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Rhythmic contraction and autonomous movement play a key role in the predation, production and displacement of jellyfish. Four independent body parts of the jellyfish Aurelia coerulea , including Bell, Tentacle, Oral arm and Gastric pouch were extracted and have been carried out a compared proteomics by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry/mass-spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). ResultsA total of 13,429 peptides and 1916 proteins with molecular weights in the range of 10.6–980.9 kDa were identified, where 1916, 1562, 1474 and 1441 proteins were matched in the Gastric pouch, Tentacle, Oral arm and Bell, respectively. Gene Ontology (GO) analysis showed that translation, cytoplasma and ATP binding occupy the top differential terms of the three subdomains Biological process, Cellular Component and Molecular Function. A total of 326 pathways were successfully mapped that are mainly associated with intracellular synthesis, metabolism as well as intracellular functions. Moreover, a total of 27 contractile machinery associated proteins including 22 myosin, 3 actin and 2 tropomyosin were identified. Our results provide a composition profile in the four independent body parts of the jellyfish A. coerulea , of which the identified muscular proteins will greatly help in the understanding of the structural and functional relationship, as well as their operating mechanisms in the jellyfish locomotion system. Omics studies have gained a new overall insight into the function of gene and protein networks during the development of motor systems in both bilateral and radial symmetrical animals. A compared proteomics using the label-free method of nano-LC-MS/MS has been performed through the four independent body parts of the moon jellyfish A. coerulea , including Bell, Tentacle, Oral arm and Gastric pouch. In addition to conventional bioinformatics analyses such as GO and KEGG, we have scanned the locomotion-related components, aligned their sequences, simulated three dimensional structures as well as did the molecular phylogenetic analyses. Our investigation provides a composition profile in the four independent body parts of the jellyfish A. coerulea , of which the identified muscular proteins will greatly help in the understanding of the structural and functional relationship, as well as their operating mechanisms in the jellyfish locomotion system. A total of 1916 proteins were identified, where 1916, 1562, 1474 and 1441 proteins were matched in the Gastric pouch, Tentacle, Oral arm and Bell, respectively through a compared proteomics by nano-LC-MS/MS.Proteomic indexes, including amino acids (AAs) distribution, molecular weight (MW) distribution and electric point distribution, peptide count distribution, protein sequence coverage and exponentially modified protein abundance index (emPAI) distribution indicate the relationship of proteins from the four different body parts of Aurelia coerulea. Unlabelled Image • A total of 27 contractile machinery associated proteins including 22 myosin, 3 actin and 2 tropomyosin were identified, indicating a convergent evolution of muscular molecules from the jellyfish to the bilaterians. • A total of 1273 overlapped proteins out of 1916 overall identified proteins were analyzed from the four different body parts of the jellyfish A. coerulea , indicating a low difference of protein composition among the four body parts. • We have scanned the locomotion-related components, aligned their sequences, simulated three dimensional structures as well as done the molecular phylogenetic analyses as an important reference for the structure-function relationship of the muscular molecules. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Construction of S-scheme heterojunctions can effectively limit the recombination of photogenerated e - and h + , thus improving photocatalytic activity. Therefore, S-scheme ZnO/BiOCl (molar ratio = 1:2) n-n heterojunctions were synthesized via a hydrothermal-hydrolysis combined method in this study. The physical and chemical properties of the ZnO/BiOCl heterojunctions were characterized by XRD, XPS, SEM, TEM, DRS, N 2 adsorption-desorption and ESR. Additionally, the photoelectric performances of ZnO/BiOCl heterojunctions were investigated with TPR, M-S plot and EIS. The results show that photocatalytic degradation of NOR by ZnO/BiOCl reached to 94.4% under simulated sunlight, which was 3.7 and 1.6 times greater than that of ZnO and BiOCl, respectively. The enhanced photodegradation ability was attributed to the enhancement of the internal electric field between ZnO and BiOCl, facilitating the active separation of photogenerated electrons and holes. The radical capture experiments and ESR results illustrate that the contribution of reactive species was in descending order of ·OH > h + > ·O 2 - and a possible mechanism for the photodegradation of NOR over S-scheme ZnO/BiOCl heterojunctions was proposed.

Drug-resin complexes usually form in the aqueous phase. For poorly water-soluble drugs, low drug loading limits the use of resin in drug formulation. In this study, we used a new method to prepare azithromycin resinates, improving the drug loading rate, shortening the preparation time and simplifying the process. We used hydro-alcoholic solution as the drug loading solvent and the ion exchange resin as the carrier, and this method enabled the resin to adsorb both the retardant and the drug. The sustained release effect of retardant Eudragit RL, RS100 was analyzed. Drug loading efficiency, release profiles, morphology, physicochemical characterization and pharmacokinetic study were assessed. Preparation of drug resinate by batch method resulted in 14% higher drug loading of azithromycin and 3.5 h shorter loading time as compared to pure water for hydroalcoholic solution as drug loading solvent. Raman mappings demonstrated that the retardant with higher molecular weight was more likely to adsorb to the outer layer of the resin compared to the drug. The in vitro release and in vivo pharmacokinetic study of azithromycin resinates showed a sustained release profile with few gastrointestinal adverse effects. Therefore, the addition of ethanol not only improved the efficiency of drug loading but also showed sustained-release effect with one-pot preparation of azithromycin resinates., (© 2024. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to American Association of Pharmaceutical Scientists.)

Introduction Epicardial adipose tissue (EAT) is an emerging cardiovascular biomarker. Subclinical left ventricular (LV) systolic dysfunction is common in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). The aim of this study was to assess LV systolic function using two-dimensional speckle tracking echocardiography (2D-STE) and investigate its association with EAT in RA patients without clinical cardiovascular disease (CVD). Methods 60 RA patients without manifestations of CVD and 60 age- and gender-matched healthy controls have been recruited for the study. We assessed LV systolic function and EAT in all subjects using conventional echocardiography and 2D-STE. EAT was measured as the relative echo-free region between the free wall of the right ventricle and the visceral layer of the pericardium at end-systole. Results Global longitudinal strain (GLS) was decreased and EAT was increased in the RA group compared to the control group. GLS was reduced as EAT increased in RA patients (r=-0.273, P=0.035). After adjusting for confounders, multivariate linear regression analysis revealed a weakened correlation between EAT and GLS.Age and disease activity scores28 were independent factors influencing GLS in RA. Conclusion RA patients have significantly thickened EAT compared with controls. 2D-STE can detect early LV myocardial systolic dysfunction in RA, as shown by lower GLS. Accumulation of EAT is associated with lower GLS, but older age and higher disease activity may play a greater role in LV myocardial systolic dysfunction in RA., Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist., (Copyright © 2024, Wang et al.)

High load-bearing capacity is one of the crucial indicators for liquid superlubricants to move toward practicality. However, some of the current emerging systems not only have low contact pressures but also are highly susceptible to further degradation due to water adsorption and even superlubricity failure. Herein, a novel choline chloride-based ionic liquid analogues (ILAs) of a superlubricant with triethanolamine (TEOA) as the H-bond donor is reported for the first time; it obtains an ultralow coefficient of friction (0.005) and high load-bearing capacity (360 MPa, more than 2 times that of similar systems) due to adsorption of a small amount of water (<5 wt %) from the air. In situ Raman combined with 1 H NMR and FTIR techniques reveals that adsorbed water competes with the hydroxyl group of TEOA for coordination with Cl - , leading to the conversion of some strong H-bonds to weak H-bonds in ILAs; the localized strong H-bonds and weak H-bonds endow the ILAs with high load-bearing capacity and the formation of ultralow shear-resistance sliding interfaces, respectively, under the shear motion. This study proposes a strategy to modulate the interactions between liquid species using adsorbed water from air as a competing ligand, which provides new insights into the design of ILA-based macroscopic liquid superlubricants with a high load-bearing capacity.

Background: In patients with facial paralysis, the free functional gracilis muscle transfer is preferred for facial reanimation. The choice of an adequate motor nerve to innervate the transplanted gracilis muscle is one of the procedure's key components. We present a comparative study between cross-facial nerve graft (CFNG) and masseteric nerve as donor nerves for reinnervated gracilis flap transfer in patients with complete facial paralysis., Materlals and Methods: Retrospective analysis was performed on all patients with complete facial paralysis who had a free functional gracilis muscle transfer for facial reanimation between January 2014 and December 2021. Only those who received gracilis transfer reinnervated by either CFNG or masseteric nerve were included in this study. The smile excursion and lip angle were measured for evaluating the outcomes postoperatively., Results: The inclusion criteria were met by a total of 21 free functional gracilis muscle transfers, of which 11 were innervated by CFNG and 10 by the masseteric nerve. Both surgical procedures resulted in a highly considerable smile excursion of the reanimated side and postoperative improvement of static or dynamic lip angle. Masseteric nerve coaptation led to greater smile excursion and more significant improvement of dynamic lip angle than CFNG., Conclusions: For patients who have complete facial paralysis, face reanimation can be successfully accomplished by free gracilis transfer reinnervated by the CFNG or the masseteric nerve. In particular, the masseteric nerve is a reliable choice for dynamic smile reanimation., Competing Interests: The authors report no conflicts of interest., (Copyright © 2023 by Mutaz B. Habal, MD.)

Objective: The objective of this study was to investigate the effects and mechanisms of adipose-derived stem cell-derived exosome (ADSCs-Exo) in treating premature ovarian failure (POF)., Methods: We constructed a POF mouse model through intraperitoneal injection of cyclophosphamide, followed by the administration of the autophagy inhibitor 3-methyladenine (3-MA). Pathological injury, follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), malondialdehyde (MDA), reactive oxygen species (ROS), estradiol (E2), superoxide dismutase (SOD), granulosa cell (GC) apoptosis, and autophagy were assessed. Exosomes isolated from ADSCs were used to treat POF in mice. The AMPK-mTOR pathway and its proteins (p-AMPK and p-mTOR) were evaluated. A POF cell model was established using cyclophosphamide-treated human ovarian granulosa-like tumor (KGN) cells. We administered ADSCs-Exo and rapamycin to validate the mechanism of ADSCs-Exo against POF., Results: In POF mice, 3-MA treatment attenuated pathological injuries, decreased FSH, MDA, and ROS levels, and increased E2 and SOD levels. 3-MA treatment also inhibited GC apoptosis and autophagy. ADSCs-Exo alleviated pathological injuries, improved ovarian morphology and function, and reduced oxidative stress in POF mice. ADSCs-Exo inhibited GC apoptosis and autophagy. ADSCs-Exo downregulated the expression of AMPK/mTOR pathway proteins (p-AMPK and p-mTOR). In the POF cell model, ADSCs-Exo and rapamycin inhibited AMPK/mTOR-mediated autophagy., Conclusion: ADSCs-Exo inhibits POF through the inhibition of autophagy and the AMPK/mTOR pathway. This study provides a potential target for the clinical treatment of POF., Competing Interests: The authors declare there are no competing interests., (©2023 Ren et al.)

Objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the reliability and validity of the Chinese version of the Trait Gratitude to Nature Scale (TGNS) for Chinese college students., Methods: The original English version of the TGNS was translated into Chinese. Subsequently, two samples consisting of 1,131 Chinese university students from Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region was recruited through online surveys to evaluate the psychometric properties of the Chinese version of the TGNS, including the discrimination, construct validity, criterion validity, reliability and gender invariance., Results: The Chinese version of the TGNS showed good psychometric properties. The item-total correlation coefficients of the scale ranged from 0.813 to 0.909. Exploratory factor analysis using data from Sample 1 ( n  = 617) demonstrated that the Chinese version of the TGNS has one factor. The confirmatory factor analysis using data from Sample 2 ( n  = 514) showed that the Chinese version of the TGNS has appropriate construct validity (χ 2 /df  = 4.157, RMSEA = 0.078, TLI = 0.943 and CFI = 0.967). The significant correlation between the Chinese version of the TGNS and all the other criterion scale scores ( p  < 0.001) indicated that the Chinese version of the TGNS displays good criterion validity. The test-retest reliability was 0.914, using the sub-sample of Sample 2 ( n  = 127). The results of gender invariance test indicated that the Chinese version of the TGNS has entire equivalence between the two genders., Conclusion: The Chinese version of the TGNS has satisfactory psychometric properties in the Chinese cultural context and can be used as s a reliable and valid instrument to assess trait gratitude to nature., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2023 Li, Liang, Jin, Zhang, A, Hu and Wang.)

The study aimed to assess the functional and aesthetic outcomes of abdominal full-thickness skin grafts (FTSGs) in paediatric postburn digital and palmar flexion contractures. The digital and palmar functions and aesthetics of 50 children who met the criteria were evaluated at pre-operation, the 3rd- and 12th-month post-operation, respectively. In the evaluation, the Vancouver Scar Scale (VSS), total active movement (TAM), and Jebsen-Taylor Hand Function Test (JHFT) were used. The contralateral, unaffected hand served as the criteria for functional recovery. The complications of donor sites were observed, and the take rate of skin grafts was calculated. The VSS scores at the 3rd and 12th months post-operation were lower than those before the operation. The TAM of each finger was improved at the 3rd and 12th months post-operation, compared with that before the operation. There was a significant difference in the time to complete the JHFT between the affected hand and the unaffected at the 3rd month post-operation, but no significant difference between them at the 12th month post-operation. The excellent and good take rate of the skin grafts was 90.00%.No donor site complications were observed. The abdominal FTSGs are effective in repairing paediatric digital and palmar scar contractures, with satisfying functional and aesthetic results, especially in large defects after scar release and resection., (© 2023 The Authors. International Wound Journal published by Medicalhelplines.com Inc and John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)

Ionic liquid analogues (ILAs) are promising electrolytes for supercapacitors due to their low cost and considerable voltage (>2.0 V). However, the voltage is <1.1 V for water-adsorbed ILAs. Herein for the first time, an amphoteric imidazole (IMZ) additive is reported to address this concern by reconfiguring the solvent shell of ILAs. Addition of only 2 wt % IMZ increases the voltage from 1.1 to 2.2 V, with an increase in capacitance from 178 to 211 F g -1 and an increase in energy density from 6.8 to 32.6 Wh kg -1 . In situ Raman reveals that the strong H-bonds formed by IMZ with completive ligands 1,3-propanediol and water induce a reversal of the polarity of the solvent shells, suppressing absorbed water electrochemical activity and thus increasing the voltage. This study solves the problem of low voltage for water-adsorbed ILAs and reduces the equipment cost of ILA-based supercapacitor assembly (e.g., assembly in air without a glovebox).

Background: It has been reported diabetic gastroparesis is related to diabetic autonomic neuropathy of the gastrointestinal tract, and berberine (BBR) could ameliorate diabetic central and peripheral neuropathy. However, the influence of BBR on the function and motility of the gastric fundus nerve is unclear., Methods: A diabetic rat model was constructed, and HE staining was used to observe the morphological changes in the gastric fundus. The changes in cholinergic and nitrogen-related neurochemical indexes and the effects of BBR on them were measured using Elisa. The effects of BBR on the neural function and motility of gastric fundus were investigated by electric field stimulation (EFS) induced neurogenic response in vitro., Results: In the early stage of STZ-induced diabetic rats, the contractile response of gastric fundus induced by EFS was disorder, disturbance of contraction amplitude, and the cell bodies of neurons in the myenteric plexus of gastric fundus presented vacuolar lesions. Administration with BBR could improve the above symptoms. BBR further enhanced the contraction response in the presence of a NOS inhibitor or the case of inhibitory neurotransmitters removal. Interestingly, the activity of ACh could affect NO release directly and the enhancement of BBR on contractile response was canceled by calcium channel blockers completely., Conclusions: In the early stage of STZ-induced diabetic rats, the neurogenic contractile response disorder of the gastric fundus is mainly related to cholinergic and nitrergic nerve dysfunction. BBR promotes the release of ACh mainly by affecting the calcium channel to improve the neurological dysfunction of the gastric fundus., Competing Interests: The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (© 2023 The Authors.)

A high load-carrying capacity is the key to the practicality of liquid superlubricity, but it is difficult to achieve high load and low friction simultaneously by relying solely on a liquid film. Herein, a choline chloride-based ionic liquid analogue (ILA) macroscale superlubricant is first reported by tuning down strong hydrogen bonding in the ILA via introducing 2-10 wt % water, with a high load of 160 MPa and a low coefficient of friction of 0.006-0.008. In situ Raman reveals that competitive exchange between external water and crystalline water induces weak H-bond-dominated incomplete hydration, conferring a low-shear interface and considerable load-carrying capacity inside the lubricant. It is a hydrodynamic lubrication film rather than a tribochemical/physical adsorption film, allowing it to be applied to friction pairs of various materials. This study unveils the principle of water mediation of high-viscosity ILAs and also provides new insights into the design of practical ILA-based superlubrication materials with high load-carrying capacity.

Background: The treatment of long-standing facial paralysis has always been a challenge for plastic surgery. The purpose of this study was to demonstrate that the free functional gracilis transfer innervated by the cross-facial nerve graft (CFNG) is still an ideal option, even though there are many new surgical options available., Methods: A retrospective survey was made on 12 patients who received free functional gracilis transfer innervated by the CFNG. A modified version of the House-Brackmann scale was used to evaluate the movement of the corners of mouth after surgery. Patients were also asked about their satisfaction with the operation. In addition, an objective test was performed to assess the postoperative angle improvement by measuring the angle formed between the horizontal line of both corners of the lips and the vertical midline., Results: All grafts survived well. No severe complication occurred. Three patients received further surgical operations for aesthetic reasons. The movement of the corners of mouth was classified as excellent in 8 cases, good in three cases, and fair in one cases. The static angle and dynamic angle of postoperation improved and the range of dynamic angle improvement was larger than that of static angle., Conclusion: Free functional gracilis transfer innervated by the CFNG is an ideal technique for facial paralysis. It can effectively improve the facial dynamic of the affected side., Competing Interests: The authors report no conflicts of interest., (Copyright © 2020 by Mutaz B. Habal, MD.)

Background: Resistance to proteasome inhibitors (PIs) is a major obstacle to the successful treatment of multiple myeloma (MM). Many mechanisms have been proposed for PI resistance; however, our mechanistic understanding of how PI resistance is inevitably acquired and reversed remains incomplete., Methods: MM patients after bortezomib relapse, MM cell lines and mouse models were used to generate matched resistant and reversed cells. RNA sequencing and bioinformatics analyses were employed to assess dysregulated epigenetic regulators. In vitro and in vivo procedures were used to characterise PI-tolerant cells and therapeutic efficacy., Results: Upon PI treatment, MM cells enter a slow-cycling and reversible drug-tolerant state. This reversible phenotype is associated with epigenetic plasticity, which involves tolerance rather than persistence in patients with relapsed MM. Combination treatment with histone deacetylase inhibitors and high-dosage intermittent therapy, as opposed to sustained PI monotherapy, can be more effective in treating MM by preventing the emergence of PI-tolerant cells. The therapeutic basis is the reversal of dysregulated epigenetic regulators in MM patients., Conclusions: We propose an alternative non-mutational PI resistance mechanism that explains why PI relapse is inevitable and why patients regain sensitivity after a 'drug holiday'. Our study also suggests strategies for epigenetic elimination of drug-tolerant cells.

In this work, a two-component modified AgBr-Br-g-C 3 N 4 composite catalyst with outstanding photocatalytic H 2 O 2 production ability is synthesized. XRD, UV-Vis, N 2 adsorption, TEM, XPS, EPR and PL were used to characterize the obtained catalysts. The as-prepared AgBr-Br-g-C 3 N 4 composite catalyst shows the highest H 2 O 2 equilibrium concentration of 3.9 mmol L -1 , which is 7.8 and 19.5 times higher than that of GCN and AgBr. A "two channel pathway" is proposed for this reaction system which causes the remarkably promoted H 2 O 2 production ability. In addition, compared with another two-component modified catalyst, Ag-AgBr-g-C 3 N 4 , AgBr-Br-g-C 3 N 4 composite catalyst displays the higher photocatalytic H 2 O 2 production ability and stability., Competing Interests: There are no conflicts to declare., (This journal is © The Royal Society of Chemistry.)