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This research investigates insight into how leaders could lead the rising waters of the Covid-19 pandemic with agility and compassion. Based on pertinent literature, leaders must redefine their leadership mindset to harness team behavioural change toward team dynamics in organizational resilience. Through phenomenological research of eight companies’ leaders, a proposed model was presented to define the behavioural shift that facilitates leaders in orientating team mindset while embracing compassion. The next normal needs of the organization on the change of leaders’ behaviour, implying that building unique and pleasing agile and compassionate practices would lead to an improved organizational team workplace. This focuses on leaders’ efforts to empower teams through a cohesive concept to enable long-term team success. The research contributes to the body of knowledge through its constructivist approach and identification of underlying team dynamics pivotal for organizational resilience.

A facile one-step co-precipitation approach was used in designing altered band gap energy nano SnO2 using stannous chloride dihydrate (SnCl2·2H2O) and dimethyl oxalate as precursors. Microstructure of the materials was elucidated by means of powder X-ray diffraction, selected area electron diffraction, and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy. Raman active modes at A1g + B1g + B2g + Eg indicate the tetragonal-rutile type, D4h point group and P42/mnm space group. Optical absorption near the band edge upon fitting in αhν = A(hν − Eg)n/2 yielded band gap energy of 3.2 eV. Luminescence studies demonstrate a strong dependence of defect induced emission at 380 nm. Time-decay curve of the nano SnO2 particles with an emission at 380 nm fits well to a triexponential function (I = ΣnAnexp(− t/τn)), containing a fast and slow processes with lifetime, 11.55 ns (τ1), 175.67 ns (τ2) and 0.62 ns (τ3). Cyclic voltammogram curves demonstrated quasi-rectangular shape with no redox peaks, due to the contribution of both electric double layer capacitance and Faradaic reactions. The photocatalytic efficiency of nano SnO2 was tested for degradation of malachite green oxalate dye: C52H54N4O12 + (nano SnO2/λ = 254 nm) + radical (·O2−, ·OH, ·OOH) → H2O + CO2. Nano SnO2 based sensor was tested toward ammonia gas at very low concentration. Regardless of concentration of the ammonia gas, the resistance recovers to the baseline level after stopping ammonia flow. The average time to reach 90% of the stable sensor signal (τ90) for the response is ~ 27 s and for recovery is ~ 54 s. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A facile co-precipitation technique was developed to prepare SnO2 nanoparticles using stannous chloride dihydrate (SnCl2⋅2H2O) and characterized. The photocatalytic efficiency of nano SnO2 was tested for degradation of Rhodamine B: C28H31ClN2O3 + (nano SnO2/λ = 254 nm) + reactive species (•O2−, •OH, •OOH) → H2O + CO2. In addition, mixture of Rhodamine B (RhB) and malachite green oxalate (MGO) were selected as the dual dye system (model pollutants) and their influencing factors such as concentration of mixtures (RhB + MGO), catalyst dosage, intensity of light source (254 and 365 nm), pH were also studied. Blank experiment (without catalyst) and surface adsorption indicates that Rhodamine B degrades at relatively very slow rate with k = 2.30 × 10−3 min−1 and k = 2.4 × 10−3 min−1 respectively. However, nano SnO2 induces a large increment in degradation rate corresponding with k = 4.0 × 10−3 min−1 (RhB = 8.69 × 10−6 M, catalyst 50 mg/100 mL, λ = 254 nm) and mixed dyes kRhB = 18.96 × 10−3 min−1 and kMGO = 26.5 × 10−3 min−1 were obtained. Further, the reusability of the catalyst was sustained up to three cycles and verified with XRD pattern. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A new low-cost adsorbent such as sulphuric acid modifiedStrychnos potatorumseeds (SMSP) was employed for the removal of toxic Cr(VI) ions from aqueous solution in batch and column modes. Results showed that the removal of Cr(VI) ions could be effectively removed with the SMSP in batch operation. Adsorption of Cr(VI) ions onto SMSP followed the pseudo-first-order and Redlich–Peterson models in batch operation and Thomas model in column operation. Adsorption was more favourable at acidic pH of 2.0 with the maximum monolayer adsorption capacity of 202.7 mg/g. NaOH was a better desorbing agent with the recovery of 93.245% of Cr(VI) ions. Column studies were optimized with various parameters such as bed height (2–10 cm), Cr(VI) ions concentration (50–250 mg/L) and flow rate (5–25 mL/min). According to the fact that SMSP-based adsorption process could be a promising technology for the removal of Cr(VI) ions from wastewaters. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

There has been a huge increase in diabetes and its associated cardiovascular complications over the last decade, predominantly in the middle- and low-income countries. In these countries, the majority live in rural areas. The Rural Epidemiology of Diabetes in South India (REDSI) study was aimed to analyze the prevalence of diabetes, cardiovascular risk factors, and its complications in rural farming and non-farming villages in Tamil Nadu, South India. A research survey on the prevalence of self-reported diabetes, cardiovascular risk factors (age, sex, obesity, hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, alcohol and tobacco use) and agricultural occupational exposure was executed among 106,111 people from 61 villages in the state of Tamil Nadu, South India, during 2015–2018. Overall, we observed a diabetes prevalence of 11.9% in rural South India. A nearly two-fold higher prevalence of diabetes was observed among the farming community (15.0%) compared to that among the non-farming population (8.7%). Logistic regression analyses revealed a strong association with agrochemical exposure (P < 0.0001) and diabetes prevalence among rural farming people. Our survey indicates a high prevalence of diabetes in rural South India particularly among the farming community. This survey in conjunction with other epidemiological and experimental studies raises the need for understanding the etiology of diabetes and other cardiovascular risk factors in rural communities.

Strychnos potatorumseeds have been utilized for the preparation of adsorbent, surface modifiedS. potatorumseeds (SMSP), by sulfuric acid treatment with 1:2 ratios of precursor to sulfuric acid. The adsorption process depends on the solution pH, adsorbent dose, contact time, initial Ni(II) ions concentration, and temperature. The adsorption kinetics of Ni(II) ions removal by the SMSP was relatively fast and it reaches the equilibrium at 30 min. The maximum removal of Ni(II) ions was observed at an optimum conditions: pH of 5.0, adsorbent dose of 5 g/L, contact time of 30 min, and at temperature of 30°C for an initial Ni(II) ions concentration of 100 mg/L. In order to investigate the adsorption kinetics for the removal of Ni(II) ions by SMSP, pseudo-first-order and pseudo-second-order kinetic models were studied. It was observed that the pseudo-second-order kinetic model fits the experimental data better than the pseudo-first-order kinetic model with good coefficient of determination values. Adsorption mechanism was discussed with different models such as intraparticle diffusion, Boyd kinetic, and shrinking core models. It was observed that the adsorption process was controlled by both film and particle diffusion. The effective diffusivity and diffusivity values were estimated from the Boyd kinetic and shrinking core models, respectively. Adsorption isotherm data were tested with the Langmuir, Freundlich, Temkin, and Dubinin–Radushkevich models. It was observed that the Freundlich model fits the isotherm data better than other isotherm models with good coefficient of determination values. The Freundlich constant “n” was found to be of 3.888 g/L which indicates that the adsorption of Ni(II) ions onto the SMSP followed the physical process. The thermodynamic parameters such as change in free energy, enthalpy, and entropy were also calculated. It was found that the adsorption process was spontaneous and exothermic in nature. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Solvent controlled electron transfer reaction between Co(en)Br(L) and Fe(CN)- proceeds through ion-pair, {Co(en)Br(L); Fe(CN)} formation. Reduction of cobalt(III) complex was followed in 0-30%v/v aqueous ethanol solutions in which solvent caged mechanism was found to be operative. The solvent influence on the reaction was investigated using linear and multiple regression analyses Y = Y + a X + a X + a X ...a X correlation relationship). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The thermal and photochemistry of oxalato bis(polypyridyl)chromium(III) complexes have been studied. The rate constants for the thermal aquation reactions have been determined and the quantum yield for the photoaquation has been estimated as a function of excitation wavelength and pH of the solution. The quantum yield for photoaquation varies from 7×10 to 10 depending upon the pH of the solution and wavelength of excitation. The activation parameters for the thermal reactions have been estimated for the systems investigated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bilateral pulmonary arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) are rare and are often associated with the hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia (HHT/Osler–Weber–Rendu) syndrome. We present a woman who presented with neurological symptoms due to a cerebral abscess. On further evaluation, bilateral pulmonary AVMs were identified. The patient was diagnosed with HHT, based on positive family history and multiple cerebral AVMs recognized on subsequent catheter angiogram, in addition to the presence of bilateral pulmonary AVMs. Craniotomy with drainage of the brain abscess and endovascular embolization of the pulmonary AVMs was offered to the patient. As a preembolization work-up, the patient underwent nuclear lung perfusion scan with technetium-99m macroaggregated albumin (Tc-99m MAA) to assess the right-to-left shunt secondary to the pulmonary AVMs. Postembolization follow-up perfusion scan was also obtained to estimate the hemodynamic response. The case is presented to describe the role of Tc-99m MAA perfusion lung scan in preoperatively evaluating patients with pulmonary AVMs and to emphasize on the scan's utility in posttreatment follow-up. Various present day usages of the Tc-99m MAA lung perfusion scan, other than diagnosing pulmonary thromboembolism, are discussed. Providing background knowledge on the physiological and hemodynamic aspects of the Tc-99m MAA lung perfusion scan is also attempted. Various imaging pitfalls and necessary precautions while performing Tc-99m MAA lung perfusion scan are highlighted.

Retroaortic innominate vein is an uncommon variant reported in patients with congenital heart disease. However, isolated retroaortic innominate vein without associated cardiac or arch anomalies is extremely rare. We present a case of a 68-year-old man who was found to have this anomalous variant incidentally on computed tomography (CT) of the thorax. We also briefly discuss its associations, embryology, and clinical significance.

This systematic review was designed to answer the following question: Does chitosan provide better smear layer removal and antimicrobial efficacy than other root canal irrigants? A literature search was done using electronic databases PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, EBSCO host, Grey Literature Report, and Open Grey from inception to June 18, 2024. The reference lists of included articles were also hand-searched. Two reviewers independently assessed the studies' eligibility based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria and performed data extraction. Two reviewers independently evaluated the risk of bias in the selected studies. The search retrieved 2330 studies. After analysis, 36 studies fulfilled the eligibility criteria and were included, with 19 involving smear layer removal, 16 involving antibacterial efficacy, and 1 involving both. The overall risk of bias of the included studies was medium. Chitosan removed the smear layer more effectively than citric acid and acetic acid, similar to MTAD and Qmix, with conflicting results against EDTA. In addition, chitosan demonstrated comparable antibacterial efficacy to chlorhexidine, propolis, and photodynamic therapy but was less effective than sodium hypochlorite. Based on available evidence, it was found that chitosan provided better smear layer removal and antimicrobial efficacy than most root canal irrigants compared in this systematic review. There was substantial heterogeneity in the methodology of included studies. As a result, this review highly recommends further research using standardized methods to assess the effectiveness of chitosan as a root canal irrigant in in-vitro studies to validate its clinical use., Competing Interests: Declarations. Conflict of interest: Authors report no conflict of interest related to this study. Ethical approval: Not applicable. Consent to participate: Not applicable., (© 2024. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to The Society of The Nippon Dental University.)

In this study, we synthesized mixed ligand complexes of the cis -[Co(tn) 2 (Rpy)Br]Br 2 type using a novel mechanochemical approach. Characterization involved spectral measurements and single crystal X-ray diffraction analysis, confirming the structure of the cis -[Co(tn) 2 (4-Mepy)Br]Br 2 complex. The single crystal refinement data revealed a monoclinic crystal system with a distorted octahedral geometry. The choice of the sixth ligand influenced the emission and magnetic properties, showing a ferromagnetic character in the Co(iii)-complex environment. We investigated efficient electron transfer to the cobalt(iii) center using TiO 2 nanoparticles under UV-light irradiation. The adsorption characteristics of cis -[Co(tn) 2 (Rpy)Br]Br 2 in aqueous 2-propanol varied, leading to surface compound formation. Under UV irradiation, the anatase surface exhibited remarkable adsorption capabilities, facilitating efficient electron transfer to the Co(iii) center and resulting in a high photoefficiency for Co(ii) formation. Our study has put forward a model for interfacial electron transfer (IET), taking into account the overlap between the TiO 2 conduction band and the acceptor level of the Co center, as well as the electronic coupling between the donor level of the Ti center and the acceptor level of the Co center. This model sheds light on the accumulation of electrons for reducing the adhered complex ion. The IET process was corroborated by the conversion of 2-propanol into acetone, as verified by 1 H NMR technique. Overall, our findings provide novel insights into the role of the Rpy moiety in modifying the structure of the TiO 2 -cobalt(iii)-Rpy compound and propose a mechanism for IET reactions, thus advancing the field., Competing Interests: There are no conflicts to declare., (This journal is © The Royal Society of Chemistry.)

The photochemical reduction approach, distilled H 2 O with Pr i OH as the solvent medium, was used to create and characterise the conversion of Co 3+ to Co 2+ integrated on CeO 2 /SnO 2 . The PXRD, IR, SEM, HR-TEM, VSM, and XPS results show that the materials generated have appropriate crystallisation form and retain the hollow spherical structure of Co-CeO 2 /SnO 2 . The performance of several UV-light energetic photocatalysts and the reaction pathways for inorganic complex degradation are addressed, emphasising the main elements contributing to their mineralisation. Reaction mechanisms, identification and quantification of degradation intermediates, and effects of reactive active species were described and analysed for each modelled target inorganic pollutant category. The ternary (Co 3+ /Co 2+ )/CeO 2 /SnO 2 materials were hypothesised to improve the photocatalytic activity by increasing the transport rate of e CB - impurities as a result of accelerating the practical separation of electron-hole (e - /h + ) pairs. Then, it exhibits high cycling stability by successfully reducing the pulverisation of Co-CeO 2 /SnO 2 electrode materials due to volume expansion and a high specific capacity of 827 F g -1 (1 A g -1 ) while maintaining a high current density of 5 A g -1 . GCD and impedance spectroscopy studies were also carried out to analyse charge-discharge cycles and sample stability. This exceptional electrochemical performance suggests that Co-CeO 2 /SnO 2 are promising for high-performance energy storage systems., Competing Interests: There are no conflicts of interest to declare., (This journal is © The Royal Society of Chemistry.)

Background: Tuberculosis-associated immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (TB-IRIS) is a clinical aggravation of TB symptoms observed among a fraction of HIV coinfected patients shortly after the start of antiretroviral therapy (ART). Of note, TB-IRIS is characterized by exacerbated inflammation and tissue damage that occurs in response to the elevated production of CD4 + T cell-derived IFN-γ. Nevertheless, the possible participation of CD8 + T cells in TB-IRIS development remains unclear., Methods: We performed a comprehensive assessment of the composition of CD8 + T cell memory subsets and their association with circulating inflammation-related molecules in TB-HIV coinfected patients initiating ART., Results: We found that TB-IRIS individuals display higher frequencies of Antigen-experienced CD8 + T cells during the onset of IRIS and that the levels of these cells positively correlate with baseline mycobacterial smear grade. TB-IRIS individuals exhibited higher frequencies of effector memory and lower percentages of naïve CD8 + T cells than their Non-IRIS counterparts. In both TB-IRIS and Non-IRIS patients, ART commencement was associated with fewer significant correlations among memory CD8 + T cells and cells from other immune compartments. Networks analysis revealed distinct patterns of correlation between each memory subset with inflammatory cytokines suggesting different dynamics of CD8 + T cell memory subsets reconstitution. TB-IRIS patients displayed lower levels of memory cells positive for CXCR3 (a chemokine receptor that plays a role in trafficking activated CD8 + T cells to the tissues) than Non-IRIS individuals before and after ART. Furthermore, we found that CXCR3 + naïve CD8 + T cells were inversely associated with the risk of TB-IRIS development. On the other hand, we noticed that the frequencies of CXCR3 + effector CD8 + T cells were positively associated with the probability of TB-IRIS development., Conclusion: Our data suggest that TB-IRIS individuals display a distinct profile of memory CD8 + T cell subsets reconstitution after ART initiation. Moreover, our data point to a differential association between the frequencies of CXCR3 + CD8 + T cells and the risk of TB-IRIS development. Collectively, our findings lend insights into the potential role of memory CD8 + T cells in TB-IRIS pathophysiology., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2022 Tibúrcio, Narendran, Barreto-Duarte, Queiroz, Araújo-Pereira, Anbalagan, Nayak, Ravichandran, Subramani, Antonelli, Satagopan, Anbalagan, Porter, Sher, Swaminathan, Sereti and Andrade.)

Most persons living with HIV (PLWH) experience a significant restoration of their immunity associated with successful inhibition of viral replication after antiretroviral therapy (ART) initiation. Nevertheless, with the robust quantitative and qualitative restoration of CD4 + T-lymphocytes, a fraction of patients co-infected with tuberculosis develop immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (TB-IRIS), a dysregulated inflammatory response that can be associated with significant tissue damage. Several studies underscored the role of adaptive immune cells in IRIS pathogenesis, but to what degree T lymphocyte activation contributes to TB-IRIS development remains largely elusive. Here, we sought to dissect the phenotypic landscape of T lymphocyte activation in PLWH coinfected with TB inititating ART, focusing on characterization of the profiles linked to development of TB-IRIS. We confirmed previous observations demonstrating that TB-IRIS individuals display pronounced CD4 + lymphopenia prior to ART initiation. Additionally, we found an ART-induced increase in T lymphocyte activation, proliferation and cytotoxicity among TB-IRIS patients. Importantly, we demonstrate that TB-IRIS subjects display higher frequencies of cytotoxic CD8 + T lymphocytes which is not affected by ART. Moreover, These patients exhibit higher levels of activated (HLA-DR + ) and profilerative (Ki-67 + ) CD4 + T cells after ART commencenment than their Non-IRIS counterparts. Our network analysis reveal significant negative correlations between Total CD4 + T cells counts and the frequencies of Cytotoxic CD8 + T cells in our study population which could suggest the existance of compensatory mechanisms for Mtb-infected cells elimination in the face of severe CD4 + T cell lymphopenia. We also investigated the correlation between T lymphocyte activation profiles and the abundance of several inflammatory molecules in plasma. We applied unsupervised machine learning techniques to predict and diagnose TB-IRIS before and during ART. Our analyses suggest that CD4 + T cell activation markers are good TB-IRIS predictors, whereas the combination of CD4 + and CD8 + T cells markers are better at diagnosing TB-IRIS patients during IRIS events Overall, our findings contribute to a more refined understanding of immunological mechanisms in TB-IRIS pathogenesis that may assist in new diagnostic tools and more targeted patient management., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2021 Tibúrcio, Barreto-Duarte, Naredren, Queiroz, Anbalagan, Nayak, Ravichandran, Subramani, Antonelli, Satagopan, Anbalagan, Porter, Sher, Swaminathan, Sereti and Andrade.)