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Purpose: This study aimed at analyzing the effect of innovative approaches and customer loyalty among retail business in Gabes Town. Methodology: The study used descriptive research design in the collection of data. The target population was drawn from four hundred and fifty retail business in Gabes town. Through Stratified proportionate random Sampling technique a total of one hundred and thirty five respondents was obtained. Results: Differentiation is a viable strategy for earning above average returns in a specific business because the resulting brand loyalty lowers customers’ sensitivity to price. Differentiation creates a better entry barrier. Retail business in Gabes town use focus strategy on a particular buyer group, product segment, or geographical market. Conclusion: This study concluded that cost leadership strategy, requires a continuous search for cost reductions in all aspects of the business. Recommendation: The study recommended that retail business in Gabes town should ensure continued capital investment to maintain cost advantage through economies of scale and market share. The study also recommended that the businesses should develop cheaper ways to produce existing products.

Sudden cardiac death (SCD) and significant ventricular arrhythmias in patients with dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) have been markedly reduced over the last couple of decades as a result of the advances in pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatment. Primary prevention implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD) plays an important role in the treatment of patients at risk of SCD caused by ventricular arrhythmias. However, the arrhythmic risk stratification in patients with DCM remains extremely challenging, and the decision for primary prevention ICD implantation based on left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) solely appears to be insufficient. This review provides an update on current evidence for primary prevention ICD implantation, arrhythmic risk stratification, and left ventricular reverse remodeling (LVRR) prediction in patients with DCM in addition to most recent guideline recommendations for primary prevention ICD implantation in DCM patients and a proposed multiparametric algorithm based on arrhythmic risk stratification and left ventricular reverse remodeling (LVRR) prediction to better identify patients who are likely to benefit from primary prevention ICD.

Livestock industry is an essential part of Pakistan's economy, and a variety of ruminants (including sheep and goats) are reared for the increasing demand of milk, meat and hide products. Haemoparasitic illnesses such as

Background: Ureteric injuries are not uncommon in obstetric and gynaecologic surgeries. Some specific procedures predispose to these injuries. Recognition is often delayed. This study aims to present a single-center experience on the presentation, risk factors, and management of ureteric injuries. Methodology: We retrospectively reviewed case files of patients primarily presenting or referred to our urology division with ureteric injuries following obstetrics or gynaecologic surgeries from June, 2005 to May, 2015. Data extracted included the time of presentation or recognition, the specific offending surgery, the laterality and site involved, the repair performed, and outcome. Results: Twenty-three patients had injuries (with a total of 25 ureters involved owing to 2 bilateral injuries). Caesarian-section is the commonest offending surgery in 13 (56.5%). The reasons for early recognition were sudden anuria in two and urinary leakage in the operating field in four patients constituting 26.0%, while 17 (74.0%) were recognized in the post-operative period. Urinary fistulae were the commonest presentation in 13 (76.5%) patients recognized postoperatively. Transection and ligation are the commonest mechanisms of injury. The distal third was the site involved in all patients, while ureteroneocystostomy alone was the most predominant repair in 18 (72.0%). Ureteroneocystostomy with Psoas hitch and Boari flap reconstruction was offered in six (24.0%) suggesting greater than 5cm ureteral loss. Conclusions: Ureteric injuries often occur following obstetrics and gynaecologic surgeries. Caesarian-section is the commonest predisposing surgery in our center. Prompt recognition and repair is recommended.

The natural resources of Ethiopian high-altitude ecosystems are commonly perceived as increasingly threatened by devastating land-use practices owing to decreasing lowland resources. Quantified time-series data of the course of land-use cover changes are still needed. Very high-resolution digital data on the historical landscape over the recent decades are needed for determining the impacts of changes in afro-alpine ecosystems. However, digital elevation models (DEMs) and orthomosaics do not exist for most afro-alpine ecosystems of Africa. We processed the only available and oldest historical aerial photographs for Ethiopia and, to the best of our knowledge, for any afro-alpine ecosystem. Here, we provide both DEM and orthomosaic images for the years 1967 and 1984 for the Bale Mountains in Ethiopia, which comprise the largest afro-alpine ecosystem in Africa. We used 298 historical aerial photographs captured in 1967 and 1984 for generating DEMs and orthomosaics with Structure from Motion Multi View Stereo Photogrammetry along an elevation gradient from 977 to 4377 m above sea level (asl) at spatial resolutions of 0.84 m and 0.98 m for the years 1967 and 1984, respectively. Our datasets can be used by researchers and policymakers for (1) watershed management, as the area provides water for more than 30 million people; (2) landscape management; (3) detailed mapping and analysis of geological and archaeological features, as well as natural resources; (4) analyses of geomorphological processes; and (5) biodiversity research.

This study assessed the effects of monetary policy on output growth and inflation rate between 1986 and 2020 in Nigeria. The study employed theoretical perspective of Keynesian Reformulated Quantity Theory of Money. Time series data on Monetary Policy Rate (MPR), Money Supply (M2) and Gross Fixed Capital Formation were obtained. The data were analysed using the Vector Error Correction Models. The study found that while monetary policy tools such as MPR and M2 have insignificant impact on inflation in the long run, their impacts were significant on real output growth. This suggests that inflationary pressure in Nigeria is not monetary driven in the long run. In terms of the short run, the study found that real output growth responds negatively to inflation rate, but positively to M2 and Monetary Policy Rate (MPR). Other findings from the study include (i) expansionary monetary policy characterised by lowering MPR and rising M2, fuels inflation in the short run, and this hurts real output growth, and (ii) MPR is driven by the lag values of real output growth, inflation rate, and money supply. For an effective monetary policy, the study suggests that efforts should be geared towards expanding financial inclusion and investment in Nigeria. The study also suggests the need for proper management of macroeconomic environment so as to stabilize inflation given that unstable macroeconomic environment also impacts negatively on real output growth.

A 30-year old male Business man presented at the accident and emergency unit of Abnira Medical Centre in Jos city on account of inability to pass urine for over fifteen hours. There was concomitant excruciating lower abdominal pain and swelling that is tender to touch. A positive history of generalized weakness, fatigue, nausea, heamaturia was given. However, no fever, vomiting, headache nor history of fainting attacks. On examination, he was afebrile, acyanosed with associated tachycardia (pulse rate 121bpm) and tachypnea (respiratory rate of 27c/min).He was oriented in place, person and time with no focal neurological deficit. There were no cardiac and other respiratory signs picked on examination. His abdomen was soft and non-tender, with normal bowel sounds. However, there was renal angle tenderness. Biochemical investigations done on presentation showed normal sodium, potassium, chlorite, and bicarbonate. He has some evidence of dehydration and pre-renal azotemia (increased creatinine, urea and uric acid).His liver function tests, lipase, thyroid function test, phosphate, magnesium and albumin-corrected calcium were all normal.

富山大学・富医薬博甲第401号・Sherif Ahmed Muhammed Ahmed Hamdy・2022/08/31公表論文1.Hamdy, S.A., Kodama, T., Nakashima, Y. et al. Enzymatic formation of a prenyl β-carboline by a fungal indole prenyltransferase. J Nat Med 76, 873–879 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11418-022-01635-02.Sherif Ahmed Hamdy, Takeshi Kodama, Yu Nakashima, Xiaojie Han, Hiroyuki Morita,Catalytic potential of a fungal indole prenyltransferase toward β-carbolines, harmine and harman, and their prenylation effects on antibacterial activity,Journal of Bioscience and Bioengineering,Volume 134, Issue 4,2022,Pages 311-317,ISSN 1389-1723,https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbiosc.2022.07.004.

Background: Fournier's gangrene is an infectious urological emergency with associated morbidity and varying rates of mortality in the world. Various predictors of mortality such as advancing age, Fournier's Gangrene Severity Index (FGSI), anatomical extent of the disease, or presence of risk factors have been studied in the literature, though with conflicting results. Aim: The aim of the study was to determine the presentation and predictors of mortality in our environment, Nigeria. Patients and Methods: A review of medical records of all the patients managed from April 2012 to December 2018 at a tertiary referral center in Nigeria was conducted. Data on clinical presentation, FGSI, management, and outcome were retrieved and analyzed. Statistical Analysis: Descriptive studies using mean and standard deviation were used for continuous variables, Fischer's exact test was used to compare categorical variables among survivors and nonsurvivors, and logistic regression analysis was used to describe the relationships of these variables with mortality. Results: The mean age of the 31 patients was 60 ± 12 years. All were men, with 9 (29.0%) patients without clinical evidence of immunosuppression or predisposing factor (idiopathic). Fourteen (45%) had documented evidence of immunosuppression. All the patients had a polymicrobial infection; however, Escherichia coli was the most common organism cultured seen in 26 (83.9%) patients. The initial empirical antibiotic regimen of choice was a combination of intravenous ceftriaxone and metronidazole in 26 (83.8%) patients and intravenous ciprofloxacin and metronidazole in 5 (16.1%) patients. Mortality was recorded in three patients representing a rate of 9.6%. Anatomical extent of the disease, anemia requiring blood transfusion, severity of infection, and FGSI were all found to be the statistically significant variable of mortality in these patients using the Fischer exact test. Furthermore, on regression analysis only the FGSI and blood transfusion were significant with P < 0.05. Conclusion: Fournier's gangrene is a disease of the older men with a higher mortality rate when the FGSI is >9 or anemia requiring blood transfusion is present.

Metonymy is a linguistic phenomenon that is an essential part in all cultures. Therefore, the present study aims at discussing metonymy in general and analyzing the translation of Kināyah ᶜan ṣiƒah (metonymy of an attribute) in Khan’s translation (1997) of Ṣaḥiḥ Al-Bukhārῑ in particular, to examine the impact of translating metonymy on producing an effective and rhetorical language. Besides, it attempts to identify to what extent metonymy is rendered accurately and intelligibly into the target language, i.e. English. The data collected consists of 31 metonymic expressions in the Prophetic Hadiths. The selected metonymies are identified and analyzed in accordance with the translation at hand. Furthermore, the current study adopts Toury’s source-oriented translation (1995) in translating metonymy that prioritizes the taste of the original culture. Since the target readers are non-Arab Muslims, this implies that aim of translation is to observe the highly metonymic style of the Prophetic sayings in order not to sacrifice part of the metonymic meanings and to enrich the target language both linguistically and culturally; in turn, gain close access to the linguistic features and customs of the source language. The source-oriented approach is recommended here so as to maintain the cultural input of the source language, i.e. Arabic, in an attempt to circumvent the peculiarities of the source text. تعد الکناية ظاهرة لغوية أساسية في کل الثقافات، ولهذا تهدف هذه الدراسة إلي مناقشة الکناية بشکل عام وإلي تحليل وتقييم الکناية عن صفة في الأحاديث النبوية في کتاب صحيح البخارى وترجمتها عن خان (1997) بشکل خاص، في محاولة لتقييم الدور الذى تلعبه ترجمة الکناية في توصيل لغة بلاغية مؤثرة، بالإضافة إلي محاولة تحديد إلي أي مدي تم ترجمتها إلي اللغة المستهدفة- الإنجليزية- بشکل دقيق وفعال. کما أن مادة البحث تشمل 31 مثال للکناية عن صفة، ولقد تم في هذه الدراسة استخراج هذه الکنايات، وتحليلها، وتقييم الترجمة الخاص بها، وذلک في محاولة لبحث النهج المتبع في ترجمة هذه اللون البلاغي في الأحاديث النبوية. وکما تتبعت هذه الدراسة المنظور الموجه للغة المصدر (Source-Oriented Translation) لتوري (1995)، والتي من أولوياتها نقل ثقافة اللغة الأصلية في الترجمة. حيث أن القارئ المستهدف هو المسلم الغير ناطق بالعربية فکان هدف هذا البحث الحفاظ علي ثراء لغة الأحاديث الشريفة، وعدم التضحية بجزء من معانيها وتسعي أيضا إلي إثراء اللغة المستهدفة لغويا وثقافيا. ويعد المنظور الموجه للغة المستهدفة أکثر المناهج ملائمة لترجمة الحديث لأنها تنقل ثقافة النص الأصلى، اللغة العربية، محاولة نقل خصائص اللغة المصدر.

This study ascertained whether rice trade restriction policies embarked upon by Nigerian government between 2007 and 2019 as a way of boosting domestic rice production has any empirical justification. To achieve this objective, the study utilised time series data on domestic rice production (DP), border closure (BC), Rice import tariff (Tariff), Volume of rice imported (Imp) and Food price deflator for crop production sub-sector (Def). These data were analysed using descriptive and bivariate tools as well as the OLS regression models. The study found that trade restriction (proxied rice import tariff and border closure) alone was not effective in stimulating domestic rice production. A combination of other non-trade factors (e.g. measures to enhance local productive) also matter.

The impact of globalization on tertiary educational institutions (TEIs) in Ghana demands that they (TEIs) harness and leverage knowledge from the global knowledge basket to remain competitive. This paper examines the concept of knowledge management (KM) and how it is being managed in Ghana's TEIs for institutional advancement. The key challenges identified include the corporatisation of academic faculties, weak structures for KM, the intrusion of 'managerialism' as a style of leadership, absence of strong teamwork in knowledge creation and dissemination, and the erosion of the spirit of collegiality in academic staff relations. Suggestions made for the enhancement of knowledge management processes in TEIs include making adequate budgetary allocations for KM and integrating KM centres in established structures of TEIs. The paper concludes that knowledge is an indispensable asset for institutional advancement in higher education and therefore, TEIs should invest in the area to remain competitive globally. Keywords: Knowledge management; Intellectual capital; Managerialism; Institutional governance

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is highly contagious with various possible routes of transmission, resulting in high mortality globally. Controversy exists regarding the vertical transmission of the SARS-CoV-2 infection to fetuses of COVID-19-infected women. The aim of this study was to investigate the possibility of the vertical transmission of SARS-CoV-2 from COVID-19-infected mothers to their neonates.We prospectively collected demographical and clinical characteristics of 31 COVID-19 positive pregnant women and their neonates. All mothers and neonates were tested for SARS-CoV-2 infection using the real-time polymerase chain reaction on nasopharyngeal swabs and breast milk samples. Antenatal and placental abnormalities were ultrasonically and histopathologically examined. In cord blood samples, the immunoglobins (Ig) M and IgG were estimated qualitatively.The women's mean age and gestational age were 31 years and 38 weeks, respectively, with 58% undergoing an elective cesarean section. Gestational diabetes was reported in 29% of cases, 64.5% of women were medically free and only 16.12% were symptomatic. A normal antenatal ultrasound was observed in 77.42% of cases. Nine cord blood samples were positive for IgG. Villous infarction (24%), villous agglutination, and chorangiosis (51%), accelerated villous maturation (21%) and reduced and hypercoiling were reported for 6.97% of the umbilical cords. Three newborns had possible vertical transmission of SARS-CoV-2 infection, of which, two were preterm and IUFD. The third neonate was born full-term, admitted to NICU and later discharged in good health.Our findings support the possibility of the direct vertical transmission of the SARS-CoV-2 infection to neonates from infected mothers. Further studies with a larger sample size are required to validate the current findings.

The conventional synthesis of nanomaterials employing physical and chemical methods usually requires high cost and toxic chemicals. Thus, a facile, ecofriendly, cost-effective, novel, and sustainable route for the synthesis of a silver-loaded biochar nanocomposite (Ag@biochar) using