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This paper describes a nonsurvey method for estimating multiregional trades without eliminating cross-hauling, when a national biregional input–output table is available. Domestic outflows are assigned by interpolating the biregional trades on the basis of the gravity ratio between the origin and the destinations, with parameters estimated from an earlier survey on interregional transactions. The method is then applied to evaluate multiregional industrial waste disposal and landfill attributed to consumption in the city of Nagoya. Three-regional input–output tables with and without cross-hauling are estimated by partitioning the biregional table between Aichi prefecture and the rest of Japan.

Thyroid diseases, which often lead to thyroid dysfunction involving either hypo- or hyperthyroidism, affect hundreds of millions of people worldwide, many of whom remain undiagnosed; however, diagnosis is difficult because symptoms are similar to those seen in a number of other conditions. The objective of this study was to assess the effectiveness of the Recursive-Rule Extraction (Re-RX) algorithm with continuous attributes (Continuous Re-RX) in extracting highly accurate, concise, and interpretable classification rules for the diagnosis of thyroid disease. We used the 7200-sample Thyroid dataset from the University of California Irvine Machine Learning Repository, a large and highly imbalanced dataset that comprises both discrete and continuous attributes. We trained the dataset using Continuous Re-RX, and after obtaining the maximum training and test accuracies, the number of extracted rules, and the average number of antecedents, we compared the results with those of other extraction methods. Our results suggested that Continuous Re-RX not only achieved the highest accuracy for diagnosing thyroid disease compared with the other methods, but also provided simple, concise, and interpretable rules. Based on these results, we believe that the use of Continuous Re-RX in machine learning may assist healthcare professionals in the diagnosis of thyroid disease. Keywords: Thyroid disease diagnosis, Re-RX algorithm, Rule extraction, Decision tree

A case of Meckel’s bleeding diverticulum diagnosed by emergent arteriography is presented. Arteriography revealed an extravasation of contrast medium into the distal ileum and an abnormal ileal artery which passed to the antimesenteric border of the ileum. The diverticulum was demonstrated by double contrast study of the small intestine. The merits of emergent arteriography and other examinations for diagnosing Meckel’s diverticulum are discussed.

近年抗生剤とsteroidhormoneの使用がその一つの誘因となつて真菌症が増加してきたが,私共も全身性エリテマトーデス(SLE)にクリプトコッカス症を合併した1例を経験した.患者は20才の女性.最初手掌,手背,両頬に紅斑が出現,次いで発熱,蛋白尿,顔面浮腫を来たし,某病院でSLEとしてsteroidhormoneを投与され,間もなく当科に転院した、続いてテトラナイクリンと共にsteroidhormone療法を行なつたが,約1年後に高熱と共にLE細胞が証明され, prednisolone 1日70mgの大量を与えても効果なく,やがて頭痛,嘔気,嘔吐,霧視,複視,外転筋麻痺及び欝血乳頭を認め,髄液にcryptococcus neoformansを証明した.次いで嗜眠状となり,腱反射消失,項部強直と病的反射が出現, nystatinで効なく, amphotericin Bを点滴静注中死亡した.剖検により脳脊髄膜,脳実質,腎,肺にcryptococcus性肉芽腫と菌を,又腎にwireloop lesion,脾にonionskin様変化を認めた.

This Is a report of a malignant hemangioendothelioma of the breast with numerous visceral foci which developed mainly near the serosal surface and mucous membrane. The distribution of these lesions was very unique and will give another question to the controversy on the metastasis of vascular tumors.

In this research, the environmental and energy technologies suitable for both city and rural area in China are introduced and the effects of environmental improvement due to the installation of these technologies are evaluated. Tianjin city are selected as the area that have both city and rural area and simple wet desulfurization equipment, coal bio-briquette, heat supply system (heat pump), and biogas digester are selected as environmental technologies. The effect of salt-affected soil amelioration using desulfurization by-products and the reduction of CO2 emission by both afforestation and the installation of biogas digesters are evaluated. As a result, about 1/3 of the total salt-affected soil in Tianjin are ameliorated and the increase in agricultural products are confirmed. Next, the reduction of CO2 emission in case of both the afforestation in soil ameliorated area and the introduction of biogas digesters in rural area are approximately 1.7%. These results contribute the reduction of CO2 emission. Moreover, residues from biogas digester are effective as fertilizer and contribute the increase of agricultural products and cost reduction of fertilizer.

We introduce a class of production function whose inputs and outputs constitute multiples of quality and quantity. Under the efficiency unit approach, we precisely reduce innovation regarding qualitative and quantitative improvements of production to the measurement of quality-adjusted productivity gain. We then consider a system of compatible unit cost functions inclusive of such productivity improvements in any industry, for which we can solve for the ex-post equilibrium to examine the technological structural propagation. In this way, we can evaluate any given innovation with respect to its social welfare gain. We use this framework of multi-industry multi-factor production to study effective industry-wise research and development investment allocations.

The air pollution of SO2 due to coal combustion has been a serious environmental problem in China. The objective of this study is to evaluate desulfurization activities to reduce air pollutions and health damages and to propose an optimal environmental policy in Tianjin. The computer simulation models are used to predict the concentrations of SO2 and the health damages in every 1km by 1km mesh in Tianjin. This study investigates the SO2 emissions from heat supply system, medium and small plants of industrial sectors and household sectors. In order to reduce the emissions of SO2, we will examine the installations of simple flue gas desulfurization equipments and introductions of the technologies for biomass utilization.

This paper examines the impact of public R&D subsidies on firms R&D activities using micro-data on Japanese manufacturing firms from 1995 to 2005. We focus on two effects. One is the quantitative impact of whether the public R&D subsidies crowed out firms own R&D investment or not. The other one is qualitative impact of whether the subsidized firms increase R&D investment into the fields where social returns are large. In the empirical analysis, we examine the causal effects of public R&D subsidies using propensity score matching and difference-in-differences technique. The results suggest that the level of firms own R&D investments is not affected by public R&D subsidies and the public R&D subsidies encourage firms R&D activity in specific fields such as environment and ICT which are expected as socially influential.

This study uses micro-data on research and development, and finance of Japanese firms from 1995 to 2005 and examines the effect of knowledge spillover on the performance of firms. Four types of knowledge spillover are estimated and results of quantitative analysis on following the two topics are provided. Does the spillover contribute to improve firms productivity? How much the contribution there is? The results indicate that there is positive impact of the spillover on firms performance and the contribution is not negligible. The policy that stimulates firms research and development activities could improve firms productivity not only by their own R&D activities, but also through the knowledge spillover.

We construct an input–output table to analyze a next-generation energy system. Based on this table, we estimate the effect of using renewable energy on Japan’s economic structure as well as the feed-in tariff’s contribution to the cost structure. The results clearly show that, induced by demand, existing power generation options and the production of existing passenger vehicles would be reduced and replaced by electric vehicles (EVs), plug-in hybrid vehicles (PHVs), and the renewable energy sector. Furthermore, the demand for production in the supply chain of these sectors would change. While the feed-in tariff seems to benefit the overall Japanese economy, the benefits are not divided equally among the sectors because the positive effect of the feed-in tariff system is greater than the negative effect in energy and energy-intensive industries, while the negative effect is greater in the service sectors, on which the cost of the feed-in tariff system is levied. However, renewable-energy-induced service activities, such as research and business services, are becoming more pervasive. Therefore, this inequality may be resolved in the long term and could be assisted by policies that accelerate this change.

This study addresses the case of Tianjin in China and seeks a suitable environmental policy for the region. The Tianjin inter-regional input-output table is estimated and the economic and environmental impacts of environmental conservation technologies are measured. This study investigates the introduction of heat supply system and desulfurization technology from the perspective of effective coal use and assesses CO2, SO2 and value added repercussions of the technologies. The simulation results indicate that the biomass use in heat supply and household sectors and the introduction of simple flue gas desulfurization equipments in medium and small scale plants of industrial sectors should be simultaneously promoted to control CO2 emissions and to reduce SO2 emissions significantly. The introduction cost of the technologies accounts for approximately 2% of Tianjins total value added in 2007, while SO2 emissions could be reduced approximately 71% compared to their 2007 levels.