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Objective: To investigate the association of p53 codon 72 and p53 intron 3 (PIN3) polymorphism with susceptibility to epithelial ovarian cancer in northern Chinese women., Methods: p53 codon 72 and PIN3 genotyping was performed by DNA fragments with sequence specific primers among 124 patients with ovarian cancer and 128 healthy control women., Results: The frequency of the Pro and Arg allele among ovarian cancer patients and healthy controls were 53.2%, 46.8% and 46.1%, 53.9%. No significant difference in distribution of allelotype was shown between the two groups (chi(2) = 2.563, P = 0.109). The genotype frequencies of Pro/Pro, Pro/Arg, and Arg/Arg among ovarian cancer and healthy controls were 29.0%, 48.4%, 22.6% and 21.1%, 50.0%, 28.9% respectively. No significant difference was shown between the cases and controls (chi(2) = 2.598, P = 0.273). When the epithelial ovarian cancer patients were grouped according to the pathological characteristics, no significant difference was observed between the patients with serous cystadenocarcinoma or endometrioid carcinoma and the control group or between the two carcinoma groups for p53 codon 72 Pro/Arg (P > 0.05). When the epithelial ovarian cancer patients were divided into two subgroups according to the International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) standard, there was a significant difference between the early group (I approximately II) and the late group (III approximately IV) for Arg allelotype and Arg/Arg genotype (chi(2) = 7.494, P = 0.006 and chi(2) = 8.318, P = 0.004). The frequency of A, A'allelotype among ovarian cancer patients and healthy controls was 94.8%, 5.2% and 94.5%, 5.5%, no significant difference was shown between two groups (chi(2) = 0.013, P = 0.91). The genotype frequency of AA, AA', A'A' was not significantly different between the ovarian cancer and healthy controls (chi(2) = 0.301, P = 0.583). There was no significant difference in the frequencies of allelotypes and genotypes between patients with serous systadenocarcinoma and those with endometrioid carcinoma and between patients with ovarian cancers and the control subjects (all P > 0.05). The frequencies of allelotypes and genotypes were not significantly different between early and late ovarian cancers (chi(2) = 0.014, P = 0.906 and chi(2) = 0.137, P = 0.711)., Conclusions: In northern Chinese women, p53 codon 72 Pro/Arg and p53 PIN3 gene polymorphisms are not associated with development of ovarian cancer. Arg/Arg genotype may be used as a stratification marker according to the standards of FIGO for ovarian cancer.

Aim: To investigate the possible association of microsomal epoxide hydrolase (mEH) Tyr113His polymorphism with susceptibility to esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) in a population of North China., Methods: The mEH Tyr113His genotypes were determined by polymerase-chain reaction (PCR)-restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis in 257 patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) and 252 healthy subjects as a control group., Results: The frequencies for Tyr and His alleles were 44.2%, 55.8% in ESCC patients, and 44.0% and 56.0% in healthy subjects, respectively. No statistic difference in allele distribution was observed between ESCC patients and controls (chi2=0.008, P=0.929). The overall genotype distribution difference was not observed between cancer cases and controls (chi2=2.116, P=0.347). Compared with Tyr/Tyr genotype, neither His/His genotype nor in combination with Tyr/His genotype significantly modified the risk of the development of ESCC, the adjusted odds ratio was 1.076 (95% CI=0.850-1.361) and 0.756 (95% CI=0.493-1.157), respectively. When stratified for sex, age, smoking status and family history of upper gastrointestinal cancer, His/His genotype alone or in combination with Tyr/His genotype also did not show any significant influence on the risk of developing ESCC., Conclusion: MEH Tyr113His polymorphism may not be used as a stratification marker in screening individuals at a high risk of ESCC.

Objective: To investigate the association of the NAD(P)H: quinone oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1) C609T polymorphism with susceptibility to esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) in a northern Chinese population., Methods: The NQO1 C609T genotypes were determined by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphisms (PCR-RFLP) analysis in 193 patients with ESCC and 141 unrelated healthy controls., Results: The frequency of the T allele (null) among ESCC patients was significantly higher than that among healthy controls (Chi-square=4.86, P=0.028). The NQO1 C/C and C/T genotype distribution among ESCC patients was not significantly different from that among healthy controls (Chi-square= 2.27 and 0.127; P=0.132 and 0.721, respectively). However, the T/T genotype frequency among ESCC patients was significantly higher than that among healthy controls (Chi-square=4.39, P=0.036). The NQO1 T/T genotype significantly increased the risk for developing ESCC, compared to the combination of C/C and C/T genotypes, with the adjusted odds ratio (OR) of 1.81 (95%CI: 1.04-3.15). This increased susceptibility exhibited pronouncedly in patients with family history of upper gastrointestinal cancers (adjusted OR=2.22, 95%CI 1.18-4.17)., Conclusion: Determination of the NQO1 C609T genotype may be used as a stratification marker to predicate high-risk individuals for ESCC.

Aim: To investigate the association of the NQO1 (C609T) polymorphism with susceptibility to esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) and gastric cardiac adenocarcinoma (GCA) in North China., Methods: The NQO1 C609T genotypes were determined by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) analysis in 317 cancer patients (193 ESCC and 124 GCA) and 165 unrelated healthy controls., Results: The NQO1 C609T C/C, C/T and T/T genotype frequency among healthy controls was 31.5 %, 52.1 % and 16.4 % respectively. The NQO1 T/T genotype frequency among ESCC patients (25.9 %) was significantly higher than that among healthy controls (chi(2)=4.79, P=0.028). The NQO1 T/T genotype significantly increased the risk for developing ESCC compared with the combination of C/C and C/T genotypes, with an age, sex and smoking status adjusted odds ratio (OR) of 1.78 (1.04-2.98). This increased susceptibility was pronounced in ESCC patients with family histories of upper gastrointestinal cancers (UGIC) (adjusted OR=2.20, 95 % CI=1.18-3.98). Similarly, the susceptibility of the NQO1 T/T genotype to GCA development was also observed among patients with family histories of UGIC, with an adjusted odds ratio of 2.55 (95 % CI=1.21-5.23), whereas no difference in NQO1 genotype distribution was shown among patients without family histories of UGIC., Conclusion: Determination of the NQO1 C609T genotype may be used as a stratification marker to predicate the individuals at high risk for developing ESCC and GCA in North China.

Objective: To investigate the association of p53 codon 72 polymorphism with susceptibility to esophageal cancer and lung cancer in the northern Chinese population., Methods: p53 codon 72 genotyping was performed by amplifying DNA fragments with sequence specific primers among 173 patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma, 98 with non-small cell lung carcinoma as well as 136 healthy controls., Results: No significant difference of p53 allelotype and genotype distribution was observed between esophageal cancer and lung cancer patients. The Pro allele frequency was significantly higher among esophageal cancer and lung cancer patients than among healthy controls (P value was 0.024 and 0.027 respectively). There were no significant differences in Pro/Arg and Arg/Arg genotype frequency among cancer patients and healthy controls (P > 0.05). However, the Pro/Pro genotype frequency was significantly higher among esophageal cancer and lung cancer patients than among healthy controls (P value was 0.041 and 0.026 respectively). The risk of Pro homozygotes for both esophageal cancer and lung cancer was about 2 times against Arg homozygotes with adjusted odds ratio of 2.12 (95% CI = 1.13 - 4.01) and 2.30 (95% CI = 1.13 - 4.93), respectively. There was no interaction between p53 Pro/Pro genotype and smoking status to the risk for esophageal cancer and lung cancer., Conclusion: In the northern Chinese population, p53 Pro/Pro genotype is an independent risk factor for both esophageal cancer and lung cancer. The possible common genetic basis of the development of these two cancers is suggested by this study.

Objective: To investigate the association of Cyclin D1 (A870G) single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) with the susceptibility to esophageal and cardiac cancer in northern Chinese population., Methods: By polymerase chain reaction-single strand conformation polymorphism analysis (PCR-SSCP), the Cyclin D1 (A870G) genotyping was performed among 178 patients with esophageal or esophageal -gastric junction carcinoma (120 with esophageal squamous cell cancer and 58 with cardiac adenoma cancer) and 122 health controls., Results: There were no significant differences in Cyclin D1 (A870G) allele frequencies between cancer patients and health controls (P = 0.075). There is no genotype distribution difference was found between non-smoker patients and controls (P > 0.05). The risk for esophageal and cardiac cancer is 2.5 times higher in A/A genotype carried smokers than that in A/G or G/G genotype carried non-smokers, with the adjusted Odd Ratio of 2.57 (95% confidence interval is 1.19 approximately 5.57). The G/G genotype reduces the susceptibility to esophageal cancer, with the adjusted Odd Ratio of 0.39 and 95% confidence interval of 0.18 - 0.82. The A/A frequency in cardiac patients (34.48%) is higher than that in health controls (23.77%) but the difference does not reach significant (P = 0.212)., Conclusion: In northern Chinese population, the smoking individuals carrying Cyclin D1 (A870G) A/A genotype increase the susceptibility to esophageal and cardiac cancer. The G/G genotype probably plays a protecting role in the occurrence of esophageal cancer.