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51. New polymorphic microsatellite loci for rodents of the genusMastomysusing PCR multiplexing, and cross-species amplification inMyomysandPraomys

Author: Josef Bryja, Jean-François Cosson, Maxime Galan, Carine Brouat, Anne Loiseau, and Adam Konečný
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Genetics, 0303 health sciences, Myomys daltoni, education.field_of_study, Ecology, biology, Population, biology.organism_classification, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Biochemistry, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, 03 medical and health sciences, Genus Mastomys, Praomys, Evolutionary biology, Mastomys, Microsatellite, Mastomys huberti, Mastomys erythroleucus, education, 030304 developmental biology
Abstract: The Praomys complex contains some of the most important agricultural pests of Africa, including Mastomys species. We describe the development of nine supplementary microsatellite markers isolated from Mastomys huberti. We show the potential utility of M. huberti microsatellites as population markers for two other species of Mastomys, and two other species of the Praomys complex, Myomys daltoni and Praomys cf. rostratus.
Published: 2007
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52. Insight into the durability of plant resistance to aphids from a demo-genetic study of Aphis gossypii in melon crops

Author: Anne Loiseau, Flavie Vanlerberghe-Masutti, Nathalie Boissot, Pascale Mistral, Sophie Thomas, Centre de Biologie pour la Gestion des Populations (UMR CBGP), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Génétique et Amélioration des Fruits et Légumes (GAFL), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), This work was successively supported through funding from the French Ministry of Agriculture (contract C06/02), and the VirAphid project (Project ANR-2010-STRA-001-01) of the Agence Nationale de la Recherche (ANR). Sophie Thomas received a PhD fellowship from INRA and the Region Provence-Alpes-Cote d'Azur, France, Boissot, Nathalie, and Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, 0301 basic medicine, [SDV.SA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences, Melon, antilles françaises, Biology, cucumis melo, 01 natural sciences, 03 medical and health sciences, Aphis gossypii, Botany, parasitic diseases, Genetics, Cultivar, landscape effect, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, sud de la france, agriculture, Aphid, Resistance (ecology), business.industry, résistance aux bioagresseurs, nutritional and metabolic diseases, food and beverages, contemporary evolution, Vat gene, Original Articles, 15. Life on land, biology.organism_classification, aphis gossypii, gène de résistance, gène vat, Agricultural sciences, 030104 developmental biology, Agronomy, Agriculture, Genetic structure, Biological dispersal, Original Article, différenciation géographique, General Agricultural and Biological Sciences, business, human activities, tissues, Sciences agricoles, 010606 plant biology & botany
Abstract: International audience; Resistance breakdown has been observed following the deployment of plant cultivars resistant to pests. Assessing the durability of a resistance requires long-term experiments at least at a regional scale. We collected such data for melon resistance conferred by the Vat gene cluster to melon aphids. We examined landscape- level populations of Aphis gossypii collected in 2004–2015, from melonproducing regions with and without the deployment of Vat resistance and with different climates. We conducted demo-genetic analyses of the aphid populations on Vat and non-Vat plants during the cropping seasons. The Vat resistance decreased the density of aphid populations in all areas and changed the genetic structure and composition of these populations. Two bottlenecks were identified in the dynamics of adapted clones, due to the low levels of production of dispersal morphs and winter extinction. Our results suggest that (i) Vat resistance will not be durable in the Lesser Antilles, where no bottleneck affected the dynamics of adapted clones, (ii) Vat resistance will be durable in south-west France, where both bottlenecks affected the dynamics of adapted clones and (iii) Vat resistance will be less durable in south-east France, where only one of the two bottlenecks was observed.
Published: 2015
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53. Utilisation de la métagénomique 16S pour la surveillance de l’émergence de zoonoses bactériennes dans les populations animales

Author: Maxime Galan, Maria Razzauti Sanfeliu, Khalilou Bâ, Emilie Bard, Maria Bernard, Carine Brouat, Nathalie Charbonnel, Jonathan D'Ambrosio, Ambroise Dalecky, Alexandre Dehne Garcia, Christophe Amidi Diagne, Anne Loiseau, Lucie Tamisier, Caroline Tatard, Hélène Vignes, Muriel Taussat, Jean-Francois Cosson, ProdInra, Migration, Centre de Biologie pour la Gestion des Populations (UMR CBGP), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Chercheur indépendant, Unité de Recherche d'Épidémiologie Animale (UR EpiA), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Génétique Animale et Biologie Intégrative (GABI), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AgroParisTech, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Amélioration génétique et adaptation des plantes méditerranéennes et tropicales (UMR AGAP), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Biologie moléculaire et immunologie parasitaires et fongiques (BIPAR), École nationale vétérinaire - Alfort (ENVA)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Laboratoire de santé animale, sites de Maisons-Alfort et de Dozulé, Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail (ANSES)-Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail (ANSES)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Laboratoire de santé animale, sites de Maisons-Alfort et de Dozulé, Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail (ANSES)-Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail (ANSES)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-École nationale vétérinaire d'Alfort (ENVA)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12), AgroParisTech-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), and Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)
Subjects: [SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio], [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract: International audience
Published: 2015

54. Urban market gardening and rodent-borne pathogenic Leptospira in arid zones: a case study in Niamey, Niger

Author: Jean-Pierre Rossi, Anne Loiseau, Gauthier Dobigny, Madougou Garba, Mathieu Picardeau, Eric Bertherat, Maxime Galan, Ibrahima Kadaoure, Caroline Tatard, Dobigny, Gauthier, Centre de Biologie pour la Gestion des Populations (UMR CBGP), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Direction Générale de la Protection des Végétaux, Ministère de l'Agriculture du Niger, USAid/Fews-Net, Centre Régional Agrhymet, Centre Collaborateur FAO/OMS pour l'épidémiologie de la leptospirose, Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP), Centre National de Référence de la Leptospirose - National Reference Center Leptospirosis (CNR), Biologie des Spirochètes / Biology of Spirochetes, Organisation Mondiale de la Santé / World Health Organization Office (OMS / WHO), Lab and field work were funded by the 'Institut de Recherche pour le Developpement' (France). Funding support was partly provided to MG by a ‘BEST’ bursary from the 'Service de Renforcement des Capacites' (Institut de Recherche pour le Developpement), France, Centre National de Référence de la Leptospirose-Centre Collaborateur FAO/OMS pour l'épidémiologie de la leptospirose-Biologie des Spirochètes, Institut Pasteur [Paris], and Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)
Subjects: Disease reservoir, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], risk-factors, infection, environment, epidemiology, africa, humans, impact, region, brazil, Infectious Diseases, Parasitology, Tropical Medicine, Minisatellite Repeats, 0302 clinical medicine, RNA, Ribosomal, 16S, Zoonoses, 11. Sustainability, Niger, Leptospira, 2. Zero hunger, 0303 health sciences, biology, Ecology, lcsh:Public aspects of medicine, Gardening, Leptospirosis, 3. Good health, Leptospira interrogans, Research Article, lcsh:Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine, lcsh:RC955-962, 030231 tropical medicine, Rodentia, Context (language use), 03 medical and health sciences, Urbanization, medicine, Animals, Urban agriculture, Disease Reservoirs, 030306 microbiology, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, lcsh:RA1-1270, medicine.disease, biology.organism_classification, Arid
Abstract: Leptospirosis essentially affects human following contact with rodent urine-contaminated water. As such, it was mainly found associated with rice culture, recreational activities and flooding. This is also the reason why it has mainly been investigated in temperate as well as warm and humid regions, while arid zones have been only very occasionally monitored for this disease. In particular, data for West African countries are extremely scarce. Here, we took advantage of an extensive survey of urban rodents in Niamey, Niger, in order to look for rodent-borne pathogenic Leptospira species presence and distribution across the city. To do so, we used high throughput bacterial 16S-based metabarcoding, lipL32 gene-targeting RT-PCR, rrs gene sequencing and VNTR typing as well as GIS-based multivariate spatial analysis. Our results show that leptospires seem absent from the core city where usual Leptospira reservoir rodent species (namely R. rattus and M. natalensis) are yet abundant. On the contrary, L. kirschneri was detected in Arvicanthis niloticus and Cricetomys gambianus, two rodent species that are restricted to irrigated cultures within the city. Moreover, the VNTR profiles showed that rodent-borne leptospires in Niamey belong to previously undescribed serovars. Altogether, our study points towards the importance of market gardening in maintain and circulation of leptospirosis within Sahelian cities. In Africa, irrigated urban agriculture constitutes a pivotal source of food supply, especially in the context of the ongoing extensive urbanization of the continent. With this in mind, we speculate that leptospirosis may represent a zoonotic disease of concern also in arid regions that would deserve to be more rigorously surveyed, especially in urban agricultural settings., Author Summary We surveyed rodent-borne Leptospira in rodents from Niamey, the capital town of Niger, using bacterial metabarcoding, RT-PCR, sequencing, VNTR typing and GIS-based geostatistics. Two new serovars of Leptospira kirschneri were identified in Arvicanthis niloticus and Cricetomys gambianus, two species that inhabit exclusively urban irrigated gardens. Since no rodent-borne leptospires could be found in the core city, our results point towards the importance of urban agriculture in the maintaining and the circulation of these bacteria in cities from semi-arid regions where they are usually poorly documented and even hardly looked for. Accordingly, this is one of the very rare mentions of these zoonotic agents in Sahel, and the first one in Niger. Keeping in mind the critical role of urban gardening for food security in extensively growing West African cities, we believe that leptospirosis should be more closely scrutinized in Sahelian countries where numerous cases of human fevers are of unknown origin.
Published: 2015
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55. Thermal effects in Raman spectra of hexagonal boron nitride and nanotube-containing boron nitride soot

Author: Mathieu G. Silly, Natalia R. Arutyunyan, P. Jaffrennou, Brigitte Attal-Trétout, Andrey Chuvilin, Anne Loiseau, and Elena D. Obraztsova
Subjects: Cryostat, Nanotube, Materials science, Analytical chemistry, Atmospheric temperature range, Condensed Matter Physics, medicine.disease_cause, Soot, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials, symbols.namesake, chemistry.chemical_compound, chemistry, Boron nitride, Thermal, symbols, medicine, Raman spectroscopy, Power density
Abstract: The temperature-induced changes in Raman spectra of two BN-based materials: a hexagonal boron nitride and soot with single-wall BN nanotubes, have been measured in temperature range 77-600 K in course of heating in the oven/cryostat cell. A nonlinear temperature dependence of the tangential Raman mode position (being at 1366 cm -1 at room temperature) has been observed for both materials. In the temperature range 350-600 K a linear approximation of the tangential Raman mode shifting was applicable. The measured rates were -0.014 cm -1 /K (for h-BN) and -0.027 cm -1 /K (for the nanotube-containing sample). The effects of the oven and laser heating have been compared. Under the laser heating with the same power density the nanotube-containing soot demonstrated much bigger shifts (up to 30 cm -1 ) than h-BN. The data obtained are useful for in-situ diagnostics of different BN-based phases in course of synthesis.
Published: 2006
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56. Synthesis of single-walled carbon nanotubes with the laser vaporization method:Ex situ andin situ measurements

Author: Nelly Dorval, Elena D. Obraztsova, Michael Tsurikov, Véronique Krüger, Natascha Arutyunyan, Jean Lou Cochon, Daniel Pigache, Brigitte Attal-Trétout, Anne Loiseau, and Michèle Cau
Subjects: inorganic chemicals, In situ, Materials science, Target surface, Analytical chemistry, Nanotechnology, Carbon nanotube, Condensed Matter Physics, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials, Laser vaporization, Catalysis, law.invention, law, Continuous wave
Abstract: In situ measurements were executed in the continuous wave CO 2 -laser vaporization synthesis of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs). The results were compared with the findings of the ex situ analysis of the product. Different catalysts (Co, Ni, Co/Ni, Ni/Y and Co/Y) were used and the temperature of the target surface (T s ) changed to compare the efficiency of the synthesis process. Our main results are related to the SWCNTs diameter which is depending on T, and on the catalysts nature. The targets containing Y with Co or Ni atoms produce more and larger SWCNTs than Co/Ni targets. The SWCNTs' diameter is seen to increase with T s .
Published: 2006
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57. Characterization and PCR multiplexing of polymorphic microsatellite loci for the invasive ant Wasmannia auropunctata

Author: Denis Fournier, Arnaud Estoup, Jean Chazeau, Anne Loiseau, Hervé Jourdan, Alain Dejean, Laurent Keller, Julien Le Breton, Julien Foucaud, Jérôme Orivel, Sandrine Cros-Arteil, Centre de Biologie pour la Gestion des Populations (UMR CBGP), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [Réunion]), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, University of the Ryukyus [Okinawa], Department of Ecology & Evolution, and Université de Lausanne (UNIL)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, ANTS, MICROSATELLITES, Locus (genetics), Wasmannia, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Biochemistry, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, law.invention, Loss of heterozygosity, 03 medical and health sciences, law, BLEPHARIDATTINI, ESPECE ENVAHISSANTE, Allele, Genotyping, Polymerase chain reaction, 030304 developmental biology, [SDV.EE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment, Genetics, 0303 health sciences, BIOLOGIE DES POPULATIONS, Ecology, biology, PEST, biology.organism_classification, MYRMICINAE, Genetic marker, Microsatellite, GENETIQUE DES POPULATIONS
Abstract: Correspondance: arnaud.estoup@supagro.inra.fr; International audience; Highly polymorphic genetic markers provide a useful tool for estimating genetic parametersin studies of the evolution of sociality in insects. We isolated and characterized 12 polymorphicmicrosatellite loci in the invasive ant, Wasmannia auropunctata, and described experimental conditions for PCR (polymerase chain reaction) multiplexing and simultaneously genotyping these loci in two sets of five and seven markers. The number of alleles per locus ranged from two to 14 and the observed heterozygosity ranged from 0.233 to 0.967. Moreover, results of cross-species amplification tests are reported in three other species of Wasmannia and in two species of the genus Allomerus
Published: 2005
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58. Five hundred and fifty microsatellite markers for the study of the honeybee (Apis mellifera L.) genome

Author: Lionel Garnery, Arnaud Estoup, Emmanuelle Baudry, Dominique Vautrin, Jean-Marie Cornuet, Michel Solignac, Anne Loiseau, Florence Mougel, and Michael Haberl
Subjects: Genetics, Ecology, Chromosome, Population genetics, Genomics, Biology, Biochemistry, Genome, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, genomic DNA, Genetic linkage, Genetic marker, Evolutionary biology, Microsatellite
Abstract: SummaryMicrosatellites are currently considered the most useful genetic markers with wide appli-cations in genomics, quantitative and population genetics. We present here the structure ofthe core sequence of 552 microsatellites, together with the sequences of the primers and thelength of the sequenced allele. These microsatellites were isolated from several librariesconstructed from either fractions of total genomic DNA or from clones of a bacterial artifi-cial chromosome (BAC) library. All 552 loci are polymorphic in the honeybee. Many ofthem were also successfully amplified in three other species of Apis : A. cerana (58%), A.dorsata (59%) and A. florea (38%). A summary of the variability of 36 loci in the three mainevolutionary lineages of A. mellifera is given. Keywords : Apis mellifera , cross-priming, linkage map, population genetics Received 9 January 2003; revision accepted 27 February 2003 Because microsatellite markers have been developedmainly for population genetics studies, the number of lociisolated in most species is usually small. Large numbers ofloci are available only in a few vertebrate species, such ashuman, mouse, rat and an increasing number of farmanimals and fishes, as well as model and cultivated plants(Gentles & Karlin 2001; Katti
Published: 2003
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59. Invasion genetics of a human commensal rodent: the black rat Rattus rattus in Madagascar

Author: Minoarisoa Rajerison, Steven M. Goodman, Carine Brouat, Charlotte Tollenaere, Arnaud Estoup, R. Soanandrasana, Anne Loiseau, Simone Sommer, Sylvain Piry, Lila Rahalison, Jean-Marc Duplantier, Centre de Biologie pour la Gestion des Populations (UMR CBGP), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Leibniz Institute for Zoo and Wildlife Research (IZW), Leibniz Association, Unité Peste - Plague Unit [Antananarivo, Madagascar], Institut Pasteur de Madagascar, Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP), Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP), and Association Vahatra [Antananarivo, Madagascar]
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Molecular Sequence Data, Population genetics, Introduced species, phylogeography, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, DNA, Mitochondrial, Invasive species, microsatellites, invasive species, Evolution, Molecular, 03 medical and health sciences, approximate Bayesian computation, island colonization, island, Genetics, Madagascar, Animals, Colonization, D-loop, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, 030304 developmental biology, Islands, 0303 health sciences, biology, Ecology, rodent, Bayes Theorem, Sequence Analysis, DNA, colonization, biology.organism_classification, Rats, Phylogeography, Genetics, Population, Black rat, Genetic structure, Approximate Bayesian computation, Microsatellite Repeats
Abstract: International audience; Studies focusing on geographical genetic patterns of commensal species and on human history complement each other and provide proxies to trace common colonization events. On Madagascar, the unintentional introduction and spread of the commensal species Rattus rattus by people may have left a living clue of human colonization patterns and history. In this study, we addressed this question by characterizing the genetic structure of natural populations of R.rattus using both microsatellites and mitochondrial sequences, on an extensive sampling across the island. Such data sets were analysed by a combination of methods using population genetics, phylogeography and approximate Bayesian computation. Our results indicated two introduction events to Madagascar from the same ancestral source of R.rattus, one in the extreme north of the island and the other further south. The latter was the source of a large spatial expansion, which may have initially started from an original point located on the southern coast. The inferred timing of introduction events -several centuries ago- is temporally congruent with the Arabian trade network in the Indian Ocean, which was flourishing from the middle of the first millennium.
Published: 2014
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60. Genetic diversity of the honeybee in Africa: microsatellite and mitochondrial data

Author: Benjamin P. Oldroyd, Anne Loiseau, Pierre Franck, Michel Solignac, H. R. Hepburn, Jean-Marie Cornuet, and Lionel Garnery
Subjects: Genetics, Genetic diversity, Mitochondrial DNA, Base Sequence, Lineage (evolution), Molecular Sequence Data, Genetic Variation, Population genetics, Bees, Biology, Subspecies, DNA, Mitochondrial, Phylogeography, Evolutionary biology, Africa, Animals, Microsatellite, Genetic variability, Phylogeny, Genetics (clinical), Microsatellite Repeats
Abstract: A total of 738 colonies from 64 localities along the African continent have been analysed using the DraI RFLP of the COI-COII mitochondrial region. Mitochondrial DNA of African honeybees appears to be composed of three highly divergent lineages. The African lineage previously reported (named A) is present in almost all the localities except those from north-eastern Africa. In this area, two newly described lineages (called O and Y), putatively originating from the Near East, are observed in high proportion. This suggests an important differentiation of Ethiopian and Egyptian honeybees from those of other African areas. The A lineage is also present in high proportion in populations from the Iberian Peninsula and Sicily. Furthermore, eight populations from Morocco, Guinea, Malawi and South Africa have been assayed with six microsatellite loci and compared to a set of eight additional populations from Europe and the Middle East. The African populations display higher genetic variability than European populations at all microsatellite loci studied thus far. This suggests that African populations have larger effective sizes than European ones. According to their microsatellite allele frequencies, the eight African populations cluster together, but are divided in two subgroups. These are the populations from Morocco and those from the other African countries. The populations from southern Europe show very low levels of 'Africanization' at nuclear microsatellite loci. Because nuclear and mitochondrial DNA often display discordant patterns of differentiation in the honeybee, the use of both kinds of markers is preferable when assessing the phylogeography of Apis mellifera and to determine the taxonomic status of the subspecies.
Published: 2001
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61. Scanning tunneling microscopy of chromium-filled carbon nanotubes: Tip effects and related topographic features

Author: F. X. Zha, David L. Carroll, Bingqing Wei, Richard Czerw, S. Roth, Anne Loiseau, and Ph. Kohler-Redlich
Subjects: Chromium, Materials science, chemistry, law, Scanning confocal electron microscopy, chemistry.chemical_element, Scanning gate microscopy, Nanotechnology, Conductive atomic force microscopy, Carbon nanotube, Scanning tunneling microscope, Composite material, law.invention
Published: 2000
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62. Identification of 21 polymorphic microsatellites in the African parasitoid wasp,Psyttalia lounsburyi(Silvestri) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae)

Author: Arnaud Estoup, Nicolas Ris, Corinne Hurard, Xavier Fauvergue, M. C. Bon, C. Pickett, Anne Loiseau, and Walker A. Jones
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, 0303 health sciences, biology, fungi, Olive fruit fly, Biological pest control, Introgression, Zoology, Locus (genetics), Hymenoptera, biology.organism_classification, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Parasitoid wasp, 03 medical and health sciences, Botany, Genetics, Microsatellite, Braconidae, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, 030304 developmental biology, Biotechnology
Abstract: We have developed 21 dinucleotide repeat microsatellite loci from African populations of Psyttalia lounsburyi (Silvestri) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae), a parasitoid wasp of the olive fruit fly, as part of a study assessing the role of introgression/hybridization in the success of a biological control introduction. We proposed suitable conditions for polymerase chain reaction multiplexing. All 21 loci were polymorphic with two to 21 alleles per locus within the Kenyan and South African populations tested. Most of them were successfully amplified in two other Psyttalia species.
Published: 2008
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63. Estimation of population allele frequencies from next-generation sequencing data: pool-versus individual-based genotyping

Author: Karim Gharbi, Mathieu Gautier, Maxime Galan, Carole Kerdelhué, Julien Foucaud, Marian Thomson, Timothee Cezard, Pierre Pudlo, Anne Loiseau, Arnaud Estoup, Centre de biologie et de gestion des populations, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Institut de Mathématiques et de Modélisation de Montpellier (I3M), Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre de Biologie pour la Gestion des Populations (UMR CBGP), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2)-Université de Montpellier (UM), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, French Agence Nationale de la Recherche [ANR-09-BLAN-0145-01 - EMILE, ANR-10-JCJC-1705-01 - GENOPHENO], UK Natural Environment Research Council [R8/H10/56], and Medical Research Council [G0900740]
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Genotype, Genotyping Techniques, molecular markers, pooled samples, Population, Population genetics, coverage, Single-nucleotide polymorphism, Computational biology, Biology, Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Deep sequencing, DNA sequencing, 03 medical and health sciences, Gene Frequency, Genetic variation, Genetics, Humans, education, [STAT.CO]Statistics [stat]/Computation [stat.CO], Genotyping, Allele frequency, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, 030304 developmental biology, 0303 health sciences, education.field_of_study, [STAT.AP]Statistics [stat]/Applications [stat.AP], [SDV.GEN.GPO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Genetics/Populations and Evolution [q-bio.PE], estimation of allele frequencies, High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing, population genetics, Bayes Theorem, Models, Theoretical, Genetics, Population, next-generation sequencing
Abstract: International audience; Molecular markers produced by next-generation sequencing (NGS) technologies are revolutionizing genetic research. However, the costs of analysing large numbers of individual genomes remain prohibitive for most population genetics studies. Here, we present results based on mathematical derivations showing that, under many realistic experimental designs, NGS of DNA pools from diploid individuals allows to estimate the allele frequencies at single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) with at least the same accuracy as individual-based analyses, for considerably lower library construction and sequencing efforts. These findings remain true when taking into account the possibility of substantially unequal contributions of each individual to the final pool of sequence reads. We propose the intuitive notion of effective pool size to account for unequal pooling and derive a Bayesian hierarchical model to estimate this parameter directly from the data. We provide a user-friendly application assessing the accuracy of allele frequency estimation from both pool- and individual-based NGS population data under various sampling, sequencing depth and experimental error designs. We illustrate our findings with theoretical examples and real data sets corresponding to SNP loci obtained using restriction site-associated DNA (RAD) sequencing in pool- and individual-based experiments carried out on the same population of the pine processionary moth (Thaumetopoea pityocampa). NGS of DNA pools might not be optimal for all types of studies but provides a cost-effective approach for estimating allele frequencies for very large numbers of SNPs. It thus allows comparison of genome-wide patterns of genetic variation for large numbers of individuals in multiple populations.
Published: 2013
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64. Plague Circulation and Population Genetics of the Reservoir Rattus rattus: The Influence of Topographic Relief on the Distribution of the Disease within the Madagascan Focus

Author: Minoarisoa Rajerison, Anne Loiseau, Lila Rahalison, Soanandrasana Rahelinirina, Jean-Marc Duplantier, Pascal Handschumacher, Dominique Laffly, Carine Brouat, Centre de Biologie pour la Gestion des Populations (UMR CBGP), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Unité Peste [Antananarivo, Madagascar], Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-Institut Pasteur de Madagascar, Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP), Centre de biologie et de gestion des populations, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Laboratoire Central de la Peste (CNR), Institut Pasteur de Madagascar, Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP), Géographie de l'environnement (GEODE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J), Epidémiologie et prévention, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Unité Peste - Plague Unit [Antananarivo, Madagascar], Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), IRD (Institut de Recherche pour le Developpement), IPM (Institut Pasteur de Madagascar), program RAMSE (Recherche appliquee a Madagascar sur la sante et l'environnement), ANR-SEST (Agence Nationale pour la Recherche, Sante-Environnement et Sante - Travail) [06 SEST 10], Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J), and Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, lcsh:Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine, lcsh:RC955-962, Yersinia pestis, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Population, Population genetics, Plague (disease), 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Rodent Diseases, 03 medical and health sciences, Seroepidemiologic Studies, Genetics, Madagascar, Seroprevalence, Animals, education, Biology, 030304 developmental biology, 2. Zero hunger, Population Density, 0303 health sciences, education.field_of_study, Plague, biology, Ecology, Population Biology, lcsh:Public aspects of medicine, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, Genetic Variation, lcsh:RA1-1270, 15. Life on land, biology.organism_classification, Rats, Infectious Diseases, Genetics, Population, Black rat, Genetic structure, Biological dispersal, Topography, Medical, Research Article
Abstract: Background Landscape may affect the distribution of infectious diseases by influencing the population density and dispersal of hosts and vectors. Plague (Yersinia pestis infection) is a highly virulent, re-emerging disease, the ecology of which has been scarcely studied in Africa. Human seroprevalence data for the major plague focus of Madagascar suggest that plague spreads heterogeneously across the landscape as a function of the relief. Plague is primarily a disease of rodents. We therefore investigated the relationship between disease distribution and the population genetic structure of the black rat, Rattus rattus, the main reservoir of plague in Madagascar. Methodology/Principal Findings We conducted a comparative study of plague seroprevalence and genetic structure (15 microsatellite markers) in rat populations from four geographic areas differing in topology, each covering about 150–200 km2 within the Madagascan plague focus. The seroprevalence levels in the rat populations mimicked those previously reported for humans. As expected, rat populations clearly displayed a more marked genetic structure with increasing relief. However, the relationship between seroprevalence data and genetic structure differs between areas, suggesting that plague distribution is not related everywhere to the effective dispersal of rats. Conclusions/Significance Genetic diversity estimates suggested that plague epizootics had only a weak impact on rat population sizes. In the highlands of Madagascar, plague dissemination cannot be accounted for solely by the effective dispersal of the reservoir. Human social activities may also be involved in spreading the disease in rat and human populations., Author Summary Plague (Yersinia pestis infection) is a highly virulent disease occurring in many natural ecosystems. One of the major plague foci is Madagascar, where plague has been confined principally to the central highlands since the 1920s. Despite the high prevalence of plague, its ecology has scarcely been studied. Previous studies of plague seroprevalence in humans have suggested that the disease spreads unevenly across landscapes, possibly due to the relief. Plague is primarily a disease of rodents. We therefore investigated the relationship between its distribution and the population genetic structure of its main reservoir, the black rat, Rattus rattus. We used serological and microsatellite-based population genetic analyses to compare four geographic areas of the plague focus (two mountainous areas, two plateaus). Rat populations had a more marked genetic structure in areas of greater relief. The heterogeneous distribution of plague in the highlands may be related to the population genetic structure of its reservoir, but our results suggest also a role for humans in the dispersion of the disease.
Published: 2013
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65. Beyond an AFLP genome scan towards the identification of immune genes involved in plague resistance in Rattus rattus from Madagascar

Author: Carine Brouat, Charlotte Tollenaere, S. Jacquet, Anne Loiseau, Jean-Marc Duplantier, Réjane Streiff, S. Ivanova, Centre de Biologie pour la Gestion des Populations (UMR CBGP), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), IRD ('Institut de Recherche pour le Developpement'), IPM ('Institut Pasteur de Madagascar'), ANR-SEST ('Agence Nationale pour la Recherche, Sante-Environnement et Sante-Travail'), and Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, disease resistance, immune genes, population genomics, Yersinia pestis, In silico, madagascar, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Genome Scan, pathogen-mediated selection, Rattus genome, rattus norvegicus, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Genome, rattus rattus, Homology (biology), Population genomics, 03 medical and health sciences, parasitic diseases, in silico AFLP analysis, phénotype de résistance, Genetics, Animals, analyse génomique, Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism Analysis, Selection, Genetic, Gene, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, 030304 developmental biology, Plague, 0303 health sciences, biology, Genomics, biology.organism_classification, Rats, phénotype, Genetic Loci, Amplified fragment length polymorphism, geographic locations
Abstract: Genome scans using amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) markers became popular in nonmodel species within the last 10 years, but few studies have tried to characterize the anonymous outliers identified. This study follows on from an AFLP genome scan in the black rat (Rattus rattus), the reservoir of plague (Yersinia pestis infection) in Madagascar. We successfully sequenced 17 of the 22 markers previously shown to be potentially affected by plague-mediated selection and associated with a plague resistance phenotype. Searching these sequences in the genome of the closely related species Rattus norvegicus assigned them to 14 genomic regions, revealing a random distribution of outliers in the genome (no clustering). We compared these results with those of an in silico AFLP study of the R. norvegicus genome, which showed that outlier sequences could not have been inferred by this method in R. rattus (only four of the 15 sequences were predicted). However, in silico analysis allowed the prediction of AFLP markers distribution and the estimation of homoplasy rates, confirming its potential utility for designing AFLP studies in nonmodel species. The 14 genomic regions surrounding AFLP outliers (less than 300 kb from the marker) contained 75 genes encoding proteins of known function, including nine involved in immune function and pathogen defence. We identified the two interleukin 1 genes (Il1a and Il1b) that share homology with an antigen of Y. pestis, as the best candidates for genes subject to plague-mediated natural selection. At least six other genes known to be involved in proinflammatory pathways may also be affected by plague-mediated selection.
Published: 2013
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66. Increase in Male Reproductive Success and Female Reproductive Investment in Invasive Populations of the Harlequin Ladybird Harmonia axyridis

Author: Naoya Osawa, Guillaume J. M. Laugier, Ashraf Tayeh, Anne Loiseau, Arnaud Estoup, Gilles Le Moguédec, Benoit Facon, Centre de Biologie pour la Gestion des Populations (UMR CBGP), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Botanique et Modélisation de l'Architecture des Plantes et des Végétations (UMR AMAP), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud]), Grad Sch Agr, Lab Forest Ecol, Kyoto University [Kyoto], Agropolis Fondation ['BIOFIS' 1001-001], Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud]), and Kyoto University
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Male, Time Factors, Population Dynamics, lcsh:Medicine, 01 natural sciences, Sexual Behavior, Animal, adaptation au changement, Biologie de la reproduction, Inbreeding, Mating, lcsh:Science, [SDV.BDD]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Development Biology, Animal biology, 0303 health sciences, education.field_of_study, Reproductive Biology, Multidisciplinary, biology, Reproduction, [SDV.BA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Animal biology, Biologie du développement, Fecundity, Development Biology, Biological Evolution, Coleoptera, dynamique des populations, invasion biologique, Female, Algorithms, Research Article, consanguinité, Offspring, Population, Zoology, 010603 evolutionary biology, Models, Biological, 03 medical and health sciences, Biologie animale, Inbreeding avoidance, Animals, education, 030304 developmental biology, harmonia axyridis, Reproductive success, lcsh:R, [SDV.BDLR]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Reproductive Biology, biology.organism_classification, Harmonia axyridis, Fertility, fécondite, lcsh:Q, Introduced Species
Abstract: Reproductive strategy affects population dynamics and genetic parameters that can, in turn, affect evolutionary processes during the course of biological invasion. Life-history traits associated with reproductive strategy are therefore potentially good candidates for rapid evolutionary shifts during invasions. In a series of mating trials, we examined mixed groups of four males from invasive and native populations of the harlequin ladybird Harmonia axyridis mating freely during 48 hours with one female of either type. We recorded the identity of the first male to copulate and after the 48 h-period, we examined female fecundity and share of paternity, using molecular markers. We found that invasive populations have a different profile of male and female reproductive output. Males from invasive populations are more likely to mate first and gain a higher proportion of offspring with both invasive and native females. Females from invasive populations reproduce sooner, lay more eggs, and have offspring sired by a larger number of fathers than females from native populations. We found no evidence of direct inbreeding avoidance behaviour in both invasive and native females. This study highlights the importance of investigating evolutionary changes in reproductive strategy and associated traits during biological invasions.
Published: 2013
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67. Distribution of endosymbiotic reproductive manipulators reflects invasion process and not reproductive system polymorphism in the little fire ant Wasmannia auropunctata

Author: Arnaud Estoup, Alexandre Aebi, Benoit Facon, Olivier Rey, Olivier Duron, Fabrice Vavre, Anne Loiseau, Julien Foucaud, Centre de Biologie pour la Gestion des Populations (UMR CBGP), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Laboratoire de biodiversité du sol [Neuchâtel], Université de Neuchâtel (UNINE), Institut des Sciences de l'Evolution de Montpellier (UMR ISEM), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR226-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), An algorithmic view on genomes, cells, and environments (BAMBOO), Inria Grenoble - Rhône-Alpes, Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive - UMR 5558 (LBBE), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Génétique et évolution des interactions hôtes-parasites, Département génétique, interactions et évolution des génomes [LBBE] (GINSENG), Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive - UMR 5558 (LBBE), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive - UMR 5558 (LBBE), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), French Ministere de l'Ecologie et du Developpement Durable (ECOTROP programme), French Agropolis foundation (RTRA- Montpellier, BIOFIS project) [1001-001], Centre de biologie et de gestion des populations, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR226-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro Montpellier, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Université de Montpellier (UM), and Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE)
Subjects: Male, 0106 biological sciences, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], plant - insect relationship, lcsh:Medicine, polymorphisme, Animal Phylogenetics, 01 natural sciences, polymorphism, Genotype, population dynamics, Reproductive system, lcsh:Science, Phylogeny, Animal biology, 0303 health sciences, Multidisciplinary, Ecology, biology, Reproduction, Biologie du développement, Development Biology, Bacterial Pathogens, Agricultural sciences, Host-Pathogen Interaction, dynamique des populations, parasite, Female, Wolbachia, système reproducteur, Research Article, Fire ant, Molecular Sequence Data, Zoology, Wasmannia, Microbiology, 010603 evolutionary biology, relation plante-insecte, 03 medical and health sciences, Phylogenetics, Biologie animale, Genetics, Animals, espèce invasive, Symbiosis, Evolutionary dynamics, endosymbionte, Biology, 030304 developmental biology, Evolutionary Biology, Population Biology, Ants, lcsh:R, wasmannia auropunctata, Parthenogenesis, biochemical phenomena, metabolism, and nutrition, biology.organism_classification, reproduction endosymbiotique, Genes, Bacterial, bacteria, lcsh:Q, Population Ecology, Entomology, Population Genetics, Sciences agricoles, Multilocus Sequence Typing
Abstract: Endosymbiotic reproductive manipulators may have drastic effects on the ecological and evolutionary dynamics of their hosts. The prevalence of these endosymbionts reflects both their ability to manipulate their hosts and the history of the host populations. The little fire ant Wasmannia auropunctata displays a polymorphism in both its reproductive system (sexual versus clonal populations) and the invasive status of its populations (associated to a habitat shift). We first screened for the presence of a diverse array of reproductive parasites in sexual and clonal populations of W. auropunctata, as a means to investigate the role of endosymbionts in reproductive phenotypes. Wolbachia was the only symbiont found and we then focused on its worldwide distribution and diversity in natural populations of W. auropunctata. Using a multilocus scheme, we further characterized the Wolbachia strains present in these populations. We found that almost all the native sexual populations and only a few clonal populations are infected by Wolbachia. The presence of similar Wolbachia strains in both sexual and clonal populations indicates that they are probably not the cause of the reproductive system polymorphism. The observed pattern seems rather associated to the invasion process of W. auropunctata. In particular, the observed loss of Wolbachia in clonal populations, that recurrently emerged from sexual populations, likely resulted from natural heat treatment and/or relaxed selection during the shift in habitat associated to the invasion process.
Published: 2013
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68. Thermotolerance adaptation to human-modified habitats occurs in the native range of the invasive ant Wasmannia auropunctata before long-distance dispersal

Author: Benoit Facon, Martin Kenne, Maurice Tindo, Jérôme Orivel, Laurent Crespin, Arnaud Estoup, Stéphanie Robert, Paul Serge Mbenoun Masse, Anne Loiseau, Julien Foucaud, Hervé Jourdan, Merav Vonshak, Olivier Rey, Centre de Biologie pour la Gestion des Populations (UMR CBGP), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro Montpellier, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Université de Montpellier (UM), Biologie et Génétique des Interactions Plante-Parasite (UMR BGPI), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Unité de Recherche d'Épidémiologie Animale (UR EpiA), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive - UMR 5558 (LBBE), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Ecologie des forêts de Guyane (ECOFOG), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université des Antilles et de la Guyane (UAG)-AgroParisTech-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut méditerranéen de biodiversité et d'écologie marine et continentale (IMBE), Avignon Université (AU)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UMR237-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Douala, Université de Yaoundé I, Stanford University, French Ministere de l'Ecologie et du Developpement Durable - appel d'offre ECOTROP, French Agropolis Foundation [1001-001], Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UMR237-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Avignon Université (AU)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, BIOTIC HOMOGENIZATION, Range (biology), natural selection and contemporary evolution, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], habitat, Évolution, Introduced species, adaptation, 01 natural sciences, thermotolerance, invasive species, Interactions biologiques, FIRE ANT, heat shock, LINEAR MIXED MODELS, CRITICAL THERMAL LIMITS, PHENOTYPIC PLASTICITY, PHYLOGENETIC TREES, INTRODUCED POPULATIONS, MULTIPLE INTRODUCTIONS, CLONAL REPRODUCTION, WORLDWIDE INVASION, Dynamique des populations, Adaptation physiologique, Selection naturelle, 0303 health sciences, Habitat fragmentation, Ecology, Tolérance à la chaleur, L20 - Écologie animale, General Agricultural and Biological Sciences, Genre humain, Zoology, Biology, Wasmannia, 010603 evolutionary biology, 03 medical and health sciences, Genetics, Formicidae, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, 030304 developmental biology, Local adaptation, Original Articles, 15. Life on land, biology.organism_classification, Animal ecology, Biological dispersal, Écologie animale, Adaptation, Espèce envahissante
Abstract: International audience; Key evolutionary events associated with invasion success are traditionally thought to occur in the introduced, rather than the native range of species. In the invasive ant Wasmannia auropunctata, however, a shift in reproductive system has been demonstrated within the native range, from the sexual non-dominant populations of natural habitats to the clonal dominant populations of human-modified habitats. Because abiotic conditions of human- modified habitats are hotter and dryer, we performed lab experiments on workers from a set of native and introduced populations, to investigate whether these ecological and genetic transitions were accompanied by a change in thermotolerance and whether such changes occurred before establishment in the introduced range. Thermotolerance levels were higher in native populations from human-modified habitats than in native populations from natural habitats, but were similar in native and introduced populations from human-modified habitats. Differences in thermotolerance could not be accounted for by differences in body size. A scenario based on local adaptation in the native range before introduction in remote areas represents the most parsimonious hypothesis to account for the observed phenotypic pattern. These findings highlight the importance of human land use in explaining major contemporary evolutionary changes.
Published: 2013
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69. A multiplex panel of dinucleotide microsatellite markers for the water vole, Arvicola terrestris

Author: Maxime Galan, Anne Loiseau, Jean-François Cosson, A. Weber, Karine Berthier, Centre de Biologie pour la Gestion des Populations (UMR CBGP), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), and Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, ARVICOLA TERRESTRIS, MICROSATELLITE, Population, Locus (genetics), 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Biochemistry, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, Loss of heterozygosity, 03 medical and health sciences, MULTIPLEX-PCR, Water vole, Allele, education, 030304 developmental biology, [SDV.EE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment, Genetics, 0303 health sciences, education.field_of_study, Ecology, biology, biology.organism_classification, PCR, Genetic structure, DINUCLEOTIDE MICROSATELLITES, Microsatellite, Vole, GENETIQUE DES POPULATIONS, RODENTIA
Abstract: International audience; We isolated and characterized nine polymorphic dinucleotide microsatellite loci in the fossorial vole Arvicola terrestris Scherman (Shaw). A multiplex panel comprising all nine loci was developed and its application to a set of 31 individuals allowed clear and easy characterization of allele sizes. The number of alleles range from three to 14 per locus with the observed heterozygosity ranging from 0.42 to 0.90. These markers will be useful for analysis of questions concerning population genetic structure and reproductive behaviour.
Published: 2004
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70. Isolation of 21 new polymorphic microsatellite loci in the phytopathogenic fungus Venturia inaequalis

Author: Martine Devaux, Bruno Le Cam, Anne Loiseau, Pierre Franck, and Fabien Guérin
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Genetics, 0303 health sciences, Genetic diversity, Ecology, biology, Venturia inaequalis, Locus (genetics), Fungus, biology.organism_classification, 01 natural sciences, Biochemistry, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, 03 medical and health sciences, Apple scab, Botany, Microsatellite, Polymorphic Microsatellite Marker, Allele, 030304 developmental biology, 010606 plant biology & botany
Abstract: Twenty-one new polymorphic microsatellite markers were isolated in the phytopathogenic fungus Venturia inaequalis , the causal agent of apple scab. An enrichment protocol was used to isolate microsatellite loci and the level of polymorphism was assessed on 44 European isolates. All loci were polymorphic with an average of 9.1 alleles per locus (range 2–24). Tests of cross-species amplifications suggest that at least some of these microsatellites could be used in different species, mainly Spilocaea pyracanthae and S. eriobotryae .
Published: 2004
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71. Where do adaptive shifts occur during invasion? A multidisciplinary approach to unravelling cold adaptation in a tropical ant species invading the Mediterranean area

Author: Arnaud Estoup, Gael J. Kergoat, Simon Blanchet, Maurice Leponce, Julien Foucaud, Merav Vonshak, Benoit Facon, Olivier Rey, Ted R. Schultz, Jean-Pierre Rossi, Jérôme Orivel, Anne Loiseau, Luis A. Calcaterra, Lucila Chifflet, Centre de Biologie pour la Gestion des Populations (UMR CBGP), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Department of Zoology, Tel Aviv University [Tel Aviv], Station d’Ecologie Expérimentale du CNRS à Moulis (SEEM), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Evolution et Diversité Biologique (EDB), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Royal des Sciences Naturelles de Belgique (IRSNB), and Smithsonian Institution
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, cold temperature, Range (biology), Otras Ciencias Biológicas, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Species distribution, Population Dynamics, Introduced species, biological invasion, adaptation, Biology, Wasmannia, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Invasive species, Ciencias Biológicas, 03 medical and health sciences, CLIMATIC NICHE SHIFT, Animals, ADAPTATION, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, 030304 developmental biology, WASMANNIA AUROPUNCTATA, 2. Zero hunger, 0303 health sciences, BIOLOGICAL INVASION, Mediterranean zone, Ecology, Ants, Mediterranean Region, Models, Theoretical, biology.organism_classification, Adaptation, Physiological, Biological Evolution, Wasmannia auropunctata, COLD TEMPERATURE, Habitat, Biological dispersal, climatic niche shift, Adaptation, Introduced Species, MEDITERRANEAN ZONE, CIENCIAS NATURALES Y EXACTAS
Abstract: Evolution may improve the invasiveness of populations, but it often remains unclear whether key adaptation events occur after introduction into the recipient habitat (i.e. post-introduction adaptation scenario), or before introduction within the native range (i.e. prior-adaptation scenario) or at a primary site of invasion (i.e. bridgehead scenario). We used a multidisciplinary approach to determine which of these three scenarios underlies the invasion of the tropical ant Wasmannia auropunctata in a Mediterranean region (i.e. Israel). Species distribution models (SDM), phylogeographical analyses at a broad geographical scale and laboratory experiments on appropriate native and invasive populations indicated that Israeli populations followed an invasion scenario in which adaptation to cold occurred at the southern limit of the native range before dispersal to Israel. We discuss the usefulness of combining SDM, genetic and experimental approaches for unambiguous determination of eco-evolutionary invasion scenarios. Fil: Rey, Olivier. Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique; Francia Fil: Estoup, Arnaud. Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique; Francia Fil: Vonshak, Merav. Universidad de Tel Aviv; Israel Fil: Loiseau, Anne. Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique; Francia Fil: Blanchet, Simon. Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique; Francia Fil: Calcaterra, Luis Alberto. Fundación para el Estudio de Especies Invasivas; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina Fil: Chifflet, Lucila. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Ciudad Universitaria. Instituto de Ecología, Genética y Evolución de Buenos Aires. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Ecología, Genética y Evolución de Buenos Aires; Argentina Fil: Rossi, Jean Pierre. Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique; Francia Fil: Kergoat, Gaël J.. Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique; Francia Fil: Foucaud, Julien. Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique; Francia Fil: Orivel, Jérôme. Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique; Francia Fil: Leponce, Maurice. Royal Belgian Institute Of Natural Sciences; Bélgica Fil: Schultz, Ted. Smithsonian Institute Natural Museum Of Natural History; Estados Unidos Fil: Facon, Benoit. Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique; Francia
Published: 2012
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72. Evolution in biocontrol strains: insight from the harlequin ladybird Harmonia axyridis

Author: Benoit Facon, Arnaud Estoup, Ashraf Tayeh, Julie Turgeon, Guillaume Laugier, Stefan Toepfer, Anne Loiseau, Centre de Biologie pour la Gestion des Populations (UMR CBGP), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Département de Biologie, Université Laval, Université Laval [Québec] (ULaval), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), and Facon, Benoit
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, fungal entomopathogen, Harmonia axyridis, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], inadvertent selection, Biological pest control, Beauveria bassiana, biological control, biological invasion, lutte biologique, coccinelle, laboratory adaptation, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Genetic drift, Captive breeding, Genetics, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, beauveria bassiana, Genetic diversity, biology, Ecology, fungi, food and beverages, Original Articles, Fecundity, biology.organism_classification, life-history traits, champignon entomopathogène, 010602 entomology, genetic drift, Entomopathogenic fungus, essai en laboratoire, General Agricultural and Biological Sciences, contrôle biologique
Abstract: After being used as a biocontrol agent against aphids for decades without harmful consequences, the Asian harlequin ladybird Harmonia axyridis has suddenly become an invasive pest on a worldwide scale. We investigate the impact of captive breeding on several traits of this ladybird such as genetic diversity, fecundity, survival and pathogen resistance. We conducted an experiment in the laboratory to compare the fecundity and the susceptibility to the entomopathogenic fungus Beauveria bassiana of wild and biocontrol adults of H. axyridis. We compiled these new findings with already published data. Altogether, our findings suggest that mass rearing of biological control agents may strongly impact genetic diversity and life-history traits. We discuss how such changes may subsequently affect the fitness of biological control strains in natural environments.
Published: 2012
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73. Contrasted patterns of selection on MHC-linked microsatellites in natural populations of the Malagasy plague reservoir

Author: Svilena Ivanova, Soanandrasana Rahelinirina, Anne Loiseau, Lila Rahalison, Jean-Marc Duplantier, Charlotte Tollenaere, Carine Brouat, Centre de Biologie pour la Gestion des Populations (UMR CBGP), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Laboratoire Central de la Peste (CNR), Institut Pasteur de Madagascar, Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP), This work was funded by the Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, the Institut Pasteur de Madagascar and an Agence Nationale pour la Recherche, Santé-Environnement et Santé-Travail program on plague diffusion, Brouat, Carine, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Centre de biologie et de gestion des populations, and Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Bacterial Diseases, MESH: Selection, Genetic, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], lcsh:Medicine, Population genetics, MESH: Genetic Markers, Balancing selection, 01 natural sciences, MESH: Madagascar, Histocompatibility Antigens, peste, maladie, rongeurs, écosystèmes, rat noir, résistance à la maladie, biologie des populations, génétique des populations, différenciation génétique, distribution spatiale, agent pathogène, MESH: Animals, lcsh:Science, MESH: Evolution, Molecular, Disease Resistance, Genetics, 0303 health sciences, education.field_of_study, Multidisciplinary, Natural selection, biology, Animal Models, Infectious Diseases, Black rat, Genetic structure, Medicine, Research Article, Genetic Markers, MESH: Rats, Population, MESH: Disease Resistance, 010603 evolutionary biology, MESH: Genetic Loci, MESH: Plague, Evolution, Molecular, 03 medical and health sciences, Model Organisms, Madagascar, Animals, Selection, Genetic, Central Highlands, education, Biology, 030304 developmental biology, Evolutionary Biology, Plague, lcsh:R, MESH: Histocompatibility Antigens, biology.organism_classification, Rats, Yersinia pestis, Evolutionary biology, Genetic Loci, lcsh:Q, MESH: Microsatellite Repeats, Population Genetics, Microsatellite Repeats
Abstract: International audience; Plague (Yersinia pestis infection) is a highly virulent rodent disease that persists in many natural ecosystems. The black rat (Rattus rattus) is the main host involved in the plague focus of the central highlands of Madagascar. Black rat populations from this area are highly resistant to plague, whereas those from areas in which the disease is absent (low altitude zones of Madagascar) are susceptible. Various lines of evidence suggest a role for the Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) in plague resistance. We therefore used the MHC region as a candidate for detecting signatures of plague-mediated selection in Malagasy black rats, by comparing population genetic structures for five MHC-linked microsatellites and neutral markers in two sampling designs. We first compared four pairs of populations, each pair including one population from the plague focus and one from the disease-free zone. Plague-mediated selection was expected to result in greater genetic differentiation between the two zones than expected under neutrality and this was observed for one MHC-class I-linked locus (D20Img2). For this marker as well as for four other MHC-linked loci, a geographic pattern of genetic structure was found at local scale within the plague focus. This pattern would be expected if plague selection pressures were spatially variable. Finally, another MHC-class I-linked locus (D20Rat21) showed evidences of balancing selection, but it seems more likely that this selection would be related to unknown pathogens more widely distributed in Madagascar than plague.
Published: 2012
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74. Meiotic Recombination Dramatically Decreased in Thelytokous Queens of the Little Fire Ant and Their Sexually Produced Workers

Author: Julien Foucaud, Jean-Marie Cornuet, Benoit Facon, Arnaud Estoup, Stéphanie Robert, Jérôme Orivel, Olivier Rey, Anne Loiseau, Jacques H. C. Delabie, C. S. F. Mariano, Gauthier Dobigny, Centre de Biologie pour la Gestion des Populations (UMR CBGP), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro Montpellier, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Université de Montpellier (UM), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Laboratoire Evolution, Génomes et Spéciation [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LEGS), Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR072-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Ecologie des forêts de Guyane (ECOFOG), Ecole Nationale du Génie Rural, des Eaux et des Forêts (ENGREF)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université des Antilles et de la Guyane (UAG)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Biologie et Génétique des Interactions Plante-Parasite (UMR BGPI), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Département Systèmes Biologiques (Cirad-BIOS), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad), Centre Régional AGRHYMET (CRA), Laboratorio de Mirmecologia (Itabuna, Brazil), Universidade Estadual De Santa Cruz [Brazil] (UESC), This work was supported by a grant from the French ‘‘Ministere de l’Ecologie et du Developpement Durable’’—for the ECOTROP call for proposals, awarded to A.E. and J.O. and a grant from CNPq awarded to J.H.C.D. Some of the data analyzed here were generated at the molecular genetic analysis technical facilities of the Environment and Biodiversity IFR119 at Montpellier., Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Laboratoire Evolution, Génomes et Spéciation UPR 9034, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Evolution et Diversité Biologique (EDB), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, Partenaires INRAE, Laboratorio de Mirmecologia, and CEPLAC
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Heterozygote, consanguinité, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], inbreeding, biological invasion, Wasmannia, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, thelytoky, Loss of heterozygosity, parthénogenèse, 03 medical and health sciences, fourmi de feu, Meiosis, Genetics, Inbreeding depression, Animals, [SDV.BBM]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, parthenogenesis, Social Behavior, Molecular Biology, Alleles, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, 030304 developmental biology, Recombination, Genetic, 0303 health sciences, BIOLOGIE DES POPULATIONS, biology, Ants, Reproduction, Homozygote, Parthenogenesis, biology.organism_classification, Biological Evolution, recombination, Sexual reproduction, INSECTE, Female, Thelytoky, invasion biologique, Inbreeding, Wasmannia auropunctata
Abstract: Corresponding author: E-mail: olivier.rey@supagro.inra.fr; The little fire ant, Wasmannia auropunctata, displays a peculiar breeding system polymorphism. Classical haplo-diploid sexual reproduction between reproductive individuals occurs in some populations, whereas, in others, queens and males reproduce clonally. Workers are produced sexually and are sterile in both clonal and sexual populations. The evolutionary fate of the clonal lineages depends strongly on the underlying mechanisms allowing reproductive individuals to transmit their genomes to subsequent generations. We used several queen-offspring data sets to estimate the rate of transition from heterozygosity to homozygosity associated with recombination events at 33 microsatellite loci in thelytokous parthenogenetic queen lineages and compared these rates with theoretical expectations under various parthenogenesis mechanisms. We then used sexually produced worker families to define linkage groups for these 33 loci and to compare meiotic recombination rates in sexual and parthenogenetic queens. Our results demonstrate that queens from clonal populations reproduce by automictic parthenogenesis with central fusion. These same parthenogenetic queens produce normally segregating meiotic oocytes for workers, which display much lower rates of recombination (by a factor of 45) than workers produced by sexual queens. These low recombination rates also concern the parthenogenetic production of queen offspring, as indicated by the very low rates of transition from heterozygosity to homozygosity observed (from 0% to 2.8%). We suggest that the combination of automixis with central fusion and a major decrease in recombination rates allows clonal queens to benefit from thelytoky while avoiding the potential inbreeding depression resulting from the loss of heterozygosity during automixis. In sterile workers, the strong decrease of recombination rates may also facilitate the conservation over time of some coadapted allelic interactions within chromosomes that might confer an adaptive advantage in habitats disturbed by human activity, where clonal populations of W. auropunctata are mostly found
Published: 2011
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75. Eleven polymorphic microsatellite markers for Oedaleus decorus (Orthoptera, Acrididae), an endangered grasshopper in Central Europe

Author: Raphaël Arlettaz, Karine Berthier, Anne Loiseau, Réjane Streiff, University of Bern, Centre de Biologie pour la Gestion des Populations (UMR CBGP), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), and Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Orthoptera, Population, Endangered species, MICROSATELLITES, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Acrididae, Loss of heterozygosity, 03 medical and health sciences, ACRIDIDAE, Genetics, Polymorphic Microsatellite Marker, education, Grasshopper, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, 030304 developmental biology, 0303 health sciences, education.field_of_study, biology, Ecology, biology.organism_classification, ORTHOPTERA, ORTHOPTERE, OEDALEUS DECORUS, Microsatellite, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, MULTIPLEX PCR, Biotechnology
Abstract: International audience; We isolated and characterized 11 microsatellite loci in the grasshopper Oedaleus decorus (Orthoptera: Acrididae), an endangered species in Central Europe. Polymorphism was studied from two populations, one out of two populations known from Switzerland (n = 20 individuals) and one site from south of France (n = 20). The number of alleles and the expected heterozygosity ranged from five to 12 and from 0.559 to 0.898, respectively, in the Swiss population, and from 14 to 23 and from 0.895 to 0.974, respectively, in the French population. These microsatellite markers are suitable for further conservation genetic studies of O. decorus.
Published: 2011
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76. Isolation and characterization of microsatellites in the harlequin ladybird, Harmonia axyridis (Coleoptera, Coccinellidae), and cross-species amplification within the family Coccinellidae

Author: Arnaud Estoup, Thibaut Malausa, Jean-François Martin, Anne Loiseau, Eric Lombaert, Centre de Biologie pour la Gestion des Populations (UMR CBGP), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Interactions Biotiques et Santé Végétale, and Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Linkage disequilibrium, MICROSATELLITES, Population genetics, Locus (genetics), 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Loss of heterozygosity, 03 medical and health sciences, Genetics, Genotyping, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, 030304 developmental biology, [SDV.EE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment, 0303 health sciences, NUCLEAR MARKER, biology, BIOLOGICAL INVASION, COLEOPTERE, INSECT, biology.organism_classification, INVASIVE SPECIES, Harmonia axyridis, INSECTE, Microsatellite, Coccinellidae, ESPECE INVASIVE, Biotechnology
Abstract: Correspondance: thibaut.malausa@sophia.inra.fr; International audience; A total of 18 microsatellite DNA loci were isolated and characterized from the harlequin ladybird, Harmonia axyridis (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae). We optimized a multiplex panel consisting of two polymerase chain reactions, allowing the genotyping of all loci. The number of alleles and heterozygosity observed at each locus ranged from 1 to 12 and from 0 to 100%, respectively. After Bonferroni correction for multiple tests, none of the loci deviated significantly from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium and there was no indication of significant linkage disequilibrium among pairs of loci. Successful cross-species amplification was obtained for only three of the seven tested species of Coccinellidae
Published: 2011
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77. Inbreeding depression is purged in the invasive insect Harmonia axyridis

Author: Benoit Facon, Thomas Guillemaud, Arnaud Estoup, Renaud Vitalis, Jonathan G. Lundgren, Eric Lombaert, Ruth A. Hufbauer, Anne Loiseau, Ashraf Tayeh, Centre de Biologie pour la Gestion des Populations (UMR CBGP), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Colorado State University [Fort Collins] (CSU), Interactions Biotiques et Santé Végétale, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), and Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Population Dynamics, Population genetics, Introduced species, [SDV.BC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Cellular Biology, Biology, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, Bottleneck, 03 medical and health sciences, Gene Frequency, Inbreeding depression, Animals, Inbreeding, 030304 developmental biology, Demography, 0303 health sciences, Genetic diversity, Agricultural and Biological Sciences(all), Ecology, Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology(all), Population size, Genetic Variation, food and beverages, Bayes Theorem, biology.organism_classification, Biological Evolution, Harmonia axyridis, Coleoptera, INSECTE, ESPECES INVASIVES, Genetics, Population, Evolutionary biology, Genetic Fitness, GENETIQUE DES POPULATIONS, General Agricultural and Biological Sciences, Introduced Species, Microsatellite Repeats
Abstract: Correspondance: facon@supagro.inra.fr; International audience; Bottlenecks in population size reduce genetic diversity and increase inbreeding, which can lead to inbreeding depression [1]. It is thus puzzling how introduced species, which typically pass through bottlenecks, become such successful invaders [2]. However, under certain theoretical conditions, bottlenecks of intermediate size can actually purge the alleles that cause inbreeding depression [3]. Although this process has been confirmed in model laboratory systems [4], it has yet to be observed in natural invasive populations. We evaluate whether such purging could facilitate biological invasions by using the world-wide invasion of the ladybird (or ladybug) Harmonia axyridis. We first show that invasive populations endured a bottleneck of intermediate intensity. We then demonstrate that replicate introduced populations experience almost none of the inbreeding depression suffered by native populations. Thus, rather than posing a barrier to invasion as often assumed, bottlenecks, by purging deleterious alleles, can enable the evolution of invaders that maintain high fitness even when inbred
Published: 2011
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78. Isolation and characterization of microsatellite loci in black grouse (Tetrao tetrix)

Author: Jean-Yves Rasplus, Anne Loiseau, Alain Caizergues, Sophie Dubois, and G. Mondor
Subjects: Galliformes, Ecology, biology, Polymorphism (computer science), Evolutionary biology, Microsatellite, Tetrao, Allele, biology.organism_classification, Black grouse, Biochemistry, Phasianidae, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Abstract: We isolated eight microsatellite loci in the black grouse (Tetraonidae). Polymorphism ranged from 2 to 15 alleles (48 individuals from the same locality examined). Cross-specific amplifications suggests that some of these microsatellites may be used in other tetraonids and, to a lesser extent, in some other phylogenetically more distant galliforms.
Published: 2001
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79. Permanent Genetic Resources added to the Molecular Ecology Resources Database 1 February 2010–31 March 2010

Author: A. van Wormhoudt, Joanna Fietz, Didier Aurelle, Jürgen Tomiuk, Y. Fong, Hinrich Martin Schaefer, Preeti Dhakal, Nolan C. Kane, Sigurlaug Skirnisdottir, Valérie Roussel, W. Ke, T. Heinz, J. L. Klein, M. Kane, Z. R. Tao, Claiton Martins-Ferreira, Sigurbjörg Hauksdóttir, J. D. Ren, M. Lucas, L. Z. Lu, Simone Sommer, Yan Hong, C. Li, Oliver Haddrath, Nadine Klauke, Michael Heinrich, Ying Ding, Takeshi Kawakami, Anke Schmidt, Anne Loiseau, Allan J. Baker, J. F. J. Kun, Sylvain Huchette, Kenza Mokhtar-Jamaï, Brian E. Scheffler, Gudmundur H. Gunnarsson, Gernot Segelbacher, J. J. Li, Mark C. Ungerer, Sigridur Hjorleifsdottir, Nathan P. Havill, Q. Xia, Q. Y. Yuan, Adalgisa Caccone, C. Brouat, J. M. Duplantier, Timothy A. Rinehart, Y. Tian, R. Taubert, L. Bottin, Didier Forcioli, G. Q. Li, Robert N. Trigiano, M. O. Santos, Lei Pan, J. D. Shen, A. Chaix, Phillip A. Wadl, R. A. Keith, D. Q. Wang, Christophe Pampoulie, Margaret R. Pooler, J. Hurst, Denita Hadziabdic, Thales Renato Ochotorena de Freitas, Wolfgang Fiedler, Gudmundur O. Hreggvidsson, Tanja Weis-Dootz, Kristinn Olafsson, Université de la Méditerranée - Aix-Marseille 2, Royal Ontario Museum, Université de Nice Sophia-Antipolis (UNSA), Centre de Biologie pour la Gestion des Populations (UMR CBGP), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology [New Haven], Yale University [New Haven], Forest Service, Northern Research Station, United States Department of Agriculture, Division of Biology, Kansas State University, Wuhan University, Max Planck Institute for Ornithology, Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Institute of Experimental Ecology, Universität Ulm - Ulm University [Ulm, Allemagne], National Parks Board, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul [Porto Alegre] (UFRGS), Matis ( Reykjavik ), Partenaires INRAE, Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, The University of Tennessee [Knoxville], University of Freiburg [Freiburg], Temasek Lifesciences Laboratory, National University of Singapore (NUS), University of Iceland [Reykjavik], Scea France Haliotis, Department Wildlife Ecology and Management, University Freiburg, Institut de recherche pour le développement (IRD [Sénégal]), Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen = Eberhard Karls University of Tuebingen, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Marine Research Institute, United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN), Universidade Estadual de Campinas = University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Leibniz Institute for Zoo and Wildlife Research (IZW), Leibniz Association, Molecular Ecology Resources Primer Development Consortium, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), University of Iceland, and Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Anser cygnoides, food.ingredient, PHYLOGENY, ved/biology.organism_classification_rank.species, INSECTS, MOLECULAR MARKERS, Laricobius, computer.software_genre, ECOLOGY, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, 03 medical and health sciences, food, REFERENCEMENT, POPULATION GENETICS, Oenanthe javanica, GENBANK, Genetics, Helianthus maximiliani, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, 030304 developmental biology, Pyrrhura orcesi, Athene noctua, [SDV.EE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment, 0303 health sciences, biology, Database, ved/biology, TAXONOMY, biology.organism_classification, INSECTE, CATALOGUE, Apodemus, GENETIQUE DES POPULATIONS, Paramuricea clavata, computer, ECOLOGIE, Biotechnology
Abstract: Correspondance: Molecular Ecology Resources Primer Development Consortium, E-mail: editorial.office@molecolres.com; International audience; This article documents the addition of 228microsatellite marker loci to the Molecular Ecology Resources Database. Loci were developed for the following species: Anser cygnoides, Apodemus flavicollis, Athene noctua, Cercis canadensis, Glis glis, Gubernatrix cristata, Haliotis tuberculata, Helianthus maximiliani, Laricobius nigrinus, Laricobius rubidus, Neoheligmonella granjoni, Nephrops norvegicus, Oenanthe javanica, Paramuricea clavata, Pyrrhura orcesi and Samanea saman. These loci were cross-tested on the following species: Apodemus sylvaticus, Laricobius laticollis and Laricobius osakensis (a proposed new species currently being described)
Published: 2010
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80. Characterization of polymorphic microsatellite loci in the neotropical plant ant allomerus decemarticulatus (Formicidae: Myrmicinae) and multiplexing with other microsatellites from the ant subfamily Myrmicinae

Author: Arnaud Estoup, Angélique Quilichini, Jérôme Orivel, Anne Loiseau, Pierre-Jean G. Malé, Evolution et Diversité Biologique (EDB), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre de Biologie pour la Gestion des Populations (UMR CBGP), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Ecologie des forêts de Guyane (ECOFOG), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université des Antilles et de la Guyane (UAG)-AgroParisTech-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), and ANR-06-JCJC-0109-01
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Subfamily, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Population, Population genetics, Locus (genetics), Wasmannia, Allomerus, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, microsatellites, plant ant, ant-plant mutualism, 03 medical and health sciences, plant-ant, Ant plant mutualism, education, Formicidae, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 030304 developmental biology, Allomerus decemarticulatus, Genetics, 0303 health sciences, education.field_of_study, Myrmicinae, biology, Microsatellits, biology.organism_classification, Hymenoptera, QL1-991, Insect Science, Microsatellite, Zoology
Abstract: Five polymorphic microsatellite loci of the arboreal ant Allomerus decemarticulatus (Myrmicinae) were isolated and characterized. The amplification and polymorphism of seven additional microsatellite loci, previously developed for the ant species A. octoarticulatus and Wasmannia auropunctata, were also tested and the amplification conditions necessary for genotyping the complete set of 12 multiplexed markers in A. decemarticulatus determined. The number of alleles per locus ranged from three to 15 and observed heterozygosity varied from 0.09 to 0.95. Cross-species amplification of these loci was also successfully achieved in additional species of the same ant subfamily, Myrmicinae. This set of microsatellite markers will be used in studies on the mating system and population genetic structure of Myrmicinae in general and A. decemarticulatus in particular.
Published: 2010

81. Worldwide invasion by the little fire ant: routes of introduction and eco-evolutionary pathways

Author: Julien, Foucaud, Jérôme, Orivel, Anne, Loiseau, Jacques H C, Delabie, Hervé, Jourdan, Djoël, Konghouleux, Merav, Vonshak, Maurice, Tindo, Jean-Luc, Mercier, Dominique, Fresneau, Jean-Bruno, Mikissa, Terry, McGlynn, Alexander S, Mikheyev, Jan, Oettler, and Arnaud, Estoup
Subjects: reproduction system, biological invasion, Original Articles, parthenogenesis, introduction routes, Wasmannia auropunctata
Abstract: Biological invasions are generally thought to occur after human aided migration to a new range. However, human activities prior to migration may also play a role. We studied here the evolutionary genetics of introduced populations of the invasive ant Wasmannia auropunctata at a worldwide scale. Using microsatellite markers, we reconstructed the main routes of introduction of the species. We found three main routes of introduction, each of them strongly associated to human history and trading routes. We also demonstrate the overwhelming occurrence of male and female clonality in introduced populations of W. auropunctata, and suggest that this particular reproduction system is under selection in human-modified habitats. Together with previous researches focused on native populations, our results suggest that invasive clonal populations may have evolved within human modified habitats in the native range, and spread further from there. The evolutionarily most parsimonious scenario for the emergence of invasive populations of the little fire ant might thus be a two-step process. The W. auropunctata case illustrates the central role of humans in biological change, not only due to changes in migration patterns, but also in selective pressures over species.
Published: 2009

82. Reproductive system, social organization, human disturbance and ecological dominance in native populations of the little fire ant, Wasmannia auropunctata

Author: Julien, Foucaud, Jérôme, Orivel, Denis, Fournier, Jacques H C, Delabie, Anne, Loiseau, Julien, Le Breton, Philippe, Cerdan, and Arnaud, Estoup
Subjects: Male, Genotype, Ants, Reproduction, Sequence Analysis, DNA, DNA, Mitochondrial, French Guiana, Aggression, Genetics, Population, Animals, Computer Simulation, Female, Brazil, Ecosystem, Microsatellite Repeats
Abstract: The invasive ant species Wasmannia auropunctata displays both ecologically dominant and non-dominant populations within its native range. Three factors could theoretically explain the ecological dominance of some native populations of W. auropunctata: (i) its clonal reproductive system, through demographic and/or adaptive advantages; (ii) its unicolonial social organization, through lower intraspecific and efficient interspecific competition; (iii) the human disturbance of its native range, through the modification of biotic and abiotic environmental conditions. We used microsatellite markers and behavioural tests to uncover the reproductive modes and social organization of dominant and non-dominant native populations in natural and human-modified habitats. Microsatellite and mtDNA data indicated that dominant and non-dominant native populations (supercolonies as determined by aggression tests) of W. auropunctata did not belong to different evolutionary units. We found that the reproductive system and the social organization are neither necessary nor sufficient to explain W. auropunctata ecological dominance. Dominance rather seems to be set off by unknown ecological factors altered by human activities, as all dominant populations were recorded in human-modified habitats. The clonal reproductive system found in some populations of W. auropunctata may however indirectly contribute to its ecological dominance by allowing the species to expand its environmental niche, through the fixation over time of specific combinations of divergent male and female genotypes. Unicoloniality may rather promote the range expansion of already dominant populations than actually trigger ecological dominance. The W. auropunctata model illustrates the strong impact of human disturbance on species' ecological features and the adaptive potential of clonal reproductive systems.
Published: 2009

83. Thelytokous parthenogenesis, male clonality and genetic caste determination in the little fire ant: new evidence and insights from the lab

Author: Jérôme Orivel, Arnaud Estoup, Anne Loiseau, Olivier Rey, Julien Foucaud, Centre de Biologie pour la Gestion des Populations (UMR CBGP), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Male, Fire ant, Genotype, media_common.quotation_subject, Parthenogenesis, THELYTOKOUS PARTHENOGENESIS, Wasmannia, MALE CLONALITY, Genetics, Animals, FOURMI DE FEU, Genetics (clinical), media_common, WASMANNIA AUROPUNCTATA, BIOLOGIE DES POPULATIONS, Polymorphism, Genetic, biology, Behavior, Animal, Ants, REPRODUCTION SYSTEM, FOURNMI ELECTRIQUE, biology.organism_classification, GENETIC CASTE DETERMINATION, Biological Evolution, INSECTE, Evolutionary biology, Haplodiploidy, Microsatellite, Thelytoky, Female, Reproduction, GENETIQUE DES POPULATIONS, Caste determination, [SDV.MHEP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology, Microsatellite Repeats
Abstract: Corespondance : julien.foucaud@legs.cnrs-gif.fr; Previous studies indicate that some populations of the little fire ant, Wasmannia auropunctata, display an unusual reproduction system polymorphism. Although some populations have a classical haplodiploid reproduction system, in other populations queens are produced by thelytokous parthenogenesis, males are produced by a male clonality system and workers are produced sexually. An atypical genetic caste determination system was also suggested. However, these conclusions were indirectly inferred from genetic studies on field population samples. Here we set up experimental laboratory nests that allow the control of the parental relationships between individuals. The queens heading those nests originated from either putatively clonal or sexual populations. We characterized the male, queen and worker offspring they produced at 12 microsatellite loci. Our results unambiguously confirm the unique reproduction system polymorphism mentioned above and that male clonality is strictly associated with thelytokous parthenogenesis. We also observed direct evidence of the rare production of sexual gynes and arrhenotokous males in clonal populations. Finally, we obtained evidence of a genetic basis for caste determination. The evolutionary significance of the reproduction system polymorphism and genetic caste determination as well as future research opportunities are discussed
Published: 2009
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84. Consequences of hybridization between invasive and biocontrol individuals of the harlequin ladybird Harmonia axyridis in France

Author: Benoit Facon, Laurent Crespin, Anne Loiseau, Eric Lombaert, Alexandra Magro, Arnaud Estoup, Centre de Biologie pour la Gestion des Populations (UMR CBGP), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Evolutionary Ecology Research Group, Department of Biology, University of Antwerp (UA), Institut Sophia Agrobiotech (ISA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (... - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Evolution et Diversité Biologique (EDB), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Institut Sophia Agrobiotech [Sophia Antipolis] (ISA), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (... - 2019) (UNS), Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), and Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: [SDV.BA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Animal biology, [SDV.BDLR]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Reproductive Biology, [SDV.BDD]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Development Biology
Abstract: absent
Published: 2009

85. Outbreaks, gene flow and effective population size in the migratory locust Locusta migratoria: a regional scale comparative survey

Author: Anne Loiseau, Yannis Michalakis, Arnaud Estoup, Marie Pierre Chapuis, Michel Lecoq, Alex Franc, Centre de Biologie pour la Gestion des Populations (UMR CBGP), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad), School of Biological Sciences, The University of Sydney, Génétique et évolution des maladies infectieuses (GEMI), and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Montpellier 1 (UM1)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, POPULATION STRUCTURE, OUTBREAK, Population Dynamics, 01 natural sciences, Population density, microsatellites, Gene flow, Effective population size, Cluster Analysis, 0303 health sciences, education.field_of_study, Geography, biology, Ecology, Europe, alleles, GENETIQUE DES POPULATIONS, China, LOCUSTA MIGRATORIA, Population, MICROSATELLITES, 010603 evolutionary biology, 03 medical and health sciences, "null", Genetic variation, Madagascar, Genetics, GENE FLOW, Animals, pest, [SDV.BBM]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, education, NULL ALLELES, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, 030304 developmental biology, LOCUST, Population Density, Genetic diversity, outbreak, Genetic Variation, Outbreak, PEST, population structure, Migratory locust, biology.organism_classification, H10 - Ravageurs des plantes, Genetics, Population, locust, Animal Migration, gene flow
Abstract: E-mail Address: chapuimp@supagro.inra.fr; International audience; The potential effect of population outbreaks on within and between genetic variation of populations in pest species has rarely been assessed. In this study, we compare patterns of genetic variation in different sets of historically frequently outbreaking and rarely outbreaking populations of an agricultural pest of major importance, the migratory locust, Locusta migratoria. We analyse genetic variation within and between 24 populations at 14 microsatellites in Western Europe, where only ancient and low-intensity outbreaks have been reported (non-outbreaking populations), and in Madagascar and Northern China, where frequent and intense outbreak events have been recorded over the last century (outbreaking populations). Our comparative survey shows that (i) the long-term effective population size is similar in outbreaking and non-outbreaking populations, as evidenced by similar estimates of genetic diversity, and (ii) gene flow is substantially larger among outbreaking populations than among non-outbreaking populations, as evidenced by a fourfold to 30-fold difference in F ST values. We discuss the implications for population dynamics and the consequences for management strategies of the observed patterns of genetic variation in L. migratoria populations with contrasting historical outbreak frequency and extent
Published: 2009
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86. Permanent genetic resources added to molecular ecology resources database 1 May 2009-31 July 2009

Author: Maurizio Rossetto, Nathan R. Campbell, Maurício P. Arruda, Simon R. Thorrold, Shuyi Zhang, Steven M. Bogdanowicz, Geoffrey P. Jones, Ka Hou Chu, Steven J. Klosterman, Weisha Luan, Carlos Augusto Strüssmann, Markus Riegler, Christina Riehl, S. P. Hudman, Eduardo Eizirik, Yan Wang, Qianqian Li, Kevin J. Roe, Danhua Wu, Michael L. Berumen, Bao-Ping Zhai, Karolina Härnström, Artur Silva, Cheng-Hua Huang, Elisabeth Rochel, Andrew Weeks, James P. Cuda, R. M. Davis, José A. Dávila, Ester A. Serrão, John M. K. Roberts, Amber M. Grajczyk, Nusha Keyghobadi, Susanne Krumböck, Wolfgang Arthofer, Emily S. Davis, S.D. Brown, Feng Tan, Patrick Roberts, R.X. Wang, P.J.G. De Nova, Onno E. Diekmann, Morgan S. Pratchett, Eriko Koshimizu, Mario L. Lasta, Elizabeth Gallagher, Indrani Karunasagar, Yongqiang Gao, M. Liu, V. Saravanan, Dean A. Williams, Bilal Rasool, Ian G. Paterson, Olivia A. Patty, Ru Zhao, Yung Wa Sin, K. N. Neufeld, Anne Loiseau, Serge Planes, Eugenio Daniel Tejedor, Loukas Kanetis, Nobuaki Okamoto, Christer Halldén, Cynthia Yau, Marc A. Cubeta, Juan A. Fargallo, Phillip A. Wadl, Margaret M. Koopman, Pablo Vergara, Maria Paula Cruz Schneider, Kirsten Köppler, Mirjam S. van de Vliet, Xiangjiang Zhan, Gerald J. Holmes, Craig Syms, Tomás E. Murray, Amanda H. Hemmingsen, T. Kubisiak, J. Koch, Wenchao Liu, Anke Schmidt, Patrick J. Monnahan, Fuwen Wei, Xinwang Wang, Glenn R. Almany, Robert N. Trigiano, Hannes Schuler, Zahi K. Atallah, Karunakaran Maruthachalam, Gordana Rašić, Rong-Chien Lin, Cheng-Te Yao, Bryan C. Carstens, C. Burdine, Hongxia Wang, Ahmad Sofiman Othman, Eliana Morielle-Versute, Cladinara Roberts Sarturi, Krishna V. Subbarao, Evonnildo Costa Gonçalves, Yaohua Shi, Jeremiah W. Busch, Licínia Gouveia, Rohan Mellick, Steven R. Beissinger, Yuan Liu, Olivier Rey, Takashi Sakamoto, E. O. Wiley, Lifeng Zhu, Page E. Klug, Anna Godhe, Philippe Girard, Na Liu, Zhaoxia Cui, Jacob B. Landis, M. J. Grose, Aimin Wang, Iddya Karunasagar, Lawrence E. Datnoff, Christian Stauffer, María I. Trucco, Michael William Bruford, Chow-Yang Lee, Jeanne M. Serb, Hideo Fukuda, Liane R. Gale, Robert J. Paxton, Thomas Püttker, Renata Pardini, Carolyn Porter, Dianne Carey, Samantha M. Wisely, William J. Werner, Chuan-Chin Huang, Guo-Yan Zhang, Simone Sommer, William A. Overholt, Zhifeng Gu, Peter S. Ojiambo, Beng-Keok Yeap, Helen M. McCormick, Shou Hsien Li, Richard J. Wilkins, Mirian T. N. Tsuchiya-Jerep, Fabiano Fernandes, Daniel E. Ruzzante, Shawn R. Narum, ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies (CoralCoE), James Cook University (JCU), Universidade Estadual Paulista Julio de Mesquita Filho (UNESP), Institute of Ecology, University of Innsbruck, Department of Plant Pathology, University of Kentucky, University of California [Berkeley], University of California, Biology Department (WHOI), Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution (WHOI), Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Cornell University, University of Miami [Coral Gables], Cardiff University, United States Department of Agriculture - USDA (USA), Washington State University (WSU), Columbia River Inter-Tribal Fish Commission, Partenaires INRAE, Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University (LSU), Chinese University of Hong Kong, Iowa State University (ISU), Department of Entomology and Nematology, University of California [Davis] (UC Davis), University of California-University of California, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Department of Plant Pathology and Crop Physiology, Instituto de Investigación en Recursos Cinegéticos (IREC), School of Biological Sciences [Belfast], Queen's University [Belfast] (QUB), Universidade do Algarve (UAlg), Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Instituto Pró-Carnívoros, Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales (MNCN), Leibniz Institute for Zoo and Wildlife Research (IZW), Leibniz Association, Graduate School of Marine Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology (TUMSAT), Department of plant pathology, University of Minnesota [Twin Cities], University of Minnesota System-University of Minnesota System, Motianling Nature Reserve, Department of Marine Ecology, University of Gothenburg (GU), Universidade Federal do Paraná (UFPR), Department of Biology, Texas Christian University (TCU), University of Kansas [Lawrence] (KU), Hainan University, Malmö University Hospital, Department of Ecology, Evolution and Organismal Biology, National Taiwan Ocean University (NTOU), Truman State University, School of Marine and Tropical Biology, Karnataka Veterinary Animal and Fisheries Sciences University, Northern Arizona University [Flagstaff], ARS, Division of Biology, Kansas State University, Federal Research Centre for Cultivated Plants, Julius Kühn Institute (JKI), Universität für Bodenkultur Wien [Vienne, Autriche] (BOKU), Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Desarrollo Pesquero, University Sains Malaysia, Zhejiang Ocean University, East China Normal University, Centre de Biologie pour la Gestion des Populations (UMR CBGP), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), National Herbarium of New South Wales, Royal Botanic Gardens & Domain Trust, University of Adelaide, University of Florida [Gainesville], Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Dalhousie University, Centre de recherches insulaires et observatoire de l'environnement (CRIOBE), Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Western Sydney University (UWS), Princeton University, Department of Migration and Immuno-ecology, Max Planck Institute for Ornithology, Max-Planck-Gesellschaft-Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, and University of Melbourne
Subjects: food.ingredient, Agricultural Biotechnology, MICROSATELLITE, Zoology, computer.software_genre, Falco tinnunculus, Falco columbarius, food, GENBANK, Genetics, Podocarpus elatus, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Skeleton, Uroteuthis, [SDV.EE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment, Marmosops paulensis, biology, Database, Agricultural Sciences, Marine diatom, Falco naumanni, Diatom, biology.organism_classification, INSECTE, Podocarpus smithii, computer, ECOLOGIE, Biotechnology, Falco eleonorae
Abstract: Molecular Ecology Resources Primer Development Consortium: et al., This article documents the addition of 512 microsatellite marker loci and nine pairs of Single Nucleotide Polymorphism (SNP) sequencing primers to the Molecular Ecology Resources Database. Loci were developed for the following species: Alcippe morrisonia morrisonia, Bashania fangiana, Bashania fargesii, Chaetodon vagabundus, Colletes floralis, Coluber constrictor flaviventris, Coptotermes gestroi, Crotophaga major, Cyprinella lutrensis, Danaus plexippus, Fagus grandifolia, Falco tinnunculus, Fletcherimyia fletcheri, Hydrilla verticillata, Laterallus jamaicensis coturniculus, Leavenworthia alabamica, Marmosops incanus, Miichthys miiuy, Nasua nasua, Noturus exilis, Odontesthes bonariensis, Quadrula fragosa, Pinctada maxima, Pseudaletia separata, Pseudoperonospora cubensis, Podocarpus elatus, Portunus trituberculatus, Rhagoletis cerasi, Rhinella schneideri, Sarracenia alata, Skeletonema marinoi, Sminthurus viridis, Syngnathus abaster, Uroteuthis (Photololigo) chinensis, Verticillium dahliae, Wasmannia auropunctata, and Zygochlamys patagonica. These loci were cross-tested on the following species: Chaetodon baronessa, Falco columbarius, Falco eleonorae, Falco naumanni, Falco peregrinus, Falco subbuteo, Didelphis aurita, Gracilinanus microtarsus, Marmosops paulensis, Monodelphis Americana, Odontesthes hatcheri, Podocarpus grayi, Podocarpus lawrencei, Podocarpus smithii, Portunus pelagicus, Syngnathus acus, Syngnathus typhle,Uroteuthis (Photololigo) edulis, Uroteuthis (Photololigo) duvauceli and Verticillium albo-atrum. This article also documents the addition of nine sequencing primer pairs and sixteen allele specific primers or probes for Oncorhynchus mykiss and Oncorhynchus tshawytscha; these primers and assays were cross-tested in both species.
Published: 2009
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87. Sex and clonality in the little fire ant

Author: Denis Fournier, Jérôme Orivel, Arnaud Estoup, Gael J. Kergoat, Anne Loiseau, Julien Foucaud, Jacques H. C. Delabie, Julien Le Breton, Centre de Biologie pour la Gestion des Populations (UMR CBGP), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratorio de Mirmecologia, CEPEC-CEPLAC and UESC, Partenaires INRAE, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Evolution et Diversité Biologique (EDB), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), and Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Male, Mitochondrial DNA, Fire ant, Genotype, media_common.quotation_subject, Parthenogenesis, [SDV.BID]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity, Wasmannia, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, MALE CLONALITY, DNA, Mitochondrial, Evolution, Molecular, 03 medical and health sciences, Phylogenetics, Genetics, Animals, [SDV.BBM]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, Molecular Biology, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Coevolution, Phylogeny, 030304 developmental biology, media_common, WASMANNIA AUROPUNCTATA, [SDV.EE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment, 0303 health sciences, Natural selection, biology, Geography, Ants, [SDV.BA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Animal biology, REPRODUCTION SYSTEM, Reproduction, biology.organism_classification, French Guiana, INSECTE, Haplotypes, Evolutionary biology, SEX, Female, GENETIQUE DES POPULATIONS, Brazil, Microsatellite Repeats
Abstract: Correspondance: foucaud@supagro.inra.fr; International audience; Reproduction systems are controlling the creation of new genetic variants as well as how natural selection can operate on these variants. Therefore, they had historically been one of the main foci of evolutionary biology studies. The little fire ant, Wasmannia auropunctata, has been found to display an extraordinary reproduction system, in which both males and female queens are produced clonally. So far, native sexual populations of W. auropunctata have not been identified. Our goals were to identify such sexual populations and investigate the origins of female parthenogenesis and male clonality. Using mitochondrial DNA and microsatellite markers in 17 native populations, we found that traditional sexual populations occurred in W. auropunctata and are likely the recent source of neighboring clonal populations. Queen parthenogenesis has probably evolved several times through mutational events. Male clonality is tightly linked to queen parthenogenesis and thus appears to be female controlled. Its origin could be accounted for by 2 mutually exclusive hypotheses: either by the expected coevolution of the 2 sexes (i.e., a variant of the maternal genome elimination hypothesis) or by a shared mechanistic origin (i.e., by the production of anucleate ovules by parthenogenetic queens). Our results also show that W. auropunctata males and females do not form separate evolutionary units and are unlikely to be engaged in an all-out battle of sexes. This work opens up new perspectives for studies on the adaptive significance and evolutionary stability of mixed sexual and clonal reproduction systems in living organisms
Published: 2007
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88. Rare sexual reproduction events in the clonal reproduction system of introduced populations of the little fire ant

Author: Arnaud Estoup, Djoël Konghouleux, Anne Loiseau, Hervé Jourdan, Julien Le Breton, Julien Foucaud, Centre de Biologie pour la Gestion des Populations (UMR CBGP), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [Réunion]), and University of the Ryukyus [Okinawa]
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Male, PARTHENOGENESIS, Fire ant, Genotype, Range (biology), caste determination, reproduction system, media_common.quotation_subject, INVASION, Zoology, Wasmannia, DETERMINATION GENETIQUE, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, 03 medical and health sciences, New Caledonia, CASTE DETERMINATION, Genetics, Animals, Reproductive system, parthenogenesis, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, WASMANNIA AUROPUNCTATA, 030304 developmental biology, media_common, Demography, 0303 health sciences, BIOLOGIE DES POPULATIONS, biology, Ecology, Ants, REPRODUCTION SYSTEM, [SDV.BID.EVO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity/Populations and Evolution [q-bio.PE], Reproduction, Parthenogenesis, invasion, biology.organism_classification, Biological Evolution, Sexual reproduction, INSECTE, Female, GENETIQUE DES POPULATIONS, General Agricultural and Biological Sciences, Caste determination, Wasmannia auropunctata, Microsatellite Repeats
Abstract: Correspondance: estoup@supagro.inra.fr; International audience; A unique reproductive system has previously been described in Wasmannia auropunctata, a widespread invasive ant species, where males are produced clonally, female queens are parthenogens, and female workers are produced sexually. However, these findings were mostly based on samples originating from only a limited part of the native range of the species in South America. We used microsatellite markers to uncover the reproductive modes displayed by a large number of nests collected in various invasive W. auropunctata populations introduced 40 years ago into New Caledonia, where the species now forms a single 450-km-long supercolony. Although the main reproduction system in New Caledonia remained clonality for both male and female reproductives, we found evidence of rare sexual reproduction events that led to the production of both new queen and male clonal lineages. All clonal lineages observed in New Caledonia potentially derived from sexual reproduction, recombination, and mutation events from a single female and a single male genotype. Hence, the male and female gene pools are not strictly separated in New Caledonia and the two sexes do not follow independent evolutionary trajectories. Our results also suggest genetic determination for both parthenogenesis and caste. We discuss the evolutionary implications of the emergence of sex in the clonal reproduction system of introduced populations of W. auropunctata
Published: 2006
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89. Molecular identification of four cryptic species of Mastomys (Rodentia, Murinae)

Author: Karine Mouline, Jean-François Cosson, Anne Loiseau, Jean-Marc Duplantier, Maxime Galan, Carine Brouat, Laurent Granjon, Emilie Lecompte, Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN), Service de Systématique Moléculaire (SSM), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut für Virologie, Philipps University, Centre de Biologie pour la Gestion des Populations (UMR CBGP), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Institut de recherche pour le développement (IRD [Sénégal]), Laboratoire de Mammalogie, and Musée royal de l'Afrique centrale
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Mitochondrial DNA, Species complex, MURIDAE, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], 030231 tropical medicine, Population, Zoology, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Biochemistry, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, SIBLING SPECIES, Species identification, education, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, education.field_of_study, BIOLOGIE DES POPULATIONS, biology, Cytochrome b, mtDNA, Murinae, SPECIES IDENTIFICATION, MOLECULAR TYPING, biology.organism_classification, Restriction site, MASTOMYS, CYTOCHROME B, Mastomys, RAT, RODENTIA
Abstract: Corresponding author. cosson@supagro.inra.fr; International audience; Multimammate rats (genus Mastomys) are abundant in many regions throughout sub-Saharan Africa, and are of high economical and sanitary importance as agricultural pests as well as reservoir/vectors of human diseases. In pest management and in epidemiological studies, unequivocal species identification of individuals collected in the field is crucial. However, the discrimination among most of the Mastomys species is often difficult, if not impossible, on the basis of external characters. Karyology provides unambiguous specific assignations, but is not suitable for population studies involving large numbers of individuals because it requires fresh material and/or quick transfer from the field to the laboratory. The purpose of this study was to search for molecular markers allowing a clear discrimination of field collected individuals on the basis of ethanol-preserved samples. Using sequences of the cytochrome b region of mitochondrial DNA, two molecular tests based on species-specific primers (test 1) and restriction sites generating species-specific profiles (test 2), were designed and evaluated for species identification on a large number of karyotypically or electrophoretically unambiguously determined individuals. The tests clearly discriminate the four most widespread species. They are easy to perform on a small piece of car or tail taken from live animals, and can probably be adapted to identify museum specimens
Published: 2005
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90. Characterization and PCR multiplexing of polymorphic microsatellite loci for the locust Locusta migratoria

Author: Michel Lecoq, Arnaud Estoup, Yannis Michalakis, Anne Loiseau, Marie Pierre Chapuis, Centre de Biologie pour la Gestion des Populations (UMR CBGP), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), and Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Identification, animal structures, Locus, MICROSATELLITES, Population genetics, Locusta migratoria, Locus (genetics), Subspecies, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Biochemistry, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, Loss of heterozygosity, 03 medical and health sciences, Marqueur génétique, Genotyping, NULL ALLELES, 030304 developmental biology, LOCUST, Genetics, [SDV.EE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment, 0303 health sciences, Ecology, biology, fungi, PEST, Microsatellite, biology.organism_classification, H10 - Ravageurs des plantes, ORTHOPTERA, PCR, Genetic marker, GENETIQUE DES POPULATIONS, Locust, Génotype
Abstract: Correspondence: estoup@supagro.inra.fr; International audience; Because of the scarcity of polymorphic genetic markers available in locust species, only a few population genetics studies have been carried out on this taxon. We isolated and characterized 11 polymorphic microsatellite loci in the pest locust Locusta migratoria capito, and described experimental conditions for polymerase chain reaction (PCR) multiplexing and simultaneously genotyping these loci. The number of alleles per locus ranged from six to 25, and the expected heterozygosity ranged from 0.431 to 0.957. Results of cross-taxon amplification tests are reported in six other Locusta migratoria subspecies, six species of the Oedipodinae subfamily and two other pest locust species
Published: 2005
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91. Isolation and characterization of microsatellite loci in the codling moth Cydia pomonella L. (Lepidoptera, Tortricidae)

Author: Anne Loiseau, Benoît Sauphanor, Fabien Guérin, Pierre Franck, Unité mixte de recherche Ecologie des invertébrés (UAPV), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Avignon Université (AU), Unité de recherche Pathologie végétale et phytobactériologie, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Centre de Biologie pour la Gestion des Populations (UMR CBGP), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), and Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Tortricidae, [SDV.EE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment, education.field_of_study, Ecology, biology, Codling moth, fungi, Population, Zoology, GENETIQUE, biology.organism_classification, Lobesia botrana, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Biochemistry, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, Lepidoptera genitalia, 010602 entomology, Cydia, Microsatellite, PEST analysis, education
Abstract: Twenty-four microsatellite markers were isolated using an enrichment protocol in Cydia pomonella, the major Lepidopteran pest in apple orchards. Twenty-two loci turned out to be polymorphic (four to 23 alleles per loci). Only four of these loci cross-amplified and are potentially polymorphic in some other Tortricid pests such as Cydia molesta, Cydia lobarzewsky and Lobesia botrana. The description of these 24 loci makes microsatellite-based population genetic studies feasible in C. pomonella.
Published: 2005
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92. A microsatellite-based linkage map of the honeybee, Apis mellifera L

Author: Jean-Marie Cornuet, Florence Mougel, Anne Loiseau, Michel Solignac, Emmanuelle Baudry, and Dominique Vautrin
Subjects: Genetic Markers, Genotype, Genetic Linkage, Centromere, Locus (genetics), Biology, DNA, Ribosomal, Polymerase Chain Reaction, Genetic linkage, Genetics, Animals, Allele, Alleles, Crosses, Genetic, Genome, Models, Genetic, Chromosome Mapping, DNA, Bees, RAPD, Genetic marker, Mutation, Microsatellite, Ploidy, Microsatellite Repeats, Research Article
Abstract: A linkage map for the honeybee (Apis mellifera) was constructed mainly from the progeny of two hybrid queens (A. m. ligustica × A. m. mellifera). A total of 541 loci were mapped; 474 were microsatellite loci; a few were additional bands produced during PCRs, one of the two rDNA loci (using ITS), the MDH locus, and three sex-linked markers (Q and FB loci and one RAPD band). Twenty-four linkage groups were estimated of which 5 were minute (between 7.1 and 22.8 cM) and 19 were major groups (>76.5 cM). The number of major linkage groups exceeded by three the number of chromosomes of the complement (n = 16). The sum of the lengths of all linkage groups amounts to 4061 cM to which must be added at least 320 cM to link groups in excess, making a total of at least 4381 cM. The length of the largest linkage group I was 630 cM. The average density of markers was 7.5 cM and the average resolution was about one marker every 300 kb. For most of the large groups, the centromeric region was determined genetically, as described in Baudry et al. (2004, accompanying article in this issue), using half-tetrad analysis of thelytokous parthenogens in which diploid restoration occurs through central fusion. Several cases of segregation distortion that appreared to result from deleterious recessives were discovered. A low positive interference was also detected.
Published: 2004

93. A multiplex panel of microsatellite markers for widespread sub-Saharan rodents of the genus Mastomys

Author: Karine Berthier, Maxime Galan, Laurent Granjon, Jean-François Cosson, Anne Loiseau, W.F. van Hooft, Denis Legrand, Centre de Biologie pour la Gestion des Populations (UMR CBGP), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), and University of Antwerp (UA)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Mastomys coucha, Rodent, MASTOMYS COUCHA, MASTOMYS ERYTHROLOCUS, MICROSATELLITES, MASTOMYS NATALENSIS, Locus (genetics), MULTIPLEX-POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Biochemistry, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, 03 medical and health sciences, biology.animal, senegal, Multiplex polymerase chain reaction, MASTOMYS HUBERTI, Multiplex, Allele, Biology, 030304 developmental biology, Genetics, [SDV.EE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment, 0303 health sciences, Ecology, biology, biology.organism_classification, PE&RC, Chemistry, Mastomys, Wildlife Ecology and Conservation, Microsatellite, GENETIQUE DES POPULATIONS, RODENTIA
Abstract: We isolated and characterized 12 polymorphic microsatellite loci in the sub-Saharan rodent Mastomys huberti. We tested cross-species amplification of all these loci in three closely related Mastomys species: M. coucha, M. erythroleucus and M. natalensis. Multiplex panels comprising 11 loci were developed and their application to a set of individuals in each species allowed clear and easy characterization of allele sizes. Statistics from 31 M. huberti coming from one locality in Mali showed no deviation from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium except for one locus, and no significant linkage disequilibria between loci.
Published: 2004
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94. Characterization of nine polymorphic microsatellite loci in the fungus Botrytis cinerea (Ascomycota)

Author: Dominique Vautrin, Yves Brygoo, Anne Loiseau, Jean-Marie Cornuet, Elisabeth Fournier, Michel Solignac, Arnaud Estoup, Tatiana Giraud, Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11), Centre de Biologie pour la Gestion des Populations (UMR CBGP), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Laboratoire Evolution, Génomes et Spéciation (LEGS), and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Fungus, Botryotinia fuckeliana, 01 natural sciences, Biochemistry, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, 03 medical and health sciences, Botany, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 030304 developmental biology, Botrytis cinerea, Genetics, 0303 health sciences, Bacterial artificial chromosome, Ecology, biology, Ascomycota, fungi, food and beverages, biology.organism_classification, genomic DNA, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Microsatellite, Primer (molecular biology), 010606 plant biology & botany
Abstract: Nine microsatellite markers were characterized in the fungus Botrytis cinerea. Genomic DNA sequences from the partial sequencing of 12 000 bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) clones, were screened by BLAST for various microsatellite motives, and primer pairs were designed. Cross-amplification and polymorphism were assessed on 49 isolates from B. cinerea and two related species, collected from natural populations on several plants and locations.
Published: 2002
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95. Genetic structure of Black Grouse (Tetrao tetrix) populations of the French Alps

Author: G. Mondor, Alain Caizergues, Anne Loiseau, Jean-Yves Rasplus, Laurence N. Ellison, and Sophie Dubois
Subjects: education.field_of_study, biology, III — Méthodes D’inventaire et de Caractérisation de la Diversité Génétique en Milieu Naturel / Methods for Inventory and Characterization of Genetic Diversity in Natural Environment, Population, Population genetics, Zoology, Tetrao, General Medicine, Black grouse, biology.organism_classification, Genotype frequency, Genetic distance, Genetic structure, Genetics, Biological dispersal, Animal Science and Zoology, education, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics
Abstract: Allelic variation at eight microsatellite loci was used to assess the levels of genetic differentiation between seven natural populations of black grouse (Tetrao tetrix) in the French Alps spaced along a 250 km south-north transect. Whatever the population or locus, genotype frequencies did not deviate significantly from expected Hardy-Weinberg frequencies and no significant between-locus linkage desequilibrium was detected. Observed levels of genotypic variation were statistically significant with maximum Fst values reaching 10% for the most distant populations (250 km). An isolation-by-distance effect was detected suggesting, as expected from data on marked birds, that black grouse populations in the French Alps are interconnected by dispersal.
Published: 2001

96. Electronic effects in scanning tunneling microscopy of dendritic, Cr-filled carbon nanotubes

Author: W. Clauss, H. Pascard, F. X. Zha, David L. Carroll, Anne Loiseau, S. Roth, and Richard Czerw
Subjects: Materials science, Mechanical properties of carbon nanotubes, Nanotechnology, Spin polarized scanning tunneling microscopy, Carbon nanotube, Condensed Matter::Mesoscopic Systems and Quantum Hall Effect, Molecular physics, law.invention, Optical properties of carbon nanotubes, Condensed Matter::Materials Science, law, Filling materials, Electronic effect, Tube (fluid conveyance), Scanning tunneling microscope
Abstract: We have used ultrahigh vacuum scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) to investigate Cr-filled multiwalled carbon nanotubes. Dendritic and bamboo features were observed in this material. Anomalous contrast effects, resulting in extreme width-to-height ratios, are ascribed to tip effects as well as to intrinsic electronic properties of the filled tubes. In particular, we find that strong apparent height variations along the tube axis are sensitively dependent on the imaging bias. These results suggest that Cr filling of carbon nanotubes results in strong electronic interactions between tube and filling materials.
Published: 2001
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97. Androgenesis is a maternal trait in the invasive antWasmannia auropunctata

Author: Arnaud Estoup, Olivier Rey, Anne Loiseau, Julien Foucaud, Benoit Facon, Centre de Biologie pour la Gestion des Populations (UMR CBGP), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Station d’Ecologie Expérimentale du CNRS à Moulis (SEEM), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), and Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Male, [SDV.SA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences, maternal trait, Genotype, Population, Population genetics, Wasmannia, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, Sexual conflict, Sexual Behavior, Animal, evolution, Inbreeding depression, Animals, molecular biology, parthenogenesis, Mating, education, [SDV.BDD]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Development Biology, Crosses, Genetic, Research Articles, General Environmental Science, Genetics, education.field_of_study, Models, Genetic, General Immunology and Microbiology, biology, Ants, Reproduction, [SDV.BA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Animal biology, [SDV.BDLR]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Reproductive Biology, General Medicine, biology.organism_classification, Mating system, androgenesis, sexual conflict, Female, Introduced Species, General Agricultural and Biological Sciences, [SDV.AEN]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Food and Nutrition, Inbreeding, Wasmannia auropunctata
Abstract: Androgenesis is the production of an offspring containing exclusively the nuclear genome of the fathering male via the maternal eggs. This unusual mating system is generally considered a male trait, giving to androgenetic males a substantial fitness advantage over their sexually reproducing relatives. We here provide the first empirical study of the evolutionary outcomes of androgenesis in a haplo-diploid organism: the invasive antWasmannia auropunctata. Some of the populations of this species have a classical haplo-diploid sexual mating system. In other populations, females and males are produced through parthenogenesis and androgenesis, respectively, whereas workers are produced sexually. We conducted laboratory reciprocal-cross experiments with reproductive individuals from both types of populations and analysed their progenies with genetic markers, to determine the respective contribution of males and females to the production of androgenetic males. We found that androgenesis was a parthenogenetic female trait. A population genetic study conductedin naturaconfirmed the parthenogenetic female origin of androgenesis, with the identification of introgression events of sexual male genotypes into androgenetic/parthenogenetic lineages. We argue that by producing males via androgenesis, parthenogenetic queen lineages may increase and/or maintain their adaptive potential, while maintaining the integrity of their own genome, by occasionally acquiring new male genetic material and avoiding inbreeding depression within the sexually produced worker cast.
Published: 2013
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98. Corrigendum

Author: Michel Lecoq, Anne Loiseau, Yannis Michalakis, Marie Pierre Chapuis, and Arnaud Estoup
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Genetics, Locus (genetics), Biology, biology.organism_classification, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, 010602 entomology, Genotype, Microsatellite, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Locust, Biotechnology
Published: 2010
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99. Oviposition preference and larva performance in natural populations of Drosophila suzukii

Author: Laure Olazcuaga, Ruth Hufbauer, Julien Foucaud, Benoit Facon, Aurélien Ausset, Nicolas Leménager, Anne Loiseau, Nicolas Rode, Mathieu Gautier, Arnaud Estoup, Centre de Biologie pour la Gestion des Populations (UMR CBGP), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Peuplements végétaux et bioagresseurs en milieu tropical (UMR PVBMT), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de La Réunion (UR), and Centre Technique Interprofessionnel des Fruits et Légumes (CTIFL). FRA.
Subjects: [SDV.BA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Animal biology, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract: National audience

100. Effect of the environment on life-history traits in Drosophila suzukii

Author: Laure Olazcuaga, Julien Foucaud, Nicolas Rode, Benoit Facon, Virginie Ravigné, Aurélien Ausset, Anne Loiseau, Nicolas Leménager, Arnaud Estoup, Mathieu Gautier, Ruth Hufbauer, Centre de Biologie pour la Gestion des Populations (UMR CBGP), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Peuplements végétaux et bioagresseurs en milieu tropical (UMR PVBMT), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de La Réunion (UR), Biologie et Génétique des Interactions Plante-Parasite (UMR BGPI), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro), and Colorado State University [Fort Collins] (CSU)
Subjects: [SDV.BA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Animal biology, fungi, food and beverages
Abstract: National audience; The life-history traits of organisms can be driven by the environment. Specifically, the nutritional composition of resources can influence life-history traits in insects. In Drosophila, the ratio of protein to carbohydrate (the P:C ratio) strongly influences life history traits. However, natural resources used by Drosophila species vary in many other factors. We compare how well P:C ratios of fruit resources predict life history traits in , relative to other measures of fruit composition and fruit identity, which integrates all aspects of the resource. We evaluate how 12 different fruit purees influenced life-history traits in . Fecundity (eggs laid in 24 hours) on each fruit medium was measured in a choice and a nochoice environment. We also evaluated development time, the rate of survival from egg to adult, and the total number of adults as an estimate of total fitness. We then test whether fruit identity, composition or P:C ratio best predict life history. Fruit influenced the entire life cycle, including oviposition and larval performance as well as the number of adults produced in the next generation. Variation in these traits is best explained by fruit identity, then composition, and lastly by the P:C ratio. These results highlight the importance of considering a resource as a whole. Considering only the ratio of protein to carbohydrates is not sufficient for understanding variation in key life-history traits.

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