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Care takes time. Caring, whether with, for, or about a living being or entity that is more-than-human, disrupts expectations of how a linear, human time should progress. To practice care for the contaminated, the lands, waters, and animate life altered by human industry, is to extend that indeterminacy into distant, deeper time. Aesthetic representation of the affective and ethical dimensions of care, in this extreme, offers an experience that can transfer the arguments about nuclear contamination into more nuanced and sensed responses and contributes to current thinking about care in the arts worlds. I was commissioned to make a sculpture exhibition in 2020 as part of an anthropological study into the future of the Sellafield nuclear site in West Cumbria, UK. The exhibition, ‘x = 2140. In the coming 120 years, how can humans decide to dismantle, remember and repair the lands called Sellafield?’, consisted of three sculptural ‘fonts’ which engaged with ideas of knowledge production, nuclear technologies, and the affective dimensions of care about/for/with the contaminated lands and waters. This article presents my intentions for the sculptures in their context of a nuclear-dependent locale: to engage with the experience of nuclear futures without adversarial positioning; to explore the agential qualities of the more-than-human; and to create a stillness expressive of the relationality of the human and the contaminated through which one could fathom what care might feel like. These intentions are alongside theories of time, aesthetics, and care across disciplines: care and relational ethics, science and technology studies, and nuclear culture.

This study focuses on one outstanding theologian from the Church in France; his writings have influenced a whole generation of priests and laity seeking a Christianity that they were on the point of abandoning. In his search for the origins of this disenchantment, Maurice Bellet takes a fresh and unexpected look at the Christian faith, the Church and the society of his time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The developments in the study of digeneans of deep-sea fish in the 21st Century are documented and discussed. Most recent work has been on the bathyal fauna (i.e. 1,000m-2,999 m depth), with virtually nothing on the abyssal fauna (i.e. deeper than 3,000 m). The one study on hydrothermal vent digeneans has indicated that these regions probably harbour a distinctive fauna. The demarcation of the deep-sea fauna is blurred at the poles, where the cold-adapted fauna appears similar to the shallower bathyal fauna. The abyssal fauna, however, appears distinct, possibly due to adaptations to variable or ultra-high pressures. The digenean fauna of bathypelagic fishes is depauperate. Recent phylogenetic studies reinforce the view that the typical deep-sea fauna has radiated in the deep-sea. Encroachment into the deep from shallow water is relatively rare. Overall, the digenean fauna in the deep-sea is distinctly less diverse that the equivalent fauna in shallow waters. A major conclusion is that our understanding of the deep-sea digenean fauna is poor, and that much further work over a much wider area is needed. Image 1 • Sampling effort in the deep-sea is poor and restricted to a few areas. • Deep-sea digenean diversity is distinctly lower than in shallow water. • Much of the deep-sea digenean fauna appears to have radiated in the deep-sea. • Encroachment into the very deep sea from shallow waters is rare. • Adaptation to cold temperature appears to be a major factor in deep-sea digeneans. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Plant mitochondrial genomes vary widely in size. Although many plant mitochondrial genomes have been sequenced and assembled, the vast majority are of angiosperms, and few are of gymnosperms. Most plant mitochondrial genomes are smaller than a megabase, with a few notable exceptions. We have sequenced and assembled the complete 5.5-Mb mitochondrial genome of Sitka spruce (Picea sitchensis), to date, one of the largest mitochondrial genomes of a gymnosperm. We sequenced the whole genome using Oxford Nanopore MinION, and then identified contigs of mitochondrial origin assembled from these long reads based on sequence homology to the white spruce mitochondrial genome. The assembly graph shows a multipartite genome structure, composed of one smaller 168-kb circular segment of DNA, and a larger 5.4-Mb single component with a branching structure. The assembly graph gives insight into a putative complex physical genome structure, and its branching points may represent active sites of recombination. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper closely examines the translation of the Hebrew word תהום – abyss (Genesis 1:2), in two versions of the Buber-Rosenzweig Bible: In the first edition of Die Schrift published 1926 the abyss is translated as "Abgrund". However, after Rosenzweig's death, the "Abgrund" is erased by Buber and replaced in later versions (1930/1952/1962) by the rather odd word "Urwirbel." This paper reflects on the transition from "Abgrund" to "Urwirbel" and demonstrates the profound rootedness of Buber and Rosenzweig in the German philosophical vocabulary of the early twentieth century. It shows how the conversion from "Abgrund" to "Urwirbel" crystalized a moment in German-Jewish thought, a historical meeting point in the depths of the abyss between the German and the Hebrew languages. The encounter was covered by the course of history but deserves to be revisited and reinterpreted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hermeneutics has multiple conceptions, oscillates between an interpretative technique, meaning and significance philosophy, as well as the foundation of the sciences of the spirit. These three conceptions make hermeneutics a methodology, a philosophy and, at the same time, an epistemology. Different visions of hermeneutics, many of them conceived historically, from its emergence in ancient times, to its rescue in modernity. These ideas about hermeneutics coexist in the philosophy of the 21st century, point to tensions, conditions and chasms in the interpretation. This article examines these three aspects, in order to contribute to an expanded notion of hermeneutics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The concentrations of dissolved monosaccharides (MCHO), polysaccharides (PCHO), and total carbohydrates (TCHO) in the seawater samples collected from the north of the Yap Trench in the western Pacific Ocean were measured by 2,4,6-tripyridine-s-triazine (TPTZ) spectrophotometry method. The results show that the concentrations of MCHO, PCHO, and TCHO ranged from 4.6 to 22.1 μmol C/L, 3.5 to 27.3 μmol C/L, and 13.8 to 36.3 μmol C/L, respectively. In different sampling stations, the concentrations of MCHO, PCHO, and TCHO with water depth showed complex variation patterns. In the study area, the maximum concentrations of MCHO, PCHO, and TCHO occurred in the euphotic layer and the minimum concentrations occurred in mesopelagic seawater layer. Generally, the concentrations of MCHO, PCHO, and TCHO decreased with water depth from the euphotic layer to the hadal zone. The average value of PCHO/TCHO was higher than the average value of MCHO/TCHO, indicating that PCHO was the main component of TCHO in north of the Yap Trench. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Diferents: Revista de Museus is the property of Diferents. Revista de Museus and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In films, the night transforms the landscapes, upsets our perception and entails a hybridization of the represented worlds. The night reveals a composite material. The frequent characteristics of these latter explain why the fictions develop an imagination of the nocturnal geography and allow to explore some of their common attributes. The night becomes an idea-shape of movies. These explore a specific question and a tension: Is the hybridity a matter of a singular universe, ontologically foreign to our world, or are we all hybrids? Indeed, the night causes new looks. Therefore, a movie is not a simple list of places which would be characterized by their qualities. A movie is a geographer because the fiction creates spaces and describes them. Meanwhile, the geography is an intelligence of the space: therefore, through the expression and the exploration of nocturnal geographies, the cinema enriches our thoughts on humankind and world. On the one hand, the night recomposes the diurnal geography, what underlines its hybridity. On the other hand, the night influences the judgments which concern the characters or the represented universe: this nocturnal geography hybridises these judgments.

According to the four semiotic regimes proposed by Eric Landowski, the social semiotician of post Gremassian tradition, four different space regimes entitled space, "network", "texture", "spinning" and "the abyss", can be distinguished one from the other. In fact, the basis of these spatial regimes goes back to semiotic and interactive systems. The semiotic system of "programmation" or operation in the world, whose basis is "order" is the basis of the texture- spatial system.The semiotic manipulation system based on intentionality is the basis of the network spatial regime. The rotating or spiral- spatial system is defined by the semiotic regime called "abyss" based on the perceptual-sensory state and, finally, the spatial regime which relies on the semiotic regime of accident based on luck. The main purpose of this article is to introduce each of these spatial regimes and to discuss the formation of each of them. The current research tries to investigate the basics and infrastructure of each of these spatial regimes proposed by Eric Landowski's semiotic and interactive regimes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Escritura e Imagen is the property of Universidad Complutense de Madrid and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Regarded by many as the pre-eminent Islamicist of the twentieth century, Henry Corbin is also the subject of much criticism, aimed primarily at his supposed overemphasis on the mythological aspects of Islamic philosophy and his idiosyncratic privileging of the concept of the imaginal world. Taking seriously an unusual claim made by Steven Wasserstrom in Religion after Religion that the redeployment of Schelling's concept of tautegory by Corbin reveals all that is wrong with his work, this essay seeks to defend both the concept and Corbin's use of it. Developed by Schelling in his late work on mythology, the concept of tautegory turns out to be, for historical and theoretical reasons, a revelatory switch point. Not only does it make clear why the imaginal 'locus' is key to understanding the unity of God – the oneness of his apophatic and revealed dimensions – it also gives us profound insights into the links connecting Islamic philosophy, German Idealism, and psychoanalysis, which all take their bearings from the esoteric or mystical idea of an unconscious abyss. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Space Regimes - Based on a general model of interaction, the present analysis attempts to account for the diversity of the ways space may be apprehended in lived experience. It leads to the definition of four configurations that correspond to as many regimes of relation with the environing world. The conventional space of the circulation of values takes the archetypical shape of the net (incarnated today by Internet). The operational space is that of our dealing with objects within a material environment seen as a tissue of stable and intelligible relations. The experienced space of bodies’ movement, to which one may give as an emblem the spiral, expresses the dynamics of sensitive relationships between the self and the other. The existential space is that of our presence in a universe without boundaries, which no one can properly represent oneself but that nonetheless haunts art and thought: its figure is the abyss.

Abstract: A new genus and new species of semnoderid kinorhynchs, Parasemnoderes intermedius gen. nov., sp. nov. collected from the abyssal plane at the south border of the Kuril-Kamchatka Trench at the depth 5348 m is described and illustrated using light and electron microscopy. This new representative of the family Semnoderidae is characterized by the structure of the first trunk segment consisting of externally closed cuticular ring with indistinct intracuticular tergosternal junctions. Cuticular ring of the first trunk segment is with deep and narrow middorsal incision and much broader midventral incision filled by midventral placid. Lateroventral spines aciculate, on trunk segments 3-9. Lateroventral accessory spines are minute, only on trunk segment 5. Laterodorsal spines on trunk segment 10. Parasemnoderes intermedius gen. nov, sp. nov. constitutes the third genus the Semnoderidae described so far (Semnoderes and Sphenoderes) and the first species of this family described from the abyssal depth. The total species number of the family Semnoderidae has been increased up to 6. A key to the species of the family Semnoderidae is proposed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract A new species of echinoderid kinorhynchs, Meristoderes okhotensis sp. nov. collected from oxidized brown silt at Kuril Basin, the deepest depression of the Sea of Okhotsk, northwestern Pacific, is described and illustrated using light and electron microscopy. This new representative of the most recently described genus Meristoderes from the family Echinoderidae is characterized by the structure of the second trunk segment consisting of an externally closed cuticular ring with indistinct intracuticular tergosternal junctions which are remarkably curved. This segment also bears pairs of subdorsal, laterodorsal and ventrolateral adhesive tubules. Trunk segment 5 with tubules in lateroventral position. Aciculate lateroventral spines on trunk segments 6–9. Meristoderes okhotensis sp. nov. is the only representative of the genus with two middorsal spines, on trunk segments 6 and 8. This species is well recognized by its exceptionally long tergal extensions of trunk segment 11, some of the longest within all kinorhynch species. Meristoderes okhotensis sp. nov. appears the deepest representative of the family Echinoderidae described so far. It constitutes the eighth species and the first deepwater representative of the genus Meristoderes. Also, this is the first species of kinorhynchs described from the Sea of Okhotsk. A key to the species of the genus Meristoderes is proposed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The initial, anthropocentric view of the deep ocean was that of a hostile environment inhabited by organisms rendered lethargic by constant high pressure, low temperature and sparse food supply, hence evolving slowly. This conceptual framework of a spatially and temporally homogeneous, connected, strongly bottom-up controlled habitat implied a strong constraint on, or poor incentive for, speciation. Hence, the discovery in the late 1960s of high species diversity of abyssal benthic invertebrates came as a surprise. Since then, the slow-motion view of deep-sea ecology and evolution has speeded up and diversified in the light of increasing evidence accumulating from in situ visual observations complemented by molecular and other tools. The emerging picture is that of a much livelier, highly diversified and more complex deep-sea fauna than previously assumed. In this review we examine the consequences of the incoming information for developing a broader view of evolutionary ecology in the deep sea, and for scavenging amphipods in particular. We revisit the food supply to the deep-sea floor and hypothesize that the dead bodies of animals, ranging from zooplankton to large fish are likely to be a more important source of food than their friable faeces. Camera observations of baited traps indicate that amphipod carrion-feeders arrive within hours at the bait which continues to draw new individuals for days to months later, presumably by scent trails in tidal currents. We explore the different stages of food acquisition upon which natural selection may have acted, from detection to ingestion, and discuss the possibility of a broader range of food acquisition strategies, including predation and specializations. Although currently neglected in deep-sea ecology, top-down factors are likely to play a more important role in the evolution of deep-sea organisms. Predation on amphipods at baits by bathyal and abyssal fishes, and large predatory crustaceans in the hadal zone, is often observed. Finally, we develop hypotheses regarding the effects of past, present and imminent anthropogenic activities on scavenger biomass and how these can be tested with the most modern tools. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article approaches the notion of religion present in the 1968 film, Theorema, by Italian filmmaker Pier Paolo Pasolini. Critics tend to interpret this film as indicating a certain crisis in the capitalist system. So, in this film, Pasolini would seek to highlight the crisis of the bourgeois family institution, considered as an important means of propagation and continuity of capitalism. The article aims, without denying this social perspective entirely, to highlight the religious element as central in the film, showing how criticism of bourgeois society is carried out from religion. Religion is understood as hierophany, with the unexpected arrival of a visitor to the house of a Milan high-class family, revealing what each one has of demonic and divine, process that takes place through the following structure: seduction, confession and transformation. In this way, the visitor (of whom no name is known, nor from where he comes or where he goes, he almost nothing speaks, but whose very presence is what "annoys") causes in the bourgeois family ( father, mother, daughter, son and maid) a restlessness that leads to involvement. After the announcement of his departure, the crisis is established in each of the family members, exposed in the confession that each one makes to him. Finally, all feel deterritorialized, facing the lack of foundation to which the lived experience throws them. In this way, religion can be understood as the manifestation of something unknown and that deconstructs what was considered to be ordinary, that is, everyday life, led to the recognition of the abyss that permeates everything. Religion has to do with experiences of crisis (visible in the various images of the desert that interpose with the narrative) that everything relativizes, including the values of bourgeois society. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Clarion-Clipperton Zone (CCZ) in the East Pacific is a vast region targeted for deep-sea mineral exploration, for which there are almost no published taxonomic data. Here we describePlenaster craigigen. nov. sp. nov. from depths of ∼4000 m in the eastern CCZ polymetallic nodule province. Despite over 40 years of intense exploration in the area, we reveal thatP. craigisp. nov. is the most abundant sponge and the most common metazoan encrusting on nodules in our study area at the eastern CCZ. It has a mean abundance of 15.3 ± 8.9 individuals per m2across 11 stations in a 30 × 30 km study site nested within the Singapore exploration area. The white encrusting sponge is filled with spheroxyasters with occasional styles protruding the surface.Plenaster craigisp. nov. is morphologically similar to genera from three different families in two orders:Timea(Timeidae; Tethyida);HemiasterellaandLeptosastra(Hemiasterellidae; Tethyida); andParatimea(Stelligeridae; Axinellida). However, based on the molecular (COI and 28S) phylogenetic trees generated in this study,P. craigisp. nov. was located in the Order Axinellida and appeared to be distant toTimea,Hemiasterella,Leptosastra, andParatimea. We propose a new genus for our material to be placed provisionally in the family Stelligeridae, as it is the only family in the order Axinellida whose members possess euasters. This provisional placement may change when sequences of the type specimens of these genera and advanced phylogenetic reconstruction methods become available in the future. However, we have shown clearly thatPlenastergen. nov. is unique and distinct from all currently known taxa.Plenaster craigisp. nov. being an abundant metazoan encrusting on nodule and easily identified filter-feeding animal is a potentially indicator species for future mining impacts in the eastern CCZ, and possibly across the entire CCZ. LSID:urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:99D2DDBA-4643-4752-8C8A-AFF314E6B6E3 [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

This article examines Schelling's understanding of Laozi 老子. It begins with Schelling's reception of Laozi's text and its translation. The main part of this article focuses on Schelling's discussion of Laozi in his Philosophy of Mythology. It then compares some of the key concepts mentioned in Schelling's comments and their respective counterparts in Laozi: nothingness and wu 無, portal and abyss, reason and dao 道, name and concept, nature and ziran 自然, and so on, and analyzes the possible reasons for his sympathetic understanding of Laozi as against his own philosophical system. The main argument is that Schelling's romantic tendency means that he can have an alternative understanding of Laozi. Finally it concludes with a few remarks on the differences between Schelling and Laozi in terms of their philosophical systems and methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The global surge in demand for metals such as cobalt and nickel has created unprecedented interest in deep-sea habitats with mineral resources. The largest area of activity is a 6 million km2 region known as the Clarion-Clipperton Zone (CCZ) in the central and eastern Pacific, regulated by the International Seabed Authority (ISA). Baseline biodiversity knowledge of the region is crucial to effective management of environmental impact from potential deep-sea mining activities, but until recently this has been almost completely lacking. The rapid growth in taxonomic outputs and data availability for the region over the last decade has allowed us to conduct the first comprehensive synthesis of CCZ benthic metazoan biodiversity for all faunal size classes. Here we present the CCZ Checklist, a biodiversity inventory of benthic metazoa vital to future assessments of environmental impacts. An estimated 92% of species identified from the CCZ are new to science (436 named species from a total of 5,578 recorded). This is likely to be an overestimate owing to synonyms in the data but is supported by analysis of recent taxonomic studies suggesting that 88% of species sampled in the region are undescribed. Species richness estimators place total CCZ metazoan benthic diversity at 6,233 (+/−82 SE) species for Chao1, and 7,620 (+/−132 SE) species for Chao2, most likely representing lower bounds of diversity in the region. Although uncertainty in estimates is high, regional syntheses become increasingly possible as comparable datasets accumulate. These will be vital to understanding ecological processes and risks of biodiversity loss. • We provide the first checklist for the Clarion Clipperton Zone (CCZ) metazoan fauna • 5,142 unnamed species (informal names) are recorded from the CCZ • Total estimates of species richness range from >6,000–>8,000 • An estimated 88%–92% of species in the CCZ region in total are undescribed Species-level biodiversity information is key to understanding ecosystems and tracking environmental impacts. Rabone et al. provide the first checklist (436 species) and total species estimates (>6,000–>8,000) for the world's largest mineral exploration region, the CCZ. Estimates provide a baseline to build biodiversity knowledge at a regional scale. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An examination of Nigeria’s nationhood in the themes of Inflorescence (1989) and Cotyledons (2009) reveals a dogged inscription of Esiaba Irobi’s poems within the context of Nigeria’s interweaving socio-political tragedies: the rapacious rape of her resources by the successive political class, the continuous violation of her humanistic ethos by the rampaging military institution, and the ignoble dispossession of her hopeless downtrodden masses. Irobi portrays a dialectical juxtaposition of the fragmented and haunted existentialism in Nigeria against the sanity and sanctity for human rights obtainable in the Western nations. The grounding of Nigeria’s disillusionment further underscores Nigeria’s stand on the brink of a political precipice. The paper aims to evaluate how Esiaba Irobi’s Inflorescence and Cotyledons have implicitly challenged Nigeria’s inability to live up to its expectations of fulfilling the present and future aspirations of its teeming population in the areas of human and infrastructural developments.

This article presents a reading of Paul Celan's Der Meridian speech that draws attention to its countertextual impulse. Celan's most sustained reflection on poetry begins by making a distinction between art, which he describes as 'uncanny', and poetry, which has the power to bear witness to the 'presence of the human'. The development of Der Meridian, however, reveals that this stark distinction is untenable. Celan will go on to show that art and poetry are more intricately related than he first suggests. Whilst the uncanniness of art estranges and forgets the human, it also provides the necessary position from which to turn toward the human. Hence Celan's claim that poetry must tread the route of art if it is to bear witness to the human. This article locates the countertextual in the encounter between poetry and art, and argues that Celan's exploration of the 'uncanny' is central to his reflections on poetry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The deep Peru Basin is characterised by a unique abyssal scavenging community featuring large numbers of hermit crabs (Probeebei mirabilis , Decapoda, Crustacea). These are atypical hermit crabs, not carrying a shell, but on some occasions carrying an anemone (Actiniaria). The reason why some hermit crabs carry or not carry anemones is thought to be indicative of a changed environment, outweighing the cost/benefit of their relationship. Here we present the temporal variation of abundances of P. mirabilis with and without anemones, spanning more than two decades, following a benthic impact experiment. An overall decrease in hermit crab densities was observed, most noticeable and significant after 26 years and characterised by a loss of Actiniaria on the Probeebei mirabilis ' pleon. Whether this is a delayed response to the benthic impact experiment carried out 26 years' prior or a natural variation in the population remains to be corroborated by an extension of the time-series. Attention is drawn to the limitations of our knowledge over time and space of the abyssal community dynamics and the urgent necessity to fill in these gaps prior to any type of deep-sea exploitation. • Probeebei mirabilis with or without anemone as indicator of changed environment. • 26 years after disturbance population densities changed significantly. • Possible delayed response to anthropogenic disturbance experiment. • Need for long-term (>30 yrs) monitoring surveys post-disturbance in the abyss. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Review of: Simon D. Podmore, Kierkegaard and the Self Before God Anatomy of the Abyss, Indiana Series in the Philosophy of Religion, Bloomington, 2011, 280p.

Among Romanian poets of the 60s, as far as “exploring the abyss” is concerned and in an entirely innovative fashion, Ana Blandiana stands out as the second feminine voice, after Magda Isanos.Ana Blandiana avoids what might currently be called journalistic lyricism, circumstantial or political poetry. She remains faithful to her lyrical formula, with abysmal implications or depths. The poet rejects didacticism, journalistic referentiality, as well as literary rhetoric. The purpose and mission of poetry is, in the author’s view, to see the world integrally, in its multiple relations and meanings, subject to universal laws, as is artistic thought.

In this article, we seek to put into perspective the adventure of Sancho Panza in the ravine after Barataria in comparison with the defeat and the penitence of the king Rodrigo. We have based the study on chapter lv of the second part of Don Quijote —and also on some earlier chapters— and on our knowledge of the Romancero of Rodrigo. It seems that Cervantes establishes correspondences between Sancho and Rodrigo (with citations and parallelisms in the situations), but this done in order to highlight the contrasting features.

Largely driven by huge reductions in per-base costs, sequencing nucleic acids has become a near-ubiquitous technique in laboratories performing biological and biomedical research. Most of the effort goes to re-sequencing, but assembly of de novogenerated, raw sequence reads into contigs that span as much of the genome as possible is central to many projects. Although truly complete coverage is not realistically attainable, maximizing the amount of sequence that can be correctly assembled into contigs contributes to coverage. Here we compare three commonly used assembly algorithms (ABySS, Velvet and SOAPdenovo2), and show that empirical optimization of k-mer values has a disproportionate influence on de novo assembly of a eukaryotic genome, the nematode parasite Meloidogynechitwoodi. Each assembler was challenged with ~40 million Iluumina II paired-end reads, and assemblies performed under a range of k-mer sizes. In each instance, the optimal k-mer was 127, although based on N50 values, ABySS was more efficient than the others. That the assembly was not spurious was established using the "Core Eukaryotic Gene Mapping Approach", which indicated that 98.79% of the M. chitwoodi genome was accounted for by the assembly. Subsequent gene finding and annotation are consistent with this and suggest that k-mer optimization contributes to the robustness of assembly. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The genome sequences of the plastid and mitochondrion of white spruce (Picea glauca) were assembled from whole-genome shotgun sequencing data using ABySS. The sequencing data contained reads from both the nuclear and organellar genomes, and reads of the organellar genomes were abundant in the data as each cell harbors hundreds of mitochondria and plastids. Hence, assembly of the 123-kb plastid and 5.9-Mb mitochondrial genomes were accomplished by analyzing data sets primarily representing low coverage of the nuclear genome. The assembled organellar genomes were annotated for their coding genes, ribosomal RNA, and transfer RNA. Transcript abundances of the mitochondrial genes were quantified in three developmental tissues and five mature tissues using data from RNA-seq experiments. C-to-U RNA editing was observed in the majority of mitochondrial genes, and in four genes, editing events were noted to modify ACG codons to create cryptic AUG start codons. The informatics methodology presented in this study should prove useful to assemble organellar genomes of other plant species using whole-genome shotgun sequencing data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present paper intends to offer an x-ray of Alexandru Vlad's prose, thus proving its postmodernist features; a brilliant translator of modernist American and British writers, Alexandru Vlad proves to be a rather tough enterprise whenever a critical attempt of including his fiction within a rigid, canonical literary paradigm has been performed, since his writing is continuously changing its interior rhythm, permanently searching for its inner voice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]