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Calcifying odontogenic cysts (COC) were immunohistochemically described using different keratin proteins and involucrin as well as histopathology. The cystic lining epithelium was composed of calcifying, keratinizing, squamous, and columnar epithelial cells, and included calcified masses of irregular shape and various size as well as ghost cells. Calcifying epithelium gave negative or only trace staining for keratins detected with low molecular keratin (PKK1), but were regularly positive with high molecular keratin (KL1) and polyclonal antibody for keratin (TK). They were occasionally positive for involucrin. The cells located in the periphery of the calcified masses had a particular abundance of high molecular weight and total keratins (KL1 and TK). Calcified bodies and ghost cells were devoid of any immunoreactivity. Squamous epithelium was relatively similar to that of normal squamous cell epithelium in the oral mucosa. It were most commonly found in columnar cystic epithelial cells which displayed intense staining with all immunoreagents. It is postulated that such epithelial cells may have a strong potentiality to transform into ghost cells or to undergo metaplasia. They may develop altered synthesis of homogenous acellular materials and finally become transformed into calcifying epithelium containing dystrophic calcified masses.

The effects of 3,4-dihydroxyphenylserine (DOPS), a nonnatural precursor of noradrenaline, on the sleep-wakefulness patterns of rats were studied. When the animals received an intraperitoneal injection of L-erythro-DOPS (200 mg/kg), a significantincrease in slow wave sleep and a tendency to decrease wakefulness were observed during the first 2 hours after the injection. Paradoxical sleep increased 4–8 hours after the treatment. A simultaneous injection of benserazide (20 mg/kg) enhanced these effects. L-threo-DOPS (200 mg/kg, i.p.) had no effect on the sleep-wakefulness patterns. The effects ofDOPS on the concentrations of brain catecholamines and serotonin in rats were also examined. An intraperitoneal injection of L-erythro-DOPS markedly increased the concentration of noradrenaline (probably the d-form) and decreased that of serotonin and dopamine. L-threo-DOPS had no effect on the brain monoamine levels of the rats in the present experimental condition. The effects of L-erythro-DOPS on the neurons containing noradrenaline in the rats were examined by fluorescence histochemistry. Fluorescence in the neuronal perikarya and fibers containing noradrenaline markedly increased in the n. coeruleus, n. paraventricularis and cerebral cortex after an intraperitoneal injection of amino acid. Fibers containing the fluorescence also increased in the second two areas.

Transitional carcinomas of the urinary bladder were examined immunohistochemically for keratin proteins with the use of polyclonal antiserum (TK, 41-65 kDa) and 3 monoclonal antibodies (KL 1, 55-57 kDa; PKK 1, nos. 19, 18, 8; and K 8.12, nos. 16, 13). Umbrella cells gave particularly strong staining for TK, KL 1 and PKK 1, whereas they were negative for K 8.12. Basal- and intermediate-layer cells in urothelial epithelium were moderately positive for all keratins. Brunn's nests cells showed comparatively slight or moderate keratin staining, and K 8.12 staining of Brunn's nests was higher than in urothelial epithelial cells. Transitional carcinoma (grades I and II) indicated uniform keratin distribution, and staining was strong with TK, while that of KL 1, PKK 1 and K 8.12 varied, and grade III tumors showed the lowest intensity of staining. K 8.12 staining in papillary transitional carcinomas was strongly positive in basal located tumor cells, as compared with apical tumor cells. Squamous cell carcinoma was varying positive to keratin reactions dependent on the degree of keratinization. Heterogenity of keratin distribution in papillary transitional carcinomas was given between basal tumor cells and well differentiated tumor cells including umbrella-like cells.

We carried out the photoluminescence measurements at low temperature for Be-doped GaAs. Samples were grown by molecular beam epitaxy and Be con- centration was varied by controlling the cell temperature of Be. Besides the well-defined emission, [g-g], which is observed for the acceptor con- centration [A] from ∼ 5x1016 cm-3 to ∼ 1x1018 cm-3 and which shows steep red shift with increasing [A], we observed two unusual emissions temporarily denoted by [g-g]α and [g-g]β. These emissions were commonly observed just below bound exciton emissions for heavily-doped region of [A]>1x1018 cm-3. [g-g]α indicated a strong blue shift with increasing [A] and its energy can become larger than the direct band-gap energy of undoped GaAs at 2K when [A] exceeds 5x1019 cm-3. On the other hand, [g-g]β was observed in the vicinity of the band-to-acceptor emission and showed red shift with increas- ing [A]. We here proposed a model that these two emissions are attributed to the binding states of acceptor-acceptor pair formed by the overlapping of the wave functions in the ground state of an isolated acceptor. This situation is principally different from that of [g-g] in which the formation of acceptor-acceptor pair was ascribed to the overlapping of the wave func- tions of 2P excited state. It was revealed that the theoretical estimation made through the simplified calculation agreed qualitatively well with the dependence of [g-g]β on [A]. However this calculation presented unsatisfac- tory agreement with the features of [g-g]α and it was suggested that another physical conjecture such as a formation of GaAs-Be alloy should be proposed.

Recently we found two new emissions denoted by 'g' and [g-g] in the low temperature photoluminescence (PL) spectra of acceptor-impurity incorporated GaAs. 'g is situated at an energy slightly below that of the bound exciton emissions. [g-g] is situated just below 'g' and shows a significant energy-shift towards the lower energy side with increasing acceptor concentration,[A]. Previously we proposed a model in which [g-g] was ascribed to the acceptor-acceptor pair formed by the overlapping of wave functions of the 2p state of the isolated acceptors. Although the calculated energy as a function of [A] showed qualitative agreement with the experimental results, it was always larger than the observed binding energy of [g-g]. In this paper it is indicated that the red shift of [g-g] with increasing [A], and its energy locking at a critical [A], can be well explained by phenomenologically taking into account the screening effect of the hole which is in the ground state. It was explicitly demonstrated that [g-g] is a very useful optical tool for the estimation of [A].

Lectin-binding profiles and keratin distribution in obstructive adenitis of human submandibular glands (SMGs) are reported and compared those of normal SMGs. Histologically, obstructive changes in the SMGs included acinar atrophy, duct-like structure formation in the early stage, and disappearance of acinar cells and dilation of ductal segments in the later, chronic stage. The following lectins were used: Con A (Glc, Man), PNA(Gal, GalNAc), RCA-I(Gal), DBA(GalNAc), SBA(Gal, Gal-NAc), UEA-I(alpha-L-Fuc) and WGA(GlcNAC, NeuNAc). Lectin staining in atrophic acinar cells was usually reduced except for SBA binding and was irregularly distributed in altered acinar and ductal epithelia. Binding of DBA and UEA-I lectins were particularly intense along the luminar borders of ductal segments in the lesions. Immunohistochemically detectable keratins were characterized by intense staining in atrophic acinar cells and in all the ductal segments, whereas normal acinar cells, either serous or mucous, were negative.

The lectin-binding patterns of the cells involved in amelogenesis and dentinogenesis in developing teeth of rats were studied. Undifferentiated odontogenic epithelia exhibited very slight staining with almost all of the lectins examined. The lectin-staining affinities of secretory ameloblasts could be divided into two categories: Concanavalin-A (Con-A), Wheat germ agglutinin (WGA) and Soybean agglutinin (SBA) binding occurred from the middle to apical cytoplasm, whereas Ricinus communis agglutinin-I (RCA-I) and Ulex europeus I (UEA-I) binding predominated in the basal regions. The cells of the stratum intermedium exhibited relatively strange lectin staining, which appeared to be dependent on ameloblastic maturation. The basement membranes in undifferentiated epithelia were markedly positive for lectin binding. Odontoblasts showed moderate Con-A staining on the apical side of the cells, as well as slight-to-moderate reactions with WGA and SBA. Pulp cells and dental papillae showed slight-to-moderate lectin staining, and predentin and dentin were also moderately positive for Con-A and RCA-I binding and slightly so for WGA and SBA. The lectin-binding affinities were enhanced during the formation of enamel and dentin, and appeared to be dependent on the degree of cellular differentiation in ameloblasts and odontoblasts.

Immunohistochemical observations of intermediate sized proteins in five cases of adenomatoid odontogenic tumour (AOT) are described. The immunohistochemical detections of keratins were made with polyclonal antiserum (TK, 41-65 kDa) and three monoclonal keratin antibodies (KL1: 55-57 kDa; PKK1: 40, 45, and 52.5 kDa and nos. 19, 18, 8; K8.12: nos. 16, 13) and vimentin and desmin monoclonal antibodies. Histologically, the tumour epithelia could be divided into two types: type A cells were a spindle or columnar shape and formed solid, ductal, tubular or whorled structures. Type B cells were small and compact cells at the periphery of the A cell-containing focus. Immunohistochemically, the type A cells showed very slight reaction with all antibodies to keratins, whereas the type B cells indicated slight-to-moderate expression of keratin and vimentin, and showed coexpression. Both types of cell showed a negative reaction for desmin. Only one case was associated with cystic lesions, and the cyst-lining was composed of thin squamous epithelium. Keratin expression in this epithelium was strong. In the histogenesis of AOT it was postulated that the tumour cells may have originated from undifferentiated odontogenic epithelium or stratum intermedium cells.

Immunohistochemical demonstration of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) was reported in normal salivary glands and in pathologic lesions. Staining patterns of CEA and nonspecific cross-reacting antigen-absorbed CEA (NCAa-CEA) were compared. Normal salivary glands disclosed positive staining by CEA on border and luminal sides of acinar cells and occasionally in components secreted into ductal spaces with both antigens used. Chronic obstructive lesions displayed an intense CEA staining in ductlike structures and in material secreted into their lumina in the two antigens used. Pleomorphic adenoma exhibited varying intensities of CEA in neoplastic epithelial cells of ductal structures. In contrast, they showed a slight staining reaction to NCAa-CEA. Squamous-cell carcinomas showed a strong CEA reaction, whereas they showed no reaction or a trace reaction to NCAa-CEA. Positive staining to CEA in squamous neoplastic lesions was related to nonspecific reacting antigens.

Summary A total of 78 cases of adnexal tumours of the skin were examined with the use of monoclonal antibody against epithelial membrane antigen (EMA). The EMA reaction was confined to luminal surfaces and lateral borders of sweat glands, both eccrine and apocrine being usually absent in ductal segments. Neoplastic lesions of all the adenomatous tumours and mixed tumours of sweat glands showed specifically positive EMA staining of luminal surfaces and lateral borders of tubular, duct-like, and cystic structures. However, solid foci of those tumours were negative for EMA. Tumours of ductal origin e.g. syringomas and poromas, exbibited positive EMA staining in their plasma membrane, although normal intact keratinocytes did not stain for EMA. Immunohistochemical distribution of EMA in skin adnexal tumours was classified into two types: one in which the luminal surfaces and lateral outer borders were positive, similar to that of the normal secretory coil, and other in which the plasma membrane of neoplastic cells of ductal origin was positive.

Immunohistochemical distribution of carbonic anhydrase II (CA) in mixed tumours and adenomas of sweat gland origin and in sebaceous adenomas was demonstrated by the PAP method. Normal sweat glands, both eccrine and apocrine, clear cells of the secretory coils, and ductal epithelial cells all showed conspicuous staining for CA, and sebaceous glands were also positive. Mixed tumours of the skin indicated strongly positive staining for CA in the luminal cells of tubular and duct-like or cystic structures, while most of the other tumour cells were negative. In solid or massive foci, CA positive cells were found scattered among the cellular mass. Sebaceous adenomas were usually moderately positive for CA throughout the tumour.

Papillomas (40) and squamous cell carcinomas (75) were examined for the presence of three keratin proteins with the use of an immunohistochemical technique. Polyclonal keratin antibody (TK, detecting 41 to 65 kDa keratin) and monoclonal antibodies KL 1 and PKK 1 (55 to 57 kDa and 41 to 56 kDa, respectively) were used. Squamous epithelium in normal oral mucosa showed marked TK staining in cells of upper strata and relatively slight staining in basal layer cells, moderate KL 1 staining in spinous and granular layers and was negative in basal cells. Positive PKK 1 staining was noted in cells of the basal layer. Columnar epithelium in the nasal mucosa showed TK staining in all layers, KL 1 staining on the apical side of epithelial cells and trace or negative staining in basal layer cells. There was moderate PKK 1 staining along the apical side of cells and variable staining in basal cells. Keratin distribution in oral papillomas was similar to that in normal oral epithelium, whereas in nasal and nasopharyngeal papillomas, keratin distribution was restricted to the upper layers. Tonsillar papillomas showed a strong TK reaction, negative KL 1 in upper layer cells, and marked PKK 1 staining in basal cells. Well-keratinized squamous carcinomas indicated an irregular TK distribution and decreased KL 1 and negative PKK 1 stainings. Intermediate and poorly differentiated keratinizing squamous carcinoma showed irregular staining patterns for the three classes of keratins studied. Immunohistochemically detectable keratins utilizing monoclonal antibodies were described as useful markers of epithelial tumors of squamous origin. Keratin expression within benign tumors was related to normal regional distribution, whereas in malignant tumors, keratin distribution was irregular in its distribution profile.

Histopathologic and histochemical changes in experimental carcinomas following cryotreatment were observed to detect alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity and UEA-1 lectin binding. Experimental carcinomas were induced in the hamster cheek pouch by topical application of 0.5% DMBA acetone solution twice a week. The cryoprobe at −60 °C was directly attached to the tumor surface for 90 sec. Histochemically, the tumor tissue following cryotreatment was completely destroyed in the surace area by the direct freezing and such cryonecrotic tumor tissue lacks stainability. Soon after cryotreatment and before cryonecrosis takes place, it has been observed that there is an intense dilatation of capillary vessels. Histochemically, high ALP activity was limited to capillary endothelium and to inflammatory cells. Lectin UEA-1 staining was usually found in both normal and neoplastic epithelial cells which were confined to capillary vessels. At 1 to 3 hr after cryotreatment. lectin UEA-1 binding was also positive in dilated endothelial cells of the frozen tissue as well as viable remaining neoplastic epithelia by freezing. ALP activity and UEA-1 binding disappeared in capillaries of crynecrotic area in tumor tissues. Those findings suggest that biologic membrane changes in capillary endothelium of tumor stroma occur following cryotreatment.

Summary Lectin binding patterns in the salivary glands of mice and rats were compared among specimens treated with 9 kinds of fixatives and then individually subjected to 10 kinds of lectin staining. Formalin-fixed sections showed positive lectin binding with fine granular materials in the GCT cells, and alcohol- or acetone-fixed sections revealed vacuolated patterns of irregular lectin binding with insufficient morphologic detail. Bouin's, Helly's, and Zamboni's fixatives displayed an adequate distribution of lectin binding which corresponded to the histological aspects. Different lectins gave different characteristic binding patterns in SMGs of mice; i.e., PNA and SBA binding was positive in female GCT cells, but absent in the male. On the contrary these lectins gave positive binding in the male acinar cells but negative in the female. These contradictory results were obtained for PNA and SBA binding between the GCT cells and acinar compartments of the mouse SMGs. The GCT and acinar cells in the SMGs of mice and rats also gave contradictory results; i. e., mice GCT cells displayed positive Con A staining but negative P A/Con A staining, whereas mice acinar cells were stained weakly by the Con A and staining strongly by the P A/Con A methods. Rats GCT cells indicated negative Con A, and strong P A/Con A staining; whereas rats acinar cells gave a positive Con A and negative P A/Con A reaction.

Immunohistochemical demonstration of alpha-amylase has been made in sialoadenitis-involved tissue and salivary gland tumors, as well as in normal salivary glands. Immunoreactive alpha-amylase with trypsin pretreatment was confined to irregularly staining serous acinar cells in the parotid and submandibular glands, and to demilunes in sublingual glands. In obstructive adenitis, staining was irregular from high to negative in acini in early or intermediate stages. Dilated ductal segments contained cells positive for alpha-amylase in the early stage following obstruction. Pleomorphic adenomas were usually negative for alpha-amylase but in rare cases tumor epithelia stained variably positive; i.e., staining occurred throughout the cytoplasm or at the periphery or apical part of the tumor cells. Luminal cavities of tubular and duct-like structures contained alpha-amylase-positive material. Epithelia in Warthin's tumor were also negative in general; however, scattered single or grouped tumor cells containing alpha-amylase were found. Mucoepidermoid tumors were also negative, though slightly positive cells were found intermingled among the negative squamous and mucous tumor cells. Cystic lesions in mucoepidermoid tumor were sometimes positive in the wall cells together with material secreted into the lumen.

Using the peroxidase antiperoxidase (PAP) technique, the submandibular glands (SMG) from normal mice showed positive carbonic anhydrase (CA) staining in both striated duct (SD) and granular convoluted tubule (GCT) cells, which varied from moderate to strong. In normal hamsters, the GCT showed strong focal staining. Phenylephrine in mice and hamsters resulted in a decrease in CA in GCT cells; staining was much reduced in the GCT segments of the mouse. One hour after a phenylephrine injection into testosterone-treated mice, there was no change in the staining intensity of GCT cells but an increase in cell size. Only a slight decrease in immunostaining occurred in mouse and hamster SD cells. CA staining in duct-ligated glands of mice decreased within 3 days but regenerated duct-like structures at later stages showed moderate staining.

Expression of epithelial membrane antigen (EMA) was investigated immunohistochemically in 27 cases of bladder carcinoma using a monoclonal antibody. Normal urothelial epithelium showed EMA staining restricted to the upper layer of the surface epithelium. G-I transitional cell carcinomas demonstrated positive EMA staining which could be divided into the following 3 types; type 1, in which highly stained cells occurred in the upper layer of the neoplastic epithelium; type 2, in which the whole tumour focus was slightly stained; and type 3, in which cells strongly positive for EMA were scattered throughout the tumour focus. G-III (undifferentiated) transitional cell lesions exhibited irregular expression of EMA whereas squamous cell demonstrated specific intense EMA staining within keratinized tumour cells.

Tissues were fixed in Bouin and Carnoy solutions, and the peroxidase, anti-peroxidase (PAP) method was used. Serous acinar cells of the guinea pig were positive for carbonic anhydrase (CA), but acinar cells of rodents were negative. Granular convoluted tubule (GCT) cells of the mouse, rat and hamster had varying degrees of staining for CA isoenzyme I and II. Striated and excretory ducts from all four species were usually positive for CA. Scattered cells containing a high concentration of CA I and CA II were present in striated ducts and GCT of the hamster, GCT of the rat and striated and excretory ducts of the guinea pig.

Summary Monoclonal antibody to epithelial membrane antigen (EMA) from human milk fat globule membrane was used with the immunoperoxidase method to examine the distribution of EMA in normal human salivary glands and in their obstructive lesions. EMA staining in the normal salivary gland was limited to luminal and lateral borders of acinar cells. The antigen was also present in high concentration on the luminal side of ductal cells. In obstructive lesions or sialoadenitis, lateral border and luminal positive staining in atrophic acinar cells was reduced or absent, and the EMA staining in duct-like structures was also markedly decreased on even absent in chronic stage. The degree of reduction in EMA staining was dependent on the extent of degeneration. Expression of immunohistochemically detectable EMA in paraffin sections suggests the antigen to be useful as a new marker of salivary gland function, of either acinar compartments or ductal segments.

Electrical properties of heavily Be-doped GaAs grown by molecular beam epitaxy were investigated systematically in a wide range of Be-concentration from 1× 1014 up to 2× 1020 cm-3 by using yan der Pauw technique. Probable carrier scattering mechanisms observed in this work are discussed by taking into account the radiative mechanisms of several new photoluminescence emissions previously observed in the band-edge-emission region of the samples. All samples were checked their electrical properties first at room-temperature. Five selected samples out of them were measured from 10° K up to room-temperature. Samples having the carrier concentration from 1014 to 1018 cm3 presented typical semiconductor-like conduction with finite carrier excitation energy. For samples having carrier concentration 7× 1016 cm -3, the conduction mechanism at high temperature region above 30β K was dominated by holes thermally excited into valence band. At low temperature region below 30° K . it was dominated by holes hopping from neutral to ionized acceptors with the assistance of phonons. Hole mobilities of samples having the carrier concentration from 1017 to 1018 cm-3 showed an anomalous behavior in the low temperature region, which suggests the presence of a new type of carrier scattering mechanism. A radiative center denoted by lg-gl observed in this concentration region will be a candidate scattering center to explain these electrical behaviors. Samples having the carrier concentration larger than 1019 cm-3 demonstrated typically metallic electric conduction not owing to thermally excited carriers, which means that an impurity band is formed but merged with valence band. The density of state of this combined valence band mixed with impurity band can be supposed to reflect carrier concentration dependence of the PL emission bands observed in this region, i.e. [g-g]α , [g-g]β and [g-g]γ .

Two cases of squamous odontogenic tumors are described in terms of histopathology and keratin immunohistochemistry. Histopathologically, the lesions were composed of squamous epithelial islands without peripheral columnar cells and well-differentiated stromal tissue. Immunohistochemical detection of keratin proteins was done with the use of polyclonal antikeratin antiserum (TK, detecting 41 to 65 kDa keratins) and monoclonal antibodies (KL1, 55 to 57 kDa; PKK1, 40, 45, and 52.5 kDa). Staining for PKK1-detectable keratin was absent in tumor epithelial cells and that with KL1 and TK immunoreagents was confined to squamous cells, being strong in the keratinized cells. In view of the results, the squamous odontogenic tumor appears to arise from the rests of Malassez in periodontal tissue rather than from oral squamous epithelium.

Immunohistochemical identification of factor VIII related antigen (F VIII RAG) filament proteins (actin, myosin, filamin, vimentin and desmin) and lectin binding patterns of Con A, PNA, SBA, WGA, RCA-1, UEA-1 and DBA in the endothelial cells and the muscular layers of haemangiomas and normal blood vessels are reported, using paraffin sections with the HRP method. The endothelial cells of haemangiomas were usually strongly positive to F VIII RAG as were those from capillary vessels and other small vessels. Some of the endothelium from haemangiomas and angiokeratomas was negative for factor VIII. The vessel walls of hemangiomas showed staining slightly positive for microfilaments (actin, myosin, filamin). The smooth muscle layer in small vessels showed a more marked staining with actin. Vimentin and desmin reactions in the vessel walls of haemangioma and in normal vessels were slight or moderate. UEA-1 lectin binding was constantly positive in endothelial cells from hemangiomas and in blood vessels. SBA and WGA binding appeared in the border layer of endothelium in haemangiomas and normal vessels.

Ion implantation of Se+ and Zn+ ions into GaAs was carried out and characterization was performed by photoluminescence and Raman scattering at 2 K and room temperature, respectively. For comparison, implantation of Cd+ ions was also performed and further. a series of Si-doped GaAs samples were prepared by molecular beam epitaxy. In the Se+-implanted samples. with Se concentration between 1×1016 cm−3 and 5×1019 ca−3 the dominant radiative transition was the band-to-band emission, (B-B). No energy shift characteristic of (B-B) was observed but instead, the formation of a complex radiative center between donor impurities and implantation-induced damages, [D.LD] was revealed. This was in contrast to the Si-doped GaAs which displayed a pronounced energy shift of (B-B) towards higher energies with increasing Si concentration. The results suggest that (B-B) (reflecting the raising of the quasi Fermi-energy due to the increase of net free electron concentration) is significantly suppressed in the donor-ion implanted GaAs due to the presence of unremovable damages caused by implantation. In the Zn+ -implanted GaAs, the dominant emission was [g-g] which is formed just below the bound exciton emissions. The energy shift of [g-g] towards lower energies with increasing implanted Zn concentration was reproducibly observed. Thus clear differences in the PL spectra of donor- and acceptor-implanted samples were observed near the fundamental band edge. It was suggested that residual radiation damages suppress (B-B) but have little effect on acceptor-related emissions.

Non-specific esterases in normal and carcinomatous skin of the mouse have been investigated electrophoretically and histochemically. Three esterase bands were obtained on electrophoresis from homogenates of normal skin; homogenates of carcinomas showed an accumulation of esterase-Ia and esterase-Ib.* However, using several ester substrates, substrate-specific patterns were demonstrated in the electrophoresis separations and histochemically in tissue sections. On the electrophoresis separations, α-naphthyl acetate, β-naphthyl acetate, 6-bromo-2-naphthyl acetate, naphthol AS acetate, naphthol AS-D acetate and naphthol AS-LC acetate gave rise to similar patterns, but with α-naphthyl propionate as subsmate, more esterase-Ib was indicated and with 5-bromo-indoxyl acetate a distinctive preponderance. Peripheral or uniformly distributed staining was found histochemically in tumour epithelium using α-naphthyl acetate, α-naphthyl propionate and β-naphthyl acetate, whereas with the substrates of naphthol AS acetate, naphthol AS-D acetate and indoxyl acetate an intermediate pattern of staining related to keratinization was obtained.

A histochemical comparison was made of the demonstration of polysaccharides in dental germs and oral epithelia after a treatment with acid containing alcoholic decalcifying solutions. Decalcifying solutions were prepared with 5% acids (HCL, HCOOH, HNO3, trichloracetic acid, ethylendiamin tetracetate) in a 30 or 50% alcohol solution.1. The oral epithelium of fetal animals showed a large amount of glycogen. Glycogen of the fetal oral epithelium showed a good preservation after a treatment with acid containing alcoholic decalcifying solutions (except for the case of trichloracetic acid). No differences in the appearance of glycogen in the oral epithelium were observed between 30% and 50% alcohol decalcifying solutions.2. Nuclear staining was observed by the periodic acid-SCHIFF reaction after a treatment with acid containing decalcifying solutions. The use of HCL, HNO3, trichloracetic acid in decalcification resulted staining of the nucleus in various intensities.3. The treatment with acid containing alcohol decalcifying agents without ethylendiamin tetracetate resulted in the decalcification of the jaws of fetal dogs and rats, but almost no-decalcification in the knee joints of 4 day to 4 week post natal rats.4. The presence of glycogen in the developing tooth germs was rather low in comparison with the oral epithelium which was abundant in glycogen. The distribution patterns of glycogen in dental germ were the same as in the previous reports.

Histochemical response have been determined on hnman three salivary glands using the Nitro BT method. Succinic dehydrogenase, DPN-dependent dehydrogenasee (malic, lactic, glutamic. α-glycerophosphate and β-hydroxybutyric), TPN-dependent dehydrogenase (isocitric, glucose-6-phosphate and aconitic), cytochrome oxidase and monoamine oxidase were demonstrated on cryostat sections.The intensity of staining reaction in the duct, especially in the intralobular duct or striated duct was the highest for succinic dehydrogenase and cytochrome oxidase, and other coenzyme dependent enzymes showed from a comparatively high to low reaction.The enzymatic activity of serous acini was more intense than that of mucous acini.

The activities of oxidative and reducing enzymes were histologically determined on 72 cases of cancer of the female genital organs. In 53 cases of squamous cell cancer of the cervix, enzymatic activities were confined to the neoplastic epithelium; the intensity of succinic dehydrogenase was generally low, that of lactic dehydrogenase moderate to very high, that of malic dehydrogenase moderate to high, other DPN-dependent dehydrogenases usually low; TPN-dependent dehydrogenases variable. In adenocarcinomas of the corpus and ovary, succinic dehydrogenase was rather higher as compared with squamous cell carcinoma of the cervix, was characterized by the distribution of isocitric and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenases. The appearance of both isocitric and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenases in gynecological malignancies suggests possible influences. We are greatly indebted to Professor Ishizuka, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, School of Medicine, Nagoya University, and Miss T. Ikeda for technical assistance.

Thirty-three cases of surgically resected human neoplastic tissues of the oral cavity were observed histochemically. It was found that β-glucuronidase activity was confined to the cytoplasms of both neoplastic and nonneoplastic homologous cells. Tumor parenchyma generally reacted more intensely than homologous healthy tissue, and proliferating connective tissue fibers and collagen bundles accompanied by inflammatory reaction showed an intense β-glucuronidase; necrotic areas also showed a marked reaction.

The electron-microscopic and the enzyme histochemical studies were carried out and the following findings obtained: 1. (1) Light-microscopically, three types of the nerve cells were distinguished, i.e., large cells, small cells and intermediate cells. Electron-microscopically, three types of cells were also discernible, i.e., clear cells, dark cells and transitional cells. The diameter of large cells was about 60 μ and that of dark cells, 30 μ. The mitochondrial dehydrogenases were more evident in the nerve cell bodies than in capsular cells. Mitochondria were more numerous in nerve cell bodies than in capsular cells. In dark cells, the mitochondrial dehydrogenases were concentrated in the perinuclear area and AChE was mainly localized in the peripheral portion of the perikaryon. In large cells, these enzymes were distributed throughout the perikaryon. The intracellular localization of the enzymes were coincident with the intracellular distributions of the mitochondria and the rough surfaced endoplasmic reticulum in the perikaryon of the aforementioned nerve cell types. Therefore, it was suggested that the large cell was identical with the clear cell, the small cell with the dark cell and the intermediate cell with the transitional cell. 2. (2) The capsular and/or the Schwann cell intervened between the neuron and capillary vessels. 3. (3) The capsular cell showed the characteristically prominent stainability to NADP-dependent IDH, G6PDH and to ALP. Electron-microscopically, the two types of the capsular cells were discernible, i.e., dark capsular cells and clear capsular cells. At the junction of clear cells and capsular cells there were “labyrinthine structures” and “trophospongium” and these structures may play a role in the transportation of nutrition between the two cells. On the other hand, no such structure was observed in dark cells. 4. (4) It is reasonable to assume that there is transformation of the nerve cell types in various biological states from dark cell to clear cell.

Acid and alkaline phosphatases were demonstrated histochemically in periodontal structures and alveolar bone tissues after experimental tooth movement. Previous reporting has concerned periodontal structures during orthodontic tooth movement (C. SANDSTEDT, Nord Tandl Tidsk No. 4,5, 1905; A.E. ZAKI and G.V. HUYSEN, JDent Res 42:1373-1379, 1963). Sixty Wistar strain rats were used in this experiment. During ether anesthesia, a rubber dam (1.5 mm wide and 0.15 mm thick) was inserted between the first and second molars on the left side of the upper jaw. The right side was observed as a control (K. TAKIMOTO ET AL: | Dent Res 45:1473-1476, 1966). Rats were killed in groups of 20 after one, three, and five days. In rats killed after five days, the rubber dam was replaced after three days by two rubber strips to exert a constant amount of force. Blocks of fresh tissue were prepared and decalcified for one week at 4C in a 10% solution of (tetrasodium salt of ethylendiamintetraacetate (EDTA), as a neutral solution adjusted to pH 7.0 with 5M citric acid. After rinsing in disstilled water, blocks were sagittally sectioned at 18,u in a cryostat with a sliding microtome. Serial sections were fixed (10% neutral formalin, 30 min) and stained with hematoxylin and eosin. The substrate solution for acid phosphatase consisted of 5 mg of naphthol AS-TR phosphate, dissolved in 0.1 ml of N-N dimethylformamide with 30 ml of 0.1M acetate buffer at pH 5.8 and added to 30 mg of fast red violet LB.* In sections incubated 1 to 1.5 hours at 37C, dark purple precipitation indicated enzyme-positive sites. The substrate solution for alkaline phosphatase consisted of 5 mg of naphthol AS-MX phosphate, dissolved in 0.1 ml of NCN dimethylformamide and 30 ml of Clark and Lub's buffer (K. KAWAKATSU and M. MORI, Cancer Res 23:539545, 1963) at pH 9.2 and added to 30 mg of fast red violet LB. After 30 to 50 minutes at 20C, enzyme-positive sites appeared red on a yellowbrown background. In normal tissues, moderate amounts of acid and alkaline phosphatases were observed in the periodontal ligaments. Alveolar bone surface and

A case of neurilemmoma located in the mandible of an 11-year-old boy is presented with clinical findings as well as histochemical and electronmicroscopic features of the tumor. The histopathologic examination in the light microscope revealed that most of the tumor tissue was composed of typical neurilemmoma of Antoni Type A, with a few Antoni Type B. Ultrastructural findings support the concept that neurilemmoma may be derived from the Schwann cells of the nerve sheath but could not be differentiated from neurofibroma.

Analysis of lactate and malate dehydrogenase zymograms of rodent salivary glands showed species and organ specific patterns. Lactate dehydrogenase isoenzyme patterns occupied the middle positions in relation to those of skeletal and heart muscle. Activities of the major salivary glands were in the order submaxillary gland>parotid>sublingual gland. Zymogram of the mouse and rat showed LDH4 and LDH5 high activity patterns, while that of the rabbit was the fast moving active one. Hamster salivary gland exhibited a neutral type of the former and the latter. Malate dehydrogenase isoenzyme exhibited very similar patterns for the mouse, rat and hamster. Malate dehydrogenase zymogram of rabbit showed 3 active bands, which was different from the other rodents.

SYNOPSIS IN INTERLINGUA DETECTION HISTOCHIMIC DE DEHYDROGENASE SUCCINIC IN OSTEOCLASTOS POST MOVIMENTO EXPERIMENTAL DE DENTES.—Technicas histochimic esseva utilisate pro demonstrar le existentia de osteoclastos in tissus supportante dentes le quales se trovava sub pression orthodontic. Le plus alte concentration de dehydrogenase succinic in osteoclastos esseva detegite in sectiones de specimens decalcificate con EDTA in solution neutre a 4 C sequite de congelation in stato fresc. Osteoclastos disveloppate sub conditiones normal e orthodontic monstrava le plus alte grado de activitate de dehydrogenase succinic. Illos se disveloppava in le superficie periodontal de osso alveolar al latere del pression e, characteristicamente, in le superficie medullar de osso alveolar al latere del tension.

The physico-chemical changes of inorganic and organic matrix components from the coronal, intermediate and cervical parts of developing enamel have been investigated by X-ray diffraction, i.r. absorption spectroscopy and amino acid analysis. 1. (1) The initial stages of maturation were characterized mainly by growth of the apatite crystals and the later stages by removal of imperfections or strain from the crystals without much further growth. 2. (2) Changes in the i.r. spectra between the immature and the adult enamels were observed in the region of 1650 cm −1 . Although the immature enamels showed medium absorption, the adult one showed only traces of the band. 3. (3) The proportion of arginine, lysine and NH 3 increased in the highly mineralized cuspal parts and glycine, proline, glutamic acid and leucine showed a high value in the cervical parts of the enamel. Hydroxyproline was absent from bovine enamel. The changes in amino-acid composition during enamel maturation are consistent with the removal of organic matrix in the enamel.

Succinic dehydrogenase, five DPN-linked dehydrogenases-lactic dehydrogenase, malic dehydrogenase, glutamic dehydrogenase, α-glycerophosphate dehydrogenase, β-hydroxybutyric dehydrogenase, two TPN linked dehydrogenases — glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, isocitric dehydrogenase and 3β-ol steroid dehydrogenase were studied in mouse, rat, guinea pig, rabbit, dog, cat, cow, monkey and human adrenal glands. Histochemical studies were made of a characteristic distribution of different level of enzyme activity. In mammals adrenal glands, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase showed the highest activity and its localization was divided into the following two groups: 1) High enzymatic activity was demonstrated in the zona fasciculata and reticularis of the rat, guinea pig, rabbit, cat and 2) high enzymatic activity was demonstrated in the zona glomerulosa and reticularis of the dog, cow and monkey. A precise relationship between the localization and endocrinological function remains abscure.

One of the most serious issues in information industries is the bandwidth bottleneck in inter-chip interconnects. We propose a photonics-electronics convergence system to solve this issue. We fabricated a high density optical interposer to demonstrate the feasibility of the system by using silicon photonics integrated with an arrayed laser diode, an optical splitter, silicon optical modulators, germanium photodetectors, and silicon optical waveguides on a single silicon substrate. Error-free data transmission at 12.5 Gbps and a transmission density of 6.6 Tbps/cmsup2/supwere achieved with the optical interposer. We believe this technology will solve the bandwidth bottleneck problem in the future.

Immunostaining of monoclonal antibody (MoAb) of smooth muscle actin in paraffin sections and fluorescence of actin-specific phalloidin in cryostat sections were utilized to demonstrate the myoepithelial cells in prenatal and adult salivary glands of humans. In the early developmental stage (10-18 weeks) MoAb actin was weakly positive in the basal cells of the gland epithelium, and the positivity gradually accentuated at the basal portions of the terminal ducts and acini as the gestational period advanced. In the early intermediate developmental stage (19-24 weeks) the polyhedral myoepithelial cells were arranged in the basal portions of the acini and intercalated ducts. At this stage the myoepithelial cells produced phalloidin-positive spindle cytoplasmic processes. In the late intermediate developmental stage (25-32 weeks) the myoepithelial cells became flattened and formed dendritic processes to surround the acini and intercalated ducts. In the late developmental stage (33-40 weeks) numerous myoepithelial cells with well developed dendritic processes were demonstrable in the acini and intercalated ducts. In conclusion, it was found that the myoepithelial cells began to develop at 15-16 weeks of gestation when the acinar cells were still immature. The primitive myoepithelial cells were polyhedral in shape to form compact basal layer beneath the developing acinar cells during 19-24 weeks of gestation. In late gestational period the myoepithelial cells almost matured like the dendritic ones of adult salivary glands. However, the myoepithelial cells were never demonstrated in the striated and excretory ducts of the fetal salivary glands as opposed to its normal presence in the adult salivary glands. A possible aging process of myoepithelial cells was discussed in accordance with the histogenesis of transformed myoepithelial cells of salivary gland tumors.

A three-dimensional profile measurement system employing a spectral interferometer and a nonlinear /spl beta/-barium borate (BBO) crystal is constructed. The measurement result of the surface structure of the stepped surface object is shown.

6027 Background: A randomized controlled trial was conducted to assess the efficacy and safety of dose-dense, weekly paclitaxel plus carboplatin (ddTC) with or without bevacizumab (Bmab) compared to conventional, tri-weekly paclitaxel plus carboplatin (cTC) with or without Bmab, in metastatic or recurrent cervical carcinoma not amenable to curative treatments with local therapy. Methods: Patients were randomly assigned to either a cTC or a ddTC regimen. After Bmab was approved in Japan (in May 2016) the protocol was amended, and patients on both arms received Bmab if not contraindicated. The cTC was paclitaxel 175 mg/m2 intravenously (IV) for 3 h on day 1 followed by carboplatin at an area under the curve of five IV for 1 h on day 1. The ddTC was paclitaxel 80 mg/m2 IV for 1 h on day 1 followed by carboplatin at an area under the curve of five IV for 1 h on day 1 and paclitaxel 80 mg/m2 IV for 1 h on day 8 and day 15. Both cTC and ddTC treatments were repeated every three weeks, for up to nine cycles. Bmab 15 mg/kg IV was repeated until progression or unacceptable toxicity. The primary endpoint of phase II was the response rate (RR) in patients with measurable lesion, who had received Bmab. If the RR of the ddTC + Bmab arm was greater than that of the cTC + Bmab arm for more than 5%, the study would proceed to phase III, which had overall survival (OS) as its primary endpoint. The planned sample size in the phase II part was 56 to select the ddTC arm with a probability of at least 75% if the difference of RR was 15% or more (45% vs. 60%). Results: Patient accrual started in October 2015. It was suspended in May 2019 because the number of Bmab-treated patients with measurable lesions reached 56. In total, 122 patients were enrolled and randomly assigned to either the cTC arm (cTC: 29 patients; cTC + Bmab: 32 patients) or the ddTC arm (ddTC: 30 patients; ddTC + Bmab: 31 patients). The primary analysis of the phase II part was conducted in November 2019. The RRs of each regimen were 67.9% [95% CI, 47.7-84.1] (19/28, cTC + Bmab), 60.7% [40.6-78.5] (17/28, ddTC + Bmab), 55.2% [35.7-73.6] (16/29, cTC), and 50.0% [29.9-70.1] (13/26, ddTC). Conclusions: The study did not meet the primary endpoint of phase II. Dose-dense, weekly paclitaxel plus carboplatin is not promising for metastatic or recurrent cervical carcinoma. Clinical trial information: jRCTs031180007.

Photoluminescence (PL) spectra of molecular beam epitaxially-grown GaAs doped by an amphoteric impurity (Ge) are reported. PL results revealed that significantly low-compensated both n- and p- type samples can be reproducibly fabricated by precisely controlling As4 to Ga flux ratio, γ. It was also explicitly demonstrated that along the increase of γ, a steep change from p- to n-type conduction occurs at γ about 1.6.