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Euharistija je u Starom zavjetu pripremljena žrtvenim slavljem Pashe i njezinim djelom oslobođenja. Crkva je kroz stoljeća podržavala i spasila zajedničarski značaj tog otajstva. Ali euharistija predstavljajući duboki teološki i liturgijsko-vjernički događaj svjedoči trajno nadahnuće u predanju za društvenu pravednost. Tako je euharistija spomen Isusovog života za druge i ljudski poziv na odgovorno ponašanje i djelovanje., The Eucharist is prepared in the Old Testament by the sacrificial celebration of Passover and its deed of liberation. The Church through the centuries supported solidarity and saved the community character of this mistery. But the Eucharist representing a deep theological and liturgical event of believers testifies a permanent inspiration in commitment for the social justice. So is the Eucharist a memory of Jesus life for others and an invitation to responsabile behavior and action.

Se propone la relación entre el mito, las narraciones y el contexto social, como un sistema complejo en transformación. En el presente, se verifica el auge del género autobiográfico, canalizado en un tipo de programación televisiva. Se extraen ejemplos de la televisión española para identificar: 1) un tipo de mito referido al ordenamiento de la intimidad; 2) estilos narrativos asimilables a diversas estructuras dramáticas; 3) un debilitamiento de la función social y personal de la responsabilidad biográfica. The text that follows suggests conceiving the relation between myth, narration and social context, as a complex system in transformation. At present, the thrive of the autobiographic genre has been proved, mainly channelled through certain television programmes. Some examples taken from Spanish television have been used to identify: 1) a type of myth refered to the arranging of privacy; 2) narrative styles readily assimilated to different dramatic structures; 3) a weakening of the social and personal function related to biographic responsability.

En l'ètica aristotèlica no apareix la categoria de responsabilitat pròpiament dita. No obstant això, en el corpus aristotèlic, i particularment en la poètica, es troben elements molt productius per pensar la naturalesa d'aquest concepte que potser no sigui reduciblea una teoria consistent, sinó més aviat es tracti d'un concepte «gandul» que hi ha queasumir com tal., The moral philosophy of Aristotle do not includes the category of responsability as such.But in the aristotelian work, and specially in the Poetic, it is possible to find very productiveelements in orther to think the nature of this concept that may be it is irreducible toa consistent theory, but rather is a kind of «vague» concept that one has to assume on its condition., En la ética aristotélica no aparece la categoría de responsabilidad propiamente dicha. Sinembargo, en el corpus aristotélico, y particularmente en la poética, se encuentran elementosmuy productivos para pensar la naturaleza de este concepto que acaso no sea reducible a una teoría consistente, sino más bien se trate de un concepto «vago» que hay queasumir como tal.

The paper focuses on indirectly infected persons (persons infected by a person, infected by a person, etc., itself infected by a public organism, for AIDS, hepatitis C, etc.). It is assumed that fairness implies the national community to indemnify them. Graph theory is used to explain what is indirect infection. The concept of chains of infection, and their length is central. Re-infections are considered also because even individuals that are initially infected by another cause could become later indirectly infected by the public agent. The number of persons to be indemnified is larger than for direct infection, so the cost of compensation is higher, unless if compensation per capita is lower. The required quantity of information is so large that this is unrealistic and not democratic. The precision of the determination of infecting causes, as well as the responsibility, decreases rapidly when the length of chains increases. With re-infection, potentially all infected persons could become relevant of a compensation. Compensation of indirectly infected persons is unrealistic, what is unfair when the directly infected persons are compensated

The European Eco-Management and Audit Scheme and the ISO 14001 environmental management standard are currently getting widely adopted by firms. This research shows that the diffusion represents a significant step of the environmental management rationalisation (in firms). This phenomenon gets benefit from the very wide diffusion of quality assurance's standards. The latests' principles are being transposed to environment by means of environmental management schemes. Indeed the application of those standards relies on competencies acquired by industrial organisations regarding quality management : activity's formalisation, management tools, transversal management. However, the “ extension ” of the quality assurance to new applications fields take a specific meaning in regard of the current evolution of environmental issues. In fact, environmental management schemes contribute to the emergence of a negociated regulation of environment. A higher competency of the industrialists, the involvment into an innovation and permanent improvement's dynamic as well as the investment into management tools allow the firms to be an actor of this negociated regulation.; Les référentiels de “ management environnemental ”, le Règlement Européen Éco-audit et la norme ISO 14001, connaissent aujourd'hui une large diffusion auprès des entreprises. La thèse montre que cette diffusion constitue une étape significative de la rationalisation de la gestion de l'environnement dans l'industrie. Certes, ce phénomène hérite de la très large diffusion des normes d'assurance de la qualité. En effet, les référentiels de management environnemental transposent à l'environnement les principes de ces dernières. Aussi, la mise en oeuvre de ces référentiels s'appuie-t-elle sur les compétences acquises par les organisations industrielles en matière de gestion de la qualité : formalisation des activités, instrumentation de gestion, gestion transversale. Cependant, cette “ extension ” du champ d'application de l'assurance qualité prend un sens particulier au regard de l'évolution actuelle des enjeux environnementaux. En effet, les référentiels de management environnemental participent à l'émergence d'une régulation négociée de l'environnement. Une plus grande compétence de l'industriel, l'engagement dans une dynamique d'innovation et d'amélioration permanente et l'investissement dans une instrumentation de gestion lui permettent d'être acteur de cette régulation négociée.

La note de synthèse est structurée en cinq chapitres. Les trois premiers interrogent tour à tour le statut conceptuel, méthodologique et épistémologique de la relation conçue comme fondamentalement paradoxale, c’est-à-dire conjointement relation/séparation. L’opérateur « versus » (/), caractéristique de ce paradoxe, signe la récursivité autoréférentielle de ce paradoxe de la relation, et la constitue comme de l’ordre du manque. La quête heuristique, qui est soutenue par et traduit la relation du chercheur à son objet de recherche, devient fondée sur son absence de fondement, sur le sol mouvant et toujours réouvert du manque : manque à savoir, manque à dire, manque à percevoir, reconnus comme incomblables. L’incomplétude assumée devient promesse de passages renouvelés-renouvelables.Cette reconnaissance permet, dans le chapitre quatre, d’interroger la question du lien social. Il s’y trouve alors élaboré comme processus de l’ordre du « intégrer/s’intégrer », processus incessant et récursif, d’où co-émergent soi et le monde. Le dernier chapitre s’efforce d’approfondir les conséquences des acquis précédents du point de vue d’une posture de référence, celle qui viserait à accompagner de tels processus d’intégration, intégration sociale mais aussi heuristique dans la cadre de la direction de recherches. Cette posture de référence, paradoxale, semble pouvoir se formaliser comme morale de la réciprocité/éthique de la responsabilité.

Mestrado em Gestão/MBA O argumento base desta tese é o de que, a confiança, o compromisso e o empenhamento de todos os colaboradores de uma empresa são de tal forma importantes para o sucesso desta como o posicionamento estratégico e as vantagens competitivas de um bom planeamento. Pode ser sintetizado em cinco pontos chave: 1.Num ambiente global extremamente competitivo, as decisões estratégicas de qualquer grande empresa resultam tanto em lucro como em prejuízo. 2.Cabe aos administradores a responsabilidade de distribuir esses lucros e prejuízos pelos colaboradores da empresa. Essa tarefa pode ser realizada arbitrariamente ou de forma ponderada. Só uma decisão ponderada torna os príncipios éticos um modelo de análise válido. 3.0s princípios éticos têm aquela importância e peso porque constituem o único meio de reconhecer os interesses e direitos de cada um dos colaboradores e de os comparar a partir dos principios de referência. 4.0s colaboradores convictos de que os lucros foram bem distribuidos assim como os cargos da empresa, através de um processo que contemplou os seus direitos e procurou um equilíbrio entre os seus interesses e direitos e os dos outros colaboradores com base nos principios estabelecidos e aceites, consolidarão certamente a sua confiança para com a empresa. 5.Colaboradores confiantes envolvem-se mais comprometem-se com o futuro da empresa. Esse compromisso assegurará um maior empenho tanto em cooperação como em inovação, o qual conduz ao sucesso económico e concorrencial da empresa, que entretanto, deve ser avaliado ao longo do tempo. The basic argument of this work, wich is that the trust, commitment and efford on • the part of ali of the stake-holders of firm as are the competitive advantages and strategic positions of its planning process - can be sumrnarized in a series of five statements: 1.The strategic decisions of any large scale economic enterprise in competitive global environment resuit in both benefits and harms. 2.11 is the responsibility of the senior executives of the firm to distribute those benefits and allocate those harms among the stakeholders of the company. This can be done arbitrarily or thoughtfully. If it is done thoughtfully, then the ethical principies offer ' the only form of analysis that is relevant. 3.The ethical principies offer the oniy form of analysis that is relevant for the distribution of benefits and the allocation of harms because they provide the only means of recognizing the interests and rights of each of the stakeholders and comparing those interests and rights through the use of known principies. 4.Stakeholders who believe that the benefits have been distributed and the names allocated through a process that compares those interests and rights with those of other stakeholders through the use of known principies, will develop trust in the direction of the firm. 5.Stakeholders who develop trust in the direction of the firm will show commitment to its future. Comrnitment to the future of a firm will ensure efforts that are both cooperative and innovative. Cooperative, innovative, and directed efforts on the part of ali of the stakeholder groups will lead to competitive and economic success, however measured, for that firm over time. info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion

Aristotle develops his theory of moral responsibility mainly in part III of the Nicomachean Ethics , where he claims we are held responsible for our voluntary actions and thus liable to either praise or blame, whereas for our involuntary actions we may be liable to either pardon or pity. However, he recognizes how difficult it is to present general criteria allowing a clear-cut distinction between voluntary and involuntary actions. That is why he presents two other types of action that are somehow in-between voluntariness and involuntariness: non-voluntary and mixed actions. Notwithstanding, he fails to state exactly what should be the appropriate response to such moral actions. In this article, the author tries to show that the only way to effectively make sense of moral responsibility in non-voluntary and in mixed actions is to consider the ensemble of praise, blame, pardon and pity as constituting not two pairs of alternative responses to voluntary and involuntary actions, respectively, but rather one single scale in different degrees of the same kind of moral responsibility – with praise at the top, pity at the bottom, and several grey areas in-between. Moral responsibility in non-voluntary and mixed actions is set in those grey areas.

a Responsibility as Risk (Some Thoughts on Ross Chambers's The Responsibility of Responsiveness: Criticism in an Age of Witness ) Emily Apter Ross Chambers's The Responsibility of Responsiveness: Criti- cism in an Age of Witness, is one of those rare pieces of meta- reflection on the nature and purpose of critical work that prompts a hard look at what we are doing as so-called literary critics and why. Imbued with the guilt and sadness of a survivor in the age of AIDS, Ross's present sense of distance from his own career career structured around and motivated by diverse forms of textual pleasure-seeking invites us to interrogate, in the deepest and most personal ways, the relationship between our ontology and our calling, between our niodes of being in the world as teachers, activists, critics and readers of culture, and our status as professionals of a fairly elite order invested, quite literally, in a vocation. For the sociologist Pierre Bourdieu, these clivages du moi or splits between intellectual passion and self-deceptive professional protocols, subtend and define the uniquely rifted academic universe. Ross Chambers's paper reprises the kind of niise en cause of Jwmo academicus that Bourdieu initiated in his book of that title in 1984.^ Bourdieu's anthropology of academia's values and institu- tions relied on a demystificatory examination of academic power structures based on guild-loyalty, self-identification as a teaching corps whose body must resist and defend its stakes; certification rituals, structures of legitimation, strategies of self-authorization; and the emergence of symbolic (intellectual) capital which, in its volatility and quiescence, both mimics and holds shares in the global economic marketplace. Ever suspicious of careerism for its own sake, of the smoke and mirrors posturing of superstars, or what Bourdieu has dubbed consecrated heretics (cultural sacred cows). Chambers reviews his own biography as homo academicus through an ethical and actuarial lens. His sense of the fragility of life, of generations vulnerable to lives and careers abridged by precocious mortality.

Texto que sirvió de base para la Mesa Redonda "La Criminología ante la Bioética", celebrada el 20 de julio 1992 en el curso sobre "Criminología y Bioética", dentro de los XI Cursos de Verano de la UPV/EHU. El tema de "La Criminología ante la Bioética" desde el concepto de "acto médico", y las aportaciones que puede ofrecer la Medicina a la Criminología en torno a las cuestiones bioéticas.

Curso de Verano: "Nuevas perspectivas de la Filosofía y de la Sociología políticas". Mantenimiento del poder a través de la responsabilidad del gobernante frente a los gobernados.

International audience; Cette étude avait pour objectif majeur de tester l’hypothèse d’une asymétrie de genre dans la stigmatisation de l’obésité chez des jeunes enfants. Elle avait aussi pour objectif de tester si, dès ce jeune âge, l’obésité est associée à une perception de responsabilité (perception des causes) et de contrôlabilité (perception des solutions).On a demandé à des filles et des garçons, âgés de 5 et 6 ans, de ranger par ordre de préférence décroissante six dessins représentant des filles et des garçons variant en corpulence (maigre, obèse et intermédiaire). Puis on leur a demandé de répondre à un questionnaire mesurant leurs perceptions des causes et des solutions.Les résultats confirment que le rejet des enfants obèses, de même sexe ou de sexe opposé, est plus marqué de la part des filles que des garçons. Ils montrent également que, si garçons et filles penchent vers des explications internes de l’obésité, seules les filles soulignent que l’obésité est contrôlable. Elles ajoutent que faire du sport peut être une solution efficace.Ainsi, dès ce très jeune âge, la stigmatisation de l’obésité traduit une asymétrie de la catégorisation de genre. Les filles, particulièrement sévères à l’égard de leurs pairs obèses, pensent que l’obésité peut se maîtriser et semblent avoir internalisé les standards normatifs de la beauté féminine.; The major aim of this study was to test gender asymmetry of body-size stigmatisation in preschool children. It also examined to what extent very young children associate overweight with responsibility (cause perception) and controllability (solution perception).Five and six year-old boys and girls were asked to rank six drawings differing in terms of gender (girls vs. boys) and body size (thin, obese, and average-size). They were then asked to answer a questionnaire measuring perceived causes and solutions.Results first confirmed that either male or female obese children were more rejected by girls than by boys. They also revealed that both girls and boys associated overweight with internal causes, but only girls thought that overweight is controllable, suggesting that doing sport may be appropriate to overcome overweight. Thus, even at a very young age, over-weight stigmatisation is biased by gender category asymmetry. Girls are especially severe against overweight peers. They think that overweight is controllable and seem to have internalized normative standards of feminine beauty.

The Common Law professional responsability (liability) of Veterinary Surgeons derives from the contractual obligation defined in Articles 1137, 1147 and 1150 of the Code Civil (Common Law). It implies, for the practising surgeon, that he should have recourse to the means that, deriving from the present data of science, are convenient (apt) to insure speedy, conscientious and careful treatment. In the main fields of professional activity such means have been defined. The standardization (normalization) of liability suits depends on the permanent training of Veterinary Surgeons, the enlightened consent of customers and on some technical assistance given to Insurance Companies., La responsabilité civile professionnelle du vétérinaire relève de l'obligation contractuelle définie aux articles 1137, 1147 et 1 150 du Code Civil. Elle implique, pour le praticien, le recours aux moyens découlant des données actuelles de la science et propres à assurer des soins diligents, consciencieux et attentifs. Dans les principaux domaines de l’activité professionnelle, ces moyens ont été définis. La normalisation des actions en responsabilité civile est sous la dépendance de la formation continue des vétérinaires, du consentement éclairé des usagers et d’une assistance technique auprès des compagnies d’assurances., Clouet Marcel. La responsabilité civile contractuelle du vétérinaire praticien. In: Bulletin de l'Académie Vétérinaire de France tome 134 n°1, 1981. pp. 29-38.

Vivemos um tempo de mudança de paradigmas na educação. O advento da sociedade em rede nesta Era Digital está a transformar profundamente a sociedade e a educação. De um ensino industrial e de cariz comportamentalista, assistimos hoje à emergência de um ensino pós-industrial e de índole construtivista. A distinção entre o ensino presencial e o ensino online é cada vez menor, requerendo o desenvolvimento de competências digitais por parte de professores e alunos. Torna-se necessária a construção de uma identidade digital que não é apenas uma identificação do estudante, mas é a sua marca digital enquanto cidadão. We live a time of paradigm shift in education. The advent of the network society in this Digital Age is profoundly transform society and education. From an industrial and behavioral oriented education, today we are witnessing the emergence of a post-industrial education and constructivist nature. The distinction between classroom learning and online education is dwindling, requiring the development of digital skills by teachers and students. It is necessary to build a digital identity that is not only a student ID, but it's your digital brand as a citizen

Lorsque survient un suicide en milieu carcéral, le débat sur le partage des responsabilités se situe à au moins quatre niveaux qui ne sont pas toujours très explicites : celui de la société, en général, celui des institutions, celui des intervenants actifs dans ces institutions et, finalement, celui des personnes incarcérées elles-mêmes (qu’elles soient suicidaires ou pairs de suicidaires). Nous sommes tous interpellés à ces différents niveaux et, par-delà la culpabilisation qui pourrait en résulter, notre prise de conscience devrait plutôt nous amener à agir, de façon cohérente et proactive, dans les différentes sphères où nous pouvons avoir une emprise., When a suicide occurs in a prison environment, the debate on the sharing of responsibilities lies on four levels that are not always explicit: the societal level, in general, the institutional level, the level of caregivers working in these institutions and, lastly, the level of the incarcerated individuals themselves, either being suicidal or being the peer of a suicidal person. We are all called upon at these different levels and, beyond the placing guilt that may result, our awareness of the situation should rather bring us to take action, consistently and proactively, in the various spheres in which we may have some influence.

La réforme curriculaire mise en oeuvre dans les écoles primaires au Québec préconisait l’utilisation de nouvelles démarches pédagogiques, dont, entre autres, la pédagogie par projet, et a occasionné des changements importants dans la structure et l’organisation des tâches dans les établissements scolaires. Afin d’examiner le processus d’appropriation et les responsabilités respectives dans la mise en pratique de la pédagogie par projet, nous avons entrepris une démarche de recherche qualitative, descriptive et exploratoire. Nous avons privilégié l’approche de l’étude de cas dans cinq écoles primaires de l’Outaouais. Les résultats mettent en évidence que, dans la mise en oeuvre de la pédagogie par projet, la plus grande responsabilité a été confiée aux enseignants, qui, sans être nécessairement formés, ont dû composer avec plusieurs nouvelles exigences. L’appropriation de cette démarche pédagogique aurait nécessité un partage réfléchi des responsabilités et le développement d’une réelle structure de collaboration., The curricular reform that took place in Quebec public schools promoted the use of new educational strategies, such as project-oriented learning. As a result, important changes occurred in the organizational functioning of many schools. Our qualitative research explored the different ways schools undertook the implementation of project-oriented learning. We chose to use a case study, allowing us to examine the way five public elementary schools chose to implement a project-oriented pedagogy. The results indicate that in this process, teachers seem to undertake more responsibilities than students and principals. The development of a co- responsibility among all the stakeholders (teachers, principals, students) in managing the implementation of different projects, could be an interesting way to insure a more cohesive use of this particular pedagogy., La reforma curricular implantada en las escuelas de educación primaria en Quebec defiende la utilización de nuevos enfoques pedagógicos, entre los cuales se encuentra la pedagogía por proyectos, que ha provocado cambios importantes en la estructura y la organización de las tareas en los establecimientos escolares. Con el objetivo de examinar el proceso de apropiación y las responsabilidades respectivas en la puesta en práctica de la pedagogía por proyectos, hemos desarrollado una investigación de tipo cualitativo, descriptivo y exploratorio. Hemos privilegiado el enfoque del estudio de casos en cinco escuelas primarias en Outaouais. Los resultados evidencian que, en el proceso de puesta en marcha de la pedagogía por proyectos, son los maestros quienes reciben la mayor responsabilidad y que, sin estar necesariamente formados, deben enfrentarse a varias nuevas exigencias. La apropiación de este enfoque pedagógico habría necesitado que se repartan de forma reflexiva las responsabilidades y el desarrollo de una verdadera estructura de colaboración.

Since the focus of Bioethics is the bridge between Humanities and the Life Sciences and bearing in mind that this bridge is often difficult to build, those who believe that this dialogue is important in our days should promote it through Education. By educating in Bioethics it is possible to improve the participation of the citizens in debates on the ethical issues raised by new technologies and scientific research. It is our conviction that literary texts are laboratories of ethical judgment, where the ethical questions concerning specific scientific/technological issues are addressed in an imaginary world. Therefore our purpose is to present a framework for ethical deliberation through the use of literature. Fiction allows us to “practise” ethical decision making, by focusing on the particular cases of the characters of the story and by checking how the principles / theories working at the background apply to the narrated cases.