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51. Analysis of shared heritability in common disorders of the brain

Author: Anttila, V. Bulik-Sullivan, B. Finucane, H.K. Walters, R.K. Bras, J. Duncan, L. Escott-Price, V. Falcone, G.J. Gormley, P. Malik, R. Patsopoulos, N.A. Ripke, S. Wei, Z. Yu, D. Lee, P.H. Turley, P. Grenier-Boley, B. Chouraki, V. Kamatani, Y. Berr, C. Letenneur, L. Hannequin, D. Amouyel, P. Boland, A. Deleuze, J.-F. Duron, E. Vardarajan, B.N. Reitz, C. Goate, A.M. Huentelman, M.J. Ilyas Kamboh, M. Larson, E.B. Rogaeva, E. George-Hyslop, P.S. Hakonarson, H. Kukull, W.A. Farrer, L.A. Barnes, L.L. Beach, T.G. Yesim Demirci, F. Head, E. Hulette, C.M. Jicha, G.A. Kauwe, J.S.K. Kaye, J.A. Leverenz, J.B. Levey, A.I. Lieberman, A.P. Pankratz, V.S. Poon, W.W. Quinn, J.F. Saykin, A.J. Schneider, L.S. Smith, A.G. Sonnen, J.A. Stern, R.A. Van Deerlin, V.M. Van Eldik, L.J. Harold, D. Russo, G. Rubinsztein, D.C. Bayer, A. Tsolaki, M. Proitsi, P. Fox, N.C. Hampel, H. Owen, M.J. Mead, S. Passmore, P. Morgan, K. Nöthen, M.M. Rossor, M. Lupton, M.K. Hoffmann, P. Kornhuber, J. Lawlor, B. McQuillin, A. Al-Chalabi, A. Bis, J.C. Ruiz, A. Boada, M. Seshadri, S. Beiser, A. Rice, K. Van Der Lee, S.J. De Jager, P.L. Geschwind, D.H. Riemenschneider, M. Riedel-Heller, S. Rotter, J.I. Ransmayr, G. Hyman, B.T. Cruchaga, C. Alegret, M. Winsvold, B. Palta, P. Farh, K.-H. Cuenca-Leon, E. Furlotte, N. Kurth, T. Ligthart, L. Terwindt, G.M. Freilinger, T. Ran, C. Gordon, S.D. Borck, G. Adams, H.H.H. Lehtimäki, T. Wedenoja, J. Buring, J.E. Schürks, M. Hrafnsdottir, M. Hottenga, J.-J. Penninx, B. Artto, V. Kaunisto, M. Vepsäläinen, S. Martin, N.G. Montgomery, G.W. Kurki, M.I. Hämäläinen, E. Huang, H. Huang, J. Sandor, C. Webber, C. Muller-Myhsok, B. Schreiber, S. Salomaa, V. Loehrer, E. Göbel, H. Macaya, A. Pozo-Rosich, P. Hansen, T. Werge, T. Kaprio, J. Metspalu, A. Kubisch, C. Ferrari, M.D. Belin, A.C. Van Den Maagdenberg, A.M.J.M. Zwart, J.-A. Boomsma, D. Eriksson, N. Olesen, J. Chasman, D.I. Nyholt, D.R. Avbersek, A. Baum, L. Berkovic, S. Bradfield, J. Buono, R. Catarino, C.B. Cossette, P. De Jonghe and Anttila, V. Bulik-Sullivan, B. Finucane, H.K. Walters, R.K. Bras, J. Duncan, L. Escott-Price, V. Falcone, G.J. Gormley, P. Malik, R. Patsopoulos, N.A. Ripke, S. Wei, Z. Yu, D. Lee, P.H. Turley, P. Grenier-Boley, B. Chouraki, V. Kamatani, Y. Berr, C. Letenneur, L. Hannequin, D. Amouyel, P. Boland, A. Deleuze, J.-F. Duron, E. Vardarajan, B.N. Reitz, C. Goate, A.M. Huentelman, M.J. Ilyas Kamboh, M. Larson, E.B. Rogaeva, E. George-Hyslop, P.S. Hakonarson, H. Kukull, W.A. Farrer, L.A. Barnes, L.L. Beach, T.G. Yesim Demirci, F. Head, E. Hulette, C.M. Jicha, G.A. Kauwe, J.S.K. Kaye, J.A. Leverenz, J.B. Levey, A.I. Lieberman, A.P. Pankratz, V.S. Poon, W.W. Quinn, J.F. Saykin, A.J. Schneider, L.S. Smith, A.G. Sonnen, J.A. Stern, R.A. Van Deerlin, V.M. Van Eldik, L.J. Harold, D. Russo, G. Rubinsztein, D.C. Bayer, A. Tsolaki, M. Proitsi, P. Fox, N.C. Hampel, H. Owen, M.J. Mead, S. Passmore, P. Morgan, K. Nöthen, M.M. Rossor, M. Lupton, M.K. Hoffmann, P. Kornhuber, J. Lawlor, B. McQuillin, A. Al-Chalabi, A. Bis, J.C. Ruiz, A. Boada, M. Seshadri, S. Beiser, A. Rice, K. Van Der Lee, S.J. De Jager, P.L. Geschwind, D.H. Riemenschneider, M. Riedel-Heller, S. Rotter, J.I. Ransmayr, G. Hyman, B.T. Cruchaga, C. Alegret, M. Winsvold, B. Palta, P. Farh, K.-H. Cuenca-Leon, E. Furlotte, N. Kurth, T. Ligthart, L. Terwindt, G.M. Freilinger, T. Ran, C. Gordon, S.D. Borck, G. Adams, H.H.H. Lehtimäki, T. Wedenoja, J. Buring, J.E. Schürks, M. Hrafnsdottir, M. Hottenga, J.-J. Penninx, B. Artto, V. Kaunisto, M. Vepsäläinen, S. Martin, N.G. Montgomery, G.W. Kurki, M.I. Hämäläinen, E. Huang, H. Huang, J. Sandor, C. Webber, C. Muller-Myhsok, B. Schreiber, S. Salomaa, V. Loehrer, E. Göbel, H. Macaya, A. Pozo-Rosich, P. Hansen, T. Werge, T. Kaprio, J. Metspalu, A. Kubisch, C. Ferrari, M.D. Belin, A.C. Van Den Maagdenberg, A.M.J.M. Zwart, J.-A. Boomsma, D. Eriksson, N. Olesen, J. Chasman, D.I. Nyholt, D.R. Avbersek, A. Baum, L. Berkovic, S. Bradfield, J. Buono, R. Catarino, C.B. Cossette, P. De Jonghe
Abstract: Disorders of the brain can exhibit considerable epidemiological comorbidity and often share symptoms, provoking debate about their etiologic overlap. We quantified the genetic sharing of 25 brain disorders from genome-wide association studies of 265,218 patients and 784,643 control participants and assessed their relationship to 17 phenotypes from 1,191,588 individuals. Psychiatric disorders share common variant risk, whereas neurological disorders appear more distinct from one another and from the psychiatric disorders. We also identified significant sharing between disorders and a number of brain phenotypes, including cognitive measures. Further, we conducted simulations to explore how statistical power, diagnostic misclassification, and phenotypic heterogeneity affect genetic correlations. These results highlight the importance of common genetic variation as a risk factor for brain disorders and the value of heritability-based methods in understanding their etiology. © 2018 American Association for the Advancement of Science. All rights reserved.
Published: 2018

52. ILAE classification of the epilepsies: position paper of the ILAE Commission for Classification and Terminology

Author: Scheffer, IE, Berkovic, S, Capovilla, G, Connolly, MB, French, J, Guilhoto, L, Hirsch, E, Jain, S, Mathern, GW, Moshe, SL, Nordli, DR, Perucca, E, Tomson, T, Wiebe, S, Zhang, Y-H, Zuberi, SM, Scheffer, IE, Berkovic, S, Capovilla, G, Connolly, MB, French, J, Guilhoto, L, Hirsch, E, Jain, S, Mathern, GW, Moshe, SL, Nordli, DR, Perucca, E, Tomson, T, Wiebe, S, Zhang, Y-H, and Zuberi, SM
Published: 2018

53. Analysis of shared heritability in common disorders of the brain

Author: Anttila, V, Bulik-Sullivan, B, Finucane, H, Walters, R, Bras, J, Duncan, L, Escott-Price, V, Falcone, G, Gormley, P, Malik, R, Patsopoulos, N, Ripke, S, Wei, Z, Yu, D, Lee, P, Turley, P, Grenier-Boley, B, Chouraki, V, Kamatani, Y, Berr, C, Letenneur, L, Hannequin, D, Amouyel, P, Boland, A, Deleuze, J, Duron, E, Vardarajan, B, Reitz, C, Goate, A, Huentelman, M, Ilyas Kamboh, M, Larson, E, Rogaeva, E, George-Hyslop, P, Hakonarson, H, Kukull, W, Farrer, L, Barnes, L, Beach, T, Yesim Demirci, F, Head, E, Hulette, C, Jicha, G, Kauwe, J, Kaye, J, Leverenz, J, Levey, A, Lieberman, A, Pankratz, V, Poon, W, Quinn, J, Saykin, A, Schneider, L, Smith, A, Sonnen, J, Stern, R, Van Deerlin, V, Van Eldik, L, Harold, D, Russo, G, Rubinsztein, D, Bayer, A, Tsolaki, M, Proitsi, P, Fox, N, Hampel, H, Owen, M, Mead, S, Passmore, P, Morgan, K, Nöthen, M, Rossor, M, Lupton, M, Hoffmann, P, Kornhuber, J, Lawlor, B, Mcquillin, A, Al-Chalabi, A, Bis, J, Ruiz, A, Boada, M, Seshadri, S, Beiser, A, Rice, K, Van Der Lee, S, De Jager, P, Geschwind, D, Riemenschneider, M, Riedel-Heller, S, Rotter, J, Ransmayr, G, Hyman, B, Cruchaga, C, Alegret, M, Winsvold, B, Palta, P, Farh, K, Cuenca-Leon, E, Furlotte, N, Kurth, T, Ligthart, L, Terwindt, G, Freilinger, T, Ran, C, Gordon, S, Borck, G, Adams, H, Lehtimäki, T, Wedenoja, J, Buring, J, Schürks, M, Hrafnsdottir, M, Hottenga, J, Penninx, B, Artto, V, Kaunisto, M, Vepsäläinen, S, Martin, N, Montgomery, G, Kurki, M, Hämäläinen, E, Huang, H, Huang, J, Sandor, C, Webber, C, Muller-Myhsok, B, Schreiber, S, Salomaa, V, Loehrer, E, Göbel, H, Macaya, A, Pozo-Rosich, P, Hansen, T, Werge, T, Kaprio, J, Metspalu, A, Kubisch, C, Ferrari, M, Belin, A, Van Den Maagdenberg, A, Zwart, J, Boomsma, D, Eriksson, N, Olesen, J, Chasman, D, Nyholt, D, Avbersek, A, Baum, L, Berkovic, S, Bradfield, J, Buono, R, Catarino, C, Cossette, P, De Jonghe, P, Depondt, C, Dlugos, D, Ferraro, T, French, J, Hjalgrim, H, Jamnadas-Khoda, J, Kälviäinen, R, Kunz, W, Lerche, H, Leu, C, Lindhout, D, Lo, W, Lowenstein, D, Mccormack, M, Møller, R, Molloy, A, Ng, P, Oliver, K, Privitera, M, Radtke, R, Ruppert, A, Sander, T, Schachter, S, Schankin, C, Scheffer, I, Schoch, S, Sisodiya, S, Smith, P, Sperling, M, Striano, P, Surges, R, Neil Thomas, G, Visscher, F, Whelan, C, Zara, F, Heinzen, E, Marson, A, Becker, F, Stroink, H, Zimprich, F, Gasser, T, Gibbs, R, Heutink, P, Martinez, M, Morris, H, Sharma, M, Ryten, M, Mok, K, Pulit, S, Bevan, S, Holliday, E, Attia, J, Battey, T, Boncoraglio, G, Thijs, V, Chen, W, Mitchell, B, Rothwell, P, Sharma, P, Sudlow, C, Vicente, A, Markus, H, Kourkoulis, C, Pera, J, Raffeld, M, Silliman, S, Perica, V, Thornton, L, Huckins, L, William Rayner, N, Lewis, C, Gratacos, M, Rybakowski, F, Keski-Rahkonen, A, Raevuori, A, Hudson, J, Reichborn-Kjennerud, T, Monteleone, P, Karwautz, A, Mannik, K, Baker, J, O'Toole, J, Trace, S, Davis, O, Helder, S, Ehrlich, S, Herpertz-Dahlmann, B, Danner, U, Van Elburg, A, Clementi, M, Forzan, M, Docampo, E, Lissowska, J, Hauser, J, Tortorella, A, Maj, M, Gonidakis, F, Tziouvas, K, Papezova, H, Yilmaz, Z, Wagner, G, Cohen-Woods, S, Herms, S, Julia, A, Rabionet, R, Dick, D, Ripatti, S, Andreassen, O, Espeseth, T, Lundervold, A, Steen, V, Pinto, D, Scherer, S, Aschauer, H, Schosser, A, Alfredsson, L, Padyukov, L, Halmi, K, Mitchell, J, Strober, M, Bergen, A, Kaye, W, Szatkiewicz, J, Cormand, B, Ramos-Quiroga, J, Sánchez-Mora, C, Ribasés, M, Casas, M, Hervas, A, Arranz, M, Haavik, J, Zayats, T, Johansson, S, Williams, N, Dempfle, A, Rothenberger, A, Kuntsi, J, Oades, R, Banaschewski, T, Franke, B, Buitelaar, J, Vasquez, A, Doyle, A, Reif, A, Lesch, K, Freitag, C, Rivero, O, Palmason, H, Romanos, M, Langley, K, Rietschel, M, Witt, S, Dalsgaard, S, Børglum, A, Waldman, I, Wilmot, B, Molly, N, Bau, C, Crosbie, J, Schachar, R, Loo, S, Mcgough, J, Grevet, E, Medland, S, Robinson, E, Weiss, L, Bacchelli, E, Bailey, A, Bal, V, Battaglia, A, Betancur, C, Bolton, P, Cantor, R, Celestino-Soper, P, Dawson, G, De Rubeis, S, Duque, F, Green, A, Klauck, S, Leboyer, M, Levitt, P, Maestrini, E, Mane, S, Moreno-De-Luca, D, Parr, J, Regan, R, Reichenberg, A, Sandin, S, Vorstman, J, Wassink, T, Wijsman, E, Cook, E, Santangelo, S, Delorme, R, Roge, B, Magalhaes, T, Arking, D, Schulze, T, Thompson, R, Strohmaier, J, Matthews, K, Melle, I, Morris, D, Blackwood, D, Mcintosh, A, Bergen, S, Schalling, M, Jamain, S, Maaser, A, Fischer, S, Reinbold, C, Fullerton, J, Guzman-Parra, J, Mayoral, F, Schofield, P, Cichon, S, Mühleisen, T, Degenhardt, F, Schumacher, J, Bauer, M, Mitchell, P, Gershon, E, Rice, J, Potash, J, Zandi, P, Craddock, N, Nicol Ferrier, I, Alda, M, Rouleau, G, Turecki, G, Ophoff, R, Pato, C, Anjorin, A, Stahl, E, Leber, M, Czerski, P, Cruceanu, C, Jones, I, Posthuma, D, Andlauer, T, Forstner, A, Streit, F, Baune, B, Air, T, Sinnamon, G, Wray, N, Macintyre, D, Porteous, D, Homuth, G, Rivera, M, Grove, J, Middeldorp, C, Hickie, I, Pergadia, M, Mehta, D, Smit, J, Jansen, R, De Geus, E, Dunn, E, Li, Q, Nauck, M, Schoevers, R, Beekman, A, Knowles, J, Viktorin, A, Arnold, P, Barr, C, Bedoya-Berrio, G, Joseph Bienvenu, O, Brentani, H, Burton, C, Camarena, B, Cappi, C, Cath, D, Cavallini, M, Cusi, D, Darrow, S, Denys, D, Derks, E, Dietrich, A, Fernandez, T, Figee, M, Freimer, N, Gerber, G, Grados, M, Greenberg, E, Hanna, G, Hartmann, A, Hirschtritt, M, Hoekstra, P, Huang, A, Huyser, C, Illmann, C, Jenike, M, Kuperman, S, Leventhal, B, Lochner, C, Lyon, G, Macciardi, F, Madruga-Garrido, M, Malaty, I, Maras, A, Mcgrath, L, Miguel, E, Mir, P, Nestadt, G, Nicolini, H, Okun, M, Pakstis, A, Paschou, P, Piacentini, J, Pittenger, C, Plessen, K, Ramensky, V, Ramos, E, Reus, V, Richter, M, Riddle, M, Robertson, M, Roessner, V, Rosário, M, Samuels, J, Sandor, P, Stein, D, Tsetsos, F, Van Nieuwerburgh, F, Weatherall, S, Wendland, J, Wolanczyk, T, Worbe, Y, Zai, G, Goes, F, Mclaughlin, N, Nestadt, P, Grabe, H, Depienne, C, Konkashbaev, A, Lanzagorta, N, Valencia-Duarte, A, Bramon, E, Buccola, N, Cahn, W, Cairns, M, Chong, S, Cohen, D, Crespo-Facorro, B, Crowley, J, Davidson, M, Delisi, L, Dinan, T, Donohoe, G, Drapeau, E, Duan, J, Haan, L, Hougaard, D, Karachanak-Yankova, S, Khrunin, A, Klovins, J, Kučinskas, V, Keong, J, Limborska, S, Loughland, C, Lönnqvist, J, Maher, B, Mattheisen, M, Mcdonald, C, Murphy, K, Nenadic, I, Van Os, J, Pantelis, C, Pato, M, Petryshen, T, Quested, D, Roussos, P, Sanders, A, Schall, U, Schwab, S, Sim, K, So, H, Stögmann, E, Subramaniam, M, Toncheva, D, Waddington, J, Walters, J, Weiser, M, Cheng, W, Cloninger, R, Curtis, D, Gejman, P, Henskens, F, Mattingsdal, M, Oh, S, Scott, R, Webb, B, Breen, G, Churchhouse, C, Bulik, C, Daly, M, Dichgans, M, Faraone, S, Guerreiro, R, Holmans, P, Kendler, K, Koeleman, B, Mathews, C, Price, A, Scharf, J, Sklar, P, Williams, J, Wood, N, Cotsapas, C, Palotie, A, Smoller, J, Sullivan, P, Rosand, J, Corvin, A, Neale, B, Anttila, Verneri, Bulik-Sullivan, Brendan, Finucane, Hilary K., Walters, Raymond K., Bras, Jose, Duncan, Laramie, Escott-Price, Valentina, Falcone, Guido J., Gormley, Padhraig, Malik, Rainer, Patsopoulos, Nikolaos A., Ripke, Stephan, Wei, Zhi, Yu, Dongmei, Lee, Phil H., Turley, Patrick, Grenier-Boley, Benjamin, Chouraki, Vincent, Kamatani, Yoichiro, Berr, Claudine, Letenneur, Luc, Hannequin, Didier, Amouyel, Philippe, Boland, Anne, Deleuze, Jean-François, Duron, Emmanuelle, Vardarajan, Badri N., Reitz, Christiane, Goate, Alison M., Huentelman, Matthew J., Ilyas Kamboh, M., Larson, Eric B., Rogaeva, Ekaterina, George-Hyslop, Peter St, Hakonarson, Hakon, Kukull, Walter A., Farrer, Lindsay A., Barnes, Lisa L., Beach, Thomas G., Yesim Demirci, F., Head, Elizabeth, Hulette, Christine M., Jicha, Gregory A., Kauwe, John S. K., Kaye, Jeffrey A., Leverenz, James B., Levey, Allan I., Lieberman, Andrew P., Pankratz, Vernon S., Poon, Wayne W., Quinn, Joseph F., Saykin, Andrew J., Schneider, Lon S., Smith, Amanda G., Sonnen, Joshua A., Stern, Robert A., Van Deerlin, Vivianna M., Van Eldik, Linda J., Harold, Denise, Russo, Giancarlo, Rubinsztein, David C., Bayer, Anthony, Tsolaki, Magda, Proitsi, Petra, Fox, Nick C., Hampel, Harald, Owen, Michael J., Mead, Simon, Passmore, Peter, Morgan, Kevin, Nöthen, Markus M., Rossor, Martin, Lupton, Michelle K., Hoffmann, Per, Kornhuber, Johannes, Lawlor, Brian, McQuillin, Andrew, Al-Chalabi, Ammar, Bis, Joshua C., Ruiz, Agustin, Boada, Mercè, Seshadri, Sudha, Beiser, Alexa, Rice, Kenneth, Van Der Lee, Sven J., De Jager, Philip L., Geschwind, Daniel H., Riemenschneider, Matthias, Riedel-Heller, Steffi, Rotter, Jerome I., Ransmayr, Gerhard, Hyman, Bradley T., Cruchaga, Carlos, Alegret, Montserrat, Winsvold, Bendik, Palta, Priit, Farh, Kai-How, Cuenca-Leon, Ester, Furlotte, Nicholas, Kurth, Tobias, Ligthart, Lannie, Terwindt, Gisela M., Freilinger, Tobias, Ran, Caroline, Gordon, Scott D., Borck, Guntram, Adams, Hieab H. H., Lehtimäki, Terho, Wedenoja, Juho, Buring, Julie E., Schürks, Markus, Hrafnsdottir, Maria, Hottenga, Jouke-Jan, Penninx, Brenda, Artto, Ville, Kaunisto, Mari, Vepsäläinen, Salli, Martin, Nicholas G., Montgomery, Grant W., Kurki, Mitja I., Hämäläinen, Eija, Huang, Hailiang, Huang, Jie, Sandor, Cynthia, Webber, Caleb, Muller-Myhsok, Bertram, Schreiber, Stefan, Salomaa, Veikko, Loehrer, Elizabeth, Göbel, Hartmut, Macaya, Alfons, Pozo-Rosich, Patricia, Hansen, Thomas, Werge, Thomas, Kaprio, Jaakko, Metspalu, Andres, Kubisch, Christian, Ferrari, Michel D., Belin, Andrea C., Van Den Maagdenberg, Arn M. J. M., Zwart, John-Anker, Boomsma, Dorret, Eriksson, Nicholas, Olesen, Jes, Chasman, Daniel I., Nyholt, Dale R., Avbersek, Andreja, Baum, Larry, Berkovic, Samuel, Bradfield, Jonathan, Buono, Russell, Catarino, Claudia B., Cossette, Patrick, De Jonghe, Peter, Depondt, Chantal, Dlugos, Dennis, Ferraro, Thomas N., French, Jacqueline, Hjalgrim, Helle, Jamnadas-Khoda, Jennifer, Kälviäinen, Reetta, Kunz, Wolfram S., Lerche, Holger, Leu, Costin, Lindhout, Dick, Lo, Warren, Lowenstein, Daniel, McCormack, Mark, Møller, Rikke S., Molloy, Anne, Ng, Ping-Wing, Oliver, Karen, Privitera, Michael, Radtke, Rodney, Ruppert, Ann-Kathrin, Sander, Thomas, Schachter, Steven, Schankin, Christoph, Scheffer, Ingrid, Schoch, Susanne, Sisodiya, Sanjay M., Smith, Philip, Sperling, Michael, Striano, Pasquale, Surges, Rainer, Neil Thomas, G., Visscher, Frank, Whelan, Christopher D., Zara, Federico, Heinzen, Erin L., Marson, Anthony, Becker, Felicitas, Stroink, Hans, Zimprich, Fritz, Gasser, Thomas, Gibbs, Raphael, Heutink, Peter, Martinez, Maria, Morris, Huw R., Sharma, Manu, Ryten, Mina, Mok, Kin Y., Pulit, Sara, Bevan, Steve, Holliday, Elizabeth, Attia, John, Battey, Thomas, BONCORAGLIO, GIORGIO BATTISTA, Thijs, Vincent, Chen, Wei-Min, Mitchell, Braxton, Rothwell, Peter, Sharma, Pankaj, Sudlow, Cathie, Vicente, Astrid, Markus, Hugh, Kourkoulis, Christina, Pera, Joana, Raffeld, Miriam, Silliman, Scott, Perica, Vesna Boraska, Thornton, Laura M., Huckins, Laura M., William Rayner, N., Lewis, Cathryn M., Gratacos, Monica, Rybakowski, Filip, Keski-Rahkonen, Anna, Raevuori, Anu, Hudson, James I., Reichborn-Kjennerud, Ted, Monteleone, Palmiero, Karwautz, Andreas, Mannik, Katrin, Baker, Jessica H., O'Toole, Julie K., Trace, Sara E., Davis, Oliver S. P., Helder, Sietske G., Ehrlich, Stefan, Herpertz-Dahlmann, Beate, Danner, Unna N., Van Elburg, Annemarie A., Clementi, Maurizio, Forzan, Monica, Docampo, Elisa, Lissowska, Jolanta, Hauser, Joanna, Tortorella, Alfonso, Maj, Mario, Gonidakis, Fragiskos, Tziouvas, Konstantinos, Papezova, Hana, Yilmaz, Zeynep, Wagner, Gudrun, Cohen-Woods, Sarah, Herms, Stefan, Julia, Antonio, Rabionet, Raquel, Dick, Danielle M., Ripatti, Samuli, Andreassen, Ole A., Espeseth, Thomas, Lundervold, Astri J., Steen, Vidar M., Pinto, Dalila, Scherer, Stephen W., Aschauer, Harald, Schosser, Alexandra, Alfredsson, Lars, Padyukov, Leonid, Halmi, Katherine A., Mitchell, James, Strober, Michael, Bergen, Andrew W., Kaye, Walter, Szatkiewicz, Jin Peng, Cormand, Bru, Ramos-Quiroga, Josep Antoni, Sánchez-Mora, Cristina, Ribasés, Marta, Casas, Miguel, Hervas, Amaia, Arranz, Maria Jesús, Haavik, Jan, Zayats, Tetyana, Johansson, Stefan, Williams, Nigel, Dempfle, Astrid, Rothenberger, Aribert, Kuntsi, Jonna, Oades, Robert D., Banaschewski, Tobias, Franke, Barbara, Buitelaar, Jan K., Vasquez, Alejandro Arias, Doyle, Alysa E., Reif, Andreas, Lesch, Klaus-Peter, Freitag, Christine, Rivero, Olga, Palmason, Haukur, Romanos, Marcel, Langley, Kate, Rietschel, Marcella, Witt, Stephanie H., Dalsgaard, Soeren, Børglum, Anders D., Waldman, Irwin, Wilmot, Beth, Molly, Nikolas, Bau, Claiton H. 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Sinnamon, G, Wray, N, Macintyre, D, Porteous, D, Homuth, G, Rivera, M, Grove, J, Middeldorp, C, Hickie, I, Pergadia, M, Mehta, D, Smit, J, Jansen, R, De Geus, E, Dunn, E, Li, Q, Nauck, M, Schoevers, R, Beekman, A, Knowles, J, Viktorin, A, Arnold, P, Barr, C, Bedoya-Berrio, G, Joseph Bienvenu, O, Brentani, H, Burton, C, Camarena, B, Cappi, C, Cath, D, Cavallini, M, Cusi, D, Darrow, S, Denys, D, Derks, E, Dietrich, A, Fernandez, T, Figee, M, Freimer, N, Gerber, G, Grados, M, Greenberg, E, Hanna, G, Hartmann, A, Hirschtritt, M, Hoekstra, P, Huang, A, Huyser, C, Illmann, C, Jenike, M, Kuperman, S, Leventhal, B, Lochner, C, Lyon, G, Macciardi, F, Madruga-Garrido, M, Malaty, I, Maras, A, Mcgrath, L, Miguel, E, Mir, P, Nestadt, G, Nicolini, H, Okun, M, Pakstis, A, Paschou, P, Piacentini, J, Pittenger, C, Plessen, K, Ramensky, V, Ramos, E, Reus, V, Richter, M, Riddle, M, Robertson, M, Roessner, V, Rosário, M, Samuels, J, Sandor, P, Stein, D, Tsetsos, F, Van Nieuwerburgh, F, Weatherall, S, 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M., Zwart, John-Anker, Boomsma, Dorret, Eriksson, Nicholas, Olesen, Jes, Chasman, Daniel I., Nyholt, Dale R., Avbersek, Andreja, Baum, Larry, Berkovic, Samuel, Bradfield, Jonathan, Buono, Russell, Catarino, Claudia B., Cossette, Patrick, De Jonghe, Peter, Depondt, Chantal, Dlugos, Dennis, Ferraro, Thomas N., French, Jacqueline, Hjalgrim, Helle, Jamnadas-Khoda, Jennifer, Kälviäinen, Reetta, Kunz, Wolfram S., Lerche, Holger, Leu, Costin, Lindhout, Dick, Lo, Warren, Lowenstein, Daniel, McCormack, Mark, Møller, Rikke S., Molloy, Anne, Ng, Ping-Wing, Oliver, Karen, Privitera, Michael, Radtke, Rodney, Ruppert, Ann-Kathrin, Sander, Thomas, Schachter, Steven, Schankin, Christoph, Scheffer, Ingrid, Schoch, Susanne, Sisodiya, Sanjay M., Smith, Philip, Sperling, Michael, Striano, Pasquale, Surges, Rainer, Neil Thomas, G., Visscher, Frank, Whelan, Christopher D., Zara, Federico, Heinzen, Erin L., Marson, Anthony, Becker, Felicitas, Stroink, Hans, Zimprich, Fritz, Gasser, Thomas, Gibbs, Raphael, Heutink, Peter, Martinez, Maria, Morris, Huw R., Sharma, Manu, Ryten, Mina, Mok, Kin Y., Pulit, Sara, Bevan, Steve, Holliday, Elizabeth, Attia, John, Battey, Thomas, BONCORAGLIO, GIORGIO BATTISTA, Thijs, Vincent, Chen, Wei-Min, Mitchell, Braxton, Rothwell, Peter, Sharma, Pankaj, Sudlow, Cathie, Vicente, Astrid, Markus, Hugh, Kourkoulis, Christina, Pera, Joana, Raffeld, Miriam, Silliman, Scott, Perica, Vesna Boraska, Thornton, Laura M., Huckins, Laura M., William Rayner, N., Lewis, Cathryn M., Gratacos, Monica, Rybakowski, Filip, Keski-Rahkonen, Anna, Raevuori, Anu, Hudson, James I., Reichborn-Kjennerud, Ted, Monteleone, Palmiero, Karwautz, Andreas, Mannik, Katrin, Baker, Jessica H., O'Toole, Julie K., Trace, Sara E., Davis, Oliver S. P., Helder, Sietske G., Ehrlich, Stefan, Herpertz-Dahlmann, Beate, Danner, Unna N., Van Elburg, Annemarie A., Clementi, Maurizio, Forzan, Monica, Docampo, Elisa, Lissowska, Jolanta, Hauser, Joanna, Tortorella, Alfonso, Maj, Mario, Gonidakis, Fragiskos, Tziouvas, Konstantinos, Papezova, Hana, Yilmaz, Zeynep, Wagner, Gudrun, Cohen-Woods, Sarah, Herms, Stefan, Julia, Antonio, Rabionet, Raquel, Dick, Danielle M., Ripatti, Samuli, Andreassen, Ole A., Espeseth, Thomas, Lundervold, Astri J., Steen, Vidar M., Pinto, Dalila, Scherer, Stephen W., Aschauer, Harald, Schosser, Alexandra, Alfredsson, Lars, Padyukov, Leonid, Halmi, Katherine A., Mitchell, James, Strober, Michael, Bergen, Andrew W., Kaye, Walter, Szatkiewicz, Jin Peng, Cormand, Bru, Ramos-Quiroga, Josep Antoni, Sánchez-Mora, Cristina, Ribasés, Marta, Casas, Miguel, Hervas, Amaia, Arranz, Maria Jesús, Haavik, Jan, Zayats, Tetyana, Johansson, Stefan, Williams, Nigel, Dempfle, Astrid, Rothenberger, Aribert, Kuntsi, Jonna, Oades, Robert D., Banaschewski, Tobias, Franke, Barbara, Buitelaar, Jan K., Vasquez, Alejandro Arias, Doyle, Alysa E., Reif, Andreas, Lesch, Klaus-Peter, Freitag, Christine, Rivero, Olga, Palmason, Haukur, Romanos, Marcel, Langley, Kate, Rietschel, Marcella, Witt, Stephanie H., Dalsgaard, Soeren, Børglum, Anders D., Waldman, Irwin, Wilmot, Beth, Molly, Nikolas, Bau, Claiton H. D., Crosbie, Jennifer, Schachar, Russell, Loo, Sandra K., McGough, James J., Grevet, Eugenio H., Medland, Sarah E., Robinson, Elise, Weiss, Lauren A., Bacchelli, Elena, Bailey, Anthony, Bal, Vanessa, Battaglia, Agatino, Betancur, Catalina, Bolton, Patrick, Cantor, Rita, Celestino-Soper, Patrícia, Dawson, Geraldine, De Rubeis, Silvia, Duque, Frederico, Green, Andrew, Klauck, Sabine M., Leboyer, Marion, Levitt, Pat, Maestrini, Elena, Mane, Shrikant, Moreno-De-Luca, Daniel, Parr, Jeremy, Regan, Regina, Reichenberg, Abraham, Sandin, Sven, Vorstman, Jacob, Wassink, Thomas, Wijsman, Ellen, Cook, Edwin, Santangelo, Susan, Delorme, Richard, Roge, Bernadette, Magalhaes, Tiago, Arking, Dan, Schulze, Thomas G., Thompson, Robert C., Strohmaier, Jana, Matthews, Keith, Melle, Ingrid, Morris, Derek, Blackwood, Douglas, McIntosh, Andrew, Bergen, Sarah E., Schalling, Martin, Jamain, Stéphane, Maaser, Anna, Fischer, Sascha B., Reinbold, Céline S., Fullerton, Janice M., Guzman-Parra, José, Mayoral, Fermin, Schofield, Peter R., Cichon, Sven, Mühleisen, Thomas W., Degenhardt, Franziska, Schumacher, Johannes, Bauer, Michael, Mitchell, Philip B., Gershon, Elliot S., Rice, John, Potash, James B., Zandi, Peter P., Craddock, Nick, Nicol Ferrier, I., Alda, Martin, Rouleau, Guy A., Turecki, Gustavo, Ophoff, Roel, Pato, Carlos, Anjorin, Adebayo, Stahl, Eli, Leber, Markus, Czerski, Piotr M., Cruceanu, Cristiana, Jones, Ian R., Posthuma, Danielle, Andlauer, Till F. M., Forstner, Andreas J., Streit, Fabian, Baune, Bernhard T., Air, Tracy, Sinnamon, Grant, Wray, Naomi R., MacIntyre, Donald J., Porteous, David, Homuth, Georg, Rivera, Margarita, Grove, Jakob, Middeldorp, Christel M., Hickie, Ian, Pergadia, Michele, Mehta, Divya, Smit, Johannes H., Jansen, Rick, De Geus, Eco, Dunn, Erin, Li, Qingqin S., Nauck, Matthias, Schoevers, Robert A., Beekman, Aartjan TF, Knowles, James A., Viktorin, Alexander, Arnold, Paul, Barr, Cathy L., Bedoya-Berrio, Gabriel, Joseph Bienvenu, O., Brentani, Helena, Burton, Christie, Camarena, Beatriz, Cappi, Carolina, Cath, Danielle, Cavallini, Maria, Cusi, Daniele, Darrow, Sabrina, Denys, Damiaan, Derks, Eske M., Dietrich, Andrea, Fernandez, Thomas, Figee, Martijn, Freimer, Nelson, Gerber, Gloria, Grados, Marco, Greenberg, Erica, Hanna, Gregory L., Hartmann, Andreas, Hirschtritt, Matthew E., Hoekstra, Pieter J., Huang, Alden, Huyser, Chaim, Illmann, Cornelia, Jenike, Michael, Kuperman, Samuel, Leventhal, Bennett, Lochner, Christine, Lyon, Gholson J., Macciardi, Fabio, Madruga-Garrido, Marcos, Malaty, Irene A., Maras, Athanasios, McGrath, Lauren, Miguel, Eurípedes C., Mir, Pablo, Nestadt, Gerald, Nicolini, Humberto, Okun, Michael S., Pakstis, Andrew, Paschou, Peristera, Piacentini, John, Pittenger, Christopher, Plessen, Kerstin, Ramensky, Vasily, Ramos, Eliana M., Reus, Victor, Richter, Margaret A., Riddle, Mark A., Robertson, Mary M., Roessner, Veit, Rosário, Maria, Samuels, Jack F., Sandor, Paul, Stein, Dan J., Tsetsos, Fotis, Van Nieuwerburgh, Filip, Weatherall, Sarah, Wendland, Jens R., Wolanczyk, Tomasz, Worbe, Yulia, Zai, Gwyneth, Goes, Fernando S., McLaughlin, Nicole, Nestadt, Paul S., Grabe, Hans-Jorgen, Depienne, Christel, Konkashbaev, Anuar, Lanzagorta, Nuria, Valencia-Duarte, Ana, Bramon, Elvira, Buccola, Nancy, Cahn, Wiepke, Cairns, Murray, Chong, Siow A., Cohen, David, Crespo-Facorro, Benedicto, Crowley, James, Davidson, Michael, DeLisi, Lynn, Dinan, Timothy, Donohoe, Gary, Drapeau, Elodie, Duan, Jubao, Haan, Lieuwe, Hougaard, David, Karachanak-Yankova, Sena, Khrunin, Andrey, Klovins, Janis, Kučinskas, Vaidutis, Keong, Jimmy Lee Chee, Limborska, Svetlana, Loughland, Carmel, Lönnqvist, Jouko, Maher, Brion, Mattheisen, Manuel, McDonald, Colm, Murphy, Kieran C., Nenadic, Igor, Van Os, Jim, Pantelis, Christos, Pato, Michele, Petryshen, Tracey, Quested, Digby, Roussos, Panos, Sanders, Alan R., Schall, Ulrich, Schwab, Sibylle G., Sim, Kang, So, Hon-Cheong, Stögmann, Elisabeth, Subramaniam, Mythily, Toncheva, Draga, Waddington, John, Walters, James, Weiser, Mark, Cheng, Wei, Cloninger, Robert, Curtis, David, Gejman, Pablo V., Henskens, Frans, Mattingsdal, Morten, Oh, Sang-Yun, Scott, Rodney, Webb, Bradley, Breen, Gerome, Churchhouse, Claire, Bulik, Cynthia M., Daly, Mark, Dichgans, Martin, Faraone, Stephen V., Guerreiro, Rita, Holmans, Peter, Kendler, Kenneth S., Koeleman, Bobby, Mathews, Carol A., Price, Alkes, Scharf, Jeremiah, Sklar, Pamela, Williams, Julie, Wood, Nicholas W., Cotsapas, Chris, Palotie, Aarno, Smoller, Jordan W., Sullivan, Patrick, Rosand, Jonathan, Corvin, Aiden, and Neale, Benjamin M.
Abstract: Disorders of the brain can exhibit considerable epidemiological comorbidity and often share symptoms, provoking debate about their etiologic overlap. We quantified the genetic sharing of 25 brain disorders from genome-wide association studies of 265,218 patients and 784,643 control participants and assessed their relationship to 17 phenotypes from 1,191,588 individuals. Psychiatric disorders share common variant risk, whereas neurological disorders appear more distinct from one another and from the psychiatric disorders. We also identified significant sharing between disorders and a number of brain phenotypes, including cognitive measures. Further, we conducted simulations to explore how statistical power, diagnostic misclassification, and phenotypic heterogeneity affect genetic correlations. These results highlight the importance of common genetic variation as a risk factor for brain disorders and the value of heritability-based methods in understanding their etiology.
Published: 2018

54. Clinical utility, safety and tolerability of transcranial magnetic stimulation in the first seizure clinic

Author: Sethi, M., primary, Carney, P., additional, Edmonds, M., additional, Berkovic, S., additional, Jackson, G., additional, and Macdonell, R., additional
Published: 2017
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55. ILAE classification of the epilepsies: Position paper of the ILAE Commission for Classification and Terminology

Author: Scheffer, IE, Berkovic, S, Capovilla, G, Connolly, MB, French, J, Guilhoto, L, Hirsch, E, Jain, S, Mathern, GW, Moshe, SL, Nordli, DR, Perucca, E, Tomson, T, Wiebe, S, Zhang, Y-H, Zuberi, SM, Scheffer, IE, Berkovic, S, Capovilla, G, Connolly, MB, French, J, Guilhoto, L, Hirsch, E, Jain, S, Mathern, GW, Moshe, SL, Nordli, DR, Perucca, E, Tomson, T, Wiebe, S, Zhang, Y-H, and Zuberi, SM
Abstract: The International League Against Epilepsy (ILAE) Classification of the Epilepsies has been updated to reflect our gain in understanding of the epilepsies and their underlying mechanisms following the major scientific advances that have taken place since the last ratified classification in 1989. As a critical tool for the practicing clinician, epilepsy classification must be relevant and dynamic to changes in thinking, yet robust and translatable to all areas of the globe. Its primary purpose is for diagnosis of patients, but it is also critical for epilepsy research, development of antiepileptic therapies, and communication around the world. The new classification originates from a draft document submitted for public comments in 2013, which was revised to incorporate extensive feedback from the international epilepsy community over several rounds of consultation. It presents three levels, starting with seizure type, where it assumes that the patient is having epileptic seizures as defined by the new 2017 ILAE Seizure Classification. After diagnosis of the seizure type, the next step is diagnosis of epilepsy type, including focal epilepsy, generalized epilepsy, combined generalized, and focal epilepsy, and also an unknown epilepsy group. The third level is that of epilepsy syndrome, where a specific syndromic diagnosis can be made. The new classification incorporates etiology along each stage, emphasizing the need to consider etiology at each step of diagnosis, as it often carries significant treatment implications. Etiology is broken into six subgroups, selected because of their potential therapeutic consequences. New terminology is introduced such as developmental and epileptic encephalopathy. The term benign is replaced by the terms self-limited and pharmacoresponsive, to be used where appropriate. It is hoped that this new framework will assist in improving epilepsy care and research in the 21st century.
Published: 2017

56. Neuronal Sodium-Channel [Alpha]1-Subunit Mutations in Generalized Epilepsy with Febrile Seizures Plus

Author: Wallace, R. H., Scheffer, I. E., Barnett, S., Richards, M., Dibbens, L., Desai, R. R., Lerman-Sagie, T., Lev, D., Mazarib, A., Brand, N., Ben-Zeev, B., Goikhman, I., Singh, R., Kremmidiotis, G., Gardner, A., Sutherland, G. R., George, A. L. Jr., Mulley, J. C., and Berkovic, S. F.
Subjects: Epilepsy -- Genetic aspects, Phenotype -- Research, Gene mutations -- Research, Human genetics -- Research, Biological sciences
Published: 2001

57. A New Locus for Generalized Epilepsy with Febrile Seizures Plus Maps to Chromosome 2

Author: Lopes-Cendes, I., Scheffer, I. E., Berkovic, S. F., Rousseau, M., Andermann, E., and Rouleau, G. A.
Subjects: Human genetics -- Research, Epilepsy -- Causes of, Genetic disorders -- Analysis, Phenotype -- Research, Spontaneous generation -- Analysis, Febrile convulsions -- Analysis, Genetic markers -- Research, Chromosome mapping -- Research, Biological sciences
Published: 2000

58. Definition and diagnostic criteria of sleep-related hypermotor epilepsy

Author: Tinuper, P, Bisulli, F, Cross, JH, Hesdorffer, D, Kahane, P, Nobili, L, Provini, F, Scheffer, IE, Tassi, L, Vignatelli, L, Bassetti, C, Cirignotta, F, Derry, C, Gambardella, A, Guerrini, R, Halasz, P, Licchetta, L, Mahowald, M, Manni, R, Marini, C, Mostacci, B, Naldi, I, Parrino, L, Picard, F, Pugliatti, M, Ryvlin, P, Vigevano, F, Zucconi, M, Berkovic, S, Ottman, R, Tinuper, P, Bisulli, F, Cross, JH, Hesdorffer, D, Kahane, P, Nobili, L, Provini, F, Scheffer, IE, Tassi, L, Vignatelli, L, Bassetti, C, Cirignotta, F, Derry, C, Gambardella, A, Guerrini, R, Halasz, P, Licchetta, L, Mahowald, M, Manni, R, Marini, C, Mostacci, B, Naldi, I, Parrino, L, Picard, F, Pugliatti, M, Ryvlin, P, Vigevano, F, Zucconi, M, Berkovic, S, and Ottman, R
Abstract: The syndrome known as nocturnal frontal lobe epilepsy is recognized worldwide and has been studied in a wide range of clinical and scientific settings (epilepsy, sleep medicine, neurosurgery, pediatric neurology, epidemiology, genetics). Though uncommon, it is of considerable interest to practicing neurologists because of complexity in differential diagnosis from more common, benign sleep disorders such as parasomnias, or other disorders like psychogenic nonepileptic seizures. Moreover, misdiagnosis can have substantial adverse consequences on patients' lives. At present, there is no consensus definition of this disorder and disagreement persists about its core electroclinical features and the spectrum of etiologies involved. To improve the definition of the disorder and establish diagnostic criteria with levels of certainty, a consensus conference using formal recommended methodology was held in Bologna in September 2014. It was recommended that the name be changed to sleep-related hypermotor epilepsy (SHE), reflecting evidence that the attacks are associated with sleep rather than time of day, the seizures may arise from extrafrontal sites, and the motor aspects of the seizures are characteristic. The etiology may be genetic or due to structural pathology, but in most cases remains unknown. Diagnostic criteria were developed with 3 levels of certainty: witnessed (possible) SHE, video-documented (clinical) SHE, and video-EEG-documented (confirmed) SHE. The main research gaps involve epidemiology, pathophysiology, treatment, and prognosis.
Published: 2016

59. TBC1D24 genotype-phenotype correlation: epilepsies and other neurologic features

Author: Karabey, Hülya Kayserili (ORCID 0000-0003-0376-499X & YÖK ID 7945), Balestrini, S.; Milh, M.; Castiglioni, C.; Luthy, K.; Finelli, M. J.; Verstreken, P.; Cardon, A.; Strazisar, B. G.; Holder, J. L.; Lesca, G.; Mancardi, M. M.; Poulat, A. L.; Repetto, G. M.; Banka, S.; Bilo, L.; Birkeland, L. E.; Bosch, F.; Brockmann, K.; Cross, J. H.; Doummar, D.; Felix, T. M.; Giuliano, F.; Hori, M.; Huning, I.; Kayserili, H.; Kini, U.; Lees, M. M.; Meenakshi, G.; Mewasingh, L.; Pagnamenta, A. T.; Peluso, S.; Mey, A.; Rice, G. M.; Rosenfeld, J. A.; Taylor, J. C.; Troester, M. M.; Stanley, C. M.; Ville, D.; Walkiewicz, M.; Falace, A.; Fassio, A.; Lemke, J. R.; Biskup, S.; Tardif, J.; Ajeawung, N. F.; Tolun, A.; Corbett, M.; Gecz, J.; Afawi, Z.; Howell, K. B.; Oliver, K. L.; Berkovic, S. F.; Scheffer, I. E.; de Falco, F. A.; Oliver, P. L.; Striano, P.; Zara, F.; Campeau, P. M.; Sisodiya, S. M., School of Medicine, Department of Medical Genetics, Karabey, Hülya Kayserili (ORCID 0000-0003-0376-499X & YÖK ID 7945), Balestrini, S.; Milh, M.; Castiglioni, C.; Luthy, K.; Finelli, M. J.; Verstreken, P.; Cardon, A.; Strazisar, B. G.; Holder, J. L.; Lesca, G.; Mancardi, M. M.; Poulat, A. L.; Repetto, G. M.; Banka, S.; Bilo, L.; Birkeland, L. E.; Bosch, F.; Brockmann, K.; Cross, J. H.; Doummar, D.; Felix, T. M.; Giuliano, F.; Hori, M.; Huning, I.; Kayserili, H.; Kini, U.; Lees, M. M.; Meenakshi, G.; Mewasingh, L.; Pagnamenta, A. T.; Peluso, S.; Mey, A.; Rice, G. M.; Rosenfeld, J. A.; Taylor, J. C.; Troester, M. M.; Stanley, C. M.; Ville, D.; Walkiewicz, M.; Falace, A.; Fassio, A.; Lemke, J. R.; Biskup, S.; Tardif, J.; Ajeawung, N. F.; Tolun, A.; Corbett, M.; Gecz, J.; Afawi, Z.; Howell, K. B.; Oliver, K. L.; Berkovic, S. F.; Scheffer, I. E.; de Falco, F. A.; Oliver, P. L.; Striano, P.; Zara, F.; Campeau, P. M.; Sisodiya, S. M., School of Medicine, and Department of Medical Genetics
Abstract: Objective: To evaluate the phenotypic spectrum associated with mutations in TBC1D24. Methods: We acquired new clinical, EEG, and neuroimaging data of 11 previously unreported and 37 published patients. TBC1D24 mutations, identified through various sequencing methods, can be found online (http://lovd.nl/TBC1D24). Results: Forty-eight patients were included (28 men, 20 women, average age 21 years) from 30 independent families. Eighteen patients (38%) had myoclonic epilepsies. The other patients carried diagnoses of focal (25%), multifocal (2%), generalized (4%), and unclassified epilepsy (6%), and early-onset epileptic encephalopathy (25%). Most patients had drug-resistant epilepsy. We detail EEG, neuroimaging, developmental, and cognitive features, treatment responsiveness, and physical examination. In silico evaluation revealed 7 different highly conserved motifs, with the most common pathogenic mutation located in the first. Neuronal outgrowth assays showed that some TBC1D24 mutations, associated with the most severe TBC1D24-associated disorders, are not necessarily the most disruptive to this gene function. Conclusions: TBC1D24-related epilepsy syndromes show marked phenotypic pleiotropy, with multisystem involvement and severity spectrum ranging from isolated deafness (not studied here), benign myoclonic epilepsy restricted to childhood with complete seizure control and normal intellect, to early-onset epileptic encephalopathy with severe developmental delay and early death. There is no distinct correlation with mutation type or location yet, but patterns are emerging. Given the phenotypic breadth observed, TBC1D24 mutation screening is indicated in a wide variety of epilepsies. A TBC1D24 consortium was formed to develop further research on this gene and its associated phenotypes., NIHR Biomedical Research Centres; Polytechnic University of Marche, Italy; Wellcome Trust; BAEF fellowship; NHMRC; Department of Health's National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centres funding scheme; Gustave Nossal NHMRC postgraduate scholarship; Clifford PhD scholarship; Fondation CHU Sainte-Justine; Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR); Fonds de Recherche Sante Quebec; European Research Council under the European Union; National Institute for Health Research
Published: 2016

60. Genome-wide linkage meta-analysis identifies susceptibility loci at 2q34 and 13q31.3 for genetic generalized epilepsies

Author: EPICURE Consortium, Leu C., de Kovel C. G., Zara F., Striano P., Pezzella M., Robbiano A., Bianchi A., Coppola A., Giallonardo A. T., Beccaria F., Trenité D. K., Lindhout D., Gaus V., Schmitz B., Janz D., Weber Y. G., Becker F., Lerche H., Kleefuss Lie A. A., Hallman K., Kunz W. S., Elger C. E., Muhle H., Stephani U., Møller R. S., Hjalgrim H., Mullen S., Scheffer I. E., Berkovic S. F., Everett K. V., Gardiner M. R., Marini C., Guerrini R., Lehesjoki A. E., Siren A., Nabbout R., Baulac S., Leguern E., Serratosa J. M., Rosenow F., Feucht M., Unterberger I., Covanis A., Suls A., Weckhuysen S., Kaneva R., Caglayan H., Turkdogan D., Baykan B., Bebek N., Ozbek U., Hempelmann A., Schulz H., Rüschendorf F., Trucks H., Nürnberg P., Avanzini G., Koeleman B. P., Sander T., BISULLI, FRANCESCA, TINUPER, PAOLO, YÜCESAN, EMRAH, EPICURE Consortium, Leu C., de Kovel C.G., Zara F., Striano P., Pezzella M., Robbiano A., Bianchi A., Bisulli F., Coppola A., Giallonardo A.T., Beccaria F., Trenité D.K., Lindhout D., Gaus V., Schmitz B., Janz D., Weber Y.G., Becker F., Lerche H., Kleefuss-Lie A.A., Hallman K., Kunz W.S., Elger C.E., Muhle H., Stephani U., Møller R.S., Hjalgrim H., Mullen S., Scheffer I.E., Berkovic S.F., Everett K.V., Gardiner M.R., Marini C., Guerrini R., Lehesjoki A.E., Siren A., Nabbout R., Baulac S., Leguern E., Serratosa J.M., Rosenow F., Feucht M., Unterberger I., Covanis A., Suls A., Weckhuysen S., Kaneva R., Caglayan H., Turkdogan D., Baykan B., Bebek N., Ozbek U., Hempelmann A., Schulz H., Rüschendorf F., Trucks H., Nürnberg P., Avanzini G., Koeleman B.P., Sander T., and Tinuper P.
Subjects: Male, Chromosomes, Human, Pair 13, Genotype, Genetic Linkage, Chromosome Mapping, complex inheritance, Pedigree, genetic generalized epilepsy, myoclonic seizure, Phenotype, Genetic Loci, Chromosomes, Human, Pair 2, Humans, Epilepsy, Generalized, Family, Female, Genetic Predisposition to Disease, linkage analysis, absence seizure, Genome-Wide Association Study
Abstract: PURPOSE: Genetic generalized epilepsies (GGEs) have a lifetime prevalence of 0.3% with heritability estimates of 80%. A considerable proportion of families with siblings affected by GGEs presumably display an oligogenic inheritance. The present genome-wide linkage meta-analysis aimed to map: (1) susceptibility loci shared by a broad spectrum of GGEs, and (2) seizure type-related genetic factors preferentially predisposing to either typical absence or myoclonic seizures, respectively. METHODS: Meta-analysis of three genome-wide linkage datasets was carried out in 379 GGE-multiplex families of European ancestry including 982 relatives with GGEs. To dissect out seizure type-related susceptibility genes, two family subgroups were stratified comprising 235 families with predominantly genetic absence epilepsies (GAEs) and 118 families with an aggregation of juvenile myoclonic epilepsy (JME). To map shared and seizure type-related susceptibility loci, both nonparametric loci (NPL) and parametric linkage analyses were performed for a broad trait model (GGEs) in the entire set of GGE-multiplex families and a narrow trait model (typical absence or myoclonic seizures) in the subgroups of JME and GAE families. KEY FINDINGS: For the entire set of 379 GGE-multiplex families, linkage analysis revealed six loci achieving suggestive evidence for linkage at 1p36.22, 3p14.2, 5q34, 13q12.12, 13q31.3, and 19q13.42. The linkage finding at 5q34 was consistently supported by both NPL and parametric linkage results across all three family groups. A genome-wide significant nonparametric logarithm of odds score of 3.43 was obtained at 2q34 in 118 JME families. Significant parametric linkage to 13q31.3 was found in 235 GAE families assuming recessive inheritance (heterogeneity logarithm of odds = 5.02). SIGNIFICANCE: Our linkage results support an oligogenic predisposition of familial GGE syndromes. The genetic risk factor at 5q34 confers risk to a broad spectrum of familial GGE syndromes, whereas susceptibility loci at 2q34 and 13q31.3 preferentially predispose to myoclonic seizures or absence seizures, respectively. Phenotype- genotype strategies applying narrow trait definitions in phenotypic homogeneous subgroups of families improve the prospects of disentangling the genetic basis of common familial GGE syndromes.
Published: 2012

61. Genome-wide association analysis of genetic generalized epilepsies implicates susceptibility loci at 1q43, 2p16.1,2q22.3 and 17q21.32

Author: Steffens, M., Leu, C., Ruppert, A., Zara, F., Striano, P., Robbiano, A., Capovilla, G., Tinuper, P., Gambardella, A., Bianchi, A., La neve, A., Crichiutti, G., de kovel, C. G., Trenité, D. K. -N., de haan, G., Lindhout, D., Gaus, V., Schmitz, B., Janz, D., Weber, Y. G., Becker, F., Lerche, H., Steinhoff, B. J., Kleefuß-Lie, A. A., Kunz, W. S., Surges, R., Elger, C. E., Muhle, H., Von spiczak, S., Ostertag, P., Helbig, I., Stephani, U., Møller, R. S., Hjalgrim, H., Dibbens, L. M., Bellows, S., Oliver, K., Mullen, S., Scheffer, I. E., Berkovic, S. F., Everett, K. V., Gardiner, M. R., Marini, Chiara, Guerrini, R., Lehesjoki, A., Siren, A., Guipponi, M., Malafosse, A., Thomas, P., Nabbout, R., Baulac, S., Leguern, E., Guerrero, R., Serratosa, J. M., Reif, P. S., Rosenow, F., Mörzinger, M., Feucht, M., Zimprich, F., Kapser, C., Schankin, C. J., Suls, A., Smets, K., De jonghe, P., Jordanova, A., Caglayan, H., Yapici, Z., Yalcin, D. A., Baykan, B., Bebek, N., Ozbek, U., Gieger, C., Wichmann, H., Balschun, T., Ellinghaus, D., Franke, A., Meesters, C., Becker, T., Wienker, T. F., Hempelmann, A., Schulz, H., Rüschendorf, F., Leber, M., Pauck, S. M., Trucks, H., Toliat, M. R., Nürnberg, P., Avanzini, G., Koeleman, B. P., Sander, T., Weckhuysen, S., Claes, L., Deprez, L., Van Dyck, T., Deconinck, T., De Jonghe, P., Velizarova, R., Dimova, P., Radionova, M., Tournev, I., Kancheva, D., Kaneva, R., Lehesjoki, A. -E., von Spiczak, S., Martin Klein, K., Oertel, W. H., Hamer, H. M., Marini, C., Mei, D., Norci, V., Pezzella, M., La Neve, A., Vigliano, P., Vanadia, F., Vignoli, A., Coppola, A., Striano, S., Egeo, G., Teresa Giallonardo, M., Franceschetti, S., Belcastro, V., Benna, P., Coppola, G., De Palo, A., Ferlazzo, E., Vecchi, M., Martinelli, V., Bisulli, F., Beccaria, F., Del Giudice, E., Mancardi, M., Stranci, G., Scabar, A., Gobbi, G., Giordano, I., de Haan, G. -J., Giraldez, B. G., Ozbeck, U., Ozdemir, O., Ugur, S., Kocasoy-Orhan, E., Yücesan, E., Cine, N., Gokyigit, A., Gurses, C., Gul, G., Ozkara, C., Yalcin, O., Turkdogan, D., Dizdarer, G., Agan, K., Steffens, Michael, Leu, Costin, Ruppert, Ann-Kathrin, Zara, Frederico, Dibbens, Leanne Michelle, Sander, Thomas, EPICURE Consortium, Epicure, Consortium, DEL GIUDICE, Ennio, Steffens, M, Leu, C, Ruppert, Ak, Zara, F, Striano, P, Robbiano, A., Coppola, Antonietta, E. P. I. C. U. R. E. Consortium, E. M. I.Net Consortium, M. Steffen, C. Leu, A. Ruppert, F. Zara, P. Striano, A. Robbiano, G. Capovilla, P. Tinuper, A. Gambardella, A. Bianchi, A. L. Neve, G. Crichiutti, C. G. F, D. K. Trenité, G. d. Haan, D. Lindhout, V. Gau, B. Schmitz, D. Janz, Y. G. Weber, F. Becker, H. Lerche, B. J. Steinhoff, A. A. Kleefuß-Lie, W. S. Kunz, R. Surge, C. E. Elger, H. Muhle, S. v. Spiczak, P. Ostertag, I. Helbig, U. Stephani, R. S. Møller, H. Hjalgrim, L. M. Dibben, S. Bellow, K. Oliver, S. Mullen, I. E. Scheffer, S. F. Berkovic, K. V. Everett, M. R. Gardiner, C. Marini, R. Guerrini, A. Lehesjoki, A. Siren, M. Guipponi, A. Malafosse, P. Thoma, R. Nabbout, S. Baulac, E. Leguern, R. Guerrero, J. M. Serratosa, P. S. Reif, F. Rosenow, M. Mörzinger, M. Feucht, F. Zimprich, C. Kapser, C. J. Schankin, A. Sul, K. Smet, P. D. Jonghe, A. Jordanova, H. Caglayan, Z. Yapici, D. A. Yalcin, B. Baykan, N. Bebek, U. Ozbek, C. Gieger, H. Wichmann, T. Balschun, D. Ellinghau, A. Franke, C. Meester, T. Becker, T. F. Wienker, A. Hempelmann, H. Schulz, F. Rüschendorf, M. Leber, S. M. Pauck, H. Truck, M. R. Toliat, P. Nürnberg, G. Avanzini, B. P. C, and T. Sander
Subjects: Candidate gene, Juvenile, Genome-wide association study, Alleles, Epilepsy, ZEB2 protein, human, VRK2 protein, human, 0302 clinical medicine, genetics [Genetic Predisposition to Disease], genetics, Humans, Myoclonic Epilepsy, genetics [Epilepsy, Generalized], SCN1A protein, human, Genetics (clinical), Genetics, 0303 health sciences, genetics [Epilepsy, Absence], Myoclonic Epilepsy, Juvenile, genetics, Genetic Predisposition to Disease, General Medicine, Protein-Serine-Threonine Kinases, 3. Good health, Chemistry, Absence, genetics, Epilepsy, genetics [Myoclonic Epilepsy, Juvenile], Epilepsy, Generalized, genetics [Receptor, Muscarinic M3], genetics, NAV1.1 Voltage-Gated Sodium Channel, genetics [Homeodomain Proteins], Single-nucleotide polymorphism, genetics [NAV1.1 Voltage-Gated Sodium Channel], Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases, Biology, genetics [Protein-Serine-Threonine Kinases], 03 medical and health sciences, ddc:570, Genetic variation, medicine, Humans, Genetic Predisposition to Disease, genetics, Repressor Protein, Allele, Molecular Biology, Alleles, Zinc Finger E-box Binding Homeobox 2, 030304 developmental biology, Homeodomain Proteins, Receptor, Muscarinic M3, genetics, Protein-Serine-Threonine Kinase, genetics, Receptor, Generalized, genetics, Genome-Wide Association Study, Homeodomain Protein, Heritability, medicine.disease, NAV1.1 Voltage-Gated Sodium Channel, Repressor Proteins, genetics [Repressor Proteins], Muscarinic M3, Epilepsy, Absence, Myoclonic epilepsy, Human medicine, Juvenile myoclonic epilepsy, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, Genome-Wide Association Study
Abstract: Genetic generalized epilepsies (GGEs) have a lifetime prevalence of 0.3\% and account for 20-30\% of all epilepsies. Despite their high heritability of 80\%, the genetic factors predisposing to GGEs remain elusive. To identify susceptibility variants shared across common GGE syndromes, we carried out a two-stage genome-wide association study (GWAS) including 3020 patients with GGEs and 3954 controls of European ancestry. To dissect out syndrome-related variants, we also explored two distinct GGE subgroups comprising 1434 patients with genetic absence epilepsies (GAEs) and 1134 patients with juvenile myoclonic epilepsy (JME). Joint Stage-1 and 2 analyses revealed genome-wide significant associations for GGEs at 2p16.1 (rs13026414, P(meta) = 2.5 × 10(-9), OR[T] = 0.81) and 17q21.32 (rs72823592, P(meta) = 9.3 × 10(-9), OR[A] = 0.77). The search for syndrome-related susceptibility alleles identified significant associations for GAEs at 2q22.3 (rs10496964, P(meta) = 9.1 × 10(-9), OR[T] = 0.68) and at 1q43 for JME (rs12059546, P(meta) = 4.1 × 10(-8), OR[G] = 1.42). Suggestive evidence for an association with GGEs was found in the region 2q24.3 (rs11890028, P(meta) = 4.0 × 10(-6)) nearby the SCN1A gene, which is currently the gene with the largest number of known epilepsy-related mutations. The associated regions harbor high-ranking candidate genes: CHRM3 at 1q43, VRK2 at 2p16.1, ZEB2 at 2q22.3, SCN1A at 2q24.3 and PNPO at 17q21.32. Further replication efforts are necessary to elucidate whether these positional candidate genes contribute to the heritability of the common GGE syndromes.
Published: 2012
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62. KCNQ2 MUTATIONS ARE A CAUSE OF NEONATAL EPILEPTIC ENCEPHALOPATHIES WITH A RECOGNIZABLE CLINICAL AND RADIOLOGICAL PHENOTYPE

Author: Weckhuysen, S., Mandelstam, S., Suls, A., Audenaert, D., Deconinck, T., Claes, L., Deprez, L., Smets, K., Hristova, D., Yordanova, I., Jordanova, A., Ceulemans, B., Anna Jansen, Hasaerts, D., Roelens, F., Lagae, L., Yendle, S., Stanley, T., Heron, S., Mulley, J., Berkovic, S., Scheffer, I., Jonghe, P., Philip A. Schwartzkroin, Phd, Simon D. Shorvon, Ma, Md, Frcp, Public Health Care, and Neurogenetics
Subjects: KCNQ2 mutations, Screening, Neonatal epileptic encephalopaties
Abstract: Purpose: KCNQ2 and KCNQ3 mutations are known to be responsible for Benign Familial Neonatal Seizures (BFNS). A few reports on patients with a KCNQ2 mutation with a more severe outcome exist, but a definite relationship has not been established. In this study we investigated whether KCNQ2/3 mutations are a frequent cause of epileptic encephalopathies with an early onset and whether patients present with a particular phenotype. Method: We analyzed 80 patients with unexplained neonatal or earlyinfantile seizures and associated psychomotor retardation for KCNQ2 and KCNQ3 mutations. Clinical and imaging data were reviewed in detail. Results: We found seven different heterozygous KCNQ2 mutations in eight patients (8/80; 10%); six mutations were proven de novo. One parent with a milder phenotype was mosaic for the mutation. The eight patients had onset of intractable seizures in the first week of life with a prominent tonic component. Seizures generally resolved by age 3 years but the children had severe-profound intellectual disability with motor impairment. EEG at onset showed a burst suppression pattern or multifocal epileptic activity. Early MRI of the brain showed characteristic hyperintensities in the basal ganglia and thalamus that later resolved. Conclusion: KCNQ2 mutations are found in a substantial proportion of patients with a neonatal epileptic encephalopathy with a very distinct electro-clinical and radiological phenotype. This suggests that KCNQ2 screening should be included in the diagnostic workup of refractory neonatal seizures of unknown origin.
Published: 2011

63. Cortical microarchitecture changes in genetic epilepsy

Author: Wimmer, V. C., primary, Li, M. Y.- S., additional, Berkovic, S. F., additional, and Petrou, S., additional
Published: 2015
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64. Systematic deep sequence analysis of the role of somatic mutation in cerebral cortical malformations

Author: Jamuar, S.S., Lam, A.N.T., Kircher, M., D'Gama, A.M., Wang, J, Barry, J., Zhang, X., Hill, R.S., Partlow, J.N., Rozzo, A., Servattalab, S, Mehta, B, Topcu, M, Amrom, Dina, Andermann, Eva, Dan, Bernard, Guerrini, R, Scheffer, Ingrid E, Berkovic, S F, Leventer, Richard Jacob R., Shen, Y.-T., Lin Wu, B, Brain Malformation Study Group, B, Barkovich, A James, Sahin, Mustafa, Chang, B.S., Bamshad, M., Nickerson, D.A., Shendure, J., Poduri, A., Yu, T.W., Walsh, C A, Jamuar, S.S., Lam, A.N.T., Kircher, M., D'Gama, A.M., Wang, J, Barry, J., Zhang, X., Hill, R.S., Partlow, J.N., Rozzo, A., Servattalab, S, Mehta, B, Topcu, M, Amrom, Dina, Andermann, Eva, Dan, Bernard, Guerrini, R, Scheffer, Ingrid E, Berkovic, S F, Leventer, Richard Jacob R., Shen, Y.-T., Lin Wu, B, Brain Malformation Study Group, B, Barkovich, A James, Sahin, Mustafa, Chang, B.S., Bamshad, M., Nickerson, D.A., Shendure, J., Poduri, A., Yu, T.W., and Walsh, C A
Abstract: BACKGROUND: Although there is increasing recognition of the role of somatic mutations in genetic disorders, the prevalence of somatic mutations in neurodevelopmental disease and the optimal techniques to detect somatic mosaicism have not been systematically evaluated. METHODS: Using a customized panel of known and candidate genes associated with brain malformations, we applied targeted high-coverage sequencing (depth, ≥200x) to leukocytederived DNA samples from 158 persons with brain malformations, including the double-cortex syndrome (subcortical band heterotopia, 30 persons), polymicrogyria with megalencephaly (20), periventricular nodular heterotopia (61), and pachygyria (47). We validated candidate mutations with the use of Sanger sequencing and, for variants present at unequal read depths, subcloning followed by colony sequencing. RESULTS: Validated, causal mutations were found in 27 persons (17%; range, 10 to 30% for each phenotype). Mutations were somatic in 8 of the 27 (30%), predominantly in persons with the double-cortex syndrome (in whom we found mutations in DCX and LIS1), persons with periventricular nodular heterotopia (FLNA), and persons with pachygyria (TUBB2B). Of the somatic mutations we detected, 5 (63%) were undetectable with the use of traditional Sanger sequencing but were validated through subcloning and subsequent sequencing of the subcloned DNA. We found potentially causal mutations in the candidate genes DYNC1H1, KIF5C, and other kinesin genes in persons with pachygyria. CONCLUSIONS: Targeted sequencing was found to be useful for detecting somatic mutations in patients with brain malformations. High-coverage sequencing panels provide an important complement to whole-exome and whole-genome sequencing in the evaluation of somatic mutations in neuropsychiatric disease. Copyright © 2014 Massachusetts Medical Society., SCOPUS: ar.j, info:eu-repo/semantics/published
Published: 2014

65. Weight and fat distribution in patients taking valproate: A valproate-discordant gender-matched twin and sibling pair study

Author: Petty, S., Kantor, S., Lawrence, K., Berkovic, S., Collins, M., Hill, Keith, Makovey, J., Sambrook, P., O'Brien, T., Wark, J., Petty, S., Kantor, S., Lawrence, K., Berkovic, S., Collins, M., Hill, Keith, Makovey, J., Sambrook, P., O'Brien, T., and Wark, J.
Abstract: Objectives: Chronic treatment with valproate (VPA) is commonly associated with weight gain, which potentially has important health implications, in particular increased central fat distribution. We utilized a VPA-discordant same-sex, twin and matched sibling pair study design to primarily examine for differences in fat distribution between patients with epilepsy treated with VPA compared to their matched twin or sibling control. Weight, blood pressure, and leptin levels were assessed. Methods: Height, weight, waist and hip measurements, exercise, blood pressure (BP), and serum leptin levels were measured. Body composition was measured using dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA). Abdominal fat was expressed as a percentage of the abdominal region (AFat%); and of whole body fat (WBF); (AFat%WBF). Mean within-pair differences were assessed (VPA-user and nonuser). Restricted maximum likelihood (REML) linear mixed model analysis was fitted to examine associations of anthropometrics, zygosity, gender, menopausal status, VPA dose and duration, with weight and AFat%.Results: We studied 19 pairs of VPA-discordant, gender-matched (five male, 14 female) twins and siblings. Mean (standard deviation, SD) duration of therapy for VPA users was 11.0 (7.4) years. There were no statistically significant within-pair differences in age, height, weight, body mass index (BMI), BP, leptin level, WBF, AFat%, or AFat%WBF. For pairs in which VPA-user was treated for >11 years there were statistically significant mean within-pair differences in AFat%, (+7.1%, p = 0.03, n = 10 pairs), mean BP (+11.0 mm Hg, p = 0.006, n = 8 pairs); but not in AFat%WBF. VPA duration was positively associated with weight (estimate +0.98 kg/per year of VPA, p = 0.03); VPA treatment duration and dose were not significantly associated with AFat%. Significance: This study demonstrated a relationship between long-term VPA use and abdominal adiposity (AFat%), which could have significant health implications. We recomm
Published: 2014

66. Genetics of epilepsy: The testimony of twins in the molecular era

Author: Vadlamudi, L., primary, Milne, R. L., additional, Lawrence, K., additional, Heron, S. E., additional, Eckhaus, J., additional, Keay, D., additional, Connellan, M., additional, Torn-Broers, Y., additional, Howell, R. A., additional, Mulley, J. C., additional, Scheffer, I. E., additional, Dibbens, L. M., additional, Hopper, J. L., additional, and Berkovic, S. F., additional
Published: 2014
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67. P1027: Neurophysiological findings in patients with ceroid lipofuscinosis due to CLN6 mutations

Author: Canafoglia, L., primary, Gilioli, I., additional, Granata, T., additional, Binelli, S., additional, Garavaglia, B., additional, Berkovic, S., additional, Nardocci, N., additional, and Franceschetti, S., additional
Published: 2014
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68. GABRA1 and STXBP1: Novel genetic causes of Dravet syndrome

Author: Carvill, G. L., primary, Weckhuysen, S., additional, McMahon, J. M., additional, Hartmann, C., additional, Moller, R. S., additional, Hjalgrim, H., additional, Cook, J., additional, Geraghty, E., additional, O'Roak, B. J., additional, Petrou, S., additional, Clarke, A., additional, Gill, D., additional, Sadleir, L. G., additional, Muhle, H., additional, von Spiczak, S., additional, Nikanorova, M., additional, Hodgson, B. L., additional, Gazina, E. V., additional, Suls, A., additional, Shendure, J., additional, Dibbens, L. M., additional, De Jonghe, P., additional, Helbig, I., additional, Berkovic, S. F., additional, Scheffer, I. E., additional, and Mefford, H. C., additional
Published: 2014
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69. Subcortical band heterotopia (SBH) in males: clinical, imaging and genetic findings in comparison with females

Author: D, Agostino, Md, Bernasconi, A, Das, S, Bastos, A, Valerio, Rm, Palmini, A, COSTA DA COSTA, J, Scheffer, Je, Berkovic, S, Guerrini, R, Dravet, C, Ono, J, Gigli, Gl, Federico, Antonio, Booth, F, Bernardi, B, Volpi, L, Tassinari, Ca, Guggenheim, Ma, Lekbetter, Dh, Glesson, Jg, Lopescendes, I, Vossler, Dg, Malaspina, E, Franzoni, E, Sartori, Rj, Mitchell, Mh, Mercho, S, Dubeau, F, Andermann, F, Dobyns, Wb, and Andermann, E.
Subjects: Adult, Doublecortin Domain Proteins, Male, Pathology, medicine.medical_specialty, Doublecortin Protein, Adolescent, Genotype, Subcortical band heterotopia (SBH), Biology, Choristoma, Nervous System Malformations, Germline, clinical, Germline mutation, Cell Movement, Pregnancy, medicine, Missense mutation, Humans, Child, Cerebral Cortex, Neurons, Sex Characteristics, Pachygyria, Neuropeptides, Infant, females, medicine.disease, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Doublecortin, Neuronal migration disorder, Heterotopia (medicine), Phenotype, Child, Preschool, 1-Alkyl-2-acetylglycerophosphocholine Esterase, Mutation, biology.protein, Female, Neurology (clinical), genetic, Trisomy, Microtubule-Associated Proteins
Abstract: Subcortical band heterotopia (SBH) or double cortex syndrome is a neuronal migration disorder, which occurs very rarely in males: to date, at least 110 females but only 11 in males have been reported. The syndrome is usually associated with mutations in the doublecortin ( DCX ) (Xq22.3‐q23) gene, and much less frequently in the LIS1 (17p13.3) gene. To determine whether the phenotypic spectrum, the genetic basis and genotype–phenotype correlations of SBH in males are similar to those in females, we compared the clinical, imaging and molecular features in 30 personally evaluated males and 60 previously reported females with SBH. Based on the MRI findings, we defined the following band subtypes: partial, involving one or two cerebral lobes; intermediate, involving two lobes and a portion of a third; diffuse, with substantial involvement of three or more lobes; and pachygyria‐SBH, in which posterior SBH merges with anterior pachygyria. Karyo typing and mutation analysis of DCX and/or LIS1 were performed in 23 and 24 patients, respectively. The range of clinical phenotypes in males with SBH greatly overlapped that in females. MRI studies revealed that some anatomical subtypes of SBH, such as partial and intermediate posterior, pachygyria‐SBH and diffuse bands with posterior predominance, were more frequently or exclusively present in males. Conversely, classical diffuse SBH and diffuse bands with anterior predominance were more frequent in females. Males had either mild or the most severe band subtypes, and these correlated with the over‐representation of normal/borderline intelligence and severe mental retardation, respectively. Conversely, females who had predominantly diffuse bands exhibited mostly mild or moderate mental retardation. Seven patients (29%) had missense mutations in DCX ; in four, these were germline mutations, whereas in three there was evidence for somatic mosaicism. A germline missense mutation of LIS1 and a partial trisomy of chromosome 9p were identified in one patient (4%) each. One male each had a possible pathogenic intronic base change in both DCX and LIS1 genes. Our study shows that SBH in males is a clinically heterogeneous syndrome, mostly occurring sporadically. The clinical spectrum is similar to that of females with SBH. However, the greater cognitive and neuroradiological heterogeneity and the small number of mutations identified to date in the coding sequences of the DCX and LIS1 genes in males differ from the findings in females. This suggests other genetic mechanisms such as mutations in the non‐coding regions of the DCX or LIS1 genes, gonadal or somatic mosaicism, and finally mutations of other genes.
Published: 2002

70. ILAE Genetics Commission Conference Report:Molecular Analysis of Complex Genetic Epilepsies

Author: Andersen, E., Berkovic, S., Dulac, O., Gardiner, M., Jain, S., Friis, M.L., Lindhout, D., Noebels, J., Ottman, R., Scaramelli, A., Serratosa, J., and Steinlein, O.
Published: 2002

71. Epi4K: Gene discovery in 4,000 genomes

Author: Berkovic, S, Cossette, P, Delanty, N, Dlugos, D, Eichler, E, Epstein, M, Glauser, T, Goldstein, D, Heinzen, E, Johnson, MR, Kuzniecky, R, Lowenstein, D, Marson, T, Mefford, H, O'Brien, T, Ottman, R, Poduri, A, Scheffer, I, Sherr, E, Shianna, K, Berkovic, S, Cossette, P, Delanty, N, Dlugos, D, Eichler, E, Epstein, M, Glauser, T, Goldstein, D, Heinzen, E, Johnson, MR, Kuzniecky, R, Lowenstein, D, Marson, T, Mefford, H, O'Brien, T, Ottman, R, Poduri, A, Scheffer, I, Sherr, E, and Shianna, K
Abstract: A major challenge in epilepsy research is to unravel the complex genetic mechanisms underlying both common and rare forms of epilepsy, as well as the genetic determinants of response to treatment. To accelerate progress in this area, the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS) recently offered funding for the creation of a "Center without Walls" to focus on the genetics of human epilepsy. This article describes Epi4K, the collaborative study supported through this grant mechanism and having the aim of analyzing the genomes of a minimum 4,000 subjects with highly selected and well-characterized epilepsy.
Published: 2012

72. Balance impairment in chronic antiepileptic drug users: A twin and sibling study

Author: Petty, S., Hill, Keith, Haber, N., Paton, L., Lawrence, K., Berkovic, S., Seibel, M., O'Brien, T., Wark, J., Petty, S., Hill, Keith, Haber, N., Paton, L., Lawrence, K., Berkovic, S., Seibel, M., O'Brien, T., and Wark, J.
Abstract: Purpose: Patients taking antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) have an increased incidence of fractures. This study investigated chronic AEDuse and physical contributors to falls risk using an AED-discordant, twin and sibling matched-pair approach, and assessed clinically relevant subgroups: AED polytherapy; longer-duration AED; and falls history. Methods: Twenty-nine same-sex (mean age 44.9 years, 59% female), ambulatory, community-dwelling twin and sibling pairs, discordant for AED exposure (and AED-indication), were recruited. Validated clinical and laboratory tests of strength, gait, and balance were performed. Relevant AED levels, and fasting serum samples for 25-hydroxy-vitamin D (25OHD), 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D [1,25(OH)2D], and immunoreactive parathyroid hormone (iPTH) levels were taken. Results: There were significant mean within-pair differences in tests of static and dynamic balance, with the AED user having poorer balance function than the AED nonuser. No difference was seen in lower limb strength or gait measures. Increased duration of AED therapy and AED polytherapy were independent predictors of increased sway. No significant within-pair differences were seen in fasting serum levels of 1,25(OH)2D, 25OHD and iPTH after Bonferroni correction. Discussion: Balance performance is impaired in AED users compared to their matched nonuser siblings. Pairs where the AED users took AED polytherapy, or had a longer duration of AED use, had more impaired balance performance. These balance deficits may contribute to the increased rate of fractures in this population. © 2009 International League Against Epilepsy.
Published: 2010

73. P.1.20 GOSR2: A novel form of Congenital Muscular Dystrophy

Author: Tsai, L., primary, Schwake, M., additional, Corbett, M.A., additional, Gecz, J., additional, Berkovic, S., additional, and Shieh, P.B., additional
Published: 2013
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74. Copy number variants are frequent in genetic generalized epilepsy with intellectual disability

Author: Mullen, S. A., primary, Carvill, G. L., additional, Bellows, S., additional, Bayly, M. A., additional, Berkovic, S. F., additional, Dibbens, L. M., additional, Scheffer, I. E., additional, and Mefford, H. C., additional
Published: 2013
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75. A genome-wide association study and biological pathway analysis of epilepsy prognosis in a prospective cohort of newly treated epilepsy

Author: Speed, D., primary, Hoggart, C., additional, Petrovski, S., additional, Tachmazidou, I., additional, Coffey, A., additional, Jorgensen, A., additional, Eleftherohorinou, H., additional, De Iorio, M., additional, Todaro, M., additional, De, T., additional, Smith, D., additional, Smith, P. E., additional, Jackson, M., additional, Cooper, P., additional, Kellett, M., additional, Howell, S., additional, Newton, M., additional, Yerra, R., additional, Tan, M., additional, French, C., additional, Reuber, M., additional, Sills, G. E., additional, Chadwick, D., additional, Pirmohamed, M., additional, Bentley, D., additional, Scheffer, I., additional, Berkovic, S., additional, Balding, D., additional, Palotie, A., additional, Marson, A., additional, O'Brien, T. J., additional, and Johnson, M. R., additional
Published: 2013
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76. Networks underlying paroxysmal fast activity and slow spike and wave in Lennox-Gastaut syndrome

Author: Pillay, N., primary, Archer, J. S., additional, Badawy, R. A. B., additional, Flanagan, D. F., additional, Berkovic, S. F., additional, and Jackson, G., additional
Published: 2013
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77. Etiology of hippocampal sclerosis: Evidence for a predisposing familial morphologic anomaly

Author: Tsai, M.-H., primary, Pardoe, H. R., additional, Perchyonok, Y., additional, Fitt, G. J., additional, Scheffer, I. E., additional, Jackson, G. D., additional, and Berkovic, S. F., additional
Published: 2013
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78. Autosomal dominant vasovagal syncope: Clinical features and linkage to chromosome 15q26

Author: Klein, K. M., primary, Bromhead, C. J., additional, Smith, K. R., additional, O'Callaghan, C. J., additional, Corcoran, S. J., additional, Heron, S. E., additional, Iona, X., additional, Hodgson, B. L., additional, McMahon, J. M., additional, Lawrence, K. M., additional, Scheffer, I. E., additional, Dibbens, L. M., additional, Bahlo, M., additional, and Berkovic, S. F., additional
Published: 2013
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79. Genetics of epilepsy syndromes in families with photosensitivity

Author: Taylor, I., primary, Berkovic, S. F., additional, and Scheffer, I. E., additional
Published: 2013
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80. NEDD4-2 as a potential candidate susceptibility gene for epileptic photosensitivity

Author: Dibbens, Leanne M, Ekberg, Jenny, Taylor, I, Hodgson, B L, Conroy, Sarah J, Lensink, I L, Kumar, Sharad, Zielinski, M A, Harkin, L A, Sutherland, G R, Adams, David J, Berkovic, S F, Scheffer, I E, Mulley, J C, Poronnik, Philip, Dibbens, Leanne M, Ekberg, Jenny, Taylor, I, Hodgson, B L, Conroy, Sarah J, Lensink, I L, Kumar, Sharad, Zielinski, M A, Harkin, L A, Sutherland, G R, Adams, David J, Berkovic, S F, Scheffer, I E, Mulley, J C, and Poronnik, Philip
Abstract: Photosensitive seizures occur most commonly in childhood and adolescence, usually as a manifestation of complex idiopathic generalized epilepsies (IGEs). Molecular mechanisms underlying this condition are yet to be determined because no susceptibility genes have been identified. The NEDD4-2 (Neuronally Expressed Developmentally Downregulated 4) gene encodes a ubiquitin protein ligase proposed to regulate cell surface levels of several ion channels, receptors and transporters involved in regulating neuronal excitability, including voltage-gated sodium channels (VGSCs), the most clinically relevant of the epilepsy genes. The regulation of NEDD4-2 in vivo involves complex interactions with accessory proteins in a cell type specific manner. We screened NEDD4-2 for mutations in a cohort of 253 families with IGEs. We identified three NEDD4-2 missense changes in highly conserved residues; S233L, E271A and H515P in families with photosensitive generalized epilepsy. The NEDD4-2 variants were as effective as wild-type NEDD4-2 in downregulating the VGSC subtype Na v1.2 when assessed in the Xenopus oocyte heterologous expression system showing that the direct interaction with the ion channel was not altered by these variants. These data raise the possibility that photosensitive epilepsy may arise from defective interaction of NEDD4-2 with as yet unidentified accessory or target proteins.
Published: 2007

81. Multicentre search for genetic susceptibility loci in sporadic epilepsy syndrome and seizure types: a case-control study.

Author: Cavalleri, Gianpiero L, Weale, Michael E, Shianna, Kevin V, Singh, Rinki, Lynch, John M, Grinton, Bronwyn, Szoeke, Cassandra, Murphy, Kevin, Kinirons, Peter, O'Rourke, Deirdre, Ge, Dongliang, Depondt, Chantal, Claeys, Kristl G, Pandolfo, Massimo, Gumbs, Curtis, Walley, Nicole, McNamara, James, Mulley, John C, Linney, Kristen N, Sheffield, Leslie J, Radtke, Rodney A, Tate, Sarah K, Chissoe, Stephanie L, Gibson, Rachel A, Hosford, David, Stanton, Alice, Graves, Tracey D, Hanna, Michael G, Eriksson, Kai, Kantanen, Anne-Mari, Kalviainen, Reetta, O'Brien, Terence J, Sanders, J., Duncan, John S, Scheffer, Ingrid E, Berkovic, S F, Wood, Nicholas W, Doherty, Colin P, Delanty, Norman, Sisodiya, Sanjay M, Goldstein, David B, Cavalleri, Gianpiero L, Weale, Michael E, Shianna, Kevin V, Singh, Rinki, Lynch, John M, Grinton, Bronwyn, Szoeke, Cassandra, Murphy, Kevin, Kinirons, Peter, O'Rourke, Deirdre, Ge, Dongliang, Depondt, Chantal, Claeys, Kristl G, Pandolfo, Massimo, Gumbs, Curtis, Walley, Nicole, McNamara, James, Mulley, John C, Linney, Kristen N, Sheffield, Leslie J, Radtke, Rodney A, Tate, Sarah K, Chissoe, Stephanie L, Gibson, Rachel A, Hosford, David, Stanton, Alice, Graves, Tracey D, Hanna, Michael G, Eriksson, Kai, Kantanen, Anne-Mari, Kalviainen, Reetta, O'Brien, Terence J, Sanders, J., Duncan, John S, Scheffer, Ingrid E, Berkovic, S F, Wood, Nicholas W, Doherty, Colin P, Delanty, Norman, Sisodiya, Sanjay M, and Goldstein, David B
Abstract: BACKGROUND: The Epilepsy Genetics (EPIGEN) Consortium was established to undertake genetic mapping analyses with augmented statistical power to detect variants that influence the development and treatment of common forms of epilepsy. METHODS: We examined common variations across 279 prime candidate genes in 2717 case and 1118 control samples collected at four independent research centres (in the UK, Ireland, Finland, and Australia). Single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) and combined set-association analyses were used to examine the contribution of genetic variation in the candidate genes to various forms of epilepsy. FINDINGS: We did not identify clear, indisputable common genetic risk factors that contribute to selected epilepsy subphenotypes across multiple populations. Nor did we identify risk factors for the general all-epilepsy phenotype. However, set-association analysis on the most significant p values, assessed under permutation, suggested the contribution of numerous SNPs to disease predisposition in an apparent population-specific manner. Variations in the genes KCNAB1, GABRR2, KCNMB4, SYN2, and ALDH5A1 were most notable. INTERPRETATION: The underlying genetic component to sporadic epilepsy is clearly complex. Results suggest that many SNPs contribute to disease predisposition in an apparently population-specific manner. However, subtle differences in phenotyping across cohorts, combined with a poor understanding of how the underlying genetic component to epilepsy aligns with current phenotypic classifications, might also account for apparent population-specific genetic risk factors. Variations across five genes warrant further study in independent cohorts to clarify the tentative association., Journal Article, Multicenter Study, Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't, SCOPUS: ar.j, info:eu-repo/semantics/published
Published: 2007

82. A multicenter study of BRD2 as a risk factor for juvenile myoclonic epilepsy.

Author: Cavalleri, Gianpiero L, Walley, Nicole, Soranzo, Nicole, Mulley, John C, Doherty, Colin P, Kapoor, Ashish, Depondt, Chantal, Lynch, John M, Scheffer, Ingrid E, Heils, Armin, Gehrmann, Anne, Kinirons, Peter, Gandhi, Sonia, Satishchandra, Parthasarathy, Wood, Nicholas W, Anand, Anuranjan, Sander, Thomas, Berkovic, S F, Delanty, Norman, Goldstein, David B, Sisodiya, Sanjay M, Cavalleri, Gianpiero L, Walley, Nicole, Soranzo, Nicole, Mulley, John C, Doherty, Colin P, Kapoor, Ashish, Depondt, Chantal, Lynch, John M, Scheffer, Ingrid E, Heils, Armin, Gehrmann, Anne, Kinirons, Peter, Gandhi, Sonia, Satishchandra, Parthasarathy, Wood, Nicholas W, Anand, Anuranjan, Sander, Thomas, Berkovic, S F, Delanty, Norman, Goldstein, David B, and Sisodiya, Sanjay M
Abstract: Although complex idiopathic generalized epilepsies (IGEs) are recognized to have a significant genetic component, as yet there are no known common susceptibility variants. It has recently been suggested that variation in the BRD2 gene confers increased risk of juvenile myoclonic epilepsy (JME), which accounts for around a quarter of all IGE. Here we examine the association between the candidate causal SNP (the promoter variant rs3918149) and JME in five independent cohorts comprising in total 531 JME cases and 1,390 healthy controls., Comparative Study, Journal Article, Multicenter Study, Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't, FLWIN, info:eu-repo/semantics/published
Published: 2007

83. Are myotonia and epilepsy linked by a chloride channel?

Author: Berkovic, S. F., primary and Kapur, J., additional
Published: 2013
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84. Multiple molecular mechanisms for a single GABAA mutation in epilepsy

Author: Reid, C. A., primary, Kim, T., additional, Phillips, A. M., additional, Low, J., additional, Berkovic, S. F., additional, Luscher, B., additional, and Petrou, S., additional
Published: 2013
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85. Cathepsin F mutations cause Type B Kufs disease, an adult-onset neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis

Author: Smith, K. R., primary, Dahl, H.-H. M., additional, Canafoglia, L., additional, Andermann, E., additional, Damiano, J., additional, Morbin, M., additional, Bruni, A. C., additional, Giaccone, G., additional, Cossette, P., additional, Saftig, P., additional, Grotzinger, J., additional, Schwake, M., additional, Andermann, F., additional, Staropoli, J. F., additional, Sims, K. B., additional, Mole, S. E., additional, Franceschetti, S., additional, Alexander, N. A., additional, Cooper, J. D., additional, Chapman, H. A., additional, Carpenter, S., additional, Berkovic, S. F., additional, and Bahlo, M., additional
Published: 2013
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86. A new clinical and molecular form of Unverricht-Lundborg disease localized by homozygosity mapping.

Author: Berkovic, S F, Mazarib, A, Walid, Simri, Neufeld, M Y, Manelis, Judith, Nevo, Yoram, Korczyn, A D, Yin, Jinggang, Xiong, L, Pandolfo, Massimo, Mulley, John C, Wallace, Robyn H, Berkovic, S F, Mazarib, A, Walid, Simri, Neufeld, M Y, Manelis, Judith, Nevo, Yoram, Korczyn, A D, Yin, Jinggang, Xiong, L, Pandolfo, Massimo, Mulley, John C, and Wallace, Robyn H
Abstract: Progressive myoclonus epilepsy (PME) has a number of causes, of which Unverricht-Lundborg disease (ULD) is the most common. ULD has previously been mapped to a locus on chromosome 21 (EPM1). Subsequently, mutations in the cystatin B gene have been found in most cases. In the present work we identified an inbred Arab family with a clinical pattern compatible with ULD, but mutations in the cystatin B gene were absent. We sought to characterize the clinical and molecular features of the disorder. The family was studied by multiple field trips to their town to clarify details of the complex consanguineous relationships and to personally examine the family. DNA was collected for subsequent molecular analyses from 21 individuals. A genome-wide screen was performed using 811 microsatellite markers. Homozygosity mapping was used to identify loci of interest. There were eight affected individuals. Clinical onset was at 7.3 +/- 1.5 years with myoclonic or tonic-clonic seizures. All had myoclonus that progressed in severity over time and seven had tonic-clonic seizures. Ataxia, in addition to myoclonus, occurred in all. Detailed cognitive assessment was not possible, but there was no significant progressive dementia. There was intrafamily variation in severity; three required wheelchairs in adult life; the others could walk unaided. MRI, muscle and skin biopsies on one individual were unremarkable. We mapped the family to a 15-megabase region at the pericentromeric region of chromosome 12 with a maximum lod score of 6.32. Although the phenotype of individual subjects was typical of ULD, the mean age of onset (7.3 years versus 11 years for ULD) was younger. The locus on chromosome 12 does not contain genes for any other form of PME, nor does it have genes known to be related to cystatin B. This represents a new form of PME and we have designated the locus as EPM1B., Journal Article, Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't, info:eu-repo/semantics/published
Published: 2005

87. PRRT2 phenotypic spectrum includes sporadic and fever-related infantile seizures

Author: Scheffer, I. E., primary, Grinton, B. E., additional, Heron, S. E., additional, Kivity, S., additional, Afawi, Z., additional, Iona, X., additional, Goldberg-Stern, H., additional, Kinali, M., additional, Andrews, I., additional, Guerrini, R., additional, Marini, C., additional, Sadleir, L. G., additional, Berkovic, S. F., additional, and Dibbens, L. M., additional
Published: 2012
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88. In vivo loss of slow potassium channel activity in individuals with benign familial neonatal epilepsy in remission

Author: Tomlinson, S. E., primary, Bostock, H., additional, Grinton, B., additional, G. Hanna, M., additional, Kullmann, D. M., additional, Kiernan, M. C., additional, Scheffer, I. E., additional, Berkovic, S. F., additional, and Burke, D., additional
Published: 2012
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89. Peritrigonal and temporo-occipital heterotopia with corpus callosum and cerebellar dysgenesis

Author: Pisano, T., primary, Barkovich, A. J., additional, Leventer, R. J., additional, Squier, W., additional, Scheffer, I. E., additional, Parrini, E., additional, Blaser, S., additional, Marini, C., additional, Robertson, S., additional, Tortorella, G., additional, Rosenow, F., additional, Thomas, P., additional, McGillivray, G., additional, Andermann, E., additional, Andermann, F., additional, Berkovic, S. F., additional, Dobyns, W. B., additional, and Guerrini, R., additional
Published: 2012
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90. Evidence for genetic factors in vasovagal syncope: A twin-family study

Author: Klein, K. M., primary, Xu, S. S., additional, Lawrence, K., additional, Fischer, A., additional, and Berkovic, S. F., additional
Published: 2012
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91. The frontal lobe in absence epilepsy: EEG-fMRI findings

Author: Carney, P. W., primary, Masterton, R. A. J., additional, Flanagan, D., additional, Berkovic, S. F., additional, and Jackson, G. D., additional
Published: 2012
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92. Familial partial epilepsy with variable foci: clinical features and linkage to chromosome 22q12.

Author: Berkovic, S F, Serratosa, Jose M, Phillips, Hilary A, Xiong, L, Andermann, Eva, Díaz-Otero, Fernando, Gómez-Garre, Pilar, Martín, Mercedes, Fernández-Bullido, Yolanda, Andermann, Frederick, Lopes-Cendes, Iscia, Dubeau, Francois, Desbiens, Richard, Scheffer, Ingrid E, Wallace, Robyn H, Mulley, John C, Pandolfo, Massimo, Berkovic, S F, Serratosa, Jose M, Phillips, Hilary A, Xiong, L, Andermann, Eva, Díaz-Otero, Fernando, Gómez-Garre, Pilar, Martín, Mercedes, Fernández-Bullido, Yolanda, Andermann, Frederick, Lopes-Cendes, Iscia, Dubeau, Francois, Desbiens, Richard, Scheffer, Ingrid E, Wallace, Robyn H, Mulley, John C, and Pandolfo, Massimo
Abstract: BACKGROUND: Familial partial epilepsy with variable foci (FPEVF) is an autosomal dominant syndrome characterized by partial seizures originating from different brain regions in different family members in the absence of detectable structural abnormalities. A gene for FPEVF was mapped to chromosome 22q12 in two distantly related French-Canadian families. METHODS: We describe the clinical features and performed a linkage analysis in a Spanish kindred and in a third French-Canadian family distantly related to the original pedigrees. RESULTS: Onset of seizures was typically in middle childhood, and attacks were usually easy to control. Seizure semiology varied among family members but was constant for each individual. In some, a pattern of nocturnal frontal lobe seizures led to consideration of the diagnosis of autosomal dominant nocturnal frontal lobe epilepsy (ADNFLE). The Spanish family was mapped to chromosome 22q (multipoint lod score, 3.4), and the new French-Canadian family had a multipoint lod score of 2.97 and shared the haplotype of the original French-Canadian families. CONCLUSIONS: Identification of the various forms of familial partial epilepsy is challenging, particularly in small families, in which insufficient individuals exist to identify a specific pattern. We provide clinical guidelines for this task, which will eventually be supplanted by specific molecular diagnosis. We confirmed linkage of FPEVF to chromosome 22q12 and redefined the region to a 5.2-Mb segment of DNA., Comparative Study, Journal Article, FLWIN, info:eu-repo/semantics/published
Published: 2004

93. De novo SCN1A mutations in migrating partial seizures of infancy

Author: Carranza Rojo, D., primary, Hamiwka, L., additional, McMahon, J. M., additional, Dibbens, L. M., additional, Arsov, T., additional, Suls, A., additional, Stodberg, T., additional, Kelley, K., additional, Wirrell, E., additional, Appleton, B., additional, Mackay, M., additional, Freeman, J. L., additional, Yendle, S. C., additional, Berkovic, S. F., additional, Bienvenu, T., additional, De Jonghe, P., additional, Thorburn, D. R., additional, Mulley, J. C., additional, Mefford, H. C., additional, and Scheffer, I. E., additional
Published: 2011
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94. Tubular proteinuria in mice and humans lacking the intrinsic lysosomal protein SCARB2/Limp-2

Author: Desmond, M. J., primary, Lee, D., additional, Fraser, S. A., additional, Katerelos, M., additional, Gleich, K., additional, Martinello, P., additional, Li, Y. Q., additional, Thomas, M. C., additional, Michelucci, R., additional, Cole, A. J., additional, Saftig, P., additional, Schwake, M., additional, Stapleton, D., additional, Berkovic, S. F., additional, and Power, D. A., additional
Published: 2011
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95. P2.2 Epilepsy: an ever changing state of cortical hyper-excitability

Author: Badawy, R., primary, Macdonell, R., additional, Berkovic, S., additional, and Jackson, G., additional
Published: 2011
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96. Molecular analysis of ring chromosome 20 syndrome reveals two distinct groups of patients

Author: Conlin, L. K., primary, Kramer, W., additional, Hutchinson, A. L., additional, Li, X., additional, Riethman, H., additional, Hakonarson, H., additional, Mulley, J. C., additional, Scheffer, I. E., additional, Berkovic, S. F., additional, Hosain, S. A., additional, and Spinner, N. B., additional
Published: 2010
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97. Familial mesial temporal lobe epilepsy: a benign epilepsy syndrome showing complex inheritance

Author: Crompton, D. E., primary, Scheffer, I. E., additional, Taylor, I., additional, Cook, M. J., additional, McKelvie, P. A., additional, Vears, D. F., additional, Lawrence, K. M., additional, McMahon, J. M., additional, Grinton, B. E., additional, McIntosh, A. M., additional, and Berkovic, S. F., additional
Published: 2010
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98. The core network in absence epilepsy: Differences in cortical and thalamic BOLD response

Author: Carney, P. W., primary, Masterton, R. A. J., additional, Harvey, A. S., additional, Scheffer, I. E., additional, Berkovic, S. F., additional, and Jackson, G. D., additional
Published: 2010
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99. Revidierte Terminologie und Konzepte zur Einteilung von epileptischen Anfällen und Epilepsien: Bericht der Klassifikations- und Terminologiekommission der Internationalen Liga gegen Epilepsie, 2005–2009

Author: Berg, A., primary, Berkovic, S., additional, Brodie, M., additional, Buchhalter, J., additional, Cross, J., additional, van Emde Boas, W., additional, Engel Jr, J., additional, French, J., additional, Glauser, T., additional, Mathern, G., additional, Moshé, S., additional, Nordli, D., additional, Plouin, P., additional, and Scheffer, I., additional
Published: 2010
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100. Copy number variants--an unexpected risk factor for the idiopathic generalized epilepsies

Author: Scheffer, I. E., primary and Berkovic, S. F., additional
Published: 2010
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