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E-business as one of the ICT infrastructure has experienced a high growth in last three decade, such that the approach and planning of the organization to enter the global market and attract the new customer has been affected in this regard. However the application of E-business in commercial activities requires attention to a range of internal and external factors affecting it. Due to these factors and planning businesses for optimal use of e-business technologies these appliances not only will ensure the success of the operation but also it can provide the business growth. One of the items that may be affected by the implementation of e-business is the structure of the organization. Following the changes in the organizational structure, many other fields will be changed in the organization. One of the most important fields is the role and responsibilities of mangers. In this paper the impact of implication of E-business in three factors of organization structures including controlling, standardization of integration and centralization of the role of middle manager position will be reviewed.

We report on a significant discrepancy between recently published, highly accurate variational calculations and precise measurements of the spectrum of Rydberg states in $^{87}\mathrm{Rb}$ on the energy scale of fine splitting. Introducing a modified effective single-electron potential, we determine the spectrum of the outermost bound electron from a standard WKB approach. Overall very good agreement with precise spectroscopic data is obtained.

At present, social networking sites have provided an appropriate context for advertisement. Previous studies have investigated the attitudes toward advertisement in the traditional media and on the internet; however, there has been little examination of attitudes towards social network advertising. The very aim of the present study is to investigate the influential factors affecting the attitudes towards social network advertising. To achieve this aim, a structural model was formulated to analyse and test the factors present among users of an Iranian social networking site. The results revealed that factors such as entertainment, product information, social image, good for the economy, credibility, interactivity, materialism, and value corruption affect the attitudes towards social network advertising while the factor of irritation is not influential.

A new session. We again want to talk about cryodynamics, but this time on its applications. We talked about the theory in two previous sessions. My question is as follows; what is the application of cryodynamics to cosmology? What are the new results that we arrive at?

Let us discuss a new topic. In Chap. 9 we talked about cosmology and the Olemach theorem. Now I would like to propose a combined question; can one think about evolution from a dynamical-systems point of view?

There is a paper by Jim Yorke . He tried to find a mathematical model of the taffy pulling machines as a chaotic system. I am interested in your ideas concerning taffy as an example of chaos. Can we see hyperchaos in this example? And what is the importance of this physical model? Is it only a plaything or does it have consequences in chaos theory?

The concept of spin is important in quantum mechanics. Do you think quantum mechanics can present a complete explanation for it? Does this concept have a correspondence in classical physics as well? How do you explain it? In quantum mechanics, it is somehow explained with Planck’s constant. What is your explanation of the spin?

In this session we want to consider the subject of human language. There are different viewpoints on the evolution of language held by philosophers, but I want to look at human languages from a dynamical-systems point of view. Before concentrating on language as a dynamical system, I would like to ask you; how do you look at the history and evolution of language? What is the difference between human communication on the one hand and that of other animals or life forms on the other?

In the previous session we talked about endophysics. Now I want to continue with this topic by asking the question; what is Everett’s main idea, and what is the relation between your own idea of endophysics and that of Everett?

You are around 50 years old in our story. Maybe it is a good idea to talk in this session and perhaps in two sessions about the connection between cosmology and your ideas?

Last time we talked about chaos and hyperchaos, while you were around 38, let us continue from this age.

In this session let us conclude the previous 24 sessions with the following question. You have worked and commented on a lot of topics in our previous interviews; do you consider the whole field to be rational, or are there some totally open things that need explanation, too? What is the meaning of rationalism in science?

The book you hold in your hands is the outcome of the "ISCS2013: Interdisciplinary Symposium on Complex Systems" held at the historical capital of Bohemia as a continuation of our series of symposia in the science of complex systems. Prague, one of the most beautiful European cities, has its own beautiful genius loci. Here, a great number of important discoveries were made and many important scientists spent fruitful and creative years to leave unforgettable traces. The perhaps most significant period was the time of Rudolf II who was a great supporter of the art and the science and attracted a great number of prominent minds to Prague. This trend would continue. Tycho Brahe, Niels Henrik Abel, Johannes Kepler, Bernard Bolzano, August Cauchy Christian Doppler, Ernst Mach, Albert Einstein and many others followed developing fundamental mathematical and physical theories or expanding them. Thus in the beginning of the 17th century, Kepler formulated here the first two of his three laws of planetary motion on the basis of Tycho Brahes observations. In the 19th century, nowhere differentiable continuous functions (of a fractal character) were constructed here by Bolzano along with a treatise on infinite sets, titled Paradoxes of Infinity (1851). Weierstrass would later publish a similar function in 1872. In 1842, Doppler as a professor of mathematics at the Technical University of Prague here first lectured about a physical effect to bear his name later. And the epoch-making physicist Albert Einstein while being a chaired professor of theoretical physics at the German University of Prague arrived at the decisive steps of his later finished theory of general relativity during the years 19111912. In Prague, also many famous philosophers and writers accomplished their works; for instance, playwright arel ape coined the word "robot" in Prague (robot comes from the Czech word robota which means forced labor).

We enter the third session. You are now 35 years old and you just obtained a special folder from the United States that contained several papers on chaos, one of which was the Ed Lorenz paper

In this session I would like to come back to cryodynamics again. Let me ask you to explain it from the basis of the T-tube model, its structure and conception. In addition, I plan to ask you one question; I saw a paper outside physics of 2008 by Professor Zadeh, titled “Is there a need for fuzzy logic?” After more than 40 years of work he confronted this question and tried to answer it. The question came from a professor of electrical engineering who had put the whole fuzzy logic into question in that paper. Zadeh’s paper was a whole-hearted response. Let me ask you the same question here: Is there any need for cryodynamics? And if so, what is it?

We talked on cosmology in Chap. 8 and I suggest we continue a little more. I would like to ask you, what are your ideas about the speed of light, about relativity theory, and what are your new contributions to these topics? Which insights do you consider important and what are the implications regarding cosmology?

You are now 26 years old. Our last point was that you lost your position at Max Planck because your stipend had finished. Now, please, continue: What happened after that?

In this session we will change the subject and come back to more fundamental questions in physics. The main subject I propose to talk about is the many body problem. As a first step, let me ask you; what is a two-body system? What are the special points? And if you like, we can then add a further body and discuss the phenomena characteristic of three-body systems?

My first question: When did you first encounter the philosophy of science? When was that important point in your life?

In today’s discussion I would like to address some fundamental questions. We have the famous list of the 23 Hilbert problems, some of which have been solved, some incompletely solved, some of which are still open problems, and some have been considered to be very vague. The “sixth Hilbert problem” was proposed belatedly at the end of the 1930s. This I would like to address.

In the previous session, we talked about evolution. Another subject with the potential for one or two sessions is symmetry. Let us talk about symmetry in nature, symmetry in mathematics and symmetry in physical laws. At first, let me ask you: How do you define symmetry? And secondly, what are your thoughts on symmetry in physical laws? Can you, please, give a definition of symmetry in general?

In our new session we are going to talk about cryodynamics. Let me start with statistical mechanics. We have some postulates or axioms in thermodynamics, calling them “first law,” “second law,” “third law” and even “zeroth law.” Altogether we have four laws that we can call axioms, but some of them can apparently be derived from one of the others.

Let us try to explain how the universe evolved. After our talking about biological evolution, let me ask, can we speak of a Darwinian dynamics in cosmology?

We already talked about the brain equation in detail, and we made the connection to dynamical systems and biology. It may be a good idea to talk about intelligences. What is human intelligence? And what about intelligence in animals? What does it mean if one animal is smarter than another? Can you make a link between the brain equation and this topic?

In this session I would like to ask a somewhat different question. It actually is motivated by Einstein. Can one expect a good influence of religion on the study of physics and its progress? Often one finds the opposite opinion among physicists—that as soon as we have progress in physics we do not need religion anymore. Some go as far as to say that we do not need God anymore for explaining the whole thing. I would like to ask you, what is your opinion in this respect and do you believe there is an interaction between religion and physics? Can they mutually motivate each other or are they completely insulated from one another?

Let us continue with the scientific biographical interview. Now you are between 45 and 50 years old. Let us start out with the meaning of infinity in mathematics and physics.What is the meaning of infinity in nature?

In the last three decades, development of new information and communication technology has affected the methods of bank services to the customers. The points that are very important to notice are active and provident characteristics of electronic banking in comparison to traditional banking, but despite positive characteristics of electronic banking, it does not have any dependable place among customers yet. In this regard, present research offers a compound model of traditional and online factors effects on customers trust in electronic banking and widespread advertisements. For this purpose, we have used a standard questionnaire on the basis of Likert dividing. 383 customers of Iran Mellat bank branch in Shiraz have been tested randomly. Information analyses have been done with the method of descriptive and deductive statistics and using statistics software Amos20. The results show that both traditional and website bank characteristics influence customers trust in electronic banking, also the coordinator role of traditional services quality in relation with traditional characteristics with trust in electronic banking was rejected.

Brand equity is considered as a fundamental concept of digital world business setting so that influences marketing strategies considerably. In addition, service sector's share in Gross Domestic Production (GDP) of developed countries shows significant dependency of economy of these countries on service sector of business. This study investigates factors influence brand equity according to Aaker's model. A considerable portion of Iranian population includes juvenile ages and they are to obtain more effective training and education services in order to gain better social position in the future. So, educational institutions care about brand equity of their services. Data are gathered using questionnaires through random sampling in this study and the analysis of them is performed by regression analysis (RA), confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), and structural equation modeling (SEM) with computer softwares of SPSS, LISREL, and PLS.

Integrating marketing principles with IT suggests new developed models for the marketing world such as viral marketing (VM). On the other hand, lots of prior studies have theoretically articulated and empirically examined the fact that trust is the essence of any human interaction especially for the online activities. Grounded on the viral marketing and trust literature, this descriptive and applied study, was targeted to integrate trust and viral marketing through the technology acceptance model (TAM). The purpose of this study is to evaluate the consumers’ trust effect on viral marketing acceptance. Respondents to the questionnaire are 69 experts responsible for the selection and purchase of the medical equipment in Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Iran. This study is originated from the perspective of the graduated consumers whose behaviors look different from the average. Applying a census-based methodology and statistical analysis, especially path analysis, the study showed that trust plays an important role in the attitude toward engaging in VM and in the intention of the consumers to engage and finally to actual use of VM by the experts. This study verified TAM too. It was followed by some managerial implications for the companies in order to design their viral marketing campaigns to be more successful. Finally, considering the findings and the limitations of this study, some academic suggestions for further researches have been made.

Today, using marketing methods based on an mix of services(7P)and application of promotion tools which are easily imitable for all banks is not responding in the totally competitive and changing environment of financial institutions. Therefore, most of successful banks in the world, along with the the application of customer-oriented strategies have started to use relationship marketing based on the establishment and maintenance of a long term relationship with customers. The present study, regarding the importance of the current issue, investigated the effect of four social factors, quality of services, information interchange and Monitor relationships and their effects on the satisfaction of key customers of Saderat Bank. The data were accumulated through questionnaires and analyzed by the tests of regressionand Pearson & Friedman correlation coefficient .The ANOVAs table and analyses of hypotheses confirmed the four research hypotheses. Based on the results, the services factor was placed on the top having the largest correlation coefficient followed with the factors of information exchange, supervision of relationships and social factor which indicated a positive significant relationship with customers satisfaction.

As a result of the popularity and growth of social networks, consumers often rely on recommendations and suggestions from online friends to make buying decisions. Through social commerce, people are driven from inefficient individual decisions toward collaborative decision-making with higher efficiency. In this paper, we study the factors that affect customer decisions on the purchase of recommended products and services in the context of social commerce. A total of 327 individuals on three popular social networks in Iran (i.e. Facebook, Cloob, and Telegram) were surveyed. Analysis of the results using the PLS-SEM approach revealed that:(1) Social commerce constructs has a positive effect on social support and relationship quality. (2) Perceived usefulness has a positive effect on relationship quality and intention to purchase. (3) social support has a positive effect on relationship quality and (4) relationship quality has a positive effect on intention to purchase.

As coastal production costs in many countries, producers are moving inland to remain competitive with othercountries. Also, container transport volumes continue to grow, the sea flow generates almost proportional inlandflow; the links with hinterland will become critical factors for the seaports functionality. Development of dryports is an important part of intermodal transport which play an important role in improving hinterlands.Successful implementation dry port depends on identification and description of required capabilities to developadvanced intermediate terminal, discover existing deficiency in these capabilities and their effects of each other.This article fill the gaps of implementation of dry ports by offering a conceptual model. To do so, this currentstudy is done in a complicated process in five stages of: review of literature, Delphi, Gap analysis, fuzzyDematel and Structural equation modeling (SEM). 17 indexes of Delphi model were extracted and classified in 8groups. The identified gap and causal relations enabled presentation of a model which was tested and verified byPartial Least Squares (PLS).

Social network sites such as Facebook are considered as a subcategory of social media. These services have attracted the attention of the researchers and prompted them to investigate and analyse the users' attitudes and behaviours in these sites. The aim of this research is to investigate the factors affecting social networks users' satisfaction. To achieve this aim, a structural model was applied to analyse and test these factors among the Iranian users of a social network site. The results indicated that factors, such as time responsiveness, usefulness, hedonic values, ease of use, format, perceived privacy and personalisation, are influential in social networks users' satisfaction, but utilitarian values have no effects on users' satisfaction with social networks.

Today more than ever customer orientation as the most important competitive advantage has gained an increasing importance. This paper aims to examine the relation between store image, perceived quality, customer satisfaction, and re-purchase intention in Iranian department stores. This is a descriptive survey study. The statistical population of the research is composed of customers of the three major chain department stores in Iran. The sample size estimated to be 1227. Data gathering instrument was a self administered questionnaire and structural equation modeling (SEM) is used for the data analysis.Findings indicate that in Iranian department stores perceived quality affects store image, customer satisfaction, and re-purchase intention. Also customer satisfaction affects repurchase intention. Moreover, the store brand image affects customer satisfaction.

An optimistic scenario is sketched which only at first sight appears unrealistic. The ingredients go back to the names of Zwicky and Chandrasekhar. Thermodynamics is not the only basis on which to build macroscopic machines. The recently described sister discipline of cryodynamics is characterized by a decrease in entropy and enables thereby, in conjunction with the entropy increase of thermodynamics, an eternally recycling cosmos. A first down-to-earth application is proposed that would be highly beneficial in stabilizing hot fusion. Skepticism and hope still are in balance but a new industrial age with unlimited energy is proposed to be dawning.

Nowadays, regarding its widespread and extensive competition, polymeric fittings and pipe industry is in need of using applicable systems in identifying, attracting, and retaining customers. Therefore, Customer Knowledge Management (CKM) system, which aims at promoting and perfecting the quality of customer-organization inter-relation, can be of great help and assistance to those organizations dealing with this type of industry. Consequently, the aim of the present article is to investigate and assess the four dimensions of CKM in polymeric pipe & fitting manufacturers in one of the strongest and most active centers, Isfahan province. The results reveal that the organizations dealing with this type of industry are demonstrating a very weak and feeble connection among the four dimensions of Content, Competence, Collaboration, and Composition of CKM.

As e-commerce grows across industries worldwide , business are building web sites for presence as well as for online business. It is more than transferring current business operations to a new medium. This situation requires explaining main models, changing infrastructures, and notice to customer needs as their vital rights. Whilst increasing numbers of firms have launched themselves on the Internet, they are trying to consideration of the strategic implications of developing, implementing or running a Web site. Global competition, laws, and customer preferences are among the issues being affected by e-commerce. In this study many factors that effect on e-commerce are considered these factors have no technical issue in nature. Companies related factors, customers’ knowledge, customers’ trust and customers’ behavior are the main effective factors in development of B2C e-commerce. In this research we surveyed the mentioned aspects by offering questionnaire to experts of e-commerce for companies. The results show there is a meaningful relationship between perception, knowledge, trust and attitude of customers and the company’s capabilities in the other side with B2C e-commerce development.

The main aim of this work is finding a practical method which is based on a mathematical model to cure the breast cancer. This model with certain values of parameters could exhibit a chaotic behavior. Consequently, we achieve this goal by controlling chaos and find the best adjustable control parameter in order to control the malignancy.

In this work, we have considered each chaotic system as a complex system and have explained our reasons for this consideration. In addition, “complexity” has been considered as a fuzzy concept. By combining these two viewpoints, the main aim of this work is presenting the theoretical foundations of a method to find and then compare the complexity degrees of the chaotic systems with each other. It should be noted that as a first step, we focus our attention on chaotic systems with determined (mathematical) models.