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Long-term tracking is a very popular tracking framework recently. Previous trackers mostly adopted a sliding window approach for global search, which can lead to significant time consumption. In addition, frequent appearance variations can make the tracking model lack long term adaptability. To solve the above issues, this paper proposes a joint local–global search mechanism for long-term tracking with dynamic memory network (LGST), which uses a global detector to generate "high-quality" region proposals and a dynamic memory network to store reliable template samples. Specifically, we first propose a novel global re-detection module that employs learning target channel-aware representation (TCA-R) to guide the region proposal network (RPN) to perform global search and cover the region of the target of interest to cope with the target disappearance and reappearance. Then, for the local tracker, a dynamic memory network is designed to collect the updated templates at different time periods and store reliable template samples. More importantly, we connect and feed the collected template features into the transformer encoder to generate the attention-enhanced features. Finally, we adopt a verifier to determine whether the tracked object exists or not, and dynamically switch between local search and global search mechanisms in the next image frame to form a long-term tracking framework. Experimental results on VOT-LT2018, VOT-LT2019, LaSOT, TLP, OTB2015, and UAV123 benchmarks show that our proposed tracker achieves comparable performance to state-of-the-art tracking algorithms. • A global detector module is designed to generate region proposals. • We propose a dynamic memory network to store reliable template samples. • Transformer encoder is used to enhance feature attention. • Experimental evaluation of state-of-the-art trackers on six benchmark datasets. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Parkinson's disease (PD) is one of the most common neurodegenerative diseases. Activins are members of the superfamily of transforming growth factors and have many potential neuroprotective effects. Herein, at the first place, we verified activin B's neuroprotective role in a PD model, and revealed that activin B's fast release has limited function in the PD therapy. To this end, we developed a multi-functional crosslinker based thermosensitive injectable hydrogels to deliver activin B, and stereotactically injected the activin B-loaded hydrogel into the striatum of a mouse model of PD. The histological evaluation showed that activin B can be detected even 5 weeks post-surgery in PD mice implanted with activin B-loaded hydrogels, and activin B-loaded hydrogels can significantly increase the density of tyrosine hydroxylase positive (TH + ) nerve fibers and reduce inflammatory responses. The behavioral evaluation demonstrated that activin B-loaded hydrogels significantly improved the performance of the mice in the PD model. Meanwhile, we found that hydrogels can slightly induce the activation of microglia cells and astrocytes, while cannot induce apoptosis in the striatum. Overall, our data demonstrated that the developed activin B-loaded hydrogels provide sustained release of activin B for over 5 weeks and contribute to substantial cellular protection and behavioral improvement, suggesting their potential as a therapeutic strategy for PD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Few studies have employed person-centered approaches (i.e. latent profile analysis in this study) to investigate the specific patterns of childhood maltreatment in a large sample of Chinese adolescents, and little is known about the predictive validity of latent profile analysis on internalizing problems, compared with multiple individual risk model and cumulative risk model. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether differential patterns of maltreatment existed by employing latent profile analysis with a sample of 9071 Chinese adolescents, and further examined the predictive validity of latent profile analysis on internalizing problems, relative to the cumulative risk and multiple individual risk model. Using a stratified sampling approach, 10,515 participants (Mean age = 14.24; SD = 1.73) were chosen from three different types of middle schools in Chongqing city, China. 9071 valid responses (males = 4775; females = 4296) were obtained for final analysis. Participants reported their childhood maltreatment experience, anxiety and depression symptoms. Latent profile analysis was used to obtain possible patterns of maltreatment with Mplus version 7. 4. Bolck-Croon-Hagenaars (BCH) method was used to test the association between maltreatment patterns and anxiety and depression symptoms. Relative weight analysis and analysis of variance (ANOVA) were used to test the predictive validity of latent profile analysis, multiple individual risk and cumulative risk model. Using latent profile analysis, two patterns of childhood maltreatment were uncovered ("No Maltreatment" and "Multiple Maltreatment"). Further analysis showed that multiple individual risk model accounted for the largest variance in anxiety (R 2 = 26.7%) and depression (R 2 = 33%), followed by the latent profile analysis (R 2 = 14.7% for anxiety and 18.6% for depression) and the cumulative risk model (R 2 = 12.9% for anxiety and 15.2% for depression). Our findings suggested that the multiple individual risk model is the optimal model for identifying adolescents at the risk of developing anxiety and depression symptoms, and the results suggested emotional abuse and emotional neglect are risk factors for higher levels of anxiety and depression among adolescents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• A catalytic OVA@FG nanovaccine provides a new perspective for vaccine design. • "Fe-GA catalytic unit" mimicked the ROS transfer process of NOX2 in organisms. • The fusiform-like OVA@FG exerted effective antigen cross-presentation in vivo. • OVA@FG promoted potent antitumor immunotherapy. Limited efficacy of antigen cross-presentation has become a great challenge in cancer vaccine development for increased cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs). Recent studies have found that NADPH oxidase 2 (NOX2) complex, the main catalyst for reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation in organisms to facilitate exogenous antigens leaking to cytoplasm, enhances the cross-presentation of antigen-presenting cells (APCs). Herein, inspired by the NOX2 catalytic ROS production, a cascade catalytic nanovaccine named OVA@FG was successfully developed to achieve biomimic oxidative effect. Specifically, metal-polyphenol networks (MPN), formed by naturally-derived gallic acid (GA) with Fe3+ ions, were spontaneously adsorbed on the model antigen ovalbumin (OVA) templates to construct OVA@FG. OVA@FG featured with a fusiform-like structure, can effectively migrate into lymph nodes (LNs) and accumulate in APC endo-/lysosomes. GA, within the nanovaccine structure, enabled to act as reducing agents to promote Fe3+/Fe2+ transformation in the acidic endo-/lysosomal environment. The cascade catalytic reaction between GA and Fe3+ ions mimicked the transfer process of NOX2 biological mechanism in "O 2 to O 2 •− to H 2 O 2 /•OH" cycling iteration. The process promoted the OVA antigen escape from endo-/lysosomes, APCs maturation and antigen cross-presentation to T lymphocytes. Notably, high levels of antigen-specific CD8+ T cell responses, accompanied by the induction of CD4+ T helper cells and remarkably therapeutic efficacy, were achieved in the B16-OVA tumor bearing mice treated with OVA@FG nanovaccines. The NOX2-inspired catalytic approach represents a facile applicable strategy for effective cross-presentation of exogenous antigens. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The realistic application promotion of two-dimensional graphene oxide (GO) membranes is hampered by the trade-off between permeance and stability due to the mismatching nanochannel structure and wall chemistry enabled by the current decoration strategy. To address this, we de novo contrive a three-in-one oriented graft molecule, 1-(3-aminopropyl)-2,3-dimethylimidazolium bromide. In this compound, amino groups can reduce GO while acting as covalently grafting sites, thereby expanding the graphene region and decreasing the molecular transport resistance. Imidazolium cation moieties can interact with oxygen-containing groups of GO to enhance membranes' anti-swelling ability. The whole molecules act as pillars to maintain the interlayer spacing. The modified GO (AIMGO) membranes show one-order-of-magnitude permeance improvements over GO membranes, with equally promising rejections. Furthermore, AIMGO membranes display ideal stability, remaining intact after 20-day water and ethanol immersion, unlike rapidly swollen GO membranes. AIMGO membranes are effective in the realistic pharmaceutical area achieving a separation factor of 9.8, with ethanol permeance of 513 L m−2 h−1 bar−1, which far exceeds the state-of-the-art polymeric membranes for drug purification. Herein, we highlight the rational combination of wide interlayer distance, low wall friction, and strong interlayer interactions to establish an efficient pathway for overcoming the permeance-stability trade-off in GO membranes and other two-dimensional membranes. [Display omitted] • The three-in-one oriented graft molecule can reduce the transport friction, maintain broad nanochannels, and enhance the stability of GO membranes. • AIMGO membranes achieve an order of magnitude increase in solvent permeance while maintaining ideal rejection capacity. • AIMGO membranes exhibit excellent anti-swelling ability in aqueous solution with different pH values and ethanol. • AIMGO membranes perform well in drug purification. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Highlights: [•] The bio-iron system showed sufficient NB removal capacity. [•] Positive effects were obtained with additional organic substrates. [•] Nitrate suppressed the bio-iron system performance. [•] Dissolved oxygen and sulfate improved the NB removal. [•] AN elimination occurred with the existence of oxygen, sulfate and nitrate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lactate plays a critical role in tumorigenesis, invasion and metastasis. Exhausting lactate in tumors holds great promise for the reversal of the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME). Herein, we report on a "lactate treatment plant" (i.e., nanofactory) that can dynamically trap pro-tumor lactate and in situ transformation into anti-tumor cytotoxic reactive oxygen species (ROS) for a synergistic chemodynamic and metabolic therapy. To this end, lactate oxidase (LOX) was nano-packaged by cationic polyethyleneimine (PEI), assisted by a necessary amount of copper ions (PLNPCu). As a reservoir of LOX, the tailored system can actively trap lactate through the cationic PEI component to promote lactate degradation by two-fold efficiency. More importantly, the byproducts of lactate degradation, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), can be transformed into anti-tumor ROS catalyzing by copper ions, mediating an immunogenic cell death (ICD). With the remission of immunosuppressive TME, ICD process effectively initiated the positive immune response in 4T1 tumor model (88% tumor inhibition). This work provides a novel strategy that rationally integrates metabolic therapy and chemodynamic therapy (CDT) for combating tumors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ammonium surfactants with different counterions were prepared and put into use of fabrication of DNA thermotropic liquid crystals. With different counterions, the phase transitions and liquid crystalline thermodynamic stabilities of DNA materials could be well tailored. [Display omitted] • Counterions could tailor the liquid crystalline stabilities of DNA materials. • Functional biomaterials could be designed by introducing specific counterion. • Counterions influence the phase transitions of anhydrous biomaterials. • The introduction of counterions into anhydrous biomaterials is inevitable. Solvent-free DNA-surfactant thermotropic liquid crystals (TLCs) are new developed soft biomaterials in recent years. The phase transition behaviors of these DNA TLCs could be regulated by the chain lengths of used double chain surfactants. While, the impact of counterions of ammonium surfactants on the phase transitions of DNA TLCs is still not clear. Herein, a series of ammonium surfactants with different counterions were prepared and put into use of fabrication of DNA TLCs. With inorganic counterions, the resulted DNA materials exhibit distinct decrease on the thermodynamic stability of LC states along with the size increase of counterions, while, the use of planar p -toluenesulfonate as counterion leads to remarkable increased LC thermostability for the resulted DNA material, due to the different interaction between counterions and surfactant layers. These observations indicate that the LC property of DNA-surfactant complexes could be conveniently tailored by using surfactants with designed counterions, providing a new strategy for designing advanced solvent-free biomaterials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Early detection of signet ring cell carcinoma (SRCC) can significantly improve patient survival rate. Pathological image analysis is applied as the golden standard for SRCC diagnosis. Automatic detection of pathological cells with deep learning methods can greatly reduce the burden of pathologists. Deep learning methods are commonly trained using large amounts of annotated data. However, due to the uneven distribution of medical resources and tedious manual examination procedure of high-resolution images, annotation data are usually insufficient and incomplete for deep learning model training. In this paper, we propose a new semi-supervised deep convolutional framework to address the data annotation problem for signet ring cell detection. Specifically, we propose a self-training strategy to generate pseudo bounding boxes based on Test Time Augmentation and modified Non-Maximum Suppression to re-train our detector. Our framework achieves 0.8774 in Valid Recall and 100.00 in FPs, winning the 1 st place in the signet ring cell detection task of the Digestive-System Pathological Detection and Segmentation Challenge 2019. Code has been made publicly available at: https://github.com/ooooverflow/DigestPath2019. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Si additives disperse in a Co–Al 2 O 3 matrix and introduce moderate surface acid sites. • Si additives change the stability of the Co2+––Al 2 O 3 catalyst rather than its initial activity. • Si modification changes the graphitization level and reactivity of formed coke species. • Si modification regulates the adsorption mode, strength, and amount of C 3 H 6 on catalysts. • C 3 H 6 co-feeding changes the coking rate rather than the coke distribution over Co catalysts. The effects of Si-additive modification on nonoxidative propane dehydrogenation (PDH) over γ -Al 2 O 3 sheet-supported isolate Co2+ catalysts have been investigated. Si addition cannot change the nanosheet structure and tetrahedral Co2+ coordination of the Co catalysts; nonetheless, it introduces a number of moderate-strength acid sites by the formation of composite SiAl oxides. Promoted catalytic stability is achieved on Si-modified Si–Co–Al 2 O 3 in comparison with the Si-free Co–Al 2 O 3 catalyst. In spite of similar total content and H/C ratios of deposited coke species on these two spent catalysts, a relatively lower graphitization degree and a higher ratio of highly reactive coke species are observed on the Si–Co–Al 2 O 3 catalyst. Furthermore, the co-feeding of C 3 H 6 significantly changes the coking reaction rates but not the coke distributions on Co-based catalysts. The C 3 H 6 temperature-programmed desorption profiles and in situ diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectra suggest that the interaction of C 3 H 6 with Co catalysts can be affected by Si modification tuning the coking property and the catalytic stability of Co2+–Al 2 O 3 -based catalysts for the PDH reactions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The rigid MoS 2 nanosheets are promising building blocks for establishing straight and regular two-dimensional (2D) channels to pursue high molecule permeances. However, the overtight stacking configuration of MoS 2 laminates causes barriers for quick mass transports. In order to solve this issue, we propose the surface modification strategy using polydopamine (PDA) coating on MoS 2 nanosheets for lamellar membrane assembly. This approach has the prominent merit of retaining the channel continuity, compared with the conventional intercalation route. Benefitting from the high hydrophilicity of PDA, the 2D PDA@MoS 2 (PM) channels stacked by PDA decorated MoS 2 sheets are easily solvated and the PM laminates deliver wide channels with d-spacings of up to 1.24 nm under wet states. The permeances of the solvated PM membranes are three times higher than the original MoS 2 membranes and are superior to the existing nanofiltration membranes with comparable rejections as well. More interestingly, the PM membrane exhibits pH responsiveness and can achieve thorough sieving for a ternary system by using a single membrane. This study has identified a feasible route to expand the interlayer channels of 2D MoS 2 membranes for boosting permeances. [Display omitted] • PDA coating strategy serves to expand the interlayer channels in tightly stacked MoS 2 laminates. • The continuity of the channels in the original MoS 2 membrane has been preserved in PDA@MoS 2 (PM) membranes. • Solvent permeability of the PM membranes is increased by about three times while maintaining good dye separation performance. • pH responsiveness function is applied to the dye separation in ternary systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background Anatomic hemispherectomy is an effective surgical treatment for patients with hemispherical intractable epilepsy. Different degrees of brain shifting have been observed, but whether these shifts can predict motor function recovery is unknown. The aim of this study was to analyze the correlation between brain shift ratios of different brain areas and motor function before and after surgery. Methods Medical records and magnetic resonance imaging of 23 patients who underwent anatomic hemispherectomy from 2006 to 2013 at a single center were retrospectively reviewed. Proximal and distal muscle strengths of both arms and legs were measured before and after surgery to determine motor function outcomes. Brain shift ratios of frontal lobe, temporal lobe, parieto-occipital lobe, thalamus, brainstem, and cerebellum were measured before and after surgery to test which shifts could effectively predict motor function outcomes. Results Fifteen patients (65.2%) showed different degrees of presurgical brain shifting. Brain shift ratios of all measured brain areas were generally increased after anatomic hemispherectomy. After surgery, 13 patients (56.5%) exhibited improved proximal muscle strength, whereas 10 (43.5%) in distal. Significant correlations were found only between muscle strength improvements of distal arms or legs and presurgical brain shift ratios of thalamus or brainstem (all P < 0.05). Distal muscle strength improvements also correlated with age at seizure onset. Conclusions Patients with hemispherical intractable epilepsy with larger presurgical shifts of thalamus and brainstem exhibited improved muscle strength, especially in distal muscles, after anatomic hemispherectomy. This result was more likely in patients who were older at the time of seizure onset. These presurgical shifts of thalamus and brainstem may be used for predicting motor function recovery after hemispherectomy for a subset of patients, which is beneficial for surgical planning. Highlights • Brain shifts were observed differently before and after all types of hemispherectomy. • Presurgical shifts of thalamus and brainstem exhibited improved postoperative muscle strength, especially in distal muscles. • These results are usefull for neurosurgeons and patients with hemispheric lesions before hemispherectomy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) have been widely used as theranostic drug-carrier and MRI contrast agent. Their potential effects are still in blank while SPIONs are used for brain. The present study aims to investigate SPIONs’ neurotoxicity in vitro and in vivo using stereotaxic technique. By co-incubating SPIONs with dopaminergic neuronal PC12 cells, we found that SPIONs had a dose-dependent cytotoxic in PC12 cells at 60–200 ug/mL but not at 10–50 ug/mL, it reduced cell viability, decreased the capacity of PC12 cells to extend neurites in response to nerve growth factor (NGF), induced a reduction of the tyrosine hydroxylase protein, while increasing PC12 cell apoptosis. Accordingly, the no-observed-adverse-effect level (NOAEL) of current SPIONs was 50 ug/mL in vitro, which would be useful for human health risk assessment. While directly injecting the SPIONs into the dorsal striatum or hippocampus, 7 and 14 days after surgery, nanoparticles decreased the TH + fiber density in both the dorsal striatum and the hippocampus. A behavioral evaluation demonstrated that SPIONs attenuated the animals’ motor coordination and spatial memory, as evaluated by the rotarod test and the Morris water maze. We further examined mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) activation and found that c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) was activated after SPIONs treatment. It suggests that the SPIONs-induced neurotoxicity might be mediated through the JNK signaling pathway. SPIONs could possibly induce neurotoxic effects on the dorsal striatum and hippocampus. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A portable and highly sensitive Hg2+ colorimetric sensor was pioneered, in which Fe 7 S 8 -100 functioned as an efficient enrichment carrier and colorimetric catalyzer. Four types of Fe 7 S 8 -X (X = 0, 25, 50, 100) with varying pure phase compositions were fabricated by adjusting the ratios of ethylene glycol (EG) to water (H 2 O). The ultrapure Fe 7 S 8 -100 phase possessed superior catalytic activity and good enrichment ability. A Hg2+ detection sensor was constructed based on the pairing of Hg2+ with -SH in glutathione (GSH) using 3,3′,5,5′-tetramethylbenzidine (TMB) as the chromogenic substrate. The as-constructed platform provided a linear range (LR) of 0.01–300 μM with a detection limit of 3 nM. In addition, we developed a smartphone application (APP) for Hg2+ colorimetric assay with a detection limit of 30 nM and recovery of 86–115%. To maximize colorimetric sensitivity, an enhanced photography platform was fabricated to eliminate natural light interference and enhance photographic color intensity. Overall, the desorption-free, enrichment-colorimetry integration strategy, combined with smartphone visual detection, provides a practical solution for rapid, field monitoring of Hg2+ in environmental waters. • Fe 7 S 8 -X with different purities are fabricated by adjusting the ratios of EG to H 2 O. • A sensor based on sorption-free enrichment-colorimetric integration is constructed. • The Fe 7 S 8 -100 based sensor provides a nM-level detection limit for Hg2+ assay. • A "Thing Identification" software is developed for smartphone-based visual detection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Radiation-induced soft errors have emerged as a critical issue that must be addressed in fields such as aerospace, where control flow errors they cause could lead to catastrophic consequences. However, existing control flow errors detection methods based on signature analysis typically use a single type of signature to record predecessor–successor relationships, which has limited expressive power and struggles to balance program residual failure rate and time overhead. In response to this, we employ a basic block repartitioning technique to adjust the control flow graph of a program to conform to jump rules we set, and design a novel signature analysis scheme that combines node type signatures with predecessor–successor signatures to detect control flow errors inter basic block. We also improve the signatures mechanism to detect control flow errors intra basic block and inter procedures, thus providing the ability to detect these two types of control flow errors and allowing for flexible configuration based on the reliability requirements of the program. Experimental results show that compared to baselines, the proposed method can ensure a low residual failure rate while maintaining a low time overhead. • A repartition method to adjust the structure of program control flow graphs. • Node type signatures represent the structural information of control flow graphs. • Readjust signatures to detect errors intra basic blocks and inter procedures. • Detection methods can be chosen according to the reliability requirement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, Fe 0 and mixed anaerobic culture were integrated in one column to investigate the coupled abiotic and biotic effects on hexa-valent chromium (Cr(VI)) removal and column longevity with an abiotic Fe 0 column in the control experiments. According to the breakthrough study, a slower Cr(VI) breakthrough rate of 0.19 cm/PV was observed in the biotic Fe 0 column whereas the value in the abiotic Fe 0 column was 0.30 cm/PV, resulting in 64% longer life-span and 62% higher Cr(VI) removal capacity in the biotic Fe 0 column than the abiotic one. The solid phase characterization by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) confirmed that this enhancement was attributed to the higher consumption of iron and greater production of diverse reactive minerals (e.g., green rust, magnetite and lepidocrocite) induced by the synergistic interaction of Fe 0 and anaerobic culture, providing more reactive sites for Cr(VI) adsorption, reduction and co-precipitation. Furthermore, the decreasing breakthrough rates and growing iron corrosion along the biotic Fe 0 column demonstrated an inhomogeneous distribution of reactive zones in the column and its latter 3/5 section was considered to be the most reactive area for Cr(VI) removal. These results indicate that the inoculation of microorganisms in Fe 0 -based permeable reactive barriers will enable this technology a higher removal capacity and longer life-span for the remediation of Cr(VI)-contaminated groundwater. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Total antioxidant capacity (TAC) can be evaluated by detecting the content of antioxidants, such as ascorbic acid, based on the enzyme-mimetic activity of nanomaterials. Herein, we fabricated a 3D-V 2 O 5 /NC nanocomposite using a self-templating strategy, which achieved ultrafine particles (∼2.5 nm), a porous carbon layer, large specific surface area (152.4 m2/g), N-doping and heterogeneous structure. The strong catalytic activity of 3D-V 2 O 5 /NC resulted from the integrated effect between the ultrafine structure of V 2 O 5 nanoparticles and the 3D porous nitrogen-doped carbon framework, effectively increasing the number of active sites. This nanozyme presented a higher catalytic activity than its components or precursors in the nanocomposite (e.g., VN/NC, NC, V 2 O 5 , and VO 2 /g-C 3 N 4). ROS scavenging experiments confirmed that the dual enzyme-like activity of 3D-V 2 O 5 /NC (catalase-like and oxidase-like) resulted from their co-participation of ‧O 2 −, h+ and ‧OH, among which ‧O 2 − played a crucial role in the catalytic color reaction. By virtue of the 3D-V 2 O 5 /NC nanoenzyme activity and TMB as a chromogenic substrate, the mixed system of 3D-V 2 O 5 /NC + TMB + H 2 O 2 provided a low detection limit (0.03 μM) and suitable recovery (93.0–109.5%) for AA. Additionally, a smartphone-based colorimetric application was developed employing "Thing Identify" software to evaluate TAC in beverages. The colorimetric sensor and smartphone-detection platform provide a better or comparable analytical performance for TAC assessment in comparison to commercial ABTS test kits. The newly developed smartphone-based colorimetric platform presents several prominent advantageous, such as low cost, simple/rapid operation, and feasibility for outdoor use. [Display omitted] • A 3D-V 2 O 5 /NC nanocomposite is fabricated by a self-templating strategy. • 3D-V 2 O 5 /NC has dual enzyme-mimetic activity (oxidase-like and catalase-like). • Synergistic effect between N-doped carbon lamellae and multivalent V 2 O 5 nanoparticles. • This method provides a low detection limit and suitable recovery for TAC. • Developed a smartphone-based colorimetric application (APP). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• The micro-chemical environments of TaS 2 laminates were modified for acid recovery. • Positively charged polymers were inserted into TaS 2 channels. • The modified TaS 2 membranes show improving acid fluxes and separation factors synergistically. • The next generation acid recovery membranes were successfully established. Two dimensional (2D) TaS 2 laminates have highly regular and ordered transfer mass channels, thus being promising acid recovery membrane candidates for diffusion dialysis (DD) applications to discern H+ and metallic ions. However, it remains a daunting task to get access to high-performance 2D acid recycling membranes made from single TaS 2 nanosheets. Here, we report manipulation of the chemical environments of TaS 2 channels to develop excellent acid recycling 2D membranes. As demonstration projects, positively charged poly(diallyldimethylammonium chloride) (PDDA) and poly(4-vinylpyridine) (P4VP) in acid solution were chosen as polycation intercalators to modify the TaS 2 2D channels. Under the DD mode, the TaS 2 membrane exhibits a H+ dialysis coefficient (U H +) of 3.72 × 10−3 m h−1 and separation factor (S) of 9 towards the simulated acid pickle. In contrast, the U H + and S value of the PDDA@TaS 2 membrane improve to 12.7 × 10−3 m h−1 and 34.4 respectively. Those of the P4VP@TaS 2 membrane increase to 12.5 × 10−3 m h−1 and 29.1 respectively. The reported acid recovery properties of PDDA@TaS 2 and P4VP@TaS 2 membranes exceed the commercial DF-120 acid recovery membranes. The experiment and simulation results reveal that the synergistical enhancements of U H + and S originate from the incorporating polycations in PDDA@TaS 2 and P4VP@TaS 2 composite channels. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

L-arginine metabolism is essential for the activation, survival, and effector function of the T lymphocytes and critical in eliminating tumors via T-cell-mediated immunotherapy, such as immune checkpoint blockade (ICB). Unfortunately, efficient delivery of hydrophilic L-arginine to the tumor microenvironment (TME) has met tremendous difficulties because of the limited loading efficacy and rapid diffusion. Inspired by the small-molecule prodrug nanoassemblies with ultrahigh drug-loading, we screen out aromatic aldehydes compounds to be used as dynamic tags to decorate L-arginine (reversible imine). Nano-Arginine (ArgNP, 104 nm) was created based on dynamic tag-mediated self-assembly. Molecular dynamics simulations indicate that the driving force of this self-assembly process is intermolecular hydrogen bonds, π–π stacking, and cation–π interactions. Notably, ArgNP metabolic synergy with anti-PD-L1 antibody (aPDL1) can promote tumor-infiltrating T cells (3.3-fold than aPDL1), resulting in a tumor inhibition ratio of 2.6-fold than aPDL1. Besides, such a strategy efficiently reduces the myeloid-derived suppressor cells, increases the M1-macrophages against the tumor, and induces the production of memory T cells. Furthermore, this synergistic therapy effectively restrains lung metastasis and prolongs mouse survival (60% survival ratio). The study highlights the dynamic tags strategy with facility and advance to deliver L-arginine that can metabolically promote ICB therapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Current efforts to develop novel vaccine nanotechnologies to increase cytotoxic T lymphocytes have met the challenges of the limited efficacy of antigen cross-presentation. Recent studies have uncovered a unique biological mechanism by which activation of the NADPH oxidase 2 (NOX2) complex, a major source of reactive oxygen species (ROS), enhances the cross-presentation by antigen-presenting cells (APCs). Inspired by the NOX2 mechanism, we devise biomineralized nanovaccines named NVscp, which are developed by in situ growth of calcium peroxide on nanovaccines self-assembled with the model antigen ovalbumin. The ~80 nm NVscp efficiently flow to the draining lymph nodes, where they accumulate within APC endo-/lysosomes, and generate a rapid burst of ROS in response to the acidic endo-/lysosomal environment with the subsequent endo-/lysosomal lipid peroxidation. Accompanied by the process, NVscp stimulate distinct APCs maturation and antigen presentation to T lymphocytes. Notably, high levels of antigen-specific CD8+ T cell responses, accompanied by the induction of CD4+ T helper cells, are achieved. More importantly, NVscp significantly increase the ratios of intratumoral CD8+ T/regulatory T cells and achieve prominent tumor therapy effects. The NOX2-inspired biomineralized NVscp represent an effective and easily applicable strategy that enables the strong cross-presentation of exogenous vaccine antigens. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The immune system's response to threat is to amass protective white blood cells. We investigated (N = 234) individual differences in white blood cell (WBC) through the lens of life history theory by examining individual differences in (self-reported) childhood threats (i.e., unpredictability and harshness), life history speed, and the Dark Triad traits (i.e., Machiavellianism, narcissism, and psychopathy). People with adverse childhood conditions had faster life history strategies and higher Dark Triad traits, and were more prone to be inflamed (i.e., sexually transmitted infections). In addition, men reported more childhood harshness, Machiavellianism, psychopathy, and a faster life history strategy and a higher WBC count than women did. Moreover, we revealed, through structural equation models, that the effects of childhood adversity on adult WBC count were mediated by narcissism especially in women. Results are discussed in terms of the mechanism underlying the association between childhood environments and physiological health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: According to the healthy context paradox, the negative effects of peer victimization on core self-evaluation and depressive symptoms may vary in different levels of classroom-level victimization. However, previous studies have not investigated this issue using a longitudinal study design., Objective: The present study used a longitudinal design to examine why and under what conditions peer victimization was associated with adolescents' depressive symptoms., Method: A large number of Chinese adolescents (Time 1: N = 4164, 50.3 % girls, M age  = 12.89, SD age  = 0.77; Time 2: N = 4001, 50.4 % girls, M age  = 14.39, SD age  = 0.75) were followed for one and a half years., Results: Results showed that adolescents who were victimized in healthy contexts were more depressed and were at an increased risk of reporting more negative core self-evaluation than those victimized in unhealthy contexts. Moreover, core self-evaluation served as a mediator between peer victimization and depressive symptoms., Limitations: This study included two waves of data, which limited the exploration of dynamic relationships between peer victimization and depressive symptoms. In addition, the self-reported data weakened the objectivity of the results. Finally, this study neglected the effects of different dimensions of peer victimization on depressive symptoms., Conclusions: The healthy context paradox of peer victimization is identified in China, highlighting that future interventions of peer victimization should pay more attention to specific remaining victimized and self-devaluing individuals in healthy contexts., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

The hepatopancreas is the biggest digestive organ in Amphioctopus fangsiao (A. fangsiao), but also undertakes critical functions like detoxification and immune defense. Generally, pathogenic bacteria or endotoxin from the gut microbiota would be arrested and detoxified in the hepatopancreas, which could be accompanied by the inevitable immune responses. In recent years, studies related to cephalopods immune have been increasing, but the molecular mechanisms associated with the hepatopancreatic immunity are still unclear. In this study, lipopolysaccharide (LPS), a major component of the cell wall of Gram-negative bacteria, was used for imitating bacteria infection to stimulate the hepatopancreas of A. fangsiao. To investigate the immune process happened in A. fangsiao hepatopancreas, we performed transcriptome analysis of hepatopancreas tissue after LPS injection, and identified 2615 and 1943 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) at 6 and 24 h post-injection, respectively. GO and KEGG enrichment analysis showed that these DEGs were mainly involved in immune-related biological processes and signaling pathways, including ECM-receptor interaction signaling pathway, Phagosome signaling pathway, Lysosome signaling pathway, and JAK-STAT signaling pathways. The function relationships between these DEGs were further analyzed through protein-protein interaction (PPI) networks. It was found that Mtor, Mapk14 and Atm were the three top interacting DEGs under LPS stimulation. Finally, 15 hub genes involving multiple KEGG signaling pathways and PPI relationships were selected for qRT-PCR validation. In this study, for the first time we explored the molecular mechanisms associated with hepatopancreatic immunity in A. fangsiao using a PPI networks approach, and provided new insights for understanding hepatopancreatic immunity in A. fangsiao., (Copyright © 2024. Published by Elsevier Ltd.)

Macrophages, capable of both direct killing and antigen presentation, are crucial for the interplay between innate and adaptive immunity. However, strategies mainly focus on polarizing tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) to M1 phenotype, while overlooking the inefficient antigen cross-presentation due to hyperactive hydrolytic protease within lysosomes which leads to antigen degradation. In light of the significant influence of reactive oxygen species (ROS) on TAMs' polarization and the inhibition of phagosomal proteolysis, a novel nanosystem termed OVA-Fe-GA (OFG) is engineered, drawing inspiration from the NOX2 enzyme's role. OFG integrates ovalbumin (OVA) and a network composed of Fe-gallic acid (GA), emulating the NOX2 enzyme's sequential ROS generation process ("O 2 to O 2 •- to H 2 O 2 /•OH"). Furthermore, it elucidates a biological mechanism that augments antigen cross-presentation by suppressing the expression of cysteine proteases. OFG restores the innate anti-tumor functionality of TAMs and significantly amplifies their antigen cross-presentation (4.5-fold compared to the PBS control group) in B16-OVA tumor-bearing mice. Notably, the infiltration and activity of intratumoral CD8 + T cells are enhanced, indicating an adaptive immune response. Moreover, OFG exhibits excellent photothermal properties, thereby fostering a system antitumor immune response. This study provides a promising strategy for initiating both innate and adaptive immunity via TAMs activation., (© 2024 Wiley‐VCH GmbH.)

The study used headspace solid-phase microextraction coupled with gas chromatography-time-of-flight mass spectrometry (HS-SPME-GC-TOF-MS) to analyze volatile compounds in leaves and fruits of Amomum tsaoko , Amomum paratsaoko , and Amomum koenigii . The composition and aroma of distinct metabolites were analyzed using multivariate statistical methods. A total of 564 volatile compounds were identified from three species of the genus Amomum , which were further divided into nine categories: terpenoids, carboxylic acids, alcohols, hydrocarbons, aldehydes, ketones, phenols, ethers, and other compounds. Terpenoids and alcohols were the most abundant. The content and types of compounds vary in A. tsaoko , A. paratsaoko , and A. koenigii , so mixing or substituting them is not advisable. We selected 45 metabolites based on the criteria of the variable importance in projection values (VIP > 1.5) and one-way ANOVA ( p < 0.05). The top 19 metabolites with the most significant VIP values were chosen. Interestingly, ( Z )-2-decenal was only found in Amomum koenigii , while nitroethane and nonanal were only present in cultivated A. tsaoko . Additionally, linalool, cineole, and ( D )-limonene were the main components affecting the aroma of three species of the genus Amomum . The volatile components identified in this study provide a theoretical basis for analyzing the unique flavor of A. tsaoko , A. paratsaoko, and A. koenigii .

Core 1 synthase glycoprotein-N-acetylgalactosamine 3-β-galactosyltransferase 1 (C1GALT1) is known to play a critical role in the development of gastric cancer, but few studies have elucidated associations between genetic variants in C1GALT1 and gastric cancer risk. By using the genome-wide association study data from the database of Genotype and Phenotype (dbGAP), we evaluated such associations with a multivariable logistic regression model and identified that the rs35999583 G>C in C1GALT1 was associated with gastric cancer risk (odds ratio, 0.83; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.75-0.92; P = 3.95 × 10 -4 ). C1GALT1 mRNA expression levels were significantly higher in gastric tumor tissues than in normal tissues, and gastric cancer patients with higher C1GALT1 mRNA levels had worse overall survival rates (hazards ratio, 1.33; 95% CI, 1.05-1.68; P log-rank = 1.90 × 10 -2 ). Furthermore, we found that C1GALT1 copy number differed in various immune cells and that C1GALT1 mRNA expression levels were positively correlated with the infiltrating levels of CD4 + T cells and macrophages. These results suggest that genetic variants of C1GALT1 may play an important role in gastric cancer risk and provide a new insight for C1GALT1 into a promising predictor of gastric cancer susceptibility and immune status.

Although childhood maltreatment has been suggested to play an important role in developing Internet addiction among adolescents, little is known about the mediating and moderating mechanisms underlying this association. The present study investigated (a) the mediating role of maladaptive cognitive emotion regulation strategy (MCERS) in the association between childhood maltreatment and Internet addiction, and (b) the moderating role of peer support in the relationship between childhood maltreatment and Internet addiction. A sample of 4163 Chinese adolescents (50.3 % females, M age  = 14.25, SD = 1.53) were recruited. The moderated mediation model showed that MCERS mediated the relationship between childhood maltreatment and Internet addiction. Furthermore, the mediating process was moderated by peer support. Interestingly, peer support can protect adolescents from being affected by higher levels of MCERS while it displays limited protective effect when adolescents suffered from higher levels of childhood maltreatment. These findings indicate that reducing the MCERS and enhancing peer support can contribute to the alleviation of negative influences of childhood maltreatment on Internet addiction., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

N-glycanase 1 (NGLY1) is an essential enzyme involved in the deglycosylation of misfolded glycoproteins through the endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-associated degradation (ERAD) pathway, which could hydrolyze N-glycan from N-glycoprotein or N-glycopeptide in the cytosol. Recent studies indicated that NGLY1 inhibition is a potential novel drug target for antiviral therapy. In this study, structure-based virtual analysis was applied to screen candidate NGLY1 inhibitors from 2960 natural compounds. Three natural compounds, Poliumoside, Soyasaponin Bb, and Saikosaponin B2 showed significantly inhibitory activity of NGLY1, isolated from traditional heat-clearing and detoxifying Chinese herbs. Furthermore, the core structural motif of the three NGLY1 inhibitors was a disaccharide structure with glucose and rhamnose, which might exert its action by binding to important active sites of NGLY1, such as Lys238 and Trp244. In traditional Chinese medicine, many compounds containing this disaccharide structure probably targeted NGLY1. This study unveiled the leading compound of NGLY1 inhibitors with its core structure, which could guide future drug development.

Understanding how genetic variants alter phenotypes is an essential aspect of genetic research. Copy number variations (CNVs), a type of prevalent genetic variation in the genome, have been the subject of extensive study for decades. Numerous CNVs have been identified and linked to specific phenotypes and diseases in horses. However, few studies utilizing whole-genome sequencing to detect CNVs in large horse populations have been conducted. Here, we performed whole-genome sequencing on a large cohort of 97 horses from 16 horse populations using Illumina Hiseq panels to detect common and breed-specific CNV regions (CNVRs) genome-wide. This is the largest number of breeds and individuals utilized in a whole genome sequencing-based horse CNV study, employing racing, sport, local, primitive, draft, and pony breeds from around the world. We identified 5,053 to 44,681 breed CNVRs in each of the 16 horse breeds, with median lengths ranging from 1.9 kb to 8 kb. Furthermore, using Vst statistics we analyzed the population differentiation of autosomal CNVRs in three diverse horse populations (Thoroughbred, Yakutian, and Przewalski's horse). Functional annotations were performed on CNVR-overlapping genes and revealed that population-differentiated candidate genes ( CTSL, RAB11FIP3, and CTIF ) may be involved in selection and adaptation. Our pilot study has provided the horse genetic research community with a large and valuable CNVR dataset and has identified many potential horse breeding targets that require further validation and in-depth investigation., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2023 Tang, Zhu, Ren, Chen, Li and Gu.)

Aberrant alternative polyadenylation (APA) events play an important role in cancers, but little is known about whether APA-related genetic variants contribute to the susceptibility to bladder cancer. Previous genome-wide association study performed APA quantitative trait loci (apaQTL) analyses in bladder cancer, and identified 17 955 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). We found that gene symbols of APA affected by apaQTL-associated SNPs were closely correlated with cancer signaling pathways, high mutational burden, and immune infiltration. Association analysis showed that apaQTL-associated SNPs rs34402449 C>A, rs2683524 C>T, and rs11540872 C>G were significantly associated with susceptibility to bladder cancer (rs34402449: OR = 1.355, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.159-1.583, P = 1.33 × 10 -4 ; rs2683524: OR = 1.378, 95% CI: 1.164-1.632, P = 2.03 × 10 -4 ; rs11540872: OR = 1.472, 95% CI: 1.193-1.815, P = 3.06 × 10 -4 ). Cumulative effect analysis showed that the number of risk genotypes and smoking status were significantly associated with an increased risk of bladder cancer ( P trend = 2.87 × 10 -12 ). We found that PRR13 , being demonstrated the most significant effect on cell proliferation in bladder cancer cell lines, was more highly expressed in bladder cancer tissues than in adjacent normal tissues. Moreover, the rs2683524 T allele was correlated with shorter 3' untranslated regions of PRR13 and increased PRR13 expression levels. Collectively, our findings have provided informative apaQTL resources and insights into the regulatory mechanisms linking apaQTL-associated variants to bladder cancer risk.

Understanding the genetic variations of the horse (Equus caballus) genome will improve breeding conservation and welfare. However, genetic variations in long segments, such as structural variants (SVs), remain understudied. We de novo assembled 10 chromosome-level three-dimensional horse genomes, each representing a distinct breed, and analysed horse SVs using a multi-assembly approach. Our findings suggest that SVs with the accumulation of mammalian-wide interspersed repeats related to long interspersed nuclear elements might be a horse-specific mechanism to modulate genome-wide gene regulatory networks. We found that olfactory receptors were commonly loss and accumulated deleterious mutations, but no purge of deleterious mutations occurred during horse domestication. We examined the potential effects of SVs on the spatial structure of chromatin via topologically associating domains (TADs). Breed-specific TADs were significantly enriched by breed-specific SVs. We identified 4199 unique breakpoint-resolved novel insertions across all chromosomes that account for 2.84 Mb sequences missing from the reference genome. Several novel insertions might have potential functional consequences, as 519 appeared to reside within 449 gene bodies. These genes are primarily involved in pathogen recognition, innate immune responses and drug metabolism. Moreover, 37 diverse horses were resequenced. Combining this with public data, we analysed 97 horses through a comparative population genomics approach to identify the genetic basis underlying breed characteristics using Thoroughbreds as a case study. We provide new scientific evidence for horse domestication, an understanding of the genetic mechanism underlying the phenotypic evolution of horses, and a comprehensive genetic variation resource for further genetic studies of horses., (© 2023 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)

Introduction: The development of skeletal muscle is regulated by regulatory factors of genes and non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs). Methods: The objective of this study was to understand the transformation of muscle fiber type in the longissimus dorsi muscle of male Ningxiang pigs at four different growth stages (30, 90, 150, and 210 days after birth, n = 3) by histological analysis and whole transcriptome sequencing. Additionally, the study investigated the expression patterns of various RNAs involved in muscle fiber transformation and constructed a regulatory network for competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) that includes circular RNA (circRNA)/long non-coding RNA (lncRNA)-microRNA (miRNA)-messenger RNA (mRNA). Results: Histomorphology analysis showed that the diameter of muscle fiber reached its maximum at 150 days after birth. The slow muscle fiber transformation showed a pattern of initial decrease followed by an increase. 29,963 circRNAs, 2,683 lncRNAs, 986 miRNAs and 22,411 mRNAs with expression level ≥0 were identified by whole transcriptome sequencing. Furthermore, 642 differentially expressed circRNAs (DEc), 505 differentially expressed lncRNAs (DEl), 316 differentially expressed miRNAs (DEmi) and 6,090 differentially expressed mRNAs (DEm) were identified by differential expression analysis. Functions of differentially expressed mRNA were identified by gene ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG). GO enrichment analysis indicates that 40 known genes and 6 new genes are associated with skeletal muscle development. Additionally, KEGG analysis shows that these genes regulate skeletal muscle development via MAPK, FoxO, Hedgehog, PI3K-Akt, Notch, VEGF and other signaling pathways. Through protein-protein interaction (PPI) and transcription factor prediction (TFP), the action mode of skeletal muscle-related genes was explored. PPI analysis showed that there were stable interactions among 19 proteins, meanwhile, TFP analysis predicted 22 transcription factors such as HMG20B, MYF6, MYOD1 and MYOG, and 12 of the 19 interacting proteins were transcription factors. The regulatory network of ceRNA related to skeletal muscle development was constructed based on the correlation of various RNA expression levels and the targeted binding characteristics with miRNA. The regulatory network included 31 DEms, 59 miRNAs, 667 circRNAs and 224 lncRNAs. conclusion: Overall, the study revealed the role of ceRNA regulatory network in the transformation of skeletal muscle fiber types in Ningxiang pigs, which contributes to the understanding of ceRNA regulatory network in Ningxiang pigs during the skeletal muscle development period., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2023 Yu, Xu, Ai, Wang, Zhang, Li, LiuFu, Liu, Jiang, Gu, Gao and Ma.)

Antigen self-assembly nanovaccines advance the minimalist design of therapeutic cancer vaccines, but the issue of inefficient cross-presentation has not yet been fully addressed. Herein, we report a unique approach by combining the concepts of "antigen multi-copy display" and "calcium carbonate (CaCO 3 ) biomineralization" to increase cross-presentation. Based on this strategy, we successfully construct sub-100 nm biomineralized antigen nanosponges (BANSs) with high CaCO 3 loading (38.13 wt%) and antigen density (61.87%). BANSs can be effectively uptaken by immature antigen-presenting cells (APCs) in the lymph node upon subcutaneous injection. Achieving efficient spatiotemporal coordination of antigen cross-presentation and immune effects, BANSs induce the production of CD4 + T helper cells and cytotoxic T lymphocytes, resulting in effective tumor growth inhibition. BANSs combined with anti-PD-1 antibodies synergistically enhance anti-tumor immunity and reverse the tumor immunosuppressive microenvironment. Overall, this CaCO 3 powder-mediated biomineralization of antigen nanosponges offer a robust and safe strategy for cancer immunotherapy., (© 2023. The Author(s).)

Herein, we successfully prepared magnetic Co/Ni-based N-doped 3D carbon nanotubes and graphene nanocomposites (CoNi@NGC) using a simple high-temperature calcination method. The CoNi@NGC nanocomposites were used as adsorbents to study their adsorption performances and underlying kinetic mechanisms for six types of bisphenol compounds (BPs) in water. They were also used as extractants, and acid-base effervescent tablets were used to enhance extractant dispersion with the aid of vigorous CO 2 bubbling. Thus, a novel pretreatment method was developed, denoted effervescent reaction-assisted dispersive solid-phase microextraction (ER-DSM), which was combined with high performance liquid chromatography-fluorescence detection (HPLC-FLD) to rapidly quantify trace-level BPs in several drinks. The morphology and structure of the CoNi@NGC adsorbent were characterized in detail using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), N 2 adsorption and desorption (BET-BJH), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and vibrating sample magnetometry (VSM). The CoNi@NGC nanocomposites were successfully doped with N and exhibited large specific surface areas (109.42 m 2 /g), abundant pores, and strong magnetic properties (17.98 emu/g).Key parameters were rigorously optimized to maximize the adsorption performance of CoNi@NGC, including adsorbent dosage, solution pH, temperature, and time. Under the constant conditions of pH=7, 5 mg of CoNi@NGC, initial BP concentrations of 5 mg/L, and 5 min of shaking at 298 K, the adsorption percentages of bisphenol M (BPM) and bisphenol A (BPA) reached respective maxima of 99.01% and 98.21%. Remarkably, those of bisphenol Z (BPZ), BPA, and BPM reached almost 100% after 90 min. The adsorption between the BPs and CoNi@NGC was mainly governed by hydrogen bonds, electrostatic interactions, and π-π conjugation. The entire adsorption process was consistent with Freundlich adsorption and a quasi-second-order kinetic equation, representing spontaneous adsorption. Via integration with HPLC-FLD, ER-DSM was used to rapidly extract and analyze trace-level BPs in six types of boxed drinks. Critical factors were optimized individually, including the type of eluent and elution time and volume, which influenced the enrichment effect. Under the optimized extraction conditions (pH=7, 5 mg CoNi@NGC, elution with 2 mL acetone for 6 min), the limits of detection and quantification of the novel extraction method were 0.06-0.20 and 0.20-0.66 μg/L, respectively. The intra- and inter-day precisions spanned the ranges 1.44%-4.76% and 1.69%-5.36%, respectively, and the recoveries in the actual samples were in the range 82.4%-103.7%. Moreover, the respective residual levels of BPA and BPB in peach juice samples were 2.09 and 1.37 μg/L. Regeneration studies revealed that the CoNi@NGC adsorbent could be reused at least five times, which significantly reduced the cost of evaluation. In summary, compared to other methods, this method displays the advantages of a high sensitivity, rapid extraction, and environmental friendliness, thereby exhibiting considerable potential for use in conventional monitoring of trace-level BPs in food matrices.

Purpose: This meta-analysis investigated the relationships between the CD44 + /CD24 - phenotype and tumor size, lymph node metastasis, distant metastasis, disease-free survival (DFS), and overall survival (OS) in 8036 postoperative breast cancer patients enrolled in 23 studies., Methods: A literature search of PubMed, Medline, Cochrane, Embase, and PMC was conducted to identify eligible studies. The combined odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) were analyzed to evaluate the relationships between the CD44 + /CD24 - phenotype and the pathological and biological characteristics of breast cancer patients, and the combined hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% CIs were calculated to evaluate the relationships between CD44 + /CD24 - and DFS and OS of breast cancer patients using Stata12.0 software., Results: The CD44 + /CD24 - phenotype were not related to the tumor size (tumor size > 2.0 vs ≤ 2.0 cm, combined OR = 0.98, 95% CI 0.68-1.34, p = 0.792) and did not promote lymph node metastasis (lymph node metastasis vs. no lymph node metastasis, OR = 0.92, 95% CI 0.67-1.27, p = 0.626) and distant metastasis (distant metastasis vs no distant metastasis, combined OR = 3.88, 95% CI 0.93-16.24, p = 0.064). The CD44 + /CD24 - phenotype was negatively correlated with postoperative DFS (HR = 1.67, 95% CI 1.35-2.07, p < 0.00001) and OS (combined HR = 1.52, 95% CI 1.21-1.91, p = 0.0004)., Conclusion: These results suggested expression of the CD44 + /CD24 - phenotype cannot be used as a reliable indicator of the tumor size, lymph node metastasis, and distant metastasis, however, it can be used be a potential therapeutic targets of DFS, OS in breast cancer patients., (© 2022. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.)

Hydrological processes play a key role in ecosystem stability in arid regions. The operation of water conservancy projects leads to changes in the natural hydrological processes, thereby damaging the ecosystem balance. Ecological regulation is an effective non-engineering measure to relieve the influence of water conservancy projects on ecosystems. However, there are still some problems, such as an insufficient understanding of hydraulic processes and difficulty evaluating the application effects. In this study, the theory of ecological reservoir regulation coupled with hydrological and ecological processes was examined and ecological protection and remediation were investigated using the valley forests and grasslands in the Irtysh River Basin as a case study. The results demonstrated that (1) to meet the demand of the hydrological processes in the valley forests and grasslands, in terms of ecological regulation, the peak flow and flood peak duration of the reservoir, named 635, in the Irtysh River Basin should be 1000 m 3 s -1 and 168 h, respectively, and the total water volume of ecological regulation should be 605 million m³. Ecological regulation can guarantee that the floodplain range reaches 64.3% of the core area of ecological regulation and the inundation duration in most areas is between 4-8 d; (2) an insufficient ecological water supply would seriously affect the inundation effects. The inundation areas were reduced by 2.8, 5.1, 10.3, and 19.3%, respectively, under the four insufficient ecological water supply conditions (528, 482, 398, and 301 million m 3 ), and the inundation duration showed a general decreasing trend; (3) the construction of ecological sluices and the optimization of the reservoir regulation rules could effectively relieve the influences of an insufficient ecological water supply. At water supply volumes of 528 and 482 million m 3 , the regulation rules should assign priority to the flood peak flow; at water supply volumes of 398 and 301 million m 3 , the regulation rules should assign priority to the flood peak duration. Consequently, this study provides a reference for ecological protection in arid regions and the optimization of ecological regulation theories.

Objective: A complete toxicity profile, toxicity profile, and safety ranking of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) for treatment of advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) will be provided in this network meta-analysis., Methods: We searched 14 randomized clinical trials (RCTs) including 9572 NSCLC patients by PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane, and ClinicalTrials.gov. Randomized pairwise and network meta-analyses were used to compare the incidence of severe immune-related adverse events (irAEs) across different ICIs-based treatments using risk ratios (RRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CI)., Results: For severe dermatologic irAEs, the corresponding ranking of incidences of the nine groups from high to low was: nivolumab + ipilimumab + platinum (79.1%), pembrolizumab (75.2%), nivolumab + ipilimumab (72.9%), camrelizumab + platinum (64.9%), atezolizumab + platinum (47.4%), nivolumab (44.2%), durvalumab (40.5%), pembrolizumab + platinum (15.5%), platinum-based chemotherapy (10.3%). For severe colitis, the corresponding ranking of incidences of the seven groups from high to low was: nivolumab + ipilimumab + platinum (72.4%), nivolumab (63.1%), atezolizumab + platinum (56.9%), durvalumab (56.6%), pembrolizumab (54.9%), pembrolizumab + platinum (38.6%), platinum-based chemotherapy (7.4%). For severe endocrine irAEs, the corresponding ranking of incidences of the nine groups from high to low was: durvalumab (74.3%), atezolizumab + platinum (54.5%), nivolumab + ipilimumab (54.0%), camrelizumab + platinum (51.7%), nivolumab + ipilimumab + platinum (51.6%), pembrolizumab + platinum (49.8%), pembrolizumab (49.2%), nivolumab (46.3%), platinum-based chemotherapy (18.6%). For severe pneumonitis, the corresponding ranking of incidences of the nine groups from high to low was: nivolumab (84.3%), pembrolizumab (84.1%), durvalumab (66.1%), camrelizumab + platinum (61.4%), atezolizumab + platinum (50%), pembrolizumab + platinum (43.4%), platinum-based chemotherapy (16.2%), atezolizumab (6.2%). For severe hepatitis, the corresponding ranking of incidences of the eight groups from high to low was: pembrolizumab (68.8%), nivolumab + ipilimumab + platinum (65%), pembrolizumab + platinum (64.6%), durvalumab (57.9%), nivolumab (47.1%), atezolizumab + platinum (43.4%), camrelizumab + platinum (42%), platinum-based chemotherapy (11.2%)., Conclusions: In addition to platinum-based chemotherapy, pembrolizumab + platinum for severe dermatologic irAEs and colitis, nivolumab for severe endocrine irAEs, atezolizumab for severe pneumonitis, camrelizumab + platinum for severe hepatitis may be associated with lower rates of irAEs than other immune-based regimens., (© 2022. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.)

Traditional bimetallic sulfide-based nanomaterials often have a small specific surface area (SSA), low dispersion, and poor conductivity, thereby limiting their wide applications in the nanozyme-catalytic field. To address the above issues, we herein integrated NiCo 2 S 4 with N,S-rGO to fabricate a nanocomposite (NiCo 2 S 4 @N,S-rGO), which showed a stronger peroxidase-mimetic activity than its pristine components. The SSA (155.8 m 2 g -1 ) of NiCo 2 S 4 @N,S-rGO increased by ∼2-fold compared to NiCo 2 S 4 with a pore size of 7-9 nm, thus providing more active sites and charge transfer channels. Based on the Michaelis-Menten equation, the affinity of this nanocomposite increased 40% and 1.1∼10.6-fold compared with NiCo 2 S 4 with N,S-rGO, respectively, highlighting the significant enhancement of the peroxidase-like activity. The enhanced activity of this nanocomposite is derived from the joint participation of ˙OH, ˙O 2 - , and photogenerated holes (h + ), and was dominated by h + . To sum up, N,S-codoping, rich S-vacancies, and multi-valence states for this nanocomposite facilitate electron transfer and accelerate reaction processes. The nanocomposite-based colorimetric sensor gave low detection limits for H 2 O 2 (12 μM) and glucose (0.3 μM). In comparison with the results detected by a common glucose meter, this sensor provided the relative recoveries across the range of 97.4-101.8%, demonstrating its high accuracy. Moreover, it exhibited excellent selectivity for glucose assay with little interference from common co-existing macromolecules/ions, as well as high reusability (>6 times). Collectively, the newly developed colorimetric sensor yields a promising methodology for practical applications in H 2 O 2 and glucose detection with advantages of highly visual resolution, simple operation, convenient use, and satisfactory sensitivity., Competing Interests: The authors declare no conflict of interest., (This journal is © The Royal Society of Chemistry.)

Choline metabolism alteration is considered as a metabolic hallmark in cancer, reflecting the complex interactions between carcinogenic signaling pathways and cancer metabolism, but little is known about whether genetic variants in the metabolism pathway contribute to the susceptibility of bladder cancer. Herein, a case-control study comprising 580 patients and 1,101 controls was carried out to analyze the association of bladder cancer with genetic variants on candidate genes involved in the choline metabolism pathway using unconditional logistic regression. Gene expression data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database were applied for differential gene expression analysis. Cox regression was also applied to estimate the role of candidate genes on bladder cancer prognosis. Our results demonstrated that C allele of rs6810830 in ENPP6 was a significant protective allele of bladder cancer, compared to the T allele [Odds ratio (OR) = 0.74, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.64-0.86, P = 7.14 × 10 -5 in additive model]. Besides, we also found that the expression of ENPP6 remarkably decreased in bladder tumors compared with normal tissues. Moreover, high expression of ENPP6 was associated with worse overall survival (OS) in bladder cancer patients [hazard ratio (HR) with their 95% CI 1.39 (1.02-1.90), P = 0.039]. In conclusion, our results suggested that SNP rs6810830 (T > C) in ENPP6 might be a potential susceptibility loci for bladder cancer, and these findings provided novel insights into the underlying mechanism of choline metabolism in cancers., (© 2022. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.)

Development of photoliquefiable solid-state biomaterials at room temperature would address scientific challenges in life science. However, external stimuli-induced phase transitions are difficult for some biomacromolecules based materials, due to the high rigidity of these biomolecules. In this present work, by delicate molecule design on azobenzene-type ammonium surfactants, two new types of DNA-surfactant materials are fabricated. At room temperature, these DNA materials show photoliquefaction of ionic crystals to isotropic liquids under UV light, and fast self-assembly from isotropic liquids back to crystals after ceasing UV light, under the assistance of azobenzene isomerization. To achieve this objective, the designed solid-state DNA materials should have melting points near room temperature and an immediate liquid crystal to isotropic liquid transition process just above the melting points, which highly depends on the stoichiometric charge ratio between DNA and surfactants. As proved by the successful self-healing tests, these DNA ionic crystals are good biomaterials with potential applications in biomedicine and life science. This work would provide a new strategy for designing anhydrous functional biomaterials at room temperature by using rigid biomacromolecules. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: At room temperature, solid-state biomaterials with photoregulated crystal⇄isotropic liquid phase transition property are attractive functional materials in life science, considering the body temperature and living environment temperature of human beings. Although several kinds of anhydrous materials achieved isothermal photoresponsive phase transitions, the photoregulated phase transition of anhydrous biomacromolecules based materials has not been achieved at room temperature, due to the high rigidity of these biomolecules. In this work, by delicate molecule design on ammonium surfactants, we synthesized two kinds of anhydrous DNA-surfactants ionic crystals. These DNA materials show fast photoliquefaction under UV light and self-assembly after ceasing light, which affords excellent self-healing biomaterials. This work would provide a new strategy for designing anhydrous photoresponsive biomaterials by using rigid biomacromolecules., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest There are no conflicts to declare. The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2021. Published by Elsevier Ltd.)

Recently N 6 -Methyladenosine (m 6 A) has been identified to guide the interaction of RNA-binding protein hnRNP C and their target RNAs, which is termed as m 6 A-switches. We systematically investigated the association between genetic variants in m 6 A-switches and bladder cancer risk. A two-stage case-control study was performed to systematically calculate the association of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in 2798 m 6 A-switches with bladder cancer risk in 3,997 subjects. A logistic regression model was used to assess the effects of SNPs on bladder cancer risk. A series of experiments were adopted to explore the role of genetic variants of m 6 A-switches. We identified that rs5746136 (G > A) of SOD2 in m 6 A-switches was significantly associated with the reduced risk of bladder cancer (additive model in discovery stage: OR = 0.80, 95% CI 0.69-0.93, P = 3.6 × 10 -3 ; validation stage: adjusted OR = 0.88, 95% CI 0.79-0.99, P = 3.0 × 10 -2 ; combined analysis: adjusted OR = 0.85, 95% CI 0.78-0.93, P = 4.0 × 10 -4 ). The mRNA level of SOD2 was remarkably lower in bladder cancer tissues than the paired adjacent samples. SNP rs5746136 may affect m 6 A modification and regulate SOD2 expression by guiding the binding of hnRNP C to SOD2, which played a critical tumor suppressor role in bladder cancer cells by promoting cell apoptosis and inhibiting proliferation, migration and invasion. In conclusion, our findings suggest the important role of genetic variants in m 6 A modification. SOD2 polymorphisms may influence the expression of SOD2 via an m 6 A-hnRNP C-dependent mechanism and be promising predictors of bladder cancer risk.

Background/objective: Depression, anxiety and stress are known as negative emotions. Previous studies have shown that negative emotions were associated with quality of life. There are a lot of researches on quality of life. However, previous studies mainly focused on health-related quality of life among patients. This study aims to examine the relationship between negative emotions and quality of life as well as the underlying psychological mechanism among community-based samples., Method: We surveyed 6,401 adolescents (age: 9-15 years old). Participants were assessed using the Depression Anxiety Stress Scale, Resilience Scale for Chinese Adolescent, Perceived Social Support Scale and the Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory 4.0 Generic Scale for Negative Emotions, Resilience, Social Support and Quality of Life., Results: Results revealed that negative emotions were negatively associated with quality of life, and resilience mediated the relationship between negative emotions and quality of life. Social support moderated all the paths among negative emotions, resilience and quality of life., Conclusions: Adolescents' quality of life was indirectly affected by negative emotions via resilience, and less affected by negative emotions and more affected by resilience with the improvement of social support. The theoretical and practical implications of these results are discussed., (© 2020 Asociación Española de Psicología Conductual. Published by Elsevier España, S.L.U.)

We introduce the background of Shanghai medical purchasing service and supervision platform (later we call it "open platform") and the effect of its implementation. We also analyze the problems occurred by medical institutions in the management of supplies, explore how to use open platform to strengthen the management of medical supplies, further optimize the structure of supplies, standardize the clinical reasonable use and charges, and ensure the quality, safety and traceability of supplies.

Background: Tumor recurrence and drug resistance are the main causes of death in tumor patients. The family of acetaldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) is closely related to the proliferation, migration, invasion and resistance of tumor cells, and different ALDH subtypes are expressed in different tumor cells. The aim of this study is to elucidate the ALDH subtype in human lung adenocarcinoma HCC-827/GR cells, which resistant to the gefitinib., Methods: The human lung adenocarcinoma HCC-827 cells were used to generate the gefitinib-resistant HCC-827/GR cells; the expression of ALDH subtype in either HCC-827 or HCC-827/GR was detected by flow cytometry; The proliferative capacity and sensitivity to gefitinib of hcc-827/GR cells were analyzed by MTT assay before and after treatment with 100 μmol/L diethyllaminaldehyde (DEAB); Real-time quantitative PCR was used to detect the expression of ALDH subtypes at mRNA levels in hcc-827 cells and hcc-827/GR cells., Results: Compared with HCC-827 cells, the positive rate of ALDH in HCC-827/GR cells increased. The proliferation ability of HCC-827/GR cells decreased after treatment with 100 μmol/L DEAB. Compared with HCC-827 cells, the expression of ALDH1A1 and ALDH1L1 mRNA was increased in hcc-827/GR cells, but the ALDH3B2 expression was decreased., Conclusions: ALDH might be used as a molecular biomarker to test the gefitinib-resistant to lung adenocarcinoma cancer cells, and the ALDH1A1 may play a role in gefitinib resistance in lung cancer.

Sequence variation at the equine myostatin gene (MSTN) locus has previously been shown to have a singular genomic influence on optimum race distance in Thoroughbred racehorses. Myostatin, encoded by the MSTN gene, is a member of the TGF-β superfamily that regulates skeletal muscle development in a range of mammalian species including the horse. In the Thoroughbred, the C-allele at the g.66493737C/T SNP has been found at significantly higher frequency in subgroups of the population that are suited to fast, short distance, sprint races and also influences body composition phenotypes. We investigated the influence of the g.66493737C/T SNP on speed indexes measured in a cohort of n = 85 Thoroughbred horses-in-training. We found significant associations between genotypes at the g.66493737C/T SNP and all measured speed variables: Dist(6) [distance travelled during 6 s before and after maximal velocity (V(max)); P = 0.0040], V(maxt) (duration at V(max); P = 0.0249), V(max) (P = 0.0265), Dist(6b) (distance travelled during 6 s before V(max); P = 0.0032), and Dist(6a)(distance travelled during 6 s after V(max); P = 0.0317). For each measure, horses with the C/C and C/T genotypes outperformed T/T horses, indicating the requirement for at least one C-allele to improve speed. For the most significantly associated variables (Dist(6) and Dist(6b)) the C/C cohort performed better than the T/T cohort with the heterozygotes intermediate, indicating a dose-dependent manifestation. These findings clearly indicate that variation at the MSTN gene influences speed in Thoroughbred horses.