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This article aims to characterize syntactically the influence of orality in the written production of students in Middle School. Specifically, we aim to illustrate how some main oral syntactic marks are exhibited and to debate possible pedagogical practices to students’ metasyntactic development. In order to do so, we illustrate the following syntactic marks of orality in the written production of students of the 7th grade: omission of subsentential terms, reactivation of lexical itens, topic-commentary syntactic order, occurrence of phatic itens and the unmarkedness of syntactic boundaries. Este artigo tem como objetivo geral caracterizar sintaticamente a influência da oralidade na produção escrita dos estudantes do Ensino Fundamental. Especificamente, buscamos ilustrar como determinadas marcas sintáticas de oralidade se manifestam e debater possíveis práticas pedagógicas para o desenvolvimento metassintático dos estudantes. Para tanto, exemplificamos as seguintes marcas sintáticas de oralidade na escrita de alunos do sétimo ano: apagamento de termos oracionais, reativação de itens lexicais, ordenamento sintático do tipo tópico-comentário, ocorrência de itens fáticos e não marcação da fronteira sintática. Apresentamos, ainda, um relato de experiência pedagógica com base em conversas metassintáticas.

Introduction: Oral cancer is usually diagnosed late, compromising the individuals’ quality of life or causing death. Objective: Check the time trend of mortality by oral cancer in the State of Rio de Janeiro and the coverage of the Family Health Strategy (FHS) and oral health teams (OHT). Method: Ecological study with analysis of the time trend of mortality by oral cancer, between 1999 to 2018 and the coverage of the FHS and OHT, in the period from 2002 to 2018, in the State and Health Regions. Generalized linear regression of Prais-Winsten to calculate trends for the state, each Health Region, sex, age group and tumor location was utilized. Results: Declining trends in mortality by oral cancer in the State and in the Metropolitan I and II Regions. In the other Health Regions, it was stationary. The trends of deaths in men, aged 40 to 59 years and 80 years or more were decreasing. In the location of the tumor, there was a decreasing trend among deaths in other and unspecified parts (C06) and a raising trend in mortality by cancer of the Tongue Base (C01). In the coverage of FHS and OHT in most Health Regions and in the State, the trend was rising. Conclusion: Declining trend in oral cancer mortality and the raising trend of FHS and OHT in the State of Rio de Janeiro was not observed for all Health Regions. Introducción: El cáncer de boca suele diagnosticarse de forma tardía, comprometiendo la calidad de vida de los individuos o llevándolos a la muerte. Objetivo: Verificar la tendencia temporal de mortalidad por cáncer bucal en el Estado de Rio de Janeiro y la cobertura de la Estrategia de Salud de la Familia (ESF) y los equipos de salud bucal (ESB). Método: Estudio ecológico con análisis de la tendencia temporal de mortalidad por cáncer bucal, entre 1999 y 2018 y la cobertura de ESF y ESB, en el periodo de 2002 a 2018, en el Estado y Regiones de Salud. Regresión lineal generalizada de Prais-Winsten en el cálculo de tendencias para el Estado, cada región sanitaria, sexo, grupo de edad y ubicación del tumor. Resultados: Tendencia decreciente de la mortalidad por cáncer bucal en el Estado y Metropolitano I y II. En las demás Regiones Sanitarias, fue estacionario. Las tendencias de muertes en hombres, de 40 a 59 años y 80 años o más, estaban disminuyendo. En la localización del tumor, hubo una tendencia decreciente entre las muertes por otras partes y partes no especificadas (C06) y una tendencia creciente en la mortalidad por cáncer de Base de la Lengua (C01). En la cobertura de la ESF y ESB en la mayoría de Regiones Sanitarias y en el Estado, la tendencia fue en aumento. Conclusión: Tendencia decreciente de mortalidad por cáncer bucal y tendencia creciente de ESF y ESB en Estado de Rio de Janeiro no se observó en todas Regiones Sanitarias. Introdução: O câncer de boca e comumente diagnosticado de forma tardia, comprometendo a qualidade de vida dos indivíduos ou os levando a óbito. Objetivo: Verificar a tendencia temporal da mortalidade por câncer de boca no Estado do Rio de Janeiro e da cobertura da Estratégia Saúde da Família (ESF) e de equipes de saúde bucal (ESB). Método: Estudo ecológico com análise da tendencia temporal da mortalidade por câncer de boca, entre 1999 e 2018, e da cobertura da ESF e ESB, no período de 2002 a 2018, no Estado e Regiões de Saúde. Utilizou-se a regressão linear generalizada de Prais-Winsten no cálculo das tendencias para o Estado, cada Região de Saúde, sexo, faixa etária e localização do tumor. Resultados: Houve tendencia de mortalidade por câncer de boca decrescente no Estado e nas Regiões Metropolitana I e II; nas demais Regiões de Saúde, foi estacionaria. As tendencias dos óbitos em homens, das faixas etárias 40 a 59 anos e 80 anos ou mais, foram decrescentes. Na localização do tumor, houve tendencia decrescente entre óbitos por outras partes e partes não especificadas (C06) e uma tendencia crescente na mortalidade por câncer de base de língua (C01). Na cobertura de ESF e ESB, na maioria das Regiões de Saúde e no Estado, a tendencia foi crescente. Conclusão: A tendencia decrescente na mortalidade por câncer de boca e a tendencia crescente de ESF e ESB, no Estado do Rio de Janeiro, não foram observadas em todas as Regiões de Saúde.

Introdução: Pacientes neurocirúrgicos apresentam elevado risco de complicações locais e sistêmicas que podem aumentar o tempo de internação e o risco de morte. Este estudo tem como objetivo avaliar a incidência de infecções relacionadas à assistência à saúde e os fatores de risco associados em pacientes submetidos às neurocirurgias. Materiais e Métodos: Estudo de coorte prospectiva, realizado em um Hospital de grande porte do estado de Rondônia, no período de 2018 a 2019, incluindo 36 pacientes. Resultados: A incidência de infecções relacionada à assistência à saúde foi 19,4 a cada 100 pacientes (IC95%: 8,19 – 36,02). Ter utilizado sonda nasoenteral aumentou em 6,5 vezes o risco de IRAS (IC 95%: 1,26 – 33,5), a ventilação mecânica aumentou 5,52 vezes o risco (IC95%: 1,23 – 24,6), a presença de traqueostomia aumentou seis vezes (IC95%: 1,34 – 26,8) e realização de exame invasivo aumentou o risco em 6,79 para ter infecção (IC95%: 1,31 – 35,05). Na análise ajustada as variáveis não apresentaram significância estatística. Discussão: A incidência de infecções foi maior do que em regiões com melhores condições socioeconômicas o que pode estar relacionado à menor adesão de boas práticas na assistência. Conclusão: Nas neurocirurgias além das infecções de sítio cirúrgico outras topografias também devem ser consideradas para investigação de infecção. O uso de dispositivos invasivos foi associado à ocorrência de infecções relacionadas à assistência à saúde, portanto as boas práticas no seu uso são essenciais no momento da indicação e uso destes dispositivos.

Background The aim of the study was to derive and compare metabolic parameters relating to benign and malignant pulmonary nodules using dynamic 2-deoxy-2-[fluorine-18]fluoro-D-glucose (18F-FDG) PET/CT, and nodule perfusion parameters derived through perfusion computed tomography (CT). Patients and methods Twenty patients with 21 pulmonary nodules incidentally detected on CT underwent a dynamic 18F-FDG PET/CT and a perfusion CT. The maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax) was measured on conventional 18F-FDG PET/CT images. The influx constant (Ki ) was calculated from the dynamic 18F-FDG PET/CT data using Patlak model. Arterial flow (AF) using the maximum slope model and blood volume (BV) using the Patlak plot method for each nodule were calculated from the perfusion CT data. All nodules were characterized as malignant or benign based on histopathology or 2 year follow up CT. All parameters were statistically compared between the two groups using the nonparametric Mann-Whitney test. Results Twelve malignant and 9 benign lung nodules were analysed (median size 20.1 mm, 9–29 mm) in 21 patients (male/female = 11/9; mean age ± SD: 65.3 ± 7.4; age range: 50–76 years). The average SUVmax values ± SD of the benign and malignant nodules were 2.2 ± 1.7 vs. 7.0 ± 4.5, respectively (p = 0.0148). Average Ki values in benign and malignant nodules were 0.0057 ± 0.0071 and 0.0230 ± 0.0155 min-1, respectively (p = 0.0311). Average BV for the benign and malignant nodules were 11.6857 ± 6.7347 and 28.3400 ± 15.9672 ml/100 ml, respectively (p = 0.0250). Average AF for the benign and malignant nodules were 74.4571 ± 89.0321 and 89.200 ± 49.8883 ml/100g/min, respectively (p = 0.1613). Conclusions Dynamic 18F-FDG PET/CT and perfusion CT derived blood volume had similar capability to differentiate benign from malignant lung nodules.

The positron emission tomography imaging agents cis- and trans-4-[18F]fluoro-l-proline are used for the detection of numerous diseases such as pulmonary fibrosis and various carcinomas. These imaging agents are typically prepared by nucleophilic fluorination of 4-hydroxy-l-proline derivatives, with [18F]fluoride, followed by deprotection. Although effective radiofluorination reactions have been developed, the overall radiosynthesis process is suboptimal due to deprotection methods that are performed manually, require multiple steps, or involve harsh conditions. Here we describe the development of two synthetic routes that allow access to precursors, which undergo highly selective radiofluorination reactions and rapid deprotection, under mild acidic conditions. These methods were found to be compatible with automation, avoiding manual handling of radioactive intermediates.

After being practiced for nearly three decades in the city of São Paulo for privately-owned venues such as cinemas, theaters and, more recently, sports stadiums, the sale of naming rights is being applied to state-owned spaces: in April 2020, the Companhia do Metropolitano de São Paulo (Cia. do Metrô) announced a plan to grant to private exploitation the right to name its stations. This article analyzes this plan, its premises and expectations. It concludes that, while a series of conflicts related to the memory of the city and its spatial landmarks have been identified by recent studies on toponymic commodification and suggested by the city’s antecedents on this matter, such conflicts do not seem to be considered in the plan’s agenda.

O meio ambiente e um tema transversal da legislacao brasileira e, como tal, deve ser abordado por todos os professores da educacao formal, independentemente da area e nivel escolar. A Educacao Ambiental se mostra essencial e pode ser realizada concomitantemente ao ensino do conteudo curricular, exigindo criatividade e planejamento por parte dos professores. Sob este ponto de vista, o conteudo de Quimica pode ser trabalhado de diferentes maneiras, uma vez que as substâncias compoem toda a materia viva e nao viva do planeta terra. Nesta perspectiva, o presente trabalho tem como objetivo realizar o relato de experiencia docente de atividades elaboradas e aplicadas para abordar quatro temas ambientais em aulas de Quimica, no sentido de desenvolver o senso critico para formar cidadaos conscientes. As atividades foram elaboradas na forma de tres sequencias didaticas e uma atividade experimental e aplicados em aulas de diferentes turmas do nivel medio de uma escola da rede privada e uma da rede publica. Os temas selecionados foram residuos eletronicos, agrotoxicos, rochas e agua mineral, e envolveram aulas expositivas, pesquisas, rodas de conversas, jogos didaticos e experimentacao. As atividades elaboradas foram implementadas, sendo possivel abordar os elementos quimicos, tabela periodica, funcoes orgânicas e condutividade eletrica de maneira motivadora e ludica. Os alunos participaram ativamente das aulas, incluindo debates e manipulacao das ferramentas pedagogicas utilizadas, sendo possivel identificar a evolucao deles quanto ao incremento de conhecimento sobre os temas ambientais. Eles se mostraram muito interessados pelos temas e ficaram surpresos por verificarem como o conteudo de Quimica esta presente no cotidiano, e nao apenas na escola. Verificou-se que os diferentes conteudos curriculares foram trabalhados no contexto ambiental e o interesse dos alunos em expandir seu conhecimento sobre os efeitos danosos do ser humano na natureza aponta para a possibilidade de mudanca de comportamento frente aos danos ambientais, como esperado no âmbito da educacao para a cidadania.

Visual Abstract, Myocardial infarction (MI) is one of the leading causes of death worldwide, and inflammation is central to tissue response and patient outcomes. The 18-kDa translocator protein (TSPO) has been used in PET as an inflammatory biomarker. The aims of this study were to screen novel, fluorinated, TSPO radiotracers for susceptibility to the rs6971 genetic polymorphism using in vitro competition binding assays in human brain and heart; assess whether the in vivo characteristics of our lead radiotracer, 18F-LW223, are suitable for clinical translation; and validate whether 18F-LW223 can detect macrophage-driven inflammation in a rat MI model. Methods: Fifty-one human brain and 29 human heart tissue samples were screened for the rs6971 polymorphism. Competition binding assays were conducted with 3H-PK11195 and the following ligands: PK11195, PBR28, and our novel compounds (AB5186 and LW223). Naïve rats and mice were used for in vivo PET kinetic studies, radiometabolite studies, and dosimetry experiments. Rats underwent permanent coronary artery ligation and were scanned using PET/CT with an invasive input function at 7 d after MI. For quantification of PET signal in the hypoperfused myocardium, K1 (rate constant for transfer from arterial plasma to tissues) was used as a surrogate marker of perfusion to correct the binding potential for impaired radiotracer transfer from plasma to tissue (BPTC). Results: LW223 binding to TSPO was not susceptible to the rs6971 genetic polymorphism in human brain and heart samples. In rodents, 18F-LW223 displayed a specific uptake consistent with TSPO expression, a slow metabolism in blood (69% of parent at 120 min), a high plasma free fraction of 38.5%, and a suitable dosimetry profile (effective dose of 20.5–24.5 μSv/MBq). 18F-LW223 BPTC was significantly higher in the MI cohort within the infarct territory of the anterior wall relative to the anterior wall of naïve animals (32.7 ± 5.0 vs. 10.0 ± 2.4 cm3/mL/min, P ≤ 0.001). Ex vivo immunofluorescent staining for TSPO and CD68 (macrophage marker) resulted in the same pattern seen with in vivo BPTC analysis. Conclusion: 18F-LW223 is not susceptible to the rs6971 genetic polymorphism in in vitro assays, has favorable in vivo characteristics, and is able to accurately map macrophage-driven inflammation after MI.

Introdução: O acolhimento com classificação de risco é uma proposta de atenção resolutiva, humanizada e sistematizada para a reorganização dos processos de trabalho da rede de urgência e emergência por meio da classificação dos casos mais urgentes. Objetivo: Relatar a experiência de uma atividade educativa envolvendo docentes e acadêmicos de uma universidade pública e profissionais de saúde da rede de urgência e emergência. Método: Trata-se de um estudo descritivo do tipo relato de experiência realizado com profissionais de saúde de uma capital do norte do Brasil no mês de setembro de 2016. Resultados: Participaram da atividade educativa 78,7% dos profissionais previstos. Desenvolveram-se ações que conduziram a uma reflexão quanto aos desafios e potencialidades para o acolhimento e a classificação de risco na rede de urgência e emergência, apontando para mudanças no processo de trabalho e melhoria na resolutividade destes serviços ao usuário. Conclusão: Essa vivência possibilitou valorizar os conhecimentos e habilidades dos diferentes sujeitos envolvidos, respeitando as dificuldades e os entraves que permeiam o âmbito da prática assistencial, favoreceu o diálogo e a significação do conteúdo proposto, entendendo seu papel como agente multiplicador para mudanças nesse processo. Palavras-chave: Acolhimento. Humanização da Assistência. Serviços Médicos de Emergência.

A drug delivery nanosystem of noble bimetallic nanoparticles (NPs) which consists of Au NPs capped with Pt NPs (Au@Pt NPs) is constructed and functionalised with a quinazoline based small molecule (Au@Pt@Q NPs), acting as a theranostic agent against glioblastoma. Two different hydrothermal synthetic procedures for bimetallic Au@Pt NPs are presented and the resulting nanostructures are fully characterised by means of spectroscopic and microscopic methods. The imaging and targeting capacity of the new drug delivery system is assessed through fluorescent optical microscopy and cytotoxicity evaluations. The constructed Au@Pt NPs consist a monodispersed colloidal solution of 25 nm with photoluminescent, fluorescent and X-Ray absorption properties that confirm their diagnostic potential. Haemolysis testing demonstrated that Au@Pt NPs are biocompatible and fluorescent microscopy confirmed their entering the cells. Cytological evaluation of the NPs through MTT assay showed that they do not inhibit the proliferation of control cell line HEK293, whereas they are toxic in U87MG, U251 and D54 glioblastoma cell lines; rendering them selective targeting agents for treating glioblastoma.

Background: Acute aortic syndrome is associated with aortic medial degeneration. 18F-Sodium fluoride (18F-NaF) positron emission tomography (PET) detects microscopic tissue calcification as a marker of disease activity.Objective: In a proof-of-concept study, we aimed to establish whether 18F-NaF PET combined with CT angiography could identify aortic medial disease activity in patients with acute aortic syndrome.Methods: Patients with aortic dissection or intramural haematomas and control subjects underwent 18F-NaF PET and CT angiography of the aorta. Aortic 18F-NaF uptake was measured at the most diseased segment and the maximum value corrected for background blood pool activity (maximum tissue-to-background ratio, TBRmax). Radiotracer uptake was compared with change in aortic size and major adverse aortic events (aortic rupture, aorta-related death or aortic repair) over 4513 months. Results: Aortic 18F-NaF uptake co-localized with histologically defined regions of microcalcification and elastin disruption. Compared to control subjects, patients with acute aortic syndrome had increased 18F-NaF uptake (TBRmax 1.360.39 (n=20) versus 2.020.42 (n=47) respectively; pConclusion: In patients with acute aortic syndrome, 18F-NaF uptake is enhanced at sites of disease activity and associated with aortic growth and clinical events. 18F-NaF PET-CT holds promise as a non-invasive marker of disease severity and future risk in patients with acute aortic syndrome.Clinical trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT03647566)Key Words: aortic dissection, intramural hematoma, microcalcification, vascular injury, aortic growth, major adverse aortic events

Bone is now regarded to be a key regulator of a number of metabolic processes, in addition to the regulation of mineral metabolism. However, our understanding of complex bone metabolic interactions at a systems level remains rudimentary. in vitro molecular biology and bioinformatics approaches have frequently been used to understand the mechanistic changes underlying disease at the cell level, however, these approaches lack the capability to interrogate dynamic multi-bone metabolic interactions in vivo. Here we present a novel and integrative approach to understand complex bone metabolic interactions in vivo using total-body positron emission tomography (PET) network analysis of murine 18F-FDG scans, as a biomarker of glucose metabolism in bones. In this report we show that different bones within the skeleton have a unique glucose metabolism and form a complex metabolic network, which could not be identified using single tissue simplistic PET standard uptake values analysis. The application of our approach could reveal new physiological and pathological tissue interactions beyond skeletal metabolism, due to PET radiotracers diversity and the advent of clinical total-body PET systems.

Este artigo tem como objetivo geral revisar questões fundamentais ao ensino de gramática na perspectiva da metacognição. Os objetivos específicos são: (1) debater os desafios principais para o ensino de gramática na perspectiva da metacognição; (2) esclarecer a diferença entre as duas principais concepções de metalinguagem e (3) definir atividades metalinguísticas, de modo a delimitar os processos cognitivos envolvidos nas práticas pedagógicas de ensino de língua. Para tanto, primeiramente, abordamos os pontos de divergência entre professores quanto ao ensino de gramática, no Brasil e em outros países; o desafio de se associar tal ensino às práticas de linguagem dos estudantes, considerando-os sujeitos-aprendizes de forma situada e as questões que devem guiar um programa de investigação para melhoria do ensino de gramática. Depois, apresentamos as duas principais concepções de metalinguagem: na perspectiva descritiva, associada à linguagem gramatical para descrever as línguas, e na perspectiva cognitivista, associada às operações cognitivas sobre a linguagem. Para isso, revisamos os conceitos de metalíngua, função metalinguística, atividades linguísticas e epilinguísticas, contrastando Franchi (2006) e Gombert (1992), a fim de reconhecer a concepção de linguagem subjacente a essas noções. Por fim, de modo a delimitar os processos cognitivos envolvidos nas práticas pedagógicas de ensino de língua, definimos atividade metalinguística como a prática de levar a atenção às atividades epilinguísticas e verbalizar sobre tais processos cognitivos a partir do reconhecimento da língua escrita como sistema notacional. Com base nisso, pontuamos impactos principais da perspectiva da metacognição sobre o trabalho do professor no ensino de gramática voltado para as práticas de leitura e escrita.

Background Acute aortic syndrome is a catastrophic condition characterised by medial degeneration and cellular destruction within the aortic wall. 18F-Sodium fluoride (18F-NaF) positron emission tomography (PET) detects microscopic calcification as a marker of disease activity. This proof-of-concept study aims characterise 18F-NaF PET in patients with acute aortic syndrome. Methods Aortic tissue obtained from patients with acute aortic syndrome was stained using von Kossa’s stain for calcium-phosphate complexes and then exposed to 18F-sodium fluoride to confirm radiotracer binding to microcalcification. Next, patients with aortic dissection or intramural haematomas and healthy controls underwent 18F-NaF PET/CT and CT angiography of the aorta. A threshold of 12 weeks since diagnosis was used to classify patients to ‘recent’ or ‘prior’ acute aortic syndrome groups. Peak aortic 18F-NaF uptake was corrected for background blood pool activity to obtain a most-diseased segment tissue-to-background ratio (MDS TBRmax). Radiotracer binding was compared with aortic size in a linear regression model and major adverse aortic events (aortic rupture, aorta-related death or aortic repair) in a proportional hazards Cox survival analysis. Results Aortic 18F-NaF uptake co-localized with histologically defined regions of microcalcification (n=15). Patients with acute aortic syndrome had increased 18F-NaF binding compared to healthy controls (TBRmax 2.02±0.42 (n=47) vs 1.36±0.39 (n=20) respectively, p Conclusion 18F-NaF PET/CT uptake was increased in patients with acute aortic syndrome at sites of disease activity. Radiotracer binding was associated with aortic growth and clinical events. 18F-NaF PET-CT holds promise as a non-invasive marker of disease severity and future risk in patients with acute aortic syndrome. Conflict of Interest None

Background Q.Clear is a Bayesian penalized likelihood (BPL) reconstruction algorithm that presents improvements in signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) in clinical positron emission tomography (PET) scans. Brain studies in research require a reconstruction that provides a good spatial resolution and accentuates contrast features however, filtered back-projection (FBP) reconstruction is not available on GE SIGNA PET-Magnetic Resonance (PET-MR) and studies have been reconstructed with an ordered subset expectation maximization (OSEM) algorithm. This study aims to propose a strategy to approximate brain PET quantitative outcomes obtained from images reconstructed with Q.Clear versus traditional FBP and OSEM. Methods Contrast recovery and background variability were investigated with the National Electrical Manufacturers Association (NEMA) Image Quality (IQ) phantom. Resolution, axial uniformity and SNR were investigated using the Hoffman phantom. Both phantoms were scanned on a Siemens Biograph 6 TruePoint PET-Computed Tomography (CT) and a General Electric SIGNA PET-MR, for FBP, OSEM and Q.Clear. Differences between the metrics obtained with Q.Clear with different β values and FBP obtained on the PET-CT were determined. Results For in plane and axial resolution, Q.Clear with low β values presented the best results, whereas for SNR Q.Clear with higher β gave the best results. The uniformity results are greatly impacted by the β value, where β < 600 can yield worse uniformity results compared with the FBP reconstruction. Conclusion This study shows that Q.Clear improves contrast recovery and provides better resolution and SNR, in comparison to OSEM, on the PET-MR. When using low β values, Q.Clear can provide similar results to the ones obtained with traditional FBP reconstruction, suggesting it can be used for quantitative brain PET kinetic modelling studies.

18F-GP1 is a novel radiotracer that binds to the platelet glycoprotein IIb/IIIa receptor and can image in vivo venous and arterial thrombi including deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary thromboemboli (1-3). We performed 18F-GP1 positron emission tomography-computed tomography (PET-CT) in 6 patients recovering from coronavirus disease (COVID)-19 with concomitant pulmonary embolism (median age 56 [interquartile range 53-60] years, 1 female, 5 requiring supplemental oxygen, no intensive care admissions) and undertook 18F-GP1 autoradiography of post-mortem lung tissue in 3 patients who had died from COVID-19 (4).All patients demonstrated increased pulmonary 18F-GP1 uptake at a median of 69 (interquartile range 56-98) days after index presentation despite ongoing therapeutic oral anticoagulation. Focal intravascular uptake in persistent pulmonary embolism (A) was seen, as described previously (5). However, we also noted parenchymal uptake in regions of consolidation (B), as well as systemic uptake in an occluded saphenous vein coronary artery bypass graft and left ventricular thrombus which was subsequently confirmed on echocardiography (C). 18F-GP1 autoradiography also demonstrated focal and specific uptake co-localising to intravascular thrombus in patients with confirmed diffuse alveolar damage (D).Protracted systemic and pulmonary thrombosis may be a feature of COVID-19 that can persist despite systemic therapeutic anticoagulation. 18F-GP1 is able to detect pulmonary and systemic arterial thrombosis and has potential applications across a broad range of pathologies.

Bone is now regarded to be a key regulator of a number of metabolic processes, in addition to the regulation of mineral metabolism. However, our understanding of complex bone metabolic interactions at a systems level remains rudimentary, limiting our ability to assess systemic mechanisms underlying diseases and develop novel therapeutics. In vitro molecular biology and bioinformatics approaches have frequently been used to understand the mechanistic changes underlying disease at the cell level, however, these approaches lack the capability to interrogate dynamic multi-bone metabolic interactions in vivo. Here we present a novel and integrative approach to understand complex bone metabolic interactions in vivo using total-body positron emission tomography (PET) network analysis of murine 18F-FDG scans, as a biomarker of glucose metabolism signature in bones. In this report we show that different bones within the skeleton have a unique glucose metabolism and form a complex metabolic network. These data could have important therapeutic implications in the management of the metabolic syndrome and skeletal disease. The application of our approach to clinical and preclinical total-body PET studies promises to reveal further physiological and pathological tissue interactions, which simplistic PET standard uptake values analysis fail to interrogate, extending beyond skeletal metabolism, due to the diversity of PET radiotracers available and under development as well as the advent of clinical total-body PET systems.One Sentence SummaryBones form a complex metabolic network.

Early microcalcification is a feature of coronary plaques with an increased propensity to rupture and to cause acute coronary syndromes. In this ex vivo imaging study of coronary artery specimens, the non-invasive imaging radiotracer, 18F-fluoride, was highly selective for hydroxyapatite deposition in atherosclerotic coronary plaque. Specifically, coronary 18F-fluoride uptake had a high signal to noise ratio compared with surrounding myocardium that makes it feasible to identify coronary mineralisation activity. Areas of 18F-fluoride uptake are associated with osteopontin, an inflammation-associated glycophosphoprotein that mediates tissue mineralisation, and Runt-related transcription factor 2, a nuclear protein involved in osteoblastic differentiation. These results suggest that 18F-fluoride is a non-invasive imaging biomarker of active coronary atherosclerotic mineralisation.

Intraplaque calcification is a prominent feature of advanced atherosclerotic plaque development. Current clinical evidence suggests that the size of calcium deposit may confer different effects on plaque stability [1], [2], [3]. Macro-calcified deposits (CT detected) are thought to confer plaque stability whereas micro-calcification ([18F]NaF PET detected) are thought to be a feature of high-risk ‘vulnerable’ plaques which are prone to rupture. Following on from the emerging role of micro-calcification in high risk plaques within the clinic [4], there is now an urgent need for preclinical atherosclerotic models with this feature to gain mechanistic insights and assess the impact of calcification-targeted therapies. Using a combination of invasive and ex vivo methods, ApoE−/− mice placed on an atherogenic diet have been shown to develop intraplaque calcification [5]. Additionally, [18F]NaF PET/CT has been used to assess the impact of exercise on calcification in ApoE−/− mice on a western diet [6]. In this study, we set out to determine if [18F]NaF PET/CT could be used to non-invasively detect and quantify micro-calficiation in the ApoE−/− high cholesterol diet (HCD) mouse model, and examine the temporal nature of this process.

Background 18F-GP1 is a novel radiotracer with a high affinity for the platelet glycoprotein IIb/IIIa receptor. Subclinical bioprosthetic valve thrombus has been postulated as a trigger for accelerated valve degeneration. Purpose To determine the feasibility of 18F-GP1 positron-emission tomography-computed tomography (PET-CT) for the detection of subclinical bioprosthetic aortic valve thrombus. Methods (i) Explanted degenerated aortic valve prostheses underwent histology and imaging. (ii) In a prospective observational study, patients with bioprosthetic aortic valve replacement (AVR) underwent echocardiography and 18F-GP1 PET-CT. Valves were assessed for hypoattenuating leaflet thickening (HALT), hypo-attenuation affection leaflet motion (HAM) and GP1 uptake. Results (i) GP1 correlated with thrombus on explanted valves (Figure). (ii) The first 6 patients (Table) were asymptomatic and had normally functioning surgical bioprostheses on echocardiography. At a median of 166 (range 122–189) days post-AVR, no patients had HALT or HAM on CT. There was avid focal GP1 uptake on the leaflets of all 6 patients which appeared most prominent along the leaflet edges (Figure). Only one patient had focal uptake in the valve frame, remote from the leaflets. In a separate cohort undergoing 18F-GP1 PET-CT for other conditions, there was no uptake on normal, native aortic valves (n=8). Conclusion For the first time, we demonstrate that 18F-GP1 PET-CT is a highly sensitive method of assessing platelet activation on bioprosthetic aortic valves. Despite the absence of CT evidence, early thrombus appeared to be a universal finding on recently implanted valve prostheses. The biological and clinical implications of subclinical bioprosthetic aortic valve thrombus have yet to be established. GP1 uptake in AVR Funding Acknowledgement Type of funding source: Foundation. Main funding source(s): British Heart Foundation

18F-sodium fluoride (18F-NaF) is a positron emission tomography (PET) radiotracer widely used in skeletal imaging and has also been proposed as a biomarker of active calcification in atherosclerosis. Like most PET radiotracers, 18F-NaF is typically administered intravenously. However in small animal research intravenous administrations can be challenging, because partial paravenous injection is common due to the small calibre of the superficial tail veins and repeat administrations via tail veins can lead to tissue injury therefore limiting the total number of longitudinal scanning points. In this paper, the feasibility of using intra-peritoneal route of injection of 8F-NaF to study calcification in mice was studied by looking at the kinetic and uptake profiles of normal soft tissues and bones versus intra-vascular injections. Dynamic PET was performed for 60 min on nineteen isoflurane-anesthetized male Swiss mice after femoral artery (n = 7), femoral vein (n = 6) or intraperitoneal (n = 6) injection of 8F-NaF. PET data were reconstructed and the standardised uptake value (SUV) and standardised uptake value ratio (SUVr) were estimated from the last three frames between 45- and 60-min and 8F-NaF uptake constant (Ki) was derived by Patlak graphical analysis. In soft tissue, the 18F-NaF perfusion phase changes depending on the type on injection route, whereas the uptake phase is similar regardless of the administration route. In bone tissue SUV, SUVr and Ki measures were not significantly different between the three administration routes. Comparison between PET and CT measures showed that bones that had the highest CT density displayed the lowest PET activity and conversely, bones where CT units were low had high 8F-NaF uptake. Intraperitoneal injection is a valid and practical alternative to the intra-vascular injections in small-animal 18F-NaF PET imaging providing equivalent pharmacokinetic data. CT outcome measures report on sites of stablished calcification whereas PET measures sites of higher complexity and active calcification.

Dosimetry models using preclinical positron emission tomography (PET) data are commonly employed to predict the clinical radiological safety of novel radiotracers. However, unbiased clinical safety profiling remains difficult during the translational exercise from preclinical research to first-in-human studies for novel PET radiotracers. In this study, we assessed PET dosimetry data of six 18F-labelled radiotracers using preclinical dosimetry models, different reconstruction methods and quantified the biases of these predictions relative to measured clinical doses to ease translation of new PET radiotracers to first-in-human studies. Whole-body PET images were taken from rats over 240 min after intravenous radiotracer bolus injection. Four existing and two novel PET radiotracers were investigated: [18F]FDG, [18F]AlF-NOTA-RGDfK, [18F]AlF-NOTA-octreotide ([18F]AlF-NOTA-OC), [18F]AlF-NOTA-NOC, [18F]ENC2015 and [18F]ENC2018. Filtered-back projection (FBP) and iterative methods were used for reconstruction of PET data. Predicted and true clinical absorbed doses for [18F]FDG and [18F]AlF-NOTA-OC were then used to quantify bias of preclinical model predictions versus clinical measurements. Our results show that most dosimetry models were biased in their predicted clinical dosimetry compared to empirical values. Therefore, normalization of rat:human organ sizes and correction for reconstruction method biases are required to achieve higher precision of dosimetry estimates.

Aim: To examine the multimodal contrasting ability of gold-dotted magnetic nanoparticles (Au*MNPs) for magnetic resonance (MR), computed tomography (CT) and intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) imaging. Materials & methods: Au*MNPs were prepared by adapting an impregnation method, without using surface capping reagents and characterized (transmission electron microscopy, x-ray diffraction and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy) with their in vitro cytotoxicity assessed, followed by imaging assessments. Results: The contrast-enhancing ability of Au*MNPs was shown to be concentration-dependent across MR, CT and IVUS imaging. The Au content of the Au*MNP led to evident increases of the IVUS signal. Conclusion: We demonstrated that Au*MNPs showed concentration-dependent contrast-enhancing ability in MRI and CT imaging, and for the first-time in IVUS imaging due to the Au content. These Au*MNPs are promising toward solidifying tri-modal imaging-based theragnostics.

This article aims to characterize syntactically the influence of orality in the written production of students in Middle School. Specifically, we aim to illustrate how some main oral syntactic marks are exhibited and to debate possible pedagogical practices to students’ metasyntactic development. In order to do so, we illustrate the following syntactic marks of orality in the written production of students of the 7th grade: omission of subsentential terms, reactivation of lexical itens, topic-commentary syntactic order, occurrence of phatic itens and the unmarkedness of syntactic boundaries Este artigo tem como objetivo geral caracterizar sintaticamente a influência da oralidade na produção escrita dos estudantes do Ensino Fundamental. Especificamente, buscamos ilustrar como determinadas marcas sintáticas de oralidade se manifestam e debater possíveis práticas pedagógicas para o desenvolvimento metassintático dos estudantes. Para tanto, exemplificamos as seguintes marcas sintáticas de oralidade na escrita de alunos do sétimo ano: apagamento de termos oracionais, reativação de itens lexicais, ordenamento sintático do tipo tópico-comentário, ocorrência de itens fáticos e não marcação da fronteira sintática. Apresentamos, ainda, um relato de experiência pedagógica com base em conversas metassintáticas &nbsp

The objective was to analyze the impact of the theoretical and practical approach on the level of knowledge about infection control of students in the nursing course at a federal university in northern Brazil. A teaching intervention was carried out with a theoretical (40 hours) and practical (40 hours) component through a Situational Strategic Planning in the experimental group. Students who had a theoretical and practical approach had a higher level of knowledge about infection control and felt better prepared to work in the area when compared to students who had only the theoretical content or did not have formal discipline in the curriculum. The importance of inserting infection control content in health care courses is emphasized through a formal approach that will provide students with meaningful learning on a topic relevant to any area of professional practice. El objetivo fue analizar el impacto del enfoque teórico y práctico sobre el nivel de conocimiento sobre el control de infecciones de los estudiantes en el curso de enfermería en una universidad federal en el norte de Brasil. Se realizó una intervención docente con un componente teórico (40 horas) y práctico (40 horas) a través de una Planificación Estratégica Situacional en el grupo experimental. Los estudiantes que tenían un enfoque teórico y práctico tenían un mayor nivel de conocimiento sobre el control de infecciones y se sentían mejor preparados para trabajar en el área en comparación con los estudiantes que solo tenían el contenido teórico o no tenían disciplina formal en el plan de estudios. La importancia de insertar contenido de control de infecciones en los cursos de atención médica se enfatiza a través de un enfoque formal que proporcionará a los estudiantes un aprendizaje significativo sobre un tema relevante para cualquier área de práctica profesional. O objetivo foi analisar o impacto da abordagem teórica e prática no nível de conhecimento sobre controle de infecção de alunos do curso de enfermagem de uma universidade federal do norte do Brasil. Foi realizada uma intervenção de ensino com componente teórico (40 horas) e prático (40 horas) por meio de um Planejamento Estratégico Situacional no grupo experimental. Os alunos que tiveram abordagem teórica e prática tiveram maior nível de conhecimento sobre controle de infecção e sentiam-se mais bem preparados para atuar na área quando comparado aos alunos que tiveram apenas o conteúdo teórico ou não tiveram a disciplina formal no currículo. Ressalta-se a importância da inserção do conteúdo de controle de infecção nos cursos área da saúde mediante uma abordagem formal que proporcionará aos alunos uma aprendizagem significativa de um tema pertinente à qualquer área de atuação profissional.

O objetivo foi analisar o impacto da abordagem teórica e prática no nível de conhecimento sobre controle de infecção de alunos do curso de enfermagem de uma universidade federal do norte do Brasil. Foi realizada uma intervenção de ensino com componente teórico (40 horas) e prático (40 horas) por meio de um Planejamento Estratégico Situacional no grupo experimental. Os alunos que tiveram abordagem teórica e prática tiveram maior nível de conhecimento sobre controle de infecção e sentiam-se mais bem preparados para atuar na área quando comparado aos alunos que tiveram apenas o conteúdo teórico ou não tiveram a disciplina formal no currículo. Ressalta-se a importância da inserção do conteúdo de controle de infecção nos cursos área da saúde mediante uma abordagem formal que proporcionará aos alunos uma aprendizagem significativa de um tema pertinente à qualquer área de atuação profissional.

Issues associated with patient safety are a health problem worldwide and have been widely discussed at the most diverse levels of health care. Objective: to analyze the meaning of conditions for patient safety in the intensive care unit from the nurses' perspective. Methodology: a qualitative study using the Straussian Grounded theory, approved by the Research Ethics Committee. With 20 nursing participants from two state public hospitals in Rondônia, from a semi-structured interview, between August 2018 and September 2019, analyzing the data according to the method, considering: open, axial and integration coding. Results: three categories were obtained from the analysis: “The work environment is at high risk of harm”; Recognizing human resources as determinants for active failures; and Experiencing disorganized work processes. The following phenomenon emerged from these categories: Considering the structure, professionals and work processes that are challenging for patient safety. Conclusion: Each category and subcategories represent the conditions experienced by nurses that directly influence the safety of critical patients in the intensive care unit. The results provide subsidies for mitigating actions or even resolving these conditions, strengthening the actions of nursing and the multidisciplinary team and, therefore, patient safety in the intensive care unit. Los problemas asociados con la seguridad del paciente son un problema de salud en todo el mundo y se han discutido ampliamente en los más diversos niveles de atención médica. Objetivo: analizar el significado de las condiciones para la seguridad del paciente en la Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos desde la perspectiva de los enfermeros. Metodología: estudio de abordaje cualitativo, que aplica la vertiente Straussiana de la Grounded Theory, aprobado por el Comité de Ética en Investigación. Con 20 participantes enfermeros de dos hospitales públicos estaduales de Rondônia, con base en entrevista semiestructurada, entre agosto de 2018 y septiembre de 2019, analizando los datos según el método, considerando: codificación abierta, axial e integración. Resultados: del análisis fueron obtenidas tres categorías: “Siendo el ambiente de trabajo con elevado riesgo de daños”; “Reconociendo los recursos humanos como determinantes para las fallas activas”; y “Experimentando procesos de trabajo desorganizados”. De estas categorías emergió el fenómeno: Considerando la estructura, los profesionales y los procesos de trabajo desafiantes para la seguridad del paciente. Conclusión: Cada categoría y subcategorías representan las condiciones vividas por los enfermeros que influyen directamente la seguridad del paciente crítico en la Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos. Los resultados proporcionan subsidios para acciones de mitigación o hasta mismo la resolución de estas condiciones, fortaleciendo las acciones de enfermería y del equipo multidisciplinario y, por consiguiente, la seguridad del paciente en la Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos. As questões associadas à segurança do paciente constituem um problema de saúde em todo o mundo e vêm sendo amplamente discutidas nos mais diversos níveis de atenção à saúde. Objetivo: analisar o significado das condições para a segurança do paciente na Unidade de Terapia Intensiva na perspectiva dos enfermeiros. Metodologia: estudo de abordagem qualitativa, aplicando a vertente Straussiana da Grounded Theory, aprovado por Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa. Com 20 participantes enfermeiros de dois hospitais públicos estaduais de Rondônia, a partir de entrevista semiestruturada, entre agosto de 2018 e setembro de 2019, analisando os dados segundo o método, considerando: codificação aberta, axial e integração. Resultados: da análise foram obtidas três categorias: “Sendo o ambiente de trabalho com elevado risco de danos”; “Reconhecendo os recursos humanos como determinantes para as falhas ativas”; e “Vivenciando processos de trabalho desorganizados”. Destas categorias emergiu o fenômeno: Considerando a estrutura, os profissionais e os processos de trabalho desafiantes para a segurança do paciente. Conclusão: Cada categoria e subcategorias representam as condições vivenciadas pelos enfermeiros que influenciam diretamente a segurança do paciente crítico na Unidade de Terapia Intensiva. Os resultados fornecem subsídios para ações de mitigação ou mesmo resolução destas condições, fortalecendo as ações de enfermagem e da equipe multidisciplinar e, por conseguinte, a segurança do paciente na Unidade de Terapia Intensiva.

Content and Language Integrated Learning (CLIL) is an approach that has been adopted in various countries around the globe, mainly as a strategy to host immigrants immersed in a foreign school. In Brazil, it has been implemented with different purposes, as an immersion program for local students. However, not much is known about this adaptation, especially in the public sphere. Hence, this paper aims to investigate CLIL as an English teaching approach in Brazil. Specifically, we analyze its implementation in a public school in Rio de Janeiro, focusing on how integrating the teaching of language and content may improve students’ proficiency. We do so investigating students’ beliefs on the approach through a semi-structured interview. The interviews contained ten questions concerning their experience while learning English, more specifically in the context of High School, that were carefully analysed and helped us characterise the Brazilian CLIL and point the features that can be considered crucial for the students’ learning process. Through students’ answers we were able to identify as main factors for students proficiency: (a) students’ motivation; (b) teacher-student rapport; (c) the friendly English speaking environment; (d) use of English for communicative purposes and (e) the influence of CLIL. The analysis led us to believe that, so far, the program has been achieving its main objectives.Keywords: CLIL; bilingual schools; proficiency.

Introdução: A necessidade de monitorar o intervalo entre o diagnóstico de uma neoplasia maligna e o início do tratamento oncológico no Sistema Público de Saúde demandou a construção de uma nova ferramenta. Para tanto, foi desenvolvido o PAINEL-Oncologia. Objetivo: Apresentar o processo de elaboração da ferramenta, suas aplicações, potencialidades e limites, apontando ainda perspectivas futuras. Método: O painel foi construído a partir do relacionamento determinístico de informações diagnósticas e de tratamento obtidas no Sistema de Informação Ambulatorial, por meio do Boletim de Produção Ambulatorial Individualizado e da Autorização de Procedimento de Alta Complexidade, no Sistema de Informação Hospitalar e no Sistema de Informações de Câncer, utilizando-se o Cartão Nacional de Saúde e o diagnóstico de neoplasia como chave identificadora do caso. Resultados: A ferramenta disponibiliza três painéis: 1 - Painel: Monitoramento do início do tratamento oncológico, que exclui os cânceres de pele não melanoma e tireoide; 2 - Painel: Casos sem data de diagnóstico por ano de tratamento; e 3 - Painel: Casos diagnosticados de câncer de pele não melanoma e tireoide; e um conjunto de gráficos e tabelas com filtros para seleção. Conclusão: O PAINEL-Oncologia foi disponibilizado aos gestores e a órgãos de controle em 15 de maio de 2019. Trata-se de uma ferramenta ágil e acessível ao gestor para o monitoramento do tempo do primeiro tratamento do câncer. Contudo, as informações apresentadas no PAINEL-Oncologia dependem do registro e da qualidade das informações dos Sistemas de Informação em Saúde dos quais ele consome informações.

Introduction: It was necessary to construct a new tool to monitor the interval between the diagnosis of a malignant neoplasm and the beginning of cancer treatment in the Public Health System. For this purpose, the Oncology-PANEL was developed. Objective: To introduce the process of elaboration of the tool, its applications, potentialities and limits, with its future perspectives. Method: The panel was built from the deterministic relationship of diagnostic and treatment information obtained from the Outpatient Information System, through the Individualized Outpatient Production and the High Complexity Procedure Authorization, in the Hospital Information System and the Cancer Information System, using the National Health Card and the diagnosis of cancer as identification key of the case. Result: The tool has three panels: 1st. Panel: Monitoring the initiation of the cancer treatment which excludes non-melanoma and thyroid skin cancers; 2nd Panel: Cases without date of diagnosis by year of treatment, and 3rd. Panel: Cases diagnosed with non-melanoma and thyroid skin cancer; and a set of charts and tables with selection filters. Conclusion: Oncology-PANEL was available to managers and control agencies on May 15, 2019. It is an agile and manager-accessible tool for monitoring the time of the first cancer treatment. However, the information presented in the Oncology-PANEL depend on the registration and the quality of the information of the Health Information Systems from which the data are obtained. Introducción: La necesidad de controlar el intervalo entre diagnóstico de una neoplasia maligna y el comienzo del tratamiento del cáncer en el Sistema de Salud Pública exigió la construcción de una nueva herramienta. Para este propósito, se desarrolló el PANEL-Oncología. Objetivo: Presentar el proceso de elaboración de la herramienta, sus aplicaciones, potencialidades y límites, señalando perspectivas futuras. Método: El panel se construyó a partir de relación determinista de información de diagnóstico y tratamiento obtenida del Sistema de información para pacientes ambulatorios, a través del Boletín de producción ambulatoria individualizado y Autorización de procedimiento de alta complejidad, Sistema de información hospitalaria y Sistema de información sobre el cáncer, utilizando la Tarjeta nacional de salud y diagnóstico de cáncer como clave de identificación del caso. Resultados: La herramienta tiene tres paneles: 1 - Panel: Monitoreo del inicio del tratamiento del cáncer, que excluye los cánceres de piel no melanoma y de tiroides; 2 - Panel: Casos sin fecha de diagnóstico por año de tratamiento, 3 - Panel: Casos diagnosticados con cáncer de piel no tiroideo y melanoma; y un conjunto de gráficos y tablas con filtros para la selección. Conclusión: PANEL-Oncología se puso a disposición de los gerentes y las agencias de control el 15 de mayo de 2019. Es una herramienta ágil y accesible para los gerentes para monitorear el momento del primer tratamiento contra el cáncer. Sin embargo, la información presentada en el PANEL-Oncología depende del registro y la calidad de información de los Sistemas de la Información de Salud de los cuales consume información. Introdução: A necessidade de monitorar o intervalo entre o diagnóstico de uma neoplasia maligna e o início do tratamento oncológico no Sistema Público de Saúde demandou a construção de uma nova ferramenta. Para tanto, foi desenvolvido o PAINEL-Oncologia. Objetivo: Apresentar o processo de elaboração da ferramenta, suas aplicações, potencialidades e limites, apontando ainda perspectivas futuras. Método: O painel foi construído a partir do relacionamento determinístico de informações diagnósticas e de tratamento obtidas no Sistema de Informação Ambulatorial, por meio do Boletim de Produção Ambulatorial Individualizado e da Autorização de Procedimento de Alta Complexidade, no Sistema de Informação Hospitalar e no Sistema de Informações de Câncer, utilizando-se o Cartão Nacional de Saúde e o diagnóstico de neoplasia como chave identificadora do caso. Resultados: A ferramenta disponibiliza três painéis: 1 - Painel: Monitoramento do início do tratamento oncológico, que exclui os cânceres de pele não melanoma e tireoide; 2 - Painel: Casos sem data de diagnóstico por ano de tratamento; e 3 - Painel: Casos diagnosticados de câncer de pele não melanoma e tireoide; e um conjunto de gráficos e tabelas com filtros para seleção. Conclusão: O PAINEL-Oncologia foi disponibilizado aos gestores e a órgãos de controle em 15 de maio de 2019. Trata-se de uma ferramenta ágil e acessível ao gestor para o monitoramento do tempo do primeiro tratamento do câncer. Contudo, as informações apresentadas no PAINEL-Oncologia dependem do registro e da qualidade das informações dos Sistemas de Informação em Saúde dos quais ele consome informações.

This work aimed to evaluate the microbiological quality, identifying the presence of Salmonella sp. and quantifying the most likely number of thermotolerant coliforms at 45 ° C / g in minimally processed fruits and vegetables. Three minimally processed samples of cabbage, pineapple, watermelon and carrot were collected, totaling 42 samples, 21 of which were from fruits and 21 from vegetables and roots, chosen randomly from refrigerated gondolas from 07 supermarkets in the southern area of the city of Macapá and taken to the microbiology laboratory of the Institute of Scientific and Technological Research of the State of Amapá - IEPA. After evaluation, it was observed that out of the 21 fruit samples analyzed, 5 showed results for thermotolerant coliforms above what is allowed by the legislation, which establishes the maximum value of 5x10² NMP / g. Of the 9 vegetable samples, 6 showed values higher than those established by legislation, which is 10² NMP / g for vegetables, and of the 12 roots analyzed, 9 were above the ideal for coliforms, which is 10³ NMP / g for roots, tubers and the like. All samples showed absent results for Salmonella sp., Showing themselves within the standards established by the RDC. It was possible to conclude that the minimally processed cabbage, pineapple, watermelon and carrot samples showed a higher concentration of thermotolerant coliforms than the limits established by RDC No. 12, of January 2, 2001, of ANVISA, indicating contaminations that compromise the quality of these and endanger consumer health Este trabajo tuvo como objetivo evaluar la calidad microbiológica, identificando la presencia de Salmonella sp. y cuantificar el número más probable de coliformes termotolerantes a 45 ° C / g en frutas y verduras mínimamente procesadas. Se recolectaron tres muestras mínimamente procesadas de repollo, piña, sandía y zanahoria, totalizando 42 muestras, 21 de las cuales fueron de frutas y 21 de vegetales y raíces, elegidas al azar de góndolas refrigeradas de 07 supermercados en el área sur de la ciudad de Macapá y llevadas a El laboratorio de microbiología del Instituto de Investigación Científica y Tecnológica del Estado de Amapá - IEPA. Después de la evaluación, se observó que de las 21 muestras de fruta analizadas, 5 mostraron resultados para coliformes termotolerantes por encima de lo permitido por la legislación, que establece el valor máximo de 5x10² NMP / g. De las 9 muestras de vegetales, 6 mostraron valores superiores a los establecidos por la legislación, que es 10² NMP / g para vegetales, y de las 12 raíces analizadas, 9 estaban por encima del ideal para coliformes, que es 10³ NMP / g para raíces, tubérculos y similares. Todas las muestras mostraron resultados ausentes para Salmonella sp., Mostrándose dentro de los estándares establecidos por el RDC. Fue posible concluir que las muestras de repollo, piña, sandía y zanahoria mínimamente procesadas mostraron una mayor concentración de coliformes termotolerantes que los límites establecidos por RDC No. 12, del 2 de enero de 2001, de ANVISA, lo que indica contaminaciones que comprometen la calidad de estos y poner en peligro la salud del consumidor Este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar a qualidade microbiológica, identificando a presença de Salmonella sp. e quantificando o número mais provável de coliformes termotolerantes a 45°C/g em frutas e hortaliças minimamente processadas. Foram realizadas três coletas de amostras de couve, abacaxi, melancia e cenoura minimamente processadas, totalizando 42 amostras, sendo 21 de frutas e 21 de hortaliças e raízes, escolhidas aleatoriamente de gôndolas refrigeradas de 07 supermercados na zona sul da cidade de Macapá e levadas até o laboratório de microbiologia do Instituto de Pesquisas Cientificas e Tecnológicas do Estado do Amapá – IEPA. Após avaliação, observou-se que das 21 amostras de frutas analisadas, 5 apresentaram resultados para coliformes termotolerantes acima do permitido pela legislação, que estabelece o valor máximo de 5x10² NMP/g. Das 9 amostras de hortaliças, 6 exibiram valores superiores ao estabelecidos pela legislação, que é de 10² NMP/g para hortaliças, e das 12 raízes analisadas, 9 encontravam-se acima do ideal para coliformes, que é 10³ NMP/g para raízes, tubérculos e similares. Todas as amostras apresentaram resultados ausentes para Salmonella sp., mostrando-se dentro dos padrões estabelecidos pela RDC. Foi possível concluir que as amostras de couve, abacaxi, melancia e cenoura minimamente processadas apresentaram maior concentração de coliformes termotolerantes do que os limites estabelecidos pela RDC n° 12, de 02 de janeiro de 2001, da ANVISA, indicando contaminações que comprometem a qualidade desses alimentos e colocam em risco a saúde do consumidor.

Este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar a qualidade microbiológica, identificando a presença de Salmonella sp. e quantificando o número mais provável de coliformes termotolerantes a 45°C/g em frutas e hortaliças minimamente processadas. Foram realizadas três coletas de amostras de couve, abacaxi, melancia e cenoura minimamente processadas, totalizando 42 amostras, sendo 21 de frutas e 21 de hortaliças e raízes, escolhidas aleatoriamente de gôndolas refrigeradas de 07 supermercados na zona sul da cidade de Macapá e levadas até o laboratório de microbiologia do Instituto de Pesquisas Cientificas e Tecnológicas do Estado do Amapá – IEPA. Após avaliação, observou-se que das 21 amostras de frutas analisadas, 5 apresentaram resultados para coliformes termotolerantes acima do permitido pela legislação, que estabelece o valor máximo de 5x10² NMP/g. Das 9 amostras de hortaliças, 6 exibiram valores superiores ao estabelecidos pela legislação, que é de 10² NMP/g para hortaliças, e das 12 raízes analisadas, 9 encontravam-se acima do ideal para coliformes, que é 10³ NMP/g para raízes, tubérculos e similares. Todas as amostras apresentaram resultados ausentes para Salmonella sp., mostrando-se dentro dos padrões estabelecidos pela RDC. Foi possível concluir que as amostras de couve, abacaxi, melancia e cenoura minimamente processadas apresentaram maior concentração de coliformes termotolerantes do que os limites estabelecidos pela RDC n° 12, de 02 de janeiro de 2001, da ANVISA, indicando contaminações que comprometem a qualidade desses alimentos e colocam em risco a saúde do consumidor.

Gadolinium chelates are widely used in cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) as passive intravascular and extracellular space markers. Manganese, a biologically active paramagnetic calcium analogue, provides novel intracellular myocardial tissue characterisation. We previously showed manganese-enhanced MRI (MEMRI) more accurately quantifies myocardial infarction than gadolinium delayed-enhancement MRI (DEMRI). Here, we evaluated the potential of MEMRI to assess myocardial viability compared to gold-standard 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (18F-FDG) positron emission tomography (PET) viability. Coronary artery ligation surgery was performed in male Sprague-Dawley rats (n = 13) followed by dual MEMRI and 18F-FDG PET imaging at 10–12 weeks. MEMRI was achieved with unchelated (EVP1001-1) or chelated (mangafodipir) manganese. T1 mapping MRI was followed by 18F-FDG micro-PET, with tissue taken for histological correlation. MEMRI and PET demonstrated good agreement with histology but native T1 underestimated infarct size. Quantification of viability by MEMRI, PET and MTC were similar, irrespective of manganese agent. MEMRI showed superior agreement with PET than native T1. MEMRI showed excellent agreement with PET and MTC viability. Myocardial MEMRI T1 correlated with 18F-FDG standard uptake values and influx constant but not native T1. Our findings indicate that MEMRI identifies and quantifies myocardial viability and has major potential for clinical application in myocardial disease and regenerative therapies.

Myo-inositol hexakisphosphate (IP6) is a natural product known to inhibit vascular calcification (VC), but with limited potency and low plasma exposure following bolus administration. Here we report the design of a series of inositol phosphate analogs as crystallization inhibitors, among which 4,6-di-O-(methoxy-diethyleneglycol)-myo-inositol-1,2,3,5-tetrakis(phosphate), (OEG2)2-IP4, displays increased in vitro activity, as well as more favorable pharmacokinetic and safety profiles than IP6 after subcutaneous injection. (OEG2)2-IP4 potently stabilizes calciprotein particle (CPP) growth, consistently demonstrates low micromolar activity in different in vitro models of VC (i.e., human serum, primary cell cultures, and tissue explants), and largely abolishes the development of VC in rodent models, while not causing toxicity related to serum calcium chelation. The data suggest a mechanism of action independent of the etiology of VC, whereby (OEG2)2-IP4 disrupts the nucleation and growth of pathological calcification., Cardiovascular calcification is a serious pathology for which effective pharmacological treatments are lacking. Here the authors show that an optimized oligo(ethylene glycol) derivative of inositol phosphate interferes with calcium phosphate crystallization and inhibits soft tissue calcification in vivo following subcutaneous injection.

Introduction:The reception with risk classification is a proposal of resolutive, humanized and systematized care for the reorganization of the work processes of the urgency and emergency network through the classification of the most urgent cases. Objective:To reportan experience of an educational activity involving professors and academics from a public university and health professionals from the urgency and emergency network. Method:This is a descriptive study of the type of experience carried out with health professionals in the capital of northern Brazil in September 2016. Results:Registered 78.7% of the professionals studied. Develop actions that lead to a reflection on the challenges and potential for welcoming and risk classification in the urgency and emergency network, changes to changes in the work process and improvement in the resolution of services provided by the user. Conclusion:This experience made it possible to value the knowledge and skills of the different parties involved, respecting the difficulties and movements that allow the use of care practices, favoring the dialogue and the meaning of the displayed content, presenting its role as a multiplying agent to carry out the process. Introdução: O acolhimento com classificação de risco é uma proposta de atenção resolutiva, humanizada e sistematizada para a reorganização dos processos de trabalho da rede de urgência e emergência por meio da classificação dos casos mais urgentes. Objetivo:Relatar a experiência de uma atividade educativa envolvendo docentes e acadêmicos de uma universidade pública e profissionais de saúde da rede de urgência e emergência. Método: Trata-se de um estudo descritivo do tipo relato de experiência realizado com profissionais de saúde de uma capital do norte do Brasil no mês de setembro de 2016. Resultados:Participaram da atividade educativa 78,7% dos profissionais previstos. Desenvolveram-se ações que conduziram a uma reflexão quanto aos desafios e potencialidades para o acolhimento e a classificação de risco na rede de urgência e emergência, apontando para mudanças no processo de trabalho e melhoria na resolutividade destes serviços ao usuário. Conclusão: Essa vivência possibilitou valorizar os conhecimentos e habilidades dos diferentes sujeitos envolvidos, respeitando as dificuldades e os entraves que permeiam o âmbito da prática assistencial, favoreceu o diálogo e a significação do conteúdo proposto, entendendo seu papel como agente multiplicador para mudanças nesse processo.

Introdução: A radioterapia é uma das modalidades terapêuticas no tratamento do câncer. Objetivo: Descrever o perfil epidemiológico e assistencial do tratamento radioterápico no Sistema Único de Saúde no período 2012-2016. Método: Estudo descritivo sobre as Autorizações de Procedimentos de Alta Complexidade em Oncologia do Sistema de Informação Ambulatorial. Avaliaram-se o quantitativo de Cartão Nacional de Saúde nas autorizações de radioterapia do tipo inicial, o número de autorizações por cartão, as neoplasias mais frequentes, o número de campos de radioterapia aplicados, a idade mediana e a finalidade do tratamento por estabelecimento habilitado em oncologia. Resultado: Identificaram-se 509.708 cartões com uma razão de duas autorizações/cartão. Mama (24,3%) e próstata (18,5%) foram as neoplasias mais frequentes. O número de campos por neoplasia foi superior ao preconizado. A mediana de idade foi menor para encéfalo (48 anos) e maior para próstata (70 anos). Maior parte do tratamento (85,2%) foi para finalidade não paliativa e foram realizadas em Centro de Assistência de Alta Complexidade em Oncologia com serviço de Oncologia Pediátrica. Conclusão: O estudo demonstrou um incremento no número de casos/ano tratados com radioterapia, evidenciando a importância dessa modalidade terapêutica. Estudos que caracterizem o perfil dos casos em tratamento de câncer são necessários para qualificar a gestão da rede de atenção a saúde.