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Imprinted modified POPD/CdS S-scheme heterojunction possesses good selective degradation ability and CdS photocorrosion resistance. [Display omitted] • IM-POPD/CdS S-scheme heterojunction is obtained by microwave polymerization technique. • Imprinted modified POPD layer inhibits CdS photo-corrosion. • S-scheme heterojunction formed by POPD and CdS improves the photocatalytic activity. • Imprinted modified POPD layer achieves the orientation degradation of DFM in different water environments. Imprinted modified poly-o-phenylenediamine (POPD)/CdS S-scheme heterojunction (IM-POPD/CdS) was synthesized by microwave polymerization method, which showed excellent CdS photocorrosion resistance and photocatalytic degradation performance towards danofloxacin mesylate (DFM). Interestingly, owing to the presence of imprinted cavities on IM-POPD/CdS, IM-POPD/CdS can selectively adsorb and degrade DFM. IM-POPD/CdS exhibited a good orientation degradation ability in different water environments. More importantly, due to the coating of the imprinted modified POPD layer and the consumption of h+ in the CdS valence band by e- on the POPD, the photocorrosion of CdS is greatly inhibited, and its secondary pollution is reduced. This study provides a new idea for photocorrosion resistant functional heterojunction materials and an exemplary way for the effective directional degradation of target pollutants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

High current pulsed electron beam (HCPEB) technology was applied to irradiate the surface of mono-crystalline Ge wafers (Ge (100) and Ge (111)) with different orientations, and the microstructure and properties of the irradiated surface were analyzed in detail. The results show that after HCPEB irradiation, numerous molten pits and local microcracks were produced on the surface of mono-crystalline Ge, and the pit density decreased with the increase of irradiation pulses. TEM observations indicated that after irradiation, the defects are mainly vacancy group defects and dislocation rings, and Ge nanocrystals with uniform size distribution are produced. HCPEB irradiation also formed self-assembled nanostructures on the surface of Ge. Cross section TEM indicated that the 250 nm deep defect channels were under the quantum dots, which confirms the formation mechanism of self-assembled nanostructures. The photoluminescence results indicated that the irradiated mono-crystalline Ge still has blue emission properties, and the luminescence mechanism is the quantum confinement effect of Ge nanocrystals embedded in slightly oxidized or nitrided amorphous structures. • HCPEB irradiation can induce the proliferation of crystal defects and the formation of neatly arranged microcrack. • HCPEB irradiation induced numerous supersaturated vacancy defects in mono-crystalline Ge. • HCPEB irradiation induced the formation of nanocrystals on the Ge surface. • HCPEB irradiation induced the formation of self-assembled nanostructures on Ge surface. • After HCPEB irradiation, the blue light emission phenomenon of photoluminescence appeared in mono-crystalline Ge. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

N–ZnO/CdS/Graphene oxide (GO) composite photocatalysts have been successfully synthesized by hydrothermal method. The as-prepared composite photocatalysts were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman, scanning electron microscopy(SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectra, UV–vis diffuse reflectance spectra (UV–vis DRS), thermogravimetry (TG) and photoluminescence (PL). The as-prepared photocatalysts exhibited strong visible light photocatalytic activity toward to degradation of antibiotics under ambient conditions. Particularly, the N–ZnO/CdS/GO composite photocatalysts showed the higher photocatalytic degradation rate (86%) of ciprofloxacin CIP under visible light irradiation than the pure photocatalysts. Compared with degradation of different antibiotics (tetracycline (TC), oxytetracycline hydrochloride (OTC-HCl) and levofloxacin (LEV)), the N–ZnO/CdS/GO composite photocatalysts also exhibited high photocatalytic activities. According to the experiments, the role of GO in the composite photocatalysts acted as an electron conductor, and also enhanced the separation rate of electrons and holes which greatly improved the photocatalytic activity. Lastly, the mechanism of enhanced photocatalytic degradation of CIP was also discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this work, imprinted poly (ionic liquid)-TiO 2 composite nanoreactor (I-PIL-TiO 2) was synthesized by the microwave-assisted in-situ polymerization in non-toxic aqueous phase. The S-scheme heterojunction made of I-PIL wrapping TiO 2 had a tight and large interface region. According to Mott–Schottky's experiment and theoretical calculation, the obtained composite nanoreactor had improved the rapid separation and migration of carriers and increased carrier density, which was closely related to the formation of internal electric field (IEF) driven channels in the interface. The results showed that the orientation of the IEF was from TiO 2 to I-PIL, so that photogenerated holes (h+) were accelerated to migrate to I-PIL through the interface channel, which was conducive to h+ directly attacking LEV. The photocatalytic activity of I-PIL-TiO 2 was 1.69 times higher than that of TiO 2. More interestingly, the presence of IEF increased the enrichment ability of h+ in imprinted cavities, improved the selective degradation ability of the composite nanoreactor, and maintained stable performance in the swine wastewater. After five degradation reactions, the composite still maintained good stability. This work provided a feasible way to synthesize polymer-inorganic composite photocatalytic materials with good interfacial charge transfer by simple and green method. Construction of internal electric field at the interface of imprinted poly (ionic liquid)-TiO 2 composite nanoreactor by microwave-assisted in-situ polymerization for improving hole directional enrichment and selective photodegradation of levofloxacin. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Use photocatalytic technology to oxidize HMF to prepare high-value chemical DFF, and realize the high selectivity of HMF to generate DFF. • The nitrogen-doped porous composite material with rich pore structure and excellent adsorption performance is designed and synthesized with chitosan as the carbon source. • The CdS QDs/biochar composite photocatalyst expands the response range of visible light, improves the utilization of solar energy and inhibits the recombination of photo-generated carriers. In the present study, a self-doped N-doped chitosan carbon (Ch) was prepared by activated carbonization as a carrier. A series of CdS QDs/xCh composite photocatalysts were synthesized by hydrothermal method to support CdS QDs with different contents. Catalytic oxidation of 5-hydroxymethyl furfural (HMF) was performed to produce 2,5-diformyl furan (DFF). Results showed that 20% Ch loading (CC-20), 10 h reaction time, and 1/4 raw material/catalyst ratio, HMF conversion rate of 78.73% and DFF selectivity of 97.31% were achieved. Through 5 cycles of experiments on CC-20, results showed less than 10% reduction in photocatalytic degradation rate of CC-20 composite photocatalyst, which confirms good stability and cyclability of the catalyst. Finally, through a series of characterization, the structure, composition, morphology, and photoresponse properties of the composite photocatalyst were investigated; at the same time, the mechanism and conversion path of CdS QDs/Ch photocatalyst were explored. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• 1D II-OV-CdO 0.5 S 0.5 is synthesized S2- ion exchange assisted inorganic imprinting technology. • The e- is gathered near the oxygen defects around the imprinted cavities. • Orientation photocatalytic ability is enhanced by confining TC to the imprinted cavities. • Degradation of CIP is inhibited under the premise of enhancing the degradation of TC. [Display omitted] The conventional means for selectively capturing and subsequently degrading specific organic pollutants entails the development of an inorganic imprinted photocatalytic material with visible light response, high activity, and high stability. Hence, the inorganic imprinted oxygen vacancy CdO 0.5 S 0.5 (II-OV-CdO 0.5 S 0.5) was prepared by S2- ion exchange assisted inorganic imprinting technology. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) and thermogravimetry analysis (TGA) were used to comprehensively prove that S element only permeated the surface of the material, and there were imprinted cavities and a few oxygen defects caused by inorganic imprinting. Photoelectrochemistry experiments and DFT theoretical calculation showed that the electrons gathered near the oxygen defects around the imprinted cavities (specific reaction sites), and the reactive center formed was more favorable to the specific adsorption of tetracycline (TC). Since TC was confined to the specific reaction sites enriched in electrons, the apparent rate constant of II-OV-CdO 0.5 S 0.5 (0.0220 min−1) was 2.18 times that of CdO 0.5 S 0.5 (0.0101 min−1) after TC photodegradation for 60 min under visible light. More importantly, although the space size of ciprofloxacin (CIP) was smaller than that of TC, because the imprinted cavities not only had a size effect, but also possessed the specific adsorption sites, there was no significant enhancement in the degradation of CIP. Therefore, II-OV-CdO 0.5 S 0.5 demonstrated excellent orientation photocatalytic ability for the target (TC), under the premise of improving the photodegradation of the target, II-OV-CdO 0.5 S 0.5 effectively inhibited the photodegradation of other reference pollutants. This work provides an exemplary method for the design of functionalized photocatalytic materials and the orientation removal of specific pollutants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Imprinted P25@IL nanoreactor prepared in aqueous-phase via stable interaction forces between IL and LEV exhibited excellent selectivity and photocatalytic ability. [Display omitted] • Imprinted P25@IL nanoreactor is obtained by aqueous-phase microwave polymerization strategy. • The strong interactions between IL and LEV overcome the interference of water molecules. • Type II heterojunction formed between IL and P25 improves the photocatalytic activity. • Imprinted cavity enhances the selective degradation ability. Common molecular imprinted photocatalysts are usually prepared in highly toxic organic solvent medium, which will be disturbed by water molecules and swelling differences when used for selective recognition in the aqueous phase. In this study, an ionic liquid (IL) was used as the functional monomer and functionalized P25@IL heterojunction molecular imprinted photocatalytic nanoreactor, referred to as imprinted P25@IL nanoreactor, were prepared via the aqueous-phase microwave polymerization strategy. Imidazole-based IL cations can provide π electron clouds, and side chains are easily functionalized and modified, resulting in strong interactions such as π-π and ion dipoles being formed between IL and levofloxacin hydrochloride (LEV), which can overcome the interference of water molecules and achieve better selective adsorption and degradation of LEV in aqueous medium. The selectivity coefficient of imprinted P25@IL nanoreactor relative to P25 and functionalized P25@IL heterojunction molecular non-imprinted photocatalyst (non-imprinted P25@IL photocatalyst) were 2.69 and 2.26, respectively. More importantly, with the formation of IL-P25 heterojunction and surface imprinted layer, the photocatalytic performance of imprinted P25@IL nanoreactor was 2.33 times higher than that of P25. Our findings offer a novel approach to the synthesis of water-soluble functional monomers and the aqueous-phase synthesis of molecular imprinted photocatalytic materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, CoCrFeNiAl x (x = 0.1, 0.5, 1) high-entropy alloys (HEAs) are prepared using vacuum arc melting. In order to improve the surface properties of CoCrFeNiAl x HEAs, their microstructure is manipulated by laser surface remelting (LSM). The microstructure, the mechanical properties, and the corrosion resistance of the HEAs before and after LSM are studied systematically. The microstructural analysis reveals that the LSM-samples contained either a single FCC phase (CoCrFeNiAl 0.1 and CoCrFeNiAl 0.5) or a mixture of BCC + B2 phases (CoCrFeNiAl 1) with refined grains. Moreover, BCC precipitates and a spherical nano-dispersed phase (B2) are detected in the surface layer of CoCrFeNiAl 0.5 and CoCrFeNiAl 1 , respectively. The mechanical properties of CoCrFeNiAl x alloys are found to be significantly enhanced after LSM, which is mainly ascribed to the generation of the BCC phase, dislocation reinforcement and grain-strengthening as well as precipitation hardening. The electrochemical measurements confirm that all samples (after LSM) have a positive potential and a lower current density in 3.5 wt% NaCl solution compared to the untreated sample. The results indicate that LSM can help homogenize the structure and improve the properties of CoCrFeNiAl x HEAs. [Display omitted] • LSM treatment was conducted on the surface of as-cast CoCrFeNiAlx (x = 0.1,0.5,1) HEAs and the grains of each component were refined obviously. • A 365.2–1200 μm thick remelted layer was formed. • After LSM, abundant dislocation structures appeared on the surface, and spherical nano dispersed B2 phase was found in Al 1. • Surface microhardness, wear and corrosion resistance were improved evidently. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ion imprinted CdS/HTNW photocatalytic membrane (IM-Cd/HT membrane) was prepared by assembling the oxidation type H 2 Ti n O 2n+1 ·xH 2 O nanowires (HTNW) and the reduction type ion imprinted CdS (IM-CdS) for the removal of Cr6+ and tetracycline. Due to the imprinted cavities, Cr6+ was preferentially adsorbed and trapped at specific reaction sites for reduction reactions under the interference of other ions, and the selective reduction coefficients reached 80.01-fold and 91.92-fold. More intriguingly, Cr6+ and tetracycline reacted on the IM-Cd/HT membrane in a heterotopic manner, Cr6+ migrated to IM-CdS for selective reduction, while tetracycline migrated to HTNW for synergistic oxidation, and there was no interference between the two reactions, thereby IM-Cd/HT membrane exhibited a good synergistic balanced removal effect for Cr6+ and tetracycline. Besides, the Cr6+ flux of IM-Cd/HT membrane reached about 2952 L m−2 h−1 bar−1, and the rejection rate of Cr6+ was 62.02%. This study provides a reference for the design of functional self-cleaning membrane with good synergistic photocatalytic ability. [Display omitted] • A novel heterotopic reaction IM-Cd/HT membrane is synthesized. • Selective reduction of Cr6+ and oxidation of TC at different reaction sites are achieved. • The heterotopic reaction strategy reduces the interference between different pollutants. • The ability of synergistic photocatalytic removal of Cr6+ and TC is enhanced. • IM-Cd/HT membrane has good stability, self-cleaning, flux and retention effect. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: To improve the photodegradation efficiency for ciprofloxacin (CIP), a new-type microwave-assisted in situ growth method is developed for the preparation of reduced graphene oxide (RGO) -BiVO4 composite photocatalysts. The as-produced RGO-BiVO4 composite photocatalysts show extremely high enhancement of CIP degradation ratio over the pure BiVO4 photocatalyst under visible light. Specially, the 2wt% RGO-BiVO4 composite photocatalyst exhibits the highest CIP degradation ratio (68.2%) in 60min, which is over 3 times than that (22.7%) of the pure BiVO4 particles. The enhancement of photocatalytic activities of RGO-BiVO4 photocatalysts can be attributed to the effective separation of electron–hole pairs rather than the improvement of light absorption. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Oxygen vacancy and template cavity riched TB-TiO 2 @MFA prepared by one-step pollutant template method exhibits excellent selective degradation ability to CIP under visible light irradiation. [Display omitted] • TB-TiO 2 @MFA is obtained by one-step pollutant template method. • One-step pollutant template method endows samples with oxygen vacancy and template cavity. • Template cavities are used to enhance the selectivity and the specific surface area. • Oxygen vacancies are formed to improve the visible light catalytic performance. • TB-TiO 2 @MFA has excellent selective degradation ability to CIP. Currently, the lack of visible light response, small specific surface area, and non-selectivity limit the development of TiO 2. In this paper, the black TiO 2 @MFA with template cavity (TB-TiO 2 @MFA) was synthesized by one-step pollutant template method. The one-step pollutant template method not only endowed the sample with a large number of oxygen vacancies, but also simultaneously endowed the sample with a wealth of template cavities. The existence of oxygen vacancy improved the electron transfer efficiency and visible light absorption ability, the existence of template cavity improved the contact of TB-TiO 2 @MFA with ciprofloxacin (Template pollutant). Hence the existence of oxygen vacancy and template cavity together led to the improvement of the photocatalytic performance of TB-TiO 2 @MFA. The degradation rate of TB-TiO 2 @MFA to ciprofloxacin is 11.5 times that of TiO 2. More importantly, the template cavity endowed the sample with excellent selective degradation ability, the selectivity coefficient of TB-TiO 2 @MFA to TiO 2 @MFA was 2.44, and the selectivity coefficient of TB-TiO 2 to TiO 2 was 2.76. This work had certain reference significance for designing specific functional photocatalytic materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The fatigue damage mechanical behaviours of rock joints under pre-peak cyclic shear loading are one of the key factors affecting the dynamic stability of slopes. In this study, the macro-meso fatigue damage mechanism of rock joints with multiscale asperities, when considerthe influence of the normal stress, shear rate, shear amplitude, first-order asperity angle, number of shear cycles and joint morphology, were investigated using experimental and numerical approaches under a constant normal load (CNL). The laboratory pre-peak cyclic shear experiments on the saw-tooth rock joints with different first-order asperity angles, i.e., 30°, 45° and 60°, and the same second-order asperity angle of 45°, were first conducted under different influence factors mentioned above. Six evolution stages of the shear stress with the shear displacement, i.e., initial nonlinear shear contraction deformation, approximate linear elastic shear dilation deformation, cyclic fatigue damage deformation, plastic deformation of the local compression-shear fracture, full plastic deformation of the stress brittle drop and ideal plastic flow deformation, were obtained. Additionally, the variation rules of the influence factors mentioned above with the peak (and residual) shear strengths and the cumulative shear (and normal) displacements were explored. Subsequently, the PFC2D discrete element method was used for the meso numerical simulations, in which the meso fatigue damage evolution processes of the saw-tooth and wavy rock joints were simulated considering more number of shear cycles. Meanwhile, the change rules of the meso fatigue damage crack number (and energy) with the shear displacement (and the number of cycles), and the distribution characteristics of the meso fatigue damage particles were observed. Based on the good agreement between the macro experimental results and the meso numerical observations, the macro-meso fatigue damage failure modes of rock joints can be generally summarized as three basic types, i.e., compacting – climbing failure mode, climbing – cyclic abrading – extruding – gnawing failure mode and gnawing – sliding failure mode. • The macro-meso fatigue damage of saw-tooth rock joints with multiscale asperities under pre-peak cyclic shear is studied. • The shear deformation and strength characteristics are obtained. • The impact of normal stress, shear rate (amplitude), first-order asperity angle and cycle number on fatigue damage is probed. • The variation rules of meso fatigue damage crack number and energy are revealed. • The macro-meso fatigue damage evolution process and typical failure modes are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recyclable flower-like MoS 2 @Fe 3 O 4 @Cu 2 O like-Z-scheme heterojunction based on magnetic assembly method exhibits efficient visible light catalytic ability. [Display omitted] • Flower-like MoS 2 @Fe 3 O 4 @Cu 2 O is obtained by magnetic self-assembly method. • The assembly of 2D into 3D structure is promoted by the mutual attraction between Fe 3 O 4. • The growth of Cu 2 O nanoparticles is limited by the flower-like structure. • Like-Z-scheme heterojunction is formed to improve the photocatalytic performance. In this work, the recyclable flower-like MoS 2 @Fe 3 O 4 @Cu 2 O like-Z-scheme heterojunction (MFC) was synthesized by magnetic assembly method, which not only exhibited excellent magnetic separation performance, but also possessed efficient visible light catalytic ability. Interestingly, the existence of Fe 3 O 4 not only endowed the material good recyclability, but also promoted the formation of like-Z-scheme heterojunction and improved the charge separation efficiency. More importantly, the assembly of MoS 2 (M) nanosheets into the flower-like structure was promoted by the mutual magnetic attraction between Fe 3 O 4 nanoparticles, and the growth of Cu 2 O nanoparticles was limited by the flower-like structure. Based on the improvement of charge separation efficiency and the formation of like-Z-scheme heterojunction, the photocatalytic efficiency of MFC was 3.5, 1.75 and 2.5 times that of MoS 2 (M), MoS 2 @Fe 3 O 4 (MF) and MoS 2 @Cu 2 O (MC), respectively. This work provided a new method for the assembly and design of highly active composite materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The magnetic controllable imprinted photocatalyst fabricated by photoinduced surface imprinted technique exhibits good controllable and selective degradation ability. • MCIP with good recyclability is obtained by photoinduced surface imprinted technique. • MCIP has good controllable degradation ability due to the existence of PNIPAM. • MCIP exhibits good selectivity to ciprofloxacin due to the existence of imprinted cavity. In this article, magnetic controllable imprinted photocatalyst (MCIP) was fabricated by photoinduced surface imprinted technique. The degradation rate of ciprofloxacin by MCIP at 20 °C (70.85 %) was higher than that at 40 °C (55.06 %), compared with other materials, MCIP exhibited good controllable degradation ability due to the state of expansion or contraction at different temperatures. Moreover, when the temperature was 20 °C (or 40 °C), the coefficient of selectivity of MCIP to magnetic controllable non-imprinted photocatalyst (MCNIP) was 2.40 (or 2.80) in the single solution, and the coefficient of competitiveness of MCIP to MCNIP was 1.40 (or 1.37) in the mixed solution, above results indicated that MCIP exhibited good selective degradation ability. This work made the functional application of photocatalyst have a better prospect. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• The nanoreactor is obtained by the microwave-assisted surface imprinting technique. • Heterojunction formed between PEDOT and CdS improves the photocatalytic activity. • Fe 3 O 4 transfers photogenerated e- and further enhances the photocatalytic activity. • Imprinted cavity specifically adsorbs DM and improves the selectivity of nanoreactor. • PEDOT imprinted layer inhibites CdS photocorrosion and its secondary pollution. Magnetic imprinted PEDOT/CdS heterojunction photocatalytic nanoreactors are synergistically synthesized by the microwave-assisted surface imprinting technique. The coating of the PEDOT imprinted layer is conducive to the three-dimensional (3D) specific recognition and selective photocatalysis of danofloxacin mesylate due to the formation of imprinted cavities. The representative specific degradation selectivity coefficient of the developed nanoreactor relative to CdS/Fe 3 O 4 /HNT and magnetic non-imprinted PEDOT/CdS heterojunction is 2.08 and 2.11, respectively, clearly elaborating the excellent selectivity. The introduction of Fe 3 O 4 into PEDOT/CdS heterojunction enhances the transfer of photoexcited electrons, thereby, the photocatalytic activity has been significantly boosted up to ∼84.84 %. Meanwhile, the existence of PEDOT imprinted layer not only extracts the photoinduced holes produced by CdS, but also encapsulates CdS, which effectively inhibits the CdS photocorrosion and hinders its secondary pollution. With the improved selectivity and photocatalytic activity, our work paves the way to efficiently remove the target pollutant aiming at the practical application requirements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In view of the few reports of the near-infrared emissive probe for fluorine ions, we herein designed and synthesized a new easy-to-get colorimetric and near-infrared emissive fluorescent probe (IS-NR-F) with a large Stokes shift (>127 nm). Based on specific F− triggered desilylation reaction induced enhanced ICT strategy involving the donor phenolate anion and the acceptor malononitrile, the probe exhibited dual colorimetric and fluorescent turn-on responses, and provided excellent selectivity for fluoride ions. The fluorescent response at 665 nm displayed very good linear relationship in the wide concentration range and deduced a low detection limit of 0.09 ppm. The detection mechanism was confirmed by 1H NMR, ESI-MS, and TLC calculation. Moreover, probe IS-NR-F has been successfully employed to detect F− in tap water, toothpaste samples, and fluorescent imaging of F− in HeLa cells. Image 1 • A new dicyanoisophorone derived near-infrared fluorescent probe was synthesized with a large Stokes shift (127 nm). • The probe performed an excellent selectivity for F− by naked eyes. • The probe exhibited a wide detection range with a good linear relationship for F−. • The probe was applied to detect F− in toothpaste samples and imaging in living cells. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Reinforcing separation of charge carriers and increasing electron density played a leading role in improving photocatalytic performance. In this work, incorporating homojunction and heterojunction in quantum dots (QDs) self-modified Bi 2 MoO 6 /Bi 4 Ti 3 O 12 (BMO(Q)/BTO) composites had been rationally designed, and a newfangled photocatalyst had been acquired which could realize the fine manipulation of charge carriers flow direction. Among multitudinous samples, the 15-BMO(Q)/BTO composite exhibited the optimal photocatalytic properties and pervasive applicability for removing the various pollutants (dye, mercaptan and heavy metal) under visible light. We utilized the three-dimensional excitation-emission matrix fluorescence spectroscopy (3D EEMs) to fully grasp the degradation behaviors of RhB. The encouraging increase in photocatalytic activity was mainly attributed to the unified transfer of electrons generated by BMO QDs and BTO to the conduction band of BMO, which effectively increased charge carrier lifetime and improved the conduction band electron density. Furthermore, the photocatalytic degradation mechanism over 15-BMO(Q)/BTO composite was systematically investigated by the calculation, trapping experimental and ESR. The ·OH undertook the active constituent in the process of degradation pollutants. The result suggested that the construction of homojunction/heterojunction photocatalysts to enhance electrons density was a reliable design idea. Unlabelled Image • The QDs self-modified Bi 2 MoO 6 /Bi 4 Ti 3 O 12 photocatalyst was successfully prepared. • The 15-BMO(Q)/BTO possessed the highest photocatalytic performance for degrading pollutants. • Improved photocatalytic activity was due to effective control of electronic unidirectional flow and carrier separation. • Photo-degradation pollutants mechanism of the 15-BMO(Q)/BTO composite was discussed and elucidated in detail. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

miR-135 is a highly conserved miRNA in mammals and includes miR-135a and miR-135b. Recent studies have shown that miR-135b is a key regulatory factor in cardio-cerebrovascular diseases. It is involved in regulating the pathological process of myocardial infarction, myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury, cardiac hypertrophy, atrial fibrillation, diabetic cardiomyopathy, atherosclerosis, pulmonary hypertension, cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury, Parkinson's disease, and Alzheimer's disease. Obviously, miR-135b is an emerging player in cardio-cerebrovascular diseases and is expected to be an important target for the treatment of cardio-cerebrovascular diseases. However, the crucial role of miR-135b in cardio-cerebrovascular diseases and its underlying mechanism of action has not been reviewed. Therefore, in this review, we aimed to comprehensively summarize the role of miR-135b and the signaling pathway mediated by miR-135b in cardio-cerebrovascular diseases. Drugs targeting miR-135b for the treatment of diseases and related patents, highlighting the importance of this target and its utility as a therapeutic target for cardio-cerebrovascular diseases, have been discussed., Competing Interests: The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest., (© 2024 The Authors.)

Heavy metals (HMs) pollution is a globally emerging concern. It is difficult to cost-effectively combat such HMs polluted soil environments. The efficient remediation of HMs polluted soil is crucial to protect human health and ecological security that could be carried out by several methods. Amidst, biological remediation is the most affordable and ecological. This review focused on the principles, mechanisms, performances, and influential factors in bioremediation of HMs polluted soil. In microbial remediation, microbes can alter metallic compounds in soils. They transform these compounds into their metabolism through biosorption and bioprecipitation. The secreted microbial enzymes act as transformers and assist in HMs immobilization. The synergistic microbial effect can further improve HMs removal. In bioleaching, the microbial activity can simultaneously produce H 2 SO 4 or organic acids and leach HMs. The production of acids and the metabolism of bacteria and fungi transform metallic compounds to soluble and extractable form. The key bioleaching mechanisms are acidolysis, complexolysis, redoxolysis and bioaccumulation. In phytoremediation, hyperaccumulator plants and their rhizospheric microbes absorb HMs by roots through absorption, cation exchange, filtration, and chemical changes. Then they exert different detoxification mechanisms. The detoxified HMs are then transferred and accumulated in their harvestable tissues. Plant growth-promoting bacteria can promote phytoremediation efficiency; however, use of chelants have adverse effects. There are some other biological methods for the remediation of HMs polluted soil environment that are not extensively practiced. Finally, the findings of this review will assist the practitioners and researchers to select the appropriate bioremediation approach for a specific soil environment., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest There is no conflict of interest in terms of authorship or financial support, all relevant information are stated in acknowledgement., (Copyright © 2024 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Macrophages consist of a heterogeneous population of functionally distinct cells that participate in many physiological and pathological processes. They exhibit prominent plasticity by changing their different functional phenotypes represented by proinflammatory (M1) and anti-inflammatory (M2) in response to different environmental stimuli. Emerging evidence illustrates the importance of intracellular metabolic pathways in macrophage polarizations and functions. In the tumor microenvironment (TME), macrophages tend to M2 polarization, which promotes tumor growth and leads to adverse physiological effects. Due to the lack of highly specific antigens in M1 and M2 macrophages, significant challenges present in isolating these subtypes from clinical samples or in vitro coculture models of tumor-immune cells. In reverse, the single-cell technique provides the possibility to investigate the factors influencing macrophage polarization in the TME. In this research, we employed inertial microfluidic chip-mass spectrometry (IMC-MS) to conduct single-cell metabolomics analysis of macrophages polarized into the two major phenotypes, respectively, and 213 metabolites were identified in total. Subsequently, differential metabolites between macrophage phenotypes were analyzed using volcano plots and binary logistic regression models. Glutamine was pinpointed as a key metabolite for the M1 and M2 phenotypes. Experimental results from both monoculture and coculture cell models demonstrated that M1 polarization is more reliant on the presence of glutamine in the culture environment than M2 polarization. Glutamine deficiency resulted in failed M1 polarization, while its absence had a less pronounced effect on M2 polarization. Replenishing an appropriate amount of glutamine during the intermediate stages of coculture models significantly enhanced the proportion of M1 polarization and suppressed the growth of tumor cells. This research elucidated glutamine as a key factor influencing macrophage polarization in the TME via single-cell metabolomics based on IMC-MS, offering promising insights and targets for tumor therapies.

Human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 (HER2) is overexpressed in various solid tumor types, acting as an established therapeutic target. Over the last three decades, the fast-paced development of diverse HER2-targeted agents, notably marked by the introduction of the antibody-drug conjugate (ADC), yielding substantial improvements in survival rates. However, resistance to anti-HER2 treatments continues to pose formidable challenges. The complex structure and dynamic dimerization properties of HER2 create significant hurdles in the development of novel targeted therapeutics. In this review, we synthesize the latest insights into the structural intricacies of HER2 and present an unprecedented overview of the epitope characteristics of HER2-targeted antibodies and their derivatives. Furthermore, we delve into the correlation between anti-HER2 antibody binding epitopes and their respective functions, with a particular focus on their efficacy against resistant tumors. In addition, we highlight the potential of emerging anti-HER2 agents that target specific sites or non-overlapping epitopes, poised to transform the therapeutic landscape for HER2-positive tumors in the foreseeable future., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

The photoconversion of CO2 into valuable chemical products using solar energy is a promising strategy to address both energy and environmental challenges. However, the strongly adsorbed CO2 frequently impedes the seamless advancement of the subsequent reaction by significantly increasing the reaction activation energy. Here, we present a BiFeO3 material with lattice strain that collaboratively regulates the d/p-2π* orbitals hybridization between metal sites and *CO2 as well as *COOH intermediates to achieve rapid conversion of solidly adsorbed CO2 to critical *COOH intermediates, accelerating the overall CO2 reduction kinetics. Quasi in-situ X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and in-situ Fourier Transform infrared spectroscopy combined with theoretical calculation reveals that the optimized Fe sites enhance the adsorption and activation effect of CO2, and continuous internal electrons are rapidly transferred to the reaction sites and injected into the surface *CO2 and *COOH under the condition of illumination, which promotes the rapid formation and stability of *COOH. Certainly, the performance of CO2 photoreduction to CO is improved by 12.81-fold compared with the base material. This work offers a new perspective for the rapid photoreduction process of strongly adsorbed CO2., (© 2024 Wiley‐VCH GmbH.)

Urban lakes commonly suffer from nutrient over-enrichment, resulting in water quality deterioration and eutrophication. Constructed wetlands are widely employed for ecological restoration in such lakes but their efficacy in water purification noticeably fluctuates with the seasons. This study takes the constructed wetland of Jinshan Lake as an example. By analyzing the water quality parameters at three depths during both summer and winter, this study explores the influence of the constructed wetland on the water quality of each layer during different seasons and elucidates the potential mechanisms underlying these seasonal effects. The results indicate that the constructed wetland significantly enhances total nitrogen (TN) concentration during summer and exhibits the capacity for nitrate-nitrogen removal in winter. However, its efficacy in removing total phosphorus (TP) is limited, and may even serve as a potential phosphorus (P) source for the lake during winter. Water quality test results of different samples indicated they belong to Class III or IV. Restrictive factors varied across seasons: nitrate-nitrogen and BOD 5 jointly affected water quality in winter, whereas TP predominantly constrained water quality in summer. These results could provide a reference for water quality monitoring and management strategies of constructed wetlands in different seasons in Jiangsu Province.

Background: The combined use of CDK4/6 inhibitors and mTOR inhibitors has achieved some clinical success in ccRCC. Exploring the underlying mechanism of the CDK4/6 pathway in cancer cells and the drug interactions of CDK4/6 inhibitors in combination therapy could help identify new therapeutic strategies for ccRCC. Notably, CDK4/6 inhibitors inactivate the mTOR pathway by increasing the protein levels of TSC1, but the mechanism by which CDK4/6 inhibitors regulate TSC1 is still unclear., Methods: Mass spectrometry analysis, coimmunoprecipitation analysis, GST pull-down assays, immunofluorescence assays, Western blot analysis and RT‒qPCR analysis were applied to explore the relationships among CDK4, RNF26 and TSC1. Transwell assays, tube formation assays, CCK-8 assays, colony formation assays and xenograft assays were performed to examine the biological role of RNF26 in renal cancer cells.TCGA-KIRC dataset analysis and RT‒qPCR analysis were used to examine the pathways affected by RNF26 silencing., Results: CDK4/6 inhibitors stabilized TSC1 in cancer cells. We showed that CDK4 enhances the interaction between TSC1 and RNF26 and that RNF26 activates the mTOR signaling pathway in ccRCC, contributes to ccRCC progression and angiogenesis, and promotes tumorigenesis. We then found that RNF26 functions as an E3 ligase of TSC1 to regulate CDK4-induced TSC1. This finding suggested that RNF26 promotes ccRCC progression and angiogenesis to some extent by negatively regulating TSC1., Conclusion: Our results revealed a novel CDK4/RNF26/TSC1 axis that regulates the anticancer efficacy of CDK4/6 inhibitors and mTOR inhibitors in ccRCC., (© 2024. The Author(s).)

Trophoblast cell surface antigen 2 (Trop2) is overexpressed in a range of solid tumors and participants in multiple oncogenic signaling pathways, making it an attractive therapeutic target. In the past decade, the rapid development of various Trop2-targeted therapies, notably marked by the advent of the antibody-drug conjugate (ADC), revolutionized the outcome for patients facing Trop2-positive tumors with limited treatment opinions, such as triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). This review provides a comprehensive summary of advances in Trop2-targeted therapies, including ADCs, antibodies, multispecific agents, immunotherapy, cancer vaccines, and small molecular inhibitors, along with in-depth discussions on their designs, mechanisms of action (MOAs), and limitations. Additionally, we emphasize the clinical research progress of these emerging Trop2-targeted agents, focusing on their clinical application and therapeutic efficacy against tumors. Furthermore, we propose directions for future research, such as enhancing our understanding of Trop2's structure and biology, exploring the best combination strategies, and tailoring precision treatment based on Trop2 testing methodologies., Competing Interests: Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interest exists., (© The author(s).)

The primary drivers of eutrophication in lakes following the reduction of external nutrient inputs are the release of N and P from sediments. Constructed wetlands play a pivotal role in ameliorating N, P, and other biogenic element levels. However, the presence of large vegetation in these wetlands also substantially contributes to nutrient accumulation in sediments, a phenomenon influenced by seasonal variations. In this study, a typical constructed wetland was selected as the research site. The research aimed to analyze the forms of N and P in sediments during both summer and winter. Simultaneously, a comprehensive pollution assessment and analysis were conducted within the study area. The findings indicate that elevated summer temperatures, together with the presence of wetland vegetation, promote the release of N through the nitrification process. Additionally, seasonal variations exert a significant impact on the distribution of P storage. Furthermore, the role of constructed wetlands in the absorption and release of N and P is primarily controlled by the influence of organic matter on nitrate-nitrogen, nitrite-nitrogen, and available phosphorus, and is also subject to seasonal fluctuations. In summary, under the comprehensive influence of constructed wetlands, vegetation types, and seasons, sediments within the lake generally exhibit a state of mild or moderate pollution. Therefore, targeted measures should be adopted to optimally adjust vegetation types, and human intervention is necessary, involving timely sediment harvesting during the summer to reduce N and P loads, and enhancing sediment adsorption and retention capacity for N and P during the winter., (© 2024 The Authors. Journal of Environmental Quality © 2024 American Society of Agronomy, Crop Science Society of America, and Soil Science Society of America.)

RB transcriptional corepressor 1 (RB) deletion is the most important genomic factor associated with the prognosis of castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) patients receiving androgen receptor (AR) signaling inhibitor therapy. Loss of RB could support prostate cancer cell growth in a hormone-independent manner, but the underlying mechanism by which RB regulates tumor progression extends far beyond the cell cycle pathway. A previous study indicated that RB inactivates AKT signaling but has no effect on mTOR signaling in cancer cells. Here, we found that the S249/T252 site in RB is key to regulating the transcriptional activity of the tumor-promoting factor TRIM24 in CRPC, as identified through FXXXV mapping. The RB/TRIM24 complex functions through DUSP2, which serves as an intermediate bridge, to activate the mTOR pathway and promote prostate cancer progression. Accordingly, we designed RB-linker-proteolysis-targeting chimera (PROTAC) molecules, which decreased TRIM24 protein levels and inactivated the mTOR signaling pathway, thereby inhibiting prostate cancer. Therefore, this study not only elucidates the novel function of RB but also provides a theoretical basis for the development of new drugs for treating prostate cancer., (© 2024. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to ADMC Associazione Differenziamento e Morte Cellulare.)

The development of skin substitutes aims to replace, mimic, or improve the functions of human skin, regenerate damaged skin tissue, and replace or enhance skin function. This includes artificial skin, scaffolds or devices designed for treatment, imitation, or improvement of skin function in wounds and injuries. Therefore, tremendous efforts have been made to develop functional skin substitutes. However, there is still few reports systematically discuss the relationship between the advanced function and design requirements. In this paper, we review the classification, functions, and design requirements of artificial skin or skin substitutes. Different manufacturing strategies for skin substitutes such as hydrogels, 3D/4D printing, electrospinning, microfluidics are summarized. This review also introduces currently available skin substitutes in clinical trials and on the market and the related regulatory requirements. Finally, the prospects and challenges of skin substitutes in the field of tissue engineering are discussed., Competing Interests: The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (© 2023 The Authors.)

Trophoblast cell surface antigen 2 (Trop2) exhibits limited expression in normal tissues but is over-expressed across various solid tumors. The effectiveness of anti-Trop2 antibody-drug conjugate (ADC) in managing breast cancer validates Trop2 as a promising therapeutic target for cancer treatment. However, excessive toxicity and a low response rate of ADCs pose ongoing challenges. Safer and more effective strategies should be developed for Trop2-positive cancers. The dynamic structural attributes and the oligomeric assembly of Trop2 present formidable obstacles to the progression of innovative targeted therapeutics. In this review, we summarize recent advancements in understanding Trop2's structure and provide an overview of the epitope characteristics of Trop2-targeted agents. Furthermore, we discuss the correlation between anti-Trop2 agents' epitopes and their respective functions, particularly emphasizing their efficacy and specificity in targeted therapies., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2023 Liu, Li, Deng, Zhao, Zhao, Zhang, Jiang, Liang, Xing and Wang.)

Despite the emergence of molecular targeted therapy and immune checkpoint inhibitors as standard first-line treatments for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), their efficacy in some patients is limited by intrinsic and acquired resistance. Antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs), a revolutionary class of antitumor drugs, have displayed promising clinical outcomes in cancer treatment. In 2022, trastuzumab deruxtecan (Enhertu) was approved for treating HER2-mutated NSCLC, thereby underscoring the clinical value of ADCs in NSCLC treatment strategies. An increasing number of ADCs, focusing on NSCLC, are undergoing clinical trials, potentially positioning them as future treatment options. In this review, we encapsulate recent advancements in the clinical research of novel ADCs for treating NSCLC. Subsequently, we discuss the mechanisms of action, clinical efficacy, and associated limitations of these ADCs., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2023 Liu, Deng, Zhang, Xing, Wu, Chen, Liang, Xing, Xu and Zhang.)

Growth differentiation factor 11 (GDF11) is one of the important factors in the pathophysiological process of animals. It is widely expressed in many tissues and organs of animals, showing its wide biological activity and potential application value. Previous research has demonstrated that GDF11 has a therapeutic effect on various diseases, such as anti-myocardial aging and anti-tumor. This has not only sparked intense interest and enthusiasm among academics but also spurred some for-profit businesses to attempt to develop GDF11 as a medication for regenerative medicine or anti-aging application. Currently, Sotatercept, a GDF11 antibody drug, is in the marketing application stage, and HS-235 and rGDF11 are in the preclinical research stage. Therefore, we believe that figuring out which cells GDF11 acts on and its current problems should be an important issue in the scientific and commercial communities. Only through extensive, comprehensive research and discussion can we better understand the role and potential of GDF11, while avoiding unnecessary risks and misinformation. In this review, we aimed to summarize the role of GDF11 in different cells and its current controversies and challenges, providing an important reference for us to deeply understand the function of GDF11 and formulate more effective treatment strategies in the future., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2023 Shao, Liu, Wen, Zhang, Liu and Xing.)

Human epithelial growth factor receptor-2 (HER2) plays an oncogenic role in numerous tumors, including breast, gastric, and various other solid tumors. While anti-HER2 therapies are approved for the treatment of HER2-positive tumors, a necessity persists for creating novel HER2-targeted agents to resolve therapeutic resistance. Utilizing a synthetic nanobody library and affinity maturation, our study identified four anti-HER2 nanobodies that exhibited high affinity and specificity. These nanobodies recognized three distinct epitopes of HER2-ECD. Additionally, we constructed VHH-Fc and discovered that they facilitated superior internalization and showed moderate growth inhibition. Compared to the combination of trastuzumab and pertuzumab, the VHH-Fc combos or their combination with trastuzumab demonstrated greater or comparable antitumor activity in both ligand-independent and ligand-driven tumors. Most remarkably, A9B5-Fc, which targeted domain I of HER2-ECD, displayed significantly enhanced trastuzumab-synergistic antitumor efficacy compared to pertuzumab under trastuzumab-resistant conditions. Our findings offer anti-HER2 nanobodies with high affinity and non-overlapping epitope recognition. The novel nanobody-based HER2-targeted antibody, A9B5-Fc, binding to HER2-ECD I, mediates promising receptor internalization. It possesses the potential to serve as a potent synergistic partner with trastuzumab, contributing to overcoming acquired resistance., Competing Interests: XLL is a visiting scholar of Noventi Biopharmaceuticals Co., Ltd. LL, DJ, BC, and HH are employed by Noventi Biopharmaceuticals Co., Ltd. XL is employed by Bioworkshops Suzhou Limited. The remaining authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2023 Liu, Luan, Liu, Jiang, Deng, Xu, Yuan, Xing, Chen, Xing and Huang.)

Electrospinning as a versatile, simple, and cost-effective method to engineer a variety of micro or nanofibrous materials, has contributed to significant developments in the biomedical field. However, the traditional electrospinning of single material only can produce homogeneous fibrous assemblies with limited functional properties, which oftentimes fails to meet the ever-increasing requirements of biomedical applications. Thus, multi-material electrospinning referring to engineering two or more kinds of materials, has been recently developed to enable the fabrication of diversified complex fibrous structures with advanced performance for greatly promoting biomedical development. This review firstly gives an overview of multi-material electrospinning modalities, with a highlight on their features and accessibility for constructing different complex fibrous structures. A perspective of how multi-material electrospinning opens up new opportunities for specific biomedical applications, i.e., tissue engineering and drug delivery, is also offered., Competing Interests: The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (© 2023 The Authors.)

Objective: To analyze the diagnostic values of CT and MRI for cervical cancer., Method: The clinical data of 83 patients with cervical cancer and 16 patients with cervicitis admitted to Zhejiang Putuo Hospital from January 2017 to December 2021 were retrospectively analyzed. Among them, 18 patients receiving CT examination were categorized as the CT group, and the remaining 81 patients with MRI examination were the MRI group. In total, 83 patients were finally diagnosed with cervical cancer through pathologic examination. The diagnostic values of CT and MRI for cervical cancer staging and pathologic features were analyzed., Results: Compared to CT, the sensitivity and accuracy of MRI in diagnosing cervical cancer were higher (P<0.05), as was its detection rate in the diagnosis of stage I and II (P<0.05), but the difference in the detection rate of stage III was not statistically significant. In addition, among the 83 cases of cervical cancer, it was confirmed by surgical and pathological examination that 41 cases experienced parametrial invasion, 65 had interstitial invasion, and 39 had lymph node metastasis. The detection rate of MRI in the diagnosis of interstitial and parametrial invasion was also markedly higher than that of CT (P<0.05), but the difference in the lymph node metastasis detection was not significant., Conclusion: MRI can clearly display the structure of various layers of the cervix and its lesions. It is more accurate in clinical diagnosis, staging, and evaluation of pathologic features of cervical cancer compared to CT, and is available on a more reliable basis for diagnosis and treatment., Competing Interests: None., (AJTR Copyright © 2023.)

Heterostructures have been extensively investigated for optoelectronic devices owing to their fantastic physicochemical properties. Herein, a mixed-dimensional van der Waals heterostructure (vdWH) CeO 2 @Bi, 1D ceria (CeO 2 ) loaded with 0D bismuth quantum dots (Bi QDs), is synthesized through a facile hydrothermal bottom-up method. It is found that the fabricated CeO 2 @Bi-based photoelectrochemical (PEC)-type photodetector (PD) shows self-powered photodetection capability with a fast photoresponse speed of 0.02 s. Besides, a photocurrent of 2.00 μA cm -2 and a photoresponsivity of 888.89 μA W -1 under 365 nm illumination are obtained. Furthermore, good long-term cycle stability is also observed after 1 month in a harsh environment, indicating the great potential for practical applications. These results are further supported by density functional theory (DFT) calculations. We believe that the presented work is expected to provide a new pathway for the future utilization of vdWHs for high-performance optoelectronics.

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the deadliest malignancies in the world. There is a lack of effective treatment. Previous studies have shown that myocyte enhancer factor 2D (MEF2D) promotes the progression of HCC. Underlying mechanisms have not been fully elucidated. In this study, we reported experimental results obtained using double luciferase. Our results showed that AMOTL2, a negative regulator of Hippo/YAP signaling, and the MEF2 cis-acting element in the upstream region of its promoter bind to MEF2D, inhibiting its transcriptional expression. Studies confirmed that MEF2D affected the protein expression level of AMOTL2 and the YAP signaling activation. It promoted the migration and proliferation of hepatoma cells. We found that luteolin, a natural flavonoid, has anti-tumor activity in HCC cells by affecting YAP signaling transduction. In conclusion, we demonstrated that AMOTL2/YAP signaling is associated with MEF2D-related HCC progression. Luteolin is a promising anti-HCC compound for regulating this signaling., Competing Interests: None., (IJCEP Copyright © 2022.)

Lower level of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) is paradoxically associated with increased mortality in ST elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) patients. The underlying mechanism remains unclear. In a cohort of 220 de novo STEMI patients receiving timely primary percutaneous coronary intervention, admission LDL-C was negatively associated with circulating CD14++CD16+ monocyte counts. Moreover, admission LDL-C < 85 mg/dL was associated with increased risk for major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) during a median follow-up of 2.7 years. After categorizing the patients according to the cutoff values of 85 mg/dL for LDL-C and the median for CD14++CD16+ monocytes, low LDL-C-associated MACE risk was only observed in those with high CD14++CD16+ monocyte counts (low LDL-C/high CD14++CD16+ monocytes vs. low LDL-C/low CD14++CD16+ monocytes: hazard ratio 5.38, 95% confidence interval 1.52 to 19.06, P = 0.009). This work provided the proof-of-principle evidence indicating a role of CD14++CD16+ monocytes in risk stratification of STEMI patients presenting with low LDL-C level. Graphical abstract.

The capsid of human papillomavirus (HPV) spontaneously arranges into a T = 7 icosahedral particle with 72 L1 pentameric capsomeres associating via disulfide bonds between Cys175 and Cys428. Here, we design a capsomere-hybrid virus-like particle (chVLP) to accommodate multiple types of L1 pentamers by the reciprocal assembly of single C175A and C428A L1 mutants, either of which alone encumbers L1 pentamer particle self-assembly. We show that co-assembly between any pair of C175A and C428A mutants across at least nine HPV genotypes occurs at a preferred equal molar stoichiometry, irrespective of the type or number of L1 sequences. A nine-valent chVLP vaccine-formed through the structural clustering of HPV epitopes-confers neutralization titers that are comparable with that of Gardasil 9 and elicits minor cross-neutralizing antibodies against some heterologous HPV types. These findings may pave the way for a new vaccine design that targets multiple pathogenic variants or cancer cells bearing diverse neoantigens.

In adaptive immunity, organisms produce neutralizing antibodies (nAbs) to eliminate invading pathogens. Here, we explored whether viral neutralization could be attained through the physical disruption of a virus upon nAb binding. We report the neutralization mechanism of a potent nAb 8C11 against the hepatitis E virus (HEV), a nonenveloped positive-sense single-stranded RNA virus associated with abundant acute hepatitis. The 8C11 binding flanks the protrusion spike of the HEV viruslike particles (VLPs) and leads to tremendous physical collision between the antibody and the capsid, dissociating the VLPs into homodimer species within 2 h. Cryo-electron microscopy reconstruction of the dissociation intermediates at an earlier (15-min) stage revealed smeared protrusion spikes and a loss of icosahedral symmetry with the capsid core remaining unchanged. This structural disruption leads to the presence of only a few native HEV virions in the ultracentrifugation pellet and exposes the viral genome. Conceptually, we propose a strategy to raise collision-inducing nAbs against single spike moieties that feature in the context of the entire pathogen at positions where the neighboring space cannot afford to accommodate an antibody. This rationale may facilitate unique vaccine development and antimicrobial antibody design.

Inspired by the biomimetic membrane modification technique of polydopamine (pDA), SiO2/pDA-based nanocomposite-imprinted membranes (SpIMs) with high selectivity and stability have been successfully synthesized. Herein, tetracycline (TC) was used as a template molecule and instead of constructing imprinted polymers onto pristine membrane surfaces, a versatile pDA-modified strategy was initially conducted on the membrane surfaces followed by the reformative sol-gel imprinting technique. Moreover, largely enhanced TC-rebinding capacity (45.95 mg g-1), permselectivity of TC (separation factors more than 11.5) and structural stability (maintained 93% of the maximum adsorption capacity after 11 cycling operations) could be easily achieved because of the construction of membrane-based multilevel nanocomposite surfaces. These results strongly illustrated that the incorporation of pDA-based sol-gel imprinted polymers into molecularly imprinted membranes could result in both high rebinding capacity and excellent permselectivity. All synthesis processes were carried out at low temperatures and ordinary pressures, which is energy-efficient and environmentally friendly for large-scale applications.

The goals of this study were to establish a scalable production method to prepare human papillomavirus(HPV)16pseudovirus (PsV) using suspension-adapted HEK-293 FT cells and to improve the purification efficiency of HPV PsV. Furthermore, we aimed to solve the cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) structure of HPV16 PsV. The suspension f HEK-293 FT cells were generated from adherent cells by a stepwise decrease in serum content and the addition of an anti-clumping agent during culturing. The resultant HEK-293 FT suspension cells were transfected with an L1/L2 expression vector and pN31-EGFP plasmid to generate HPV16 PsV in the Wave Bioreactor. Following cell lysis,HPV16 PsV was purified by sucrose density gradient and subsequent CsCl iso-density gradient ultra-centrifugation The final titer of HPV16 PsV was 8.2 × 10(5) TCID(50)/μL. Purified HPV16 PsV was comfirmed to as contain L1 and L2protein by western blotting, and the L1 concentration was determined to be 156.0 μg/mL by quantitative ELISA. Finally, a FEI Tecnai G2F30 electron microscope and AUTO3 DEM were used to solve the cryoEM structure of HPV16 PsV at a resolution of 14 Å.The structure shows that HPV16 PsV exists as a T=7dicosahedral lattice, with a diameter of 600 Å. These results will be beneficial for neutralization assays and for anti-sera for HPV vaccines, the high-resolution structure determination of HPV16 PsV, and the investigation of interactions between HPV L1 and L2.

Purpose: To delve into the anti-aging effects and mechanism of Niubanggen (Radix Arctii Lappae)., Method: The activity of SOD and the content of MDA and lipofuscin in the tissues of the liver, brain and blood serum of the lab rats were observed 30 days after they had been fed with the Niubanggen decoction., Result: The activity of SOD in the liver tissue and blood serum of the decoction-fed lab rats was improved dramatically (P<0.05 or P<0.01), the content of MDA in the brain tissue and blood serum lowered obviously (P<0.05 or P<0.01), and the content of lipofuscin dropped distinctly (P<0.01)., Conclusion: The mechanism of the anti-aging effects of the Niubanggen is mainly obtained by raising the activity of SOD and reducing the contents of MDA and lipofuscin.