Search

Silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) have unique properties and display an important role in bioactivities such as antimicrobial, antiviral, antifungal, and anticancer. Stable Ag NPs were prepared by reaction of silver nitrate solution with extract of Melissa and characterized by UV-Vis spectroscopy, AFM, SEM, XRD, and Zeta potential. The resulted Ag NPs have a size range between 20 and 35 nm. The current study aims to evaluate the gastroprotective effect of Ag NPs against ethanol-induced gastric ulcers in rats. Thirty rats were randomly divided into five groups. The experimental groups were fed 175 and 350 ppm/p.o of Ag NPs orally. Ag NPs improved the adversative influence of ethanol-induced stomach damage as confirmed by declining ulcer index and raised the percentage of ulcer prevention. Significantly reduced ethanol-induced gastric lesions were evidenced by increased mucus secretion and pH of stomach content, decreased ulcer area, nonappearance of edema, and leucocyte penetration of the subcutaneous layer. In gastric homogenate, Ag NPs displayed a substantial upsurge in superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) activities, and significantly reduced malondialdehyde (MDA) levels., Ag NPs increased the intensity of periodic acid Schiff stained (PAS) and produced over-regulation of HSP-70 and down-regulation of Bax proteins. Ag NPs confirmed gastro-protection which might be attributed to its antioxidant effect, increased mucus secretion, increased SOD, and CAT, reduced MDA level, over-regulation of HSP-70 protein, and down-regulation of Bax protein. [Display omitted] • Stable Silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) were prepared by the reaction to silver nitrate solution with Melissa extract. • Characterization of Ag NPs by UV-Vis spectroscopy, SEM, and AFM. • Evaluation of the gastroprotective effect of Ag NPs against ethanol-induced gastric ulcer in rats. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: To evaluate Myt272 protein antigenicity and immunogenicity by trial vaccination in mice and its in silico analysis as a potential peptide vaccine for tuberculosis. Methods: Myt272 gene, which has 100 % identity with Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv unknown function gene Rv3424c, was ligated by genomic shotgun approach into the expression vector pQE32, and transformed into Escherichia coli SG13009. Expression during cell growth was induced by isopropyl-β-D-thiogalactopyranoside. The recombinant protein was isolated from the harvested cell lysate and injected in mice for immunogenicity experiment up to 42 days. ELISA tests with anti-His antibodies were performed on the collected individual blood samples' sera. Color development in a microplate reader was measured at 450 nm. Results: The protein was predicted to have a mass of approximately 13 kDa and was present in the soluble fraction of the cell lysate. The immunogenicity test on Myt272 protein revealed very statistically significant high levels of antibodies detected by ELISA in the sera of immunized group of mice compared to negative controls. Conclusion: A 10.1 kD unnamed function (IDALA) protein from Rv3424 gene could be the potential peptide vaccine for tuberculosis tested by mice immunogenicity experiment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article focuses on a research in context to in vivo study of anti-ulcer activity of 2'- (5-Chloro-2-hydroxybenzylidene) benzenesulfanohydrazide schiff base against ethanol-induced gastric mucosal lesions in Sprague Dawley rats. It mentions that 2'-(5-Chloro-2 hydroxybenzylidene) benzenesulfano-hydrazide (Cl-BzSO-HAP) was synthesized, and characterized by the Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy and Fourier transform-nuclear magnetic resonance analysis. Before the oral drug administration, Sprague Dawley rats were fasted overnight. The research concludes that the extensive form of gastric necrosis in rats induced by the absolute ethanol prevented by the administration of Cl-BzSO-HAP revealing in the form of reduced or total absence of lesions.

The study in vivo assessed the effect of pinostrobin on the histology, immunohistochemistry, and biochemical parameters of thioacetamide (TAA) induced liver cirrhosis in Sprague Dawley rats. The rats were noticeably gavaged with two doses of pinostrobin (30 mg/kg and 60 mg/kg) with TAA and exhibited a substantial decrease in the liver index and hepatocyte propagation with much minor cell injury. These groups meaningfully down-regulated the proliferation of cellular nucleus antigen (PCNA) and alpha-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA). The liver homogenate displayed augmented antioxidant enzymes, superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activities escorted with reducing in malondialdehyde (MDA) level. The serum level of bilirubin, total protein, albumin, and liver enzymes (ALP, ALT, and AST) returned to normal and was similar to that of normal control and silymarin with TAA-treated groups. pinostrobin-fed groups also decreased the level of Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), Interleukin-6 (IL-6), and increased the level of Interleukin-10 (IL-10). Acute toxicity with a higher dose of 500 mg/kg of pinostrobin did not manifest any toxicological signs in rats. The hepatoprotective effect of pinostrobin could be due to potentially inhibited the progression of liver cirrhosis, down-regulation of PCNA and α-SMA proliferation, prevented oxidation of hepatocytes, improved SOD and CAT enzymes, condensed MDA, repairs of liver biomarkers, reduced cellular inflammation and modulation of inflammatory cytokines., Competing Interests: The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (© 2022 The Author(s).)

Background: Synthetic steroids, such as 9α-bromobeclomethasonedipropionate, have shown gastroprotective activity. For example, the potent glucocorticoid steroid, beclomethasone dipropionate, has been used for treatment of bowel ulcerations. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the effect of a synthetic steroid, (20S)-22-acetoxymethyl-6β-methoxy-3α,5-dihydro-3'H-cyclopropa[3α,5]-5α-pregnane (AMDCP), on ethanol-induced gastric mucosa injuries in rats., Methodology/principal Finding: Rats were divided into 8 groups. The negative control and ethanol control groups were administered Tween 20 (10%v/v) orally. The reference control group, 20 mg/kg omeprazole (10% Tween 20, 5 mL/kg), was administrated orally. The experimental groups received 1, 5, 10, 15 or 20 mg/kg of the AMDCP compound (10% Tween 20, 5 mL/kg). After 60 min, Tween 20 and absolute ethanol was given orally (5 mL/kg) to the negative control group and to the rest of the groups, and the rats were sacrificed an hour later. The acidity of gastric content, gastric wall mucus and areas of mucosal lesions were assessed. In addition, histology and immunohistochemistry of the gastric wall were assessed. Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and malondialdehyde (MDA) content were also measured. The ethanol control group exhibited severe mucosal lesion compared with the experimental groups with fewer mucosal lesions along with a reduction of edema and leukocyte infiltration. Immunohistochemical staining of Hsp70 and Bax proteins showed over-expression and under-expression, respectively, in the experimental groups. The experimental groups also exhibited high levels of PGE2 as well as a reduced amount of MDA. AMDCP decreased the acidity and lipid peroxidation and increased the levels of antioxidant enzymes., Conclusion/significance: The current investigation evaluated the gastroprotective effects of AMDCP on ethanol-induced gastric mucosal lesions in rats. This study also suggests that AMDCP might be useful as a gastroprotective agent.

The asymmetric unit of the title compound, [Sn(C(6)H(5))(2)(C(2)H(3)O(2))(2)(C(5)H(5)N)], contains two crystallography independent mol-ecules. In both mol-ecules, the Sn(IV) atom is seven-coordinated in a distorted penta-gonal-bipyramidal geometry with the two phenyl groups in axial positions. The two mol-ecules differ mainly in the torsion of the phenyl and pyridine rings. The dihredral angles between the phenyl rings are 89.54 (15) and 60.11 (14)° in the two mol-ecules while the dihedral angles between the pyridine rings and the acetate groups are 12.6 (2) and 41.77 (13)° in the two mol-ecules.

The benzohydrazide mol-ecule in the title compound, C(15)H(13)BrN(2)O(5)·C(2)H(6)OS·3H(2)O, is almost planar with an r.m.s. deviation for the non-H atoms of 0.078 Å. The organic mol-ecules, water and dimethyl sulfoxide solvent mol-ecules are linked by N-H⋯O, O-H⋯O and O-H⋯S inter-molecular hydrogen bonds, forming zigzag chains along the a axis. Intra-molecular O-H⋯O and O-H⋯N hydrogen bonds also occur.

In the crystal structure of the title compound, [Ni(C(21)H(19)N(5)O(4)S(2))(C(5)H(5)N)(2)], the metal center is seven-coordinate, with an approximate penta-gonal-bipyramidal configuration. The Ni atom is chelated by a dianionic penta-dentate Schiff base via the pyridine N atom, the two azomethine N atoms and the two sulfonyl O atoms. The latter coordinate to Ni at different distances, viz. 2.3337 (12) and 2.7988 (12) Å. Two apically coordinated pyridine mol-ecules complete the seven-coordin-ate geometry. The dihedral angle between the two pyridine ring planes is 68.25 (6)°.

The title compound, 2C(16)H(13)N(3)O(4)·C(18)H(14)N(4)·2CH(4)O, was crystallized from the reaction between 3,4,5-trihydroxy-benzoyl-hydrazine and indole-2-carbaldehyde in a mixture of ethanol and methanol. The compound is a stoichiometric 2:1 cocrystal of the methanol-solvated reaction product, 3,4,5-trihydr-oxy-N'-(1H-indol-2-ylmethyl-idene)benzohydrazide and 1H-indole-2-carbaldehyde azine that arose unexpectedly during the synthesis. The former mol-ecules are linked by O-H⋯O hydrogen bonds and also by π-π stacking inter-actions between benzoyl-hydrazide rings into a two-dimensional network. The methanol solvent mol-ecules are hydrogen bonded to this network. The centrosymmetric azine mol-ecules are not engaged in hydrogen bonding.

The crystal structure of the title compound, C(13)H(13)NO(2), is a polymorph of the structure first reported by Helliwell et al. [Acta Cryst. (2006), E62, o737-o738]. It is also monoclinic (space group P2(1)/c), but with completely different cell constants. The mol-ecular conformations of these polymorphs differ by a 180° rotation of one formyl group. The present mol-ecule is planar [maximum deviation 0.089 (2) Å] with the exception of the two methyl groups which lie on either side of the plane. There are strong intra- and inter-molecular N-H⋯O hydrogen bonds. The latter link pairs of mol-ecules across crystallographic centers of symmetry. Two aldehyde O atoms are brought close together [2.896 (4) Å in this arrangement but are not hydrogen bonded. In the earlier polymorph, one formyl group is rotated by 180° to yield inter-molecular hydrogen bonding and an infinite polymeric chain. The other formyl group is involved in the same intra-molecular hydrogen bonding as has been found here.

The structure of the title compound, C(17)H(15)N(3)O(4), displays inter-molecular O-H⋯N and O-H⋯O hydrogen bonding between adjacent mol-ecules. Intra-molecular O-H⋯O hydrogen bonds also occur. The molecule is essentially planar with a deviation of 0.090 (1) Å from the best plane running through the connected ring systems.

The title compound, C(16)H(16)N(2)O(6)·C(2)H(5)OH, was synthesized from 3,4,5-trihydroxy-benzoyl-hydrazide and 2,4-dimethoxy-benzaldehyde in ethanol. The compound is not planar, with the two aromatic planes of the two aromatic rings twisted by 15.6 (1)°. The hydr-oxy groups are involved in both intra-molecular O-H⋯O and inter-molecular O-H⋯N and O-H⋯O hydrogen bonds and a C-H⋯O interaction also occurs.