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We study the effect of using high-resolution elevation data on the selection of the most fuel-efficient (greenest) path for different trucks in various urban environments. We adapt a variant of the Comprehensive Modal Emission Model (CMEM) to show that the optimal speed and the greenest path are slope dependent (dynamic). When there are no elevation changes in a road network, the most fuel-efficient path is the shortest path with a constant (static) optimal speed throughout. However, if the network is not flat, then the shortest path is not necessarily the greenest path, and the optimal driving speed is dynamic. We prove that the greenest path converges to an asymptotic greenest path as the payload approaches infinity and that this limiting path is attained for a finite load. In a set of extensive numerical experiments, we benchmark the CO2 emissions reduction of our dynamic speed and the greenest path policies against policies that ignore elevation data. We use the geo-spatial data of 25 major cities across 6 continents, such as Los Angeles, Mexico City, Johannesburg, Athens, Ankara, and Canberra. Our results show that, on average, traversing the greenest path with a dynamic optimal speed policy can reduce the CO2 emissions by 1.19% to 10.15% depending on the city and truck type for a moderate payload. They also demonstrate that the average CO2 reduction of the optimal dynamic speed policy is between 2% to 4% for most of the cities, regardless of the truck type. We confirm that disregarding elevation data yields sub-optimal paths that are significantly less CO2 efficient than the greenest paths.

This study focuses on the self-assembly and subsequent diamond growth on SiO$_2$ buffered lithium niobate (LiNbO$_3$) and lithium tantalate (LiTaO$_3$) single crystals. The zeta-potential of LNO and LTO single crystal were measured as a function of pH. They were found to be negative in the pH range 3.5-9.5. The isoelectric point for LNO was found to be at pH $\sim$ 2.91 and that of LTO to be at pH $\sim$ 3.20. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy performed on the surfaces show presence of oxygen groups which may be responsible for the negative zeta potential of the crystals. Self-assembly of nanodiamond particles on LTO and LNO, using nanodiamond colloid, were studied. As expected, high nanodiamond density was seen when self-assembly was done using a positively charged nanodiamond particles. Diamond growth was attempted on the nanodiamond coated substrates but they were found to be unsuitable for direct growth due to disintegration of substrates in diamond growth conditions.. A $\sim$100nm thick silicon dioxide layer was deposited on the crystals, followed by nanodiamond self assembly and diamond growth. Thin diamond films were successfully grown on both coated crystals. The diamond quality was analysed by Raman spectroscopy and atomic force microscopy.

In collaboration with the Arts Education Partnership, Education Commission of the States is turning its attention to STEAM education (adding the "A" for arts), which can promote a more comprehensive approach and provide state policymakers with more policy levers. Several states have already begun implementing STEAM education and are making progress. Yet more can be done to capitalize on the early years to build strong foundational skills. To explore the positive impacts of STEAM education for young learners in pre-K through fifth grade, this Policy Brief highlights four trends from arts integration and STEAM research over the past 20 years. It includes examples, along with implications for each trend, and closes with considerations for state policymakers.

After the recent ground-breaking advances in protein structure prediction, one of the remaining challenges in protein machine learning is to reliably predict distributions of structural states. Parametric models of fluctuations are difficult to fit due to complex covariance structures between degrees of freedom in the protein chain, often causing models to either violate local or global structural constraints. In this paper, we present a new strategy for modelling protein densities in internal coordinates, which uses constraints in 3D space to induce covariance structure between the internal degrees of freedom. We illustrate the potential of the procedure by constructing a variational autoencoder with full covariance output induced by the constraints implied by the conditional mean in 3D, and demonstrate that our approach makes it possible to scale density models of internal coordinates to full protein backbones in two settings: 1) a unimodal setting for proteins exhibiting small fluctuations and limited amounts of available data, and 2) a multimodal setting for larger conformational changes in a high data regime., Comment: Pages: 10 main, 3 references, 8 appendix. Figures: 5 main, 6 appendix

Coarse-grained (CG) molecular dynamics enables the study of biological processes at temporal and spatial scales that would be intractable at an atomistic resolution. However, accurately learning a CG force field remains a challenge. In this work, we leverage connections between score-based generative models, force fields and molecular dynamics to learn a CG force field without requiring any force inputs during training. Specifically, we train a diffusion generative model on protein structures from molecular dynamics simulations, and we show that its score function approximates a force field that can directly be used to simulate CG molecular dynamics. While having a vastly simplified training setup compared to previous work, we demonstrate that our approach leads to improved performance across several small- to medium-sized protein simulations, reproducing the CG equilibrium distribution, and preserving dynamics of all-atom simulations such as protein folding events.

ArtScan at a Glance summarizes state policies for arts education identified in statute or administrative code for all 50 states, plus the District of Columbia and the Department of Defense Education Activity. Information is based on a comprehensive search of state education statute and codes on each state's relevant websites. Complete results from this review are available in an online searchable database at aep-arts.org. [For "2023 ArtScan at a Glance," see ED629530.]

SNAAP research scientist, Angie L. Miller, Indiana University Bloomington, and co-authors Nathan Martin, Arizona State University and Alexandre Frenette, Vanderbilt University, used SNAAP data to explore whether participating in "high-impact practices" (HIPs) such as internships, community service, study abroad, creating a portfolio, and working with an artist in the community are related to various educational, career, and community involvement outcomes for alumni with undergraduate degrees in the arts. This study originated from a presentation at the annual Social Theory, Politics, and the Arts Conference in 2017, and was recently published in "The Journal of Arts Management, Law, and Society."

The SNAAP survey includes questions for alumni to rate both how important the skills they learned in school have been for their careers (perceived importance), and how well their alma maters helped them develop these same skills (perceived preparedness). Survey results and previous SNAAP Data Briefs [see ED612788] suggest a gap between alumni's sense of perceived importance and perceived preparedness (the skill preparation gap). Using three logistic regression models, this study investigates the impact of perceived preparedness and skill preparation gaps on three approaches of arts alumni entrepreneurship: freelancing, founding an arts-related venture, and starting a business of any kind. The study also examines other factors such as family resources, race, and student loans in determining whether someone will start a new venture or work as a freelancer to compare with the influence of university training.

Theatre education research shows the power of the art form to transform students' experiences of themselves as well as their relationships with peers and the larger world. The process and product of theatre learning incorporates creative and technical skills across many learning disciplines. Access to adequately resourced and standards-based theatre education during the school day is an important factor in promoting high-quality theatre experiences. As educators play a crucial role in nurturing students, educator preparation and professional development opportunities in multiple subject areas are also critical in effective theatre education. For this Special Report, the Arts Education Partnership reviewed research studies identified within ArtsEdSearch (the national clearinghouse of arts education research), the International Journal of Education and the Arts and the Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders to explore the importance of theatre in student learning and academic and personal growth. The featured studies show theatre's positive impact on student success and bolster findings that theatre education: (1) Promotes identity development and growth; (2) Builds empathy and relationships among peers; and (3) Empowers participants to transform their understanding of their place in the world.

The Success Stories project collects submissions from organizations that highlight successful arts education programs. These stories demonstrate the benefits of arts education and promote continued collaboration and learning for individuals and organizations working toward student achievement and success. This is the first in a series of success stories about how arts organizations, states, schools and other entities are using funding from the American Rescue Plan (ARP) and the Elementary and Secondary School Emergency Relief Fund (ESSER) to support arts education. Arts Connect Houston is a collective impact organization and the entire collective centers on the idea that strong relationships drive systems and social change. This funding helps expand nearly a decade of relationship-building across stakeholders including Houston Independent School District (HISD), the philanthropic community and local arts and culture organizations.

Research efforts on the low temperature magnetic order and electronic properties of U$_3$O$_8$ have been inconclusive so far. Reinterpreting neutron scattering results, we use group representation theory to show that the ground state presents collinear out-of-plane magnetic moments, with antiferromagnetic coupling both in-layer and between layers. Charge localization relieves the initial geometric frustration, generating a slightly distorted honeycomb sublattice with N\'eel order. We show, furthermore, that spin-orbit coupling has a giant effect on the conduction band states and band gap value. Our results allow a reinterpretation of recent optical absorption measurements., Comment: 12 pages, including supplemental material

We consider a single-echelon inventory system under periodic review with two suppliers facing stochastic demand, where excess demand is backlogged. The expedited supplier has a shorter lead time than the regular supplier but charges a higher unit price. We introduce the Projected Expedited Inventory Position (PEIP) policy, and we show that the relative difference between the long run average cost per period of this policy and the optimal policy converges to zero when both the shortage cost and the cost premium for expedited units become large, with their ratio held constant. A corollary of this result is that several existing heuristics are also asymptotically optimal in this non-trivial regime. We show through an extensive numerical investigation that the PEIP policy outperforms the current best performing heuristic policies in literature.

We study the inbound supply mode and inventory management decision making for a company that sells an assortment of products. Stochastic demand for each product arrives periodically and unmet demand is backlogged. Each product has two distinct supply modes that may be different suppliers or different transport modes from the same supplier. These supply modes differ in terms of their carbon emissions, speed, and costs. The company needs to decide when to ship how much using which supply mode such that total holding, backlog, and procurement costs are minimized while the emissions associated with different supply modes across the assortment remains below a certain target level. Since the optimal policy for this inventory system is highly complex, we assume that shipment decisions for each product are governed by a dual-index policy. This policy dynamically prescribes shipment quantities with both supply modes based on the on-hand inventory, the backlog, and the products that are still in-transit. We formulate this decision problem as a mixed integer linear program that we solve through Dantzig-wolfe decomposition. We benchmark our decision model against two state-of-the-art approaches in a large test-bed based on real-life carbon emissions data. Relative to our decision model, the first benchmark lacks the flexibility to dynamically ship products with two supply modes while the second benchmark makes supply mode decisions for each product individually rather than holistically for the entire assortment. Our computational experiment shows that our decision model can outperform the first and second benchmark by up to 15 and 40 percent, respectively, for realistic targets for carbon emission reduction.

Structures like labor market uncertainty and the demands of the art world shaped what resources arts alumni needed before the pandemic. The specific changes and challenges brought on by COVID-19 are shaping the resources arts graduates need most now. Broadly, artists indicated that the resources most needed during this time were related to professional networks, physical space and equipment, and business advising. As prior SNAAP research firmly establishes, artists need their network, but isolation emerged as the most frequent problem among interviewees. [This research was supported by The Ohio State University Global Arts + Humanities Discovery Theme and by Arts + Design Alumni Research, d.b.a. SNAAP.]

Drawing on data from the Strategic National Arts Alumni Project (SNAAP) internship module fielded in 2015-2017, this report offers several key findings related to historical changes and emerging forms of inequality in the intern economy. In addition to illuminating these findings, this report offers an important addendum to the 2015 SNAAP report (see ED574458) about differences between paid and unpaid internships. While the 2015 report showed that paid internships are tied to positive career outcomes and unpaid internships are far less beneficial in terms of career trajectories, this report suggests two key explanations for this divide: (1) Paid interns are more likely to report higher satisfaction with mentorship and assigned duties that involved creative input or judgment than unpaid interns; and (2) Interns who were satisfied with the mentorship they received and who reported being assigned more creative duties were significantly more likely to get hired at the internship site. [This report was written with Gillian Gualtieri and Megan Robinson. It was produced in cooperation with the University of Texas at Austin's College of Fine Arts and the Curb Center for Art, Enterprise & Public Policy at Vanderbilt. SNAAP is managed by the non-profit, Arts + Design Alumni Research.]

In a one-day count in 2018, an estimated 37,529 youths resided in juvenile placement facilities across the United States. While the estimated number of juveniles in residential placement facilities has dropped by more than half over 20 years, alternative placement to other government juvenile facilities continues to remove youths from their community and education, creating inequitable, unreliable or inaccessible opportunities to engage in the arts. In addition, the COVID-19 pandemic has intensified persistent inequities in the juvenile justice system, particularly access to resources related to youth well-being and developmental success, such as the arts. At the end of 2019, the Arts Education Partnership's (AEP) renewed cooperative agreement with its federal partners identified juvenile justice as a new focus area. AEP began this work with a landscape analysis on engaging the arts across the juvenile justice system, focusing on programs that employ the arts. This research found that engaging the arts across the juvenile justice spectrum of prevention, intervention, transition and healing is an area that merits further exploration. This Policy Brief captures the discussion, insights and policy considerations that came out of a Thinkers Meeting with 11 experts in the arts education and juvenile justice fields. It builds on the report, "Engaging the Arts Across the Juvenile Justice System," by providing examples for building sustainable, arts-based programming. [For "Engaging the Arts Across the Juvenile Justice System," see ED605530.]

This special report looks at how arts-based charter schools in the District of Columbia, Louisiana, Maryland and North Carolina provide access to arts education and integrate the arts schoolwide across curricula, community engagement and teacher professional development.