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The Dreamers have become a driving force of policy and politics in the last two decades. Public opinion polls suggest that most Americans hold favorable attitudes towards Dreamers—more favorable than their attitudes about immigrants more broadly. This study suggests that age-at-arrival is a significant driving characteristic of this support. In 2019, I ran a 2-wave survey experiment in which respondents read a news story about an undocumented immigrant that either migrated at eleven or 21 years old. Respondents in the lower age-at-arrival condition reported more support for the immigrant; and this effect was most pronounced among those who were more opposed to immigration in general. A second 2-wave survey conducted in 2021 explored two possible mechanisms behind the impact of age-at-arrival: attitudes towards (a) assimilation and (b) attribution of responsibility. Results are considered as they relate to ongoing debates about Dreamers, media coverage, and attitudes about immigration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article explores China's ideological basis in the ongoing diplomatic impasse over the South China Sea. Topics include the China's promotion of its cultural assimilation in the region, ASEAN's pursuit of multilateralism, and the United States' efforts to maintain regional power balance.It suggests that the ideological discrepancies contribute to the stalemate in diplomatic resolutions and may lead to weaker Southeast Asian states seeking external powers to balance against a rising China.

As most studies focus on the outcomes of multiculturalism, assimilation and colourblindness (MAC) for students, little is known about why schools vary in the diversity approaches that they adopt and the role of the teacher in this process. This study explores how teachers implement MAC diversity approaches and what drives them in doing so. Based on a cluster analysis of 38 schools, three extreme cases were selected that either valued (multiculturalism), rejected (assimilation) or ignored (colourblindness) ethnic diversity. In these schools observations and in-depth interviews were conducted with 39 teachers, 23 students and 3 headteachers. Our results indicate that teachers varied in their implementation of MAC diversity approaches according to four diversity domains: 1) multilingualism, 2) religious diversity, 3) ethnic discrimination and 4) diversity curriculum. Teachers' beliefs and attitudes (individual-level) and their preconditions for teaching (micro-level) appeared as the most important motivators for adopting a particular diversity approach. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Despite the number of American students achieving bachelor's degrees soaring, the gap between the most and least successful ethnic groups is becoming more pronounced. Among the lowest achieving groups are Tongan-Americans. This study uses Kramer's (2011) multilevel model of volunteer assimilation as a theoretical framework to investigate how multiple and overlapping group memberships influence Tongan-American students as they progress from organizational entry to metamorphosis, or premature exit. The findings of this constant comparative analysis suggest that Tongan-American students' multiple memberships are both complementary, increasing the likelihood of degree achievement, and contradictory, decreasing the likelihood of degree achievement. These complementary and competing memberships affect students' achievement of full membership in institutions of higher education. Implications for universities seeking to assist Tongan-American students, parents of Tongan-American students, and for Tongan-American students are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article by Jean Amrouche, critically examines the entrenched French mindset regarding its colonial history and the clash between the mythical image of France and the harsh realities of its actions. Topics include the persistence of French exceptionalism, the disillusionment of colonized individuals with assimilation, and the need for a reevaluation of France's historical conduct in its former colonies.

During European colonial times in Africa and elsewhere, missionary education was an integral part of the colonial instruments for political domination, economic exploitation, and cultural assimilation. This paper aims to investigate the process of making colonial subjects through missionary education that was mainly provided by Catholic and Evangelical mission schools during the Italian colonial period in Eritrea. The paper argues that the Catholic and Evangelical mission schools distinctively worked to achieve their separate objectives that can be explained as employment versus salvation, teaching versus preaching, flag versus Bible, and hands versus soul, respectively. While the Catholic mission school focused on training the hand in order to supply labour, the Evangelical mission school stressed harvesting the soul to cultivate a docile labour force. Despite their differences, the works of the Catholic and Evangelical mission schools placed much emphasis on and exerted much effort to producing a class of colonial subjects that could serve as brokers of power. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Racism is inscribed onto the mind of the racialized subject. This essay represents my attempt at making sense of the psychological costs levied by the racism that materializes from living in a culture of hegemonic whiteness. My analysis is informed by Frantz Fanon's writings and, particularly, his concept of corporeal malediction. Corporeal malediction captures the unique reality of the racialized subject—one that is different from the systemic discrimination and violence encountered by other socially disenfranchised groups. Theoretically framed by Fanon's "postcolonial" thought, and anecdotally informed by my own experiences as well as my past research on race and racism in organizations, I pose the question: What is the real perversity of racism? I argue that the real perversity of racism is to be found in the psychological damage that it poses on the ontology of the racialized subject. This psychological damage on the racialized subject unfolds through myriad trajectories, three of which I identify in this essay: (1) the (dis)coloring of social reality, (2) the impossibility of assimilation, and (3) the hybrid identity problematic. While management and organization studies researchers have expended much energy in unraveling the institutional and the organizational paths through which racism is enacted, there has been a dearth of scholarly research on its devastating impact on the psychology of the individual. This essay aims to flesh out this corporeal phenomenon. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Scholarship on migrant identity increasingly shows that migrants can—and often do—construct multifaceted identities. Yet, questions around migrant identity formation remain contested in France, given a strongly assimilationist policy context that (in theory) precludes multiple identification. This paper explores intergenerational patterns of migrant identification in France using a nationally representative sample of 1st-, 1.5th-, and 2nd-generation migrants in France from five diverse sending regions in the Trajectories and Origin Survey. We conduct a latent profile analysis to identify qualitatively different unobserved (or latent) categories of migrant identification based on observed responses to questions of identification and belonging. These analyses suggest there are five distinct "identificational orientations" among migrants: assimilated, active bicultural, othered bicultural, detached bicultural , and ethnic. While the assimilated and ethnic categories provide some support for a traditional assimilation framework, biculturalism is widely prevalent and multifaceted: We identify three distinct varieties of biculturalism (active, othered, and detached). We also provide evidence of segmentation in identificational assimilation by region of origin and conduct multivariate analyses that shed insight into the experiences that correlate with different identificational orientations. Our findings question the presumed threat of strong ethnic identification to France's national cohesion and offer starting points for future research on how complex identities are formed within strongly assimilationist receiving contexts like France. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper argues that Aboriginal children's engagement with education in the central Australian region of the Northern Territory in the mid-twentieth century can be understood as strategic engagements with formal western education systems and assimilation policies. It addresses a methodological problem stemming from a project that focuses on the work of the Finke River Mission (FRM) and its head missionary Friedrich Wilhelm Albrecht who, during the 1950s and 1960s, initiated an education scheme that targeted 'half-caste' Indigenous girls living on pastoral stations in central Australia. The scheme demonstrates the key concern of this special issue in that it is an example of the entanglements of transnational forces with local expressions of Indigenous education in Australia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article explores the actions of Canadian R&B artist Jully Black, who modified the lyrics of the Canadian national anthem to address issues of racism and colonialism. Despite facing racist backlash, Black was later honored by the Assembly of First Nations for her bravery. The article also discusses a book titled "No Better Home? Jews, Canada, and the Sense of Belonging," which examines the experiences of Jewish people in Canada and their impact on Canadian society. The author, an Indigenous studies scholar, finds the book insightful and relevant, as it reflects on Jewish identity in a diverse and complex manner. The article concludes by examining the complex relationship between Jewish and Indigenous communities in Canada, emphasizing the need for a nuanced understanding of settler history and a commitment to recognizing Indigenous sovereignty. The author calls for reconciliation and the building of kinship between settler communities and Indigenous nations. [Extracted from the article]

The assimilationist approach has been used controversially by lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer (LGBTQ+) activists to engage the state for legal reform in Europe and the United States (US). Drawing insight from the concept of situated knowledges, this article explores the historical and political particularities that enabled lala (queer women) activists to adopt a politics of assimilation in the Chinese anti-domestic violence movement. It unravels the specific features of their assimilation to effect policy change and their entanglements with feminists. Through participant observation and in-depth interviews, the article first delineates the contours of lala activists' struggle and traces their strategic choice of assimilation in the Chinese context from the 1990s to the 2000s. Second, the article elaborates on two aspects of lala activists' assimilation: establishing an ambiguous position toward institutions and orienting activism toward indirect legal provisions. Third, the article illuminates how lala activists created new gender dynamics through this politics and developed their own strand of lesbian–feminist cooperation characterized by restricted visibility in the mainstream women's movement and an open coalition with different feminists. I also discuss the limitations of lala activists' politics and conclude by summarizing how lala activism can enrich global dialogues on the controversial assimilationist approach and the diversity of lesbian–feminist relationships. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The book "Doing Asian American Theology: A Contextual Framework for Faith and Practice" edited by Daniel D. Lee explores the relationship between God and Asian Americans. The author, Dr. Daniel D. Lee, draws from his Korean American heritage and combines intercultural, sociological, and theological perspectives to emphasize the importance of cultural discipleship and Asian American studies. The book challenges the notion of universal, White-normative theology and highlights the unique perspectives and gifts that Asian American Christians bring to the church. It also addresses topics such as cultural assimilation, migration experiences, racialization, and the need for justice and inclusivity within Christian communities. The book offers a theological starting point for Christian educational leaders and promotes intercultural understanding and dialogue. [Extracted from the article]

People have conflicting opinions on coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19), from disagreements about the vaccine's effectiveness to competing claims about the need for restrictions. The present two studies (Ns = 262 and 250) examined whether COVID‐19 beliefs had a confirmatory impact on how belief‐relevant scientific research is evaluated and whether the use of corrective strategies (counter explanation and consider the opposite) reduces this bias. While biased assimilation (belief‐consistent studies were evaluated more positively than belief‐inconsistent studies) and perceived attitude polarization (participants reported that their beliefs became more extreme) effects were strong and consistent, evidence for overcoming these biases was mixed. Whereas considering the opposite had a corrective effect on biased assimilation and perceived attitude polarization, counter explanation depolarized actual attitude change. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

For over a century, the Government of Canada sent Indigenous children across Canada to residential schools to assimilate, Christianize, and “civilize” Indigenous people into Settler society. Assimilation became official government policy in 1876 with the passing of the Indian Act, which gave the Canadian state the power to govern all aspects of Indigenous people’s lives. In the 1980s, many Indigenous people demanded recognition of the injustices and abuse experienced by many residential school survivors. Additionally, many scholars have looked at the injustices and abuse in residential schools as an overt attempt to erase Indigenous culture. However, few have investigated the continuation of epistemicidal policies afterward. Through a case-study of Treaty 7 communities, this article focuses on the post-residential school era and argues that the schooling provided by the Canadian government during the period of integration represents another attempt to subvert Indigenous knowledge and pedagogies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article concerns UK commercial fruit and vegetable growers' narratives regarding the sustainability of water use for food production. In it we explore their perspectives on efforts by regulators to limit agricultural withdrawals of water from the natural environment in line with EU Water Framework Directive objectives, alongside their views on retailer sustainability commitments. Discourse analysis is used to investigate how the growers contested restrictive regulation, constructed their identities, portrayed other supply chain stakeholders, and conveyed their social relations with them. Using Erving Goffman's theory of frontstage and backstage performances, the implications for the growers' water management decisions and their internalisation of sustainability agendas for water are examined. Whilst the growers gave accounts of purposely misrepresenting their water withdrawal practices and their discourse illustrated significant polarisation between environmental and agricultural interests, their underlying commitment to environmental sustainability was ambivalent, with both anti and pro‐environmental attitudes expressed. The growers also frequently gave critiques of superficial sustainability in fresh produce supply chains. We argue that, given contemporary shifting definitions of agricultural identities, settings in which their construction is negotiated can provide windows of opportunity for conventional growers to engage in genuine pro‐environmental performances that may deepen their assimilation of environmental goals and commitment to sustainable water use. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this research we present a sociolinguistic study on the variation of the/s/in implosive position in the Spanish spoken in the city of Seville. For this purpose, the work is based on PRESEEA materials from the high educational level of Seville's citizens, which in made of semi-structured surveys recollected between 2012 and 2014. The results have been obtained through a quantitative study of the data and after a application of stadistic correlations and logistic regression analyses in order to observe the influence of the independent variables in the pronunciation of the/s/implosive consonant when all the factors act simultaneously. The aim of this paper is to analyze what linguistic and social factors influence the production of the different articulatory variants of the phoneme/s/(sibilance, aspiration, elisión, assimilation and aspiration with assimilation). The results show that the aspirated allophone [h] is the most frequent variant, reaching the highest percentages, followed by the elision, which contrasts with the results obtained in others linguistic communities of Andalusia (e.g.: Málaga, Jaén, Granada) where it is observed that the most used variant is the elision. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• We have first time generated complete mitogenome of 19 ancient samples of the first Parsi settlers excavated from the archaeological site of Sanjan. • One of the promising samples belonged to haplogroup M3a1 + 204, which is prevalent among medieval swat valley population and also in two Roopkund individuals. • In phylognalysis and haplotype network Parsi sample with M3a1 + 204 share clade with both Middle Eastern and South Asian samples. The rich cultural and genetic diversity of South Asia emerged from multiple migrations and cultural assimilation of multiple waves of migrants. The Parsi community of North-western India were one of those who migrated from West Eurasia in the aftermath of 7th century CE and assimilated into the local cultural framework. Earlier genetic studies further strengthened this notion with the finding that they harbour both Middle Eastern and South Asian genetic components. Although these studies covered both autosomal and uniparental markers, still maternal ancestry was not covered in depth and with good resolution of mitochondrial markers. Hence in our current study, we have first time generated a complete mitogenome of 19 ancient samples of the first Parsi settlers excavated from the archaeological site of Sanjan and performed detailed phylogenetic analysis to infer their maternal genetic affinity. In our analysis, we found that the Parsi mitogenome with mtDNA haplogroup M3a1 + 204 shares clade with both Middle Eastern and South Asian modern individuals in both the Maximum Likelihood tree and Bayesian phylogenetic tree. This haplogroup was also prevalent among the medieval Swat valley population of present-day Northern Pakistan and was also observed in two Roopkund A individuals. In the phylogenetic network this sample share haplotype with both South Asian and Middle Eastern samples. So conclusively, the first Parsi settlers' maternal ancestry encompasses both South Asian and Middle Eastern genetic composition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses the concept of de-assimilation among Jews in Poland, specifically focusing on the revival of Polish Jewish life after 1989. The author acknowledges the uniqueness of Polish Jews being able to rediscover their Judaism without abandoning their Polish identity. However, the author questions the novelty of this phenomenon, arguing that the line between "dissimilation" and "de-assimilation" is blurred and that Jewish life in Europe has always been shaped by push and pull factors. The author suggests that similar renewals of Jewish consciousness have occurred in other European Jewish communities. Overall, the article highlights the fluidity and complexity of Jewish identity throughout history. [Extracted from the article]

Mason Allred has produced an impressive demonstration of how religion, culture, and media have intersected in dynamic and revealing ways across the evolution of one of America's most significant societal forces. Starting with Joseph Smith, the faith's founder, believers in this diverse and evolving tradition have adapted to new media, which in turn has shaped the religion and its sense of the divine. [Extracted from the article]

The article focuses on the representation of Indigenous identity in the writings of Duncan Campbell Scott, a Canadian writer, and government official. It explores Scott's controversial role in Indigenous assimilation policies and his view that the assimilation of Indigenous people into mainstream Canadian society was inevitable. The article delves into Scott's writings and speeches, revealing his paternalistic and often negative attitudes towards Indigenous peoples.

European immigrants at the turn of the twenty century initially established their enclaves in central cities, but gradually moved to suburban areas as they achieved assimilation and social mobility. Post-1965 Asian immigrants followed the same pattern of spatial assimilation, moving from central-city enclaves to suburban areas. However, Chinese, Korean and Vietnamese groups have established their enclaves in suburban areas. Suburban enclaves have advantages over central-city enclaves in their electoral politics and preservation and promotion of ethnic culture. But no social scientist has paid attention to this social phenomenon. This paper compares Korean ethnic enclaves in Queens, New York City with suburban Korean enclaves in Bergen County, New Jersey to examine the advantages of suburban enclaves. The findings show that as expected Korean suburban enclaves give Koreans huge advantages over those in Queens in electoral politics, preservation of Korean culture, and the installment of Korean "comfort women" statues. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this article, I argue that there can be an intersection between the rise and development of sports fandom, national identity, as well as political ideology. I contend that the rise of nationalist sports fandom can be driven by the emergence of the nationalist democratic movement. With an ongoing nationalist democratic movement against a cultural dominant "other" as the context, sports fandom becomes a container for nationalism and a reactive form of resistance against the dominant "other" who endangers them. Fans who have a stronger sense of "self" national identity and more political experience in the movement would see sports fandom as a subtle means of catharsis to counter the threat. I showcase the idea using the rise of collective fandom in the Hong Kong men's national football team in recent years as an example. I will trace how the development of the democratic movement and nationalism in Hong Kong paralleled the blossoms of the Hong Kong (men's) national football team (HKNFT) fandom over the last few years, and how the HKNFT fandom was transformed gradually into a reactive form of resistance against threats to political autonomy of Hong Kong and attempts of cultural assimilation from China. Multiple sources of data, including an onsite survey, focus group interviews, individual interviews, and secondary historical works will be utilized to support my arguments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This essay argues that Ray Bradbury's The Martian Chronicles participates in the interdisciplinary debates over culture and form that emerge in the 1920s through the 1940s, as anthropologists and artists deploy new conceptions of culture as relative, plural systems of meaning—debates played out through ethnographies of Southwest Native American peoples, in desert landscapes such as Bradbury's Mars. With Martians in the role occupied by Native Americans in anthropological discourse, Bradbury's text engages the complex interplay between pluralist difference and universalist assimilation/antiessentialism central to early Cold War conceptions of (Native) American culture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Two photo essays which explore neoliberalism and transcultural exchange as well as transcultural exchanges and assimilations are presented.

He points out that the southern Levant, unlike other provinces of the empire, could not be conquered to provide additional sources of agricultural surplus for the empire's core as the transportation costs would have been too high due to the area's lack of a proper riverine system. However, concluding that the Assyrians completely neglected the southern Levant, leaving the provinces in a state of disarray and ignoring the reach revenues of the Mediterranean trade, seems far-fetched. Finally, Faust argues that the impact of the Assyrian empire in the southern Levant was more limited when compared with other provinces. While the Assyrian provinces of north Mesopotamia and north Syria were included in the empire's orbit quite early at the start of the Assyrian expansion, the Kingdom of Israel, and the southern Levant in general, became part of the imperial provincial and client state systems much later. [Extracted from the article]

Of the BaM respondents in a relation, no less than a quarter is in a mixed union. We still know very little about the non-migrant partner in unions with a partner with a migration background, including their propensity to adopt the cultural practices of their partner, and their propensity to reach out and embrace ethnic diversity more generally. The growth of intimate relationships between people with and without a migration background in majority minority cities in Europe provides an opportunity to explore the attitudes and experiences of non-migrant individuals in interethnic unions, and what such unions may portend for the wider society. This article makes a critical contribution to the general debate on the assimilation paradigm, which predicts 'a whitening' of norms and practices in mixed unions. We will use the BaM data to investigate the potential bi-directional effect of being in a mixed union. Does a mixed union, as assimilation scholars argue, primarily have a whitening impact on the minority partner, or is there also a potential diversifying impact upon the other partner? [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

For over forty years researchers have studied the integration of migrants and their descendants in Western European cities. In the meantime, many of these cities have become majority minority cities, hence, cities in which an ethnic numerical majority no longer exists. This raises the question how the old majority group, the people of native descent, participates in and relates to these superdiverse cities. In this special issue, we raise long overdue questions about some of the inherent problems of mainstream theoretical frameworks explaining integration and assimilation outcomes. While primarily focusing on people with a migration background, these frameworks usually omit the attitudes and practices of people without migration background that impact the societal climate in which people with migration background live and work. In this introductory article we discuss the literature and theoretical notions about the experiences and the impact people without migration background have on societal outcomes in superdiverse cities. We will further introduce the articles in this special issue and propose a research agenda for studying people without migration background in majority minority cities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We address an apparent discrepancy in the literature on how context stimuli influence evaluations of target stimuli. While a rich literature suggests that target evaluations are often contrasted away from the valence of context stimuli, reported effects of evaluative conditioning (EC) are almost exclusively assimilative. Specifically, when a neutral conditioned stimulus (CS) repeatedly co-occurs with a positive unconditioned stimulus (US), the CS is later evaluated more positively. Contrast effects from mere co-occurrences are absent in the EC literature. We hypothesized that this can be explained by the stimulus composition in EC tasks, which usually depict different objects as target (CS) and context (US). In 10 experiments, we confirmed that when target and context stimuli depict different objects, assimilation clearly dominates. Yet, when target and context depict stimuli from the same object class, contrast effects become dominant. These contrast effects are invisible in standard EC tasks because CSs are contrasted with all positive and negative USs of a given stimulus set. The present work thereby identifies a central determinant of the direction that evaluative context and conditioning effects take. While different-object contexts evoke assimilation, same-object contexts increase the likelihood of contrastive evaluations. We discuss the various theoretical and practical implications of our findings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Can second-generation racialized Canadians cross racial and class boundaries into middle-class mainstream society? Currently, neo-assimilation theory anticipates identificational and socioeconomic assimilation into the mainstream, while segmented-assimilation theory argues that racial and economic structures inhibit racialized groups' assimilation. An emerging strand of assimilation theory – racialized incorporation – hypothesizes that, for racialized individuals, higher sociocultural capital leads to socioeconomic upward mobility, while their identificational and socioeconomic assimilation remain constrained by racial hierarchies. We draw on 118 qualitative interviews with second-generation Somali-Canadians to assess which of these perspectives best describes their subjective experiences of assimilation in Canada. Though we find support for the racialized assimilation hypothesis, our participants' socioeconomic achievements exceed the predictions of this perspective. We, therefore, argue that, under Canadian multiculturalism policies and ideology, race is an attitudinal hurdle to navigate rather than a structural barrier against assimilation. We invite future research to consider the contextualized effects of race on assimilation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This qualitative study investigated the experiences of first- and second-year migrant undergraduate students and staff in the College Assistance Migrant Program (CAMP) at Arizona State University (ASU). ASU CAMP, which started in 2016, is the first program of its kind at an Arizona public university. Using an ethnographic monitoring approach, a research team that included a faculty member and graduate and undergraduate students conducted observations in a variety of CAMP settings, along with interviews and document analysis, in order to examine how Mexican-origin CAMP scholars developed academic identities rooted in family and community strengths while resisting assimilation to the "foreign land" of the university. We theorize students' academic identity development and staff's efforts to support and advocate for them as a form of transformational resistance through which participants acknowledged the inequities and challenges facing migrant students in postsecondary education and began to "reinvent" the university as they confronted this reality. The findings are relevant to scholars, teachers, and others who work with migrant students in K-12 and postsecondary settings, as well as those who seek to support Latinx and first-generation college students' academic identity development in culturally sustaining ways. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Edward Lear was in the vanguard of cultural assimilation of evolutionary theory. In what amounts to a gestalt relationship, some of his published "nonsense" figures against, and largely derives its meaning from, innovation in the natural sciences. Certain of his works, some not previously interpreted, are specific in their engagement with evolutionists, including Erasmus and Charles Darwin, Étienne Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, and Robert Grant. Before and after the appearance of On the Origin of Species (1859), Lear backs one side against another in public debates sparked by evolutionary theory. His implicit engagement with the new biology becomes evident in close attention to the drawings, which are essential components of Lear's innovative hybridization of visual and literary artforms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article contributes to normative debates about residential segregation and its relationship to inequality. It defends a position often disregarded in literature: that there is merit to advancing residential integration through some scenarios where advantaged individuals move to disadvantaged areas. It develops this case in dialogue with three other views. In relation to advocates of addressing the inequalities of residential segregation through redistribution, it defends integration as a means of tackling social and political factors that sustain injustice. It challenges those who defend relocating disadvantaged individuals to advantaged areas by highlighting the burdens and demand for cultural assimilation this imposes on the disadvantaged. It considers the worry that advantaged individuals relocating to disadvantaged areas harbours the problematic features of gentrification. It responds that these concerns, while important in some cases, do not arise in all scenarios of this kind. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article focuses on Catholic and Indigenous resistance to the Federal Indian Boarding Schools with Native Americans they had defeated and imprisoned on reservations. It mentions scholars have demonstrated the importance of imagery related to Indian assimilation in the campaign to assimilate immigrants and Catholic Church found itself suddenly and almost completely cut out of the business of Indian assimilation. It also mentions sudden redirection of Congressional funds for Indian education.

The article focuses on Catholic Church and the U.S. Indian boarding schools. Topics discussed include Bureau of Indian Affairs (BIA), which was created under the U.S. Department of War in 1824, gave Christian denominations power over Indian programs on reservations; U.S. Indian Boarding School Policy was developed at the height of U.S. Indian Wars and General Allotment Act of 1887 was intended to aid assimilation of American Indian people.

The article focuses on spirit of educational sovereignty offered by Marvina Chavez who graduated from St. Catherine Indian School in Santa Fe, New Mexico in 1996 and pre-invasion of Indigenous lands. Topics discussed include era of assimilation and the rise of missionary American Indian schooling; emergence of Catholic education by choice and continuous political maneuvering in the currents of greed for power and land.

How migrants' behaviour shapes their intention to settle in their destination (settlement intention) has rarely been examined. This paper pays special attention to the role of the reference-group effect, captured by subjective economic status, in shaping migrants' intention to settle in urban China. We found that both sending communities and receiving communities contribute to the reference-group effect on settlement intention. Compared with their relatives, friends, and colleagues in their hometowns and destinations, migrants with a higher subjective economic status have a stronger intention to settle. A 1-unit increase in the relative position of a migrant's subjective economic status in the sending or receiving community contributes to a 19.6 per cent or 19.4 per cent increase in the possibility of a migrant's intention to settle. Additionally, cultural assimilation, social participation, and identification mediate the relationship between subjective economic status in the reference group and settlement intention. We also found that objective economic status in the destination increases subjective economic status in the reference group in the hometown and destination. Both objective and subjective economic status affect migrants' settlement intention. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This essay deals with a series of tabernacle doors with Islamic ornamentation and Latin eucharistic inscriptions, made in Christian Andalusi lands ca. 1300–1500, which illustrate the extent of the assimilation of the cultural heritage of al-Andalus by Iberian Christian kingdoms. The origins of this type of tabernacle door are analyzed in connection with the conversion of the Great Mosques of al-Andalus in the thirteenth century, and aspects of the doors' ornamentation and possible symbolic dimensions are addressed. Further, the doors are compared with similar woodwork produced by interreligious contacts in other regions, emphasizing that certain transcultural phenomena had a global scope in the medieval Mediterranean. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Kalmyks have lived in southwest Russia for about four centuries. Whilst cultural assimilation with neighbouring peoples has been an ongoing process since the Kalmyks first settled in the lower Volga from 1630, the twentieth century, which saw the rise and fall of several political regimes in Russia, was the most dramatic period in the group's history in that it had a deep impact not only on their social structure, religion, and way of life but also on their identity. Subjected to various political ideologies, not to mention punitive mass deportation to Siberia and Central Asia from 1943 to 1956, the Kalmyks had to constantly negotiate their identity not only with the Tsarist/Soviet/Russian state but also among themselves. Whilst today's self-narratives of Kalmyk ethnic identity are inextricably linked to the discourse of post-Soviet cultural revival, in order to explain the fluidity and dynamics of Kalmyk identity this paper takes a comprehensive approach to the history of the Kalmyk people since their first settlement on the lower Volga. Ethnic identity and its development are narrated chronologically, taking into account social structure, religion, historiography, and popular concepts to which the Kalmyks have been subjected, and which they have embraced, in the course of their history. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Entrenched within national histories, the Second World War has largely resisted the 'global turn' despite its eminent globality. The broad reconceptualization presented here views the Second World War as a paroxysm of worldwide war (December 1941−September 1945) embedded within a capacious cycle of regional wars and revolutions beginning with the Japanese invasion of Manchuria in 1931 and ending in Korea in 1953. This expanded temporal frame is intertwined with a broadening of spatial horizons that allows the assimilation of world regions from Latin America to sub-Saharan Africa, facilitates the integration of transnational flows of matériel , people and ideas, and underscores hybridity and popular agency. These conceptual shifts challenge the reified imaginary of the war of 1939–45, blurring 'war' and 'post-war' and allowing us to picture an American-led world order emerging directly from the war while illuminating the fighting that continued uninterrupted by Hiroshima and Nagasaki. This approach explores the tension between global and national histories — itself a reflection of the contradiction between capitalism's push for worldwide markets and the nation states within which it is organized — and views American hegemony as the primary outcome of the long war while highlighting the qualifications posed by the Chinese Revolution, the strengthening of the USSR, and the rise of anti-colonial struggles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The 'Asian Visits Fund' was the Australian Government's first Cold War people-to-people public diplomacy programme. Standing in the Fund's way was Australia's racially restrictive immigration programme. A central feature of the scheme, therefore, was to present a vision of a non-racial Australia through the new national ideology of Assimilation. The treatment of indigenous Australians was showcased as one way to highlight Assimilation and debunk broader claims of racism. Ultimately, however, the Asian Visits Fund was unable to alter the negative perception of Australia's immigration policy. It was the last major initiative aimed at selling the unsellable 'White Australia Policy'. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Galactose is a secondary fermentable sugar that requires specific regulatory and structural genes for its assimilation, which are under catabolite repression by glucose. When glucose is absent, the catabolic repression is attenuated, and the structural GAL genes are fully activated. In Saccharomyces cerevisiae, the GAL pathway is under selection in environments where galactose is present. However, it is unclear the adaptive strategies in response to long-term propagation in galactose as a sole carbon source in laboratory evolution experiments. Here, we performed a 4,000-generation evolution experiment using 48 diploid Saccharomyces cerevisiae populations to study adaptation in galactose. We show that fitness gains were greater in the galactose-evolved population than in identically evolved populations with glucose as a sole carbon source. Whole-genome sequencing of 96 evolved clones revealed recurrent de novo single nucleotide mutations in candidate targets of selection, copy number variations, and ploidy changes. We find that most mutations that improve fitness in galactose lie outside of the canonical GAL pathway. Reconstruction of specific evolved alleles in candidate target of selection, SEC23 and IRA1, showed a significant increase in fitness in galactose compared to glucose. In addition, most of our evolved populations (28/46; 61%) fixed aneuploidies on Chromosome VIII, suggesting a parallel adaptive amplification. Finally, we show greater loss of extrachromosomal elements in our glucose-evolved lineages compared with previous glucose evolution. Broadly, these data further our understanding of the evolutionary pressures that drive adaptation to less-preferred carbon sources. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In 1879, as the Argentine army prepared a military campaign against Indigenous groups in the Pampas and Patagonia, the national government created an Indigenous colony called Colonia General Conesa. Conesa's inhabitants were expected to build homes and cultivate crops under military watch and become "useful" Argentine citizens in the process. This short-lived assimilationist project, which the government abandoned three years later, illuminates the rapidly shifting dynamics of Argentine settler colonial ideology. Although Argentine officials initially saw Conesa as an expedient resolution to the nation's so-called "Indian question," the dissolution of the southern frontier line in the early 1880s necessitated a shift toward new strategies that emphasized the complete physical and discursive erasure of the region's Indigenous peoples. Conesa's history, situated within the broader context of interethnic relations in Argentina's southern borderlands, sheds light on the development of Argentine settler colonialism and exemplifies how Indigenous people were written out of the nation's history. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article wishes to contribute to the study of indigenous identity by focusing on the role of the modern industrial state of the nineteenth century as a powerful and enduring agent that 'makes, owns, and uses' indigenous identity through the application of targeted artificial ascriptions. These ascriptions are the result of processes of legal reclassification and mechanisms of legal othering and legal authentication, which remaps indigenous belonging and sense of self. To this end, the article steps away from the typologies of indigenous identity as being exclusively a product of ancestral ties, territoriality, group belonging, and self-identification – and thus indigenous agency. The essay problematizes these conceptualizations and looks at the indigenous Sámi people of Sweden as an illustration. A number of key legislations and documents are used to expose how the state in Sweden reconstructed the local indigenous population into a de jure bona fide, or authentic, Sámi. These legal reclassifications progressively transformed the Sámi people's customary rights to fit the state's narrative within a discourse of nineteenth century modern industrial state consolidation, resulting in the control, reduction, legal dissimilation and assimilation of the Sámi into the greater society and state project. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Native Americans have historically been subjected to strong cultural assimilation processes at school. American settlement colonialism deprived them of their essential resources and much of their intangible heritage. Thus, education has become instrumental to erode their cultures and justify the plunder of their lands, but Native American peoples have confronted assimilative educational policies, developed important strategies of resistance, and created educational experiences consistent with their own realities and aspirations. This article addresses the resistances and demands of Native Americans in the American educational system and their impact on the school curriculum, analyzing how their demands were made concrete. The responses of current multicultural education and critical pedagogy to the challenges of Native American educators in influencing educational content and methodologies are also addressed. Given that these contributions to the educational field are inserted in larger struggles for the sovereignty of these peoples, this article goes beyond the multicultural lens by addressing the causes of Native American peoples' oppression and how it impacts schooling. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study intends to reflect on the governmental linguistic policies aimed at Brazilian indigenous peoples, pondering the relationship between the absence/presence of co-officialization of their mother tongues and the cultural assimilation of these peoples. Our goal is to problematize the treatment given to indigenous languages from 1500 to the present day, from a historical perspective, considering the process of colonization and the numerous attempts to silence the languages of the native peoples. Among our reflections, we highlight the function of the linguistic policy of co-officializing the indigenous languages conquered in the last two decades in the recognition of the right to difference, diversity and culture. We conclude that the language policies of co-officialization of indigenous languages, when they are no longer just declared by law and are, in fact, carried out, provide opportunities and expand the possibility of indigenous participation in the various spheres of society, especially in those that contemplate the use of their mother tongue. They also demonstrate a State that acts in favor of human rights, collaborate to deconstruct the image of indigenous people as a single and homogeneous people, linked to the past, with the same customs, the same cultures and, mainly, the same language. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aims to discuss the formation of identities in the Ancash region based on a Narrative Inquiry of two families living in the city of Huaraz, the parents are Hirka and Quyllur. Both have faced the same external influences but have opted for different identity constructions. Narrative inquiry employs three dimensions: interaction, continuity, and situation. The data analysis was based on the composition of meanings and the interpretative perspective of the experiences that consist of organizing meanings based on the data and a reflective process by the researcher, and the presentation of the advances to a support group to discuss, review and adjustment of the obtained data. From the analysis of the experiences, we can conclude that Hirka represents cultural resistance and Quyllur cultural assimilation. The first considers that their cultural practices have been inherited from their ancestors; on the other hand, Quyllur does not have this intergenerational awareness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this paper is to think about the causes that precipitated the birth in Catalonia of the PSA, whose political activity in this territory was especially remarkable during the democratic transition, and also to analyze the strategy developed until the general elections in 1977. For this goal, we will both deal with the situation in which the dense Andalusian immigrant population in that territory found itself, and with the political action that the PSA militants in Catalonia stood from the end of 1976 to mid-1977. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Existing frameworks of assimilation and group boundaries are limited in making sense of experiences of racial ambiguity. What happens when racial groups are mistaken for other groups, and how does this phenomenon relate to the racial hierarchy? This paper investigates the on-the-ground mechanisms of racial ambiguity that formal institutions, like the Census, do not capture, yet are the lived realities for many immigrant groups. Through analysis of 120 interviews and supplemental observations, I find that the racialization of second-generation South Asians shifts between racial ambiguity and racial legibility in daily life. I present a theoretical concept – localized racialization – to reveal the transient, yet defining, racial experiences of groups residing in the racial middle. Localized racialization centres multiple factors of skin colour, intersectional status markers, and situational contexts that tether racial experiences to the local. This study's South Asian participants reveal persistent racial dynamism at the micro-interactional level. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]