. The overall Se of candling was 31% (95% CI 23–41%) and NPV was 87% (95% CI 85–90%). The Se increased with higher numbers of larvae/100 g infected muscle. A low NPV was found for the belly flaps, therefore we either advise the removal or proper freezing of this part. Lastly, the Se and larval recovery was the highest for the darker and larger Pseudoterranova spp. larvae. Due to the low overall efficacy of candling, further assessment of its cost–benefit and impact on consumers' health risk should be conducted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This work combines hydrophobic and heat-absorbing materials to solve the problem of water and frost resistance in industrial and domestic scenarios in harsh environments. Here, highly hydrophobic and fast endothermic (HHFE) surfaces were prepared by applying candle soot (nanocarbon) as the template, slides as the carrier and nano-TiO2 as a backbone and a connecting layer. The resulting HHFE surface exhibited a coral-like porous structure, which is beneficial to hydrophobic performance. The contact angle between the water droplet and the glass with the HHFE coating was about 120°, thus implying that the prepared HHFE surface with a TiO2 skeleton layer has excellent hydrophobicity. The hydrophobic mechanism of the HHFE surface can be explained by the Cassie–Baxter model. Infrared thermography and thermometry were used to record the thermal capacity and heat-absorbing rate of the HHFE surface. The temperature of the glass covered with the HHFE coating rose from 16°C to 38°C within 5 minutes, which is 46.2% higher in capacity and 2.2 times faster in rate than ordinary glass under the same solar irradiation. The resulting HHFE thin film consists of nanocarbon materials, and nano-TiO2 particles were hydrophobic and good heat absorbers. They have great potential for anti-freezing and water-proofing applications, especially in harsh environments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The impact of droplets on textured or rough surfaces has garnered remarkable appreciation due to its multifarious applications such as self-cleaning, anti-icing, and anti-fouling, leading to a plethora of engineered superhydrophobic surfaces (SHPs) exhibiting different interfacial dynamics during impact. However, the prime limiting factors in using these surfaces abundantly arise from their long fabrication time and concurrent high cost. Here, we propose using carbon soot nanoparticle (CSNPs) coated fractal superhydrophobic surfaces prepared from flame deposition as an alternative to overcome the limitations. We establish our claim by exploring the dynamic wetting behavior of the soot-coated surface in terms of key droplet impact parameters such as rebounding, contact time, impalement transition, and splashing dynamics. A systematic investigation is undertaken by considering a vast range of viscosity and impact conditions. One of the significant observations is the absence of the partial rebound regime during the impact of water droplets on the CSNPs surface, unlike most of the existing superhydrophobic surfaces under similar impact conditions. Furthermore, the surface promotes droplet splashing for moderately viscous solutions at high impact velocities, also characterized by unified scaling laws based on different non-dimensional numbers. Finally, a regime map is proposed to elucidate the complete dynamic wetting characteristics of these CSNPs' surfaces for viscous fluids, which further reflects competitive and equal, if not superior, wetting behavior compared to a series of existing non-wetting surfaces. The results are expected to promote CSNPs based surfaces in applications such as self-cleaning, oil-water separation, and thermal management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the Eastern Orthodox Church, liturgical space and liturgical objects, following the Byzantine tradition, occupy a central role. How is this liturgical significance transposed in the bishops and priests' ambon discourse? More specifically: the visible consecrated objects worn or used by the Orthodox Christian clergy while they are preaching -such as a blessing or pectoral cross, a bible, a lighted candle, a bishop's staff and even the liturgical garments in themselves - are rhetorical? This paper, by reviewing some of the classical and modern rhetorical concepts, reveals that these specific "wearable" liturgical objects are referring mainly to the preacher's pre-existing ethos, which indicates that he has a prior institutional and moral authority to address the faithful. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Gazella is the property of Zoologicka Zahrada v Praze and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This work combines hydrophobic and heat-absorbing materials to solve the problem of water and frost resistance in industrial and domestic scenarios in harsh environments. Here, highly hydrophobic and fast endothermic (HHFE) surfaces were prepared by applying candle soot (nanocarbon) as the template, slides as the carrier and nano-TiO2 as a backbone and a connecting layer. The resulting HHFE surface exhibited a coral-like porous structure, which is beneficial to hydrophobic performance. The contact angle between the water droplet and the glass with the HHFE coating was about 120°, thus implying that the prepared HHFE surface with a TiO2 skeleton layer has excellent hydrophobicity. The hydrophobic mechanism of the HHFE surface can be explained by the Cassie–Baxter model. Infrared thermography and thermometry were used to record the thermal capacity and heat-absorbing rate of the HHFE surface. The temperature of the glass covered with the HHFE coating rose from 16°C to 38°C within 5 minutes, which is 46.2% higher in capacity and 2.2 times faster in rate than ordinary glass under the same solar irradiation. The resulting HHFE thin film consists of nanocarbon materials, and nano-TiO2 particles were hydrophobic and good heat absorbers. They have great potential for anti-freezing and water-proofing applications, especially in harsh environments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]